Article(id=1237814982981767622, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1237814978405790425, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.10.009, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1744819200000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-17, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1750262400000, acceptedDateStr=2025-06-19, onlineDate=1773047689433, onlineDateStr=2026-03-09, pubDate=1761321600000, pubDateStr=2025-10-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773047689433, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773047689433, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773047689433, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1237814978405790425, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, year='2025', volume='46', issue='10', pageStart='2287', pageEnd='2547', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773047688342, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773049212967, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1237821373213635442, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1237814978405790425, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1237821373213635443, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1237814978405790425, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2376, endPage=2389, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1237814983254397396, articleId=1237814982981767622, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=EN, title=Leaf Anatomical Determinants of Stress Resistance and Productivity: A Comprehensive Evaluation of 50 Tea Accessions in Guangxi, columnId=1236256430060261740, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, columnName=Germplasm Resources, Genetics & Breeding, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

This study was aimed to identify high-quality and stress-resistant germplasm resources of subtropical tea for the purpose of supporting new variety breeding and the development of characteristic tea products. Leaves from 50 tea accessions cultivated at Tea Teaching and Research Base of Guangxi Vocational and Technical College in Nanning were selected as the samples. 17 leaf anatomical and structural traits were examined to assess the genetic diversity. Based on stress resistance, processing suitability, productivity potential of the traits were evaluated. Principal component analysis combined with hierarchical cluster analysis was employed for the comprehensive evaluation. There existed substantial genetic variation among the accessions, and the coefficient of variation ranged from 11.00% to 39.10%. The accessions demonstrated robust stress resistance with average membership function value for drought resistance and pest resistance 0.67 and 0.61, respectively, along with average cold resistance score 6.28. The average productivity index of 3329.20 suggested a relatively high productivity potential. Based on the leaf anatomical and structural indicators, the accessions were clustered into three distinct groups. The upper cuticle thickness, lower cuticle thickness, upper epidermis thickness, lower epidermis thickness, palisade tissue thickness, palisade tissue layer number, spongy tissue layer thickness, leaf thickness, and calcium oxalate crystal indexes of the Group 2 appeared to be significantly or highly significantly different than those of Group 1 and Group 3. Based on the top five principal component values and the corresponding eigenvalues of the accessions, a linear equation was established to calculate the comprehensive score of the principal components. The top 10 accessions exhibited superior overall characteristics, demonstrating strong potential for breeding elite tea cultivars. These findings would provide valuable references for identification and utilization of the superior local tea germplasm resources in Guangxi.

, correspAuthors=Ganhui MO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*MO Ganhui,E-mail:
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为挖掘亚热带茶树优质耐逆种质并服务于新品种选育与特色茶产品开发,本研究以种植于南宁市广西职业技术学院茶叶教学科研基地的50份茶树品种(系)叶片为研究对象,对17项叶片解剖结构性状进行观测与遗传多样性分析,并间接鉴定其抗逆性、适制性和生产力水平,采用主成分分析法结合聚类分析进行综合评价。结果表明:50份茶树品种(系)的17个叶片解剖结构性状存在比较丰富的遗传变异,叶片解剖结构性状的变异系数范围为11.00%~39.10%;总体表现出较强的抗逆性,抗旱、抗病虫性平均隶属函数均值和抗寒性平均得分分别为0.67、0.61、6.28,平均生产力指数为3329.20,潜在生产力总体较高;基于叶片解剖结构指标进行聚类分析,将50份茶树品种(系)划分为3个类群,第Ⅱ类群的上表皮角质层厚度、下表皮角质层厚度、上表皮厚度、下表皮厚度、栅栏组织厚度、栅栏组织层数、海绵组织层厚度、叶片厚度、草酸钙结晶指标显著甚至极显著高于第Ⅰ、Ⅲ类群;根据50份茶树品种(系)前5个主成分值及其对应特征值建立线性方程,计算其主成分的综合得分,排在前10位的茶树品种(系)综合性状优良,可在茶树优良品种选育等方面加以利用。该研究结果旨在为广西地方优异茶树品种(系)的鉴定与利用、新品种选育提供参考。

, correspAuthors=莫干辉, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*莫干辉,E-mail:
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覃爱颖(1992—),女,硕士,农艺师,研究方向:茶树生理。

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覃爱颖(1992—),女,硕士,农艺师,研究方向:茶树生理。

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覃爱颖(1992—),女,硕士,农艺师,研究方向:茶树生理。

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Horticulturae, 2022(8): 494., articleTitle=Impact of cold stress on leaf structure, photosynthesis, and metabolites in Camellia weiningensis and C. oleifera seedlings, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1237814994755178693, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814982981767622, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1997, volume=null, issue=202, pageStart=1, pageEnd=8, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[28], rfOrder=50, authorNames=BARTHLOTT W, NEINHUI C, journalName=Planta, refType=null, unstructuredReference=BARTHLOTT W, NEINHUI C. Purity of the sacred lotus, or escape from contamination in biological surfaces[J]. Planta, 1997(202): 1-8., articleTitle=Purity of the sacred lotus, or escape from contamination in biological surfaces, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1237814994860036294, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814982981767622, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1995, volume=null, issue=40, pageStart=94, pageEnd=171, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=51, authorNames=EIGENHRODE D S, KARL E E, journalName=Annual Review of Entomology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=EIGENHRODE D S, KARL E E. Effects of plant epicuticular lipids on insect herbivores[J]. Annual Review of Entomology, 1995(40): 94-171., articleTitle=Effects of plant epicuticular lipids on insect herbivores, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1237814994985865418, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814982981767622, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=null, issue=108, pageStart=2253, pageEnd=2263, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=52, authorNames=MAHADEVAN N, SINNIAH G D, GUNASEKARAM P, KARUNAJEEWA D G N P, journalName=Plant Disease, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MAHADEVAN N, SINNIAH G D, GUNASEKARAM P, KARUNAJEEWA D G N P. How tea plant defends against blister blight disease: facts revealed and unexplored horizons[J]. Plant Disease, 2024(108): 2253-2263., articleTitle=How tea plant defends against blister blight disease: facts revealed and unexplored horizons, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1237814995120083153, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814982981767622, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=10, issue=10, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[31], rfOrder=53, authorNames=NAKATA P A, journalName=PLos One, refType=null, unstructuredReference=NAKATA P A. An assessment of engineered calcium oxalate crystal formation on plant growth and development as a step toward evaluating its use to enhance plant defense[J]. PLos One, 2015, 10(10): e0141982., articleTitle=An assessment of engineered calcium oxalate crystal formation on plant growth and development as a step toward evaluating its use to enhance plant defense, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1237814995220746456, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814982981767622, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=135, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[32], rfOrder=54, authorNames=PAULA P, ROSER T, ROGHIEH H, KATARINA V M, MITJA K, PRIMOZ V, PRIMOZ P, JUAN B, MARJANA R, CHARLOTTE P, journalName=Food and Chemical Toxicology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=PAULA P, ROSER T, ROGHIEH H, KATARINA V M, MITJA K, PRIMOZ V, PRIMOZ P, JUAN B, MARJANA R, CHARLOTTE P. Contrasting allocation of magnesium, calcium and manganese in leaves of tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze) plants may explain their different extraction efficiency into tea[J]. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2020(135): 110974., articleTitle=Contrasting allocation of magnesium, calcium and manganese in leaves of tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze) plants may explain their different extraction efficiency into tea, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1237814995333992670, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814982981767622, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=null, issue=14, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[33], rfOrder=55, authorNames=SAMARINA L, WANG S B, MALYUKOVA L, BOBROVSKIKH A, DOROSHKOV A, KONINSKAYA N, SHKHALAKHOVA R, MATSKIV A, FEDORINA J, FIZIKOVA A, MANAKHOVA K, LOSHKARYOVA S, TUTBERIDZE T, RYNDIN A, KHLESTKINA E, journalName=Frontiers in Plant Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SAMARINA L, WANG S B, MALYUKOVA L, BOBROVSKIKH A, DOROSHKOV A, KONINSKAYA N, SHKHALAKHOVA R, MATSKIV A, FEDORINA J, FIZIKOVA A, MANAKHOVA K, LOSHKARYOVA S, TUTBERIDZE T, RYNDIN A, KHLESTKINA E. Longterm cold, freezing and drought: overlapping and specific regulatory mechanisms and signal transduction in tea plant (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze)[J]. Frontiers in Plant Science, 2023(14): 1145793., articleTitle=Longterm cold, freezing and drought: overlapping and specific regulatory mechanisms and signal transduction in tea plant (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze), refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1237814989558436724, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814982981767622, awardId=桂教科研[2023]2号2023KY1030, language=CN, fundingSource=广西高校中青年教师科研基础能力提升项目(桂教科研[2023]2号2023KY1030), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1237814989646517115, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814982981767622, awardId=桂财农函[2025]9号, language=CN, fundingSource=国家现代农业产业技术体系广西创新团队建设专项资金项目(桂财农函[2025]9号), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1237814984755958327, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814982981767622, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1237814984768541240, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814982981767622, companyId=1237814984755958327, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. 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Guangxi Institute of Subtropical Crops / Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Guangxi Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruits, Nanning, Guangxi 530001, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1237814984877593153, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814982981767622, companyId=1237814984856621630, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.广西壮族自治区亚热带作物研究所/农业农村部亚热带果品蔬菜质量安全控制重点实验室/广西亚热带特色水果质量安全控制重点实验室,广西南宁 530001)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1237814987591308001, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814982981767622, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Heatmap of correlation of 17 indicators for 50 tea accessions

* indicates significant correlation (P<0.05), ** indicates extremely significant correlation (P<0.01), *** indicates extremely significant correlation (P<0.001).

, figureFileSmall=N56IrbM6PO7NdkffSmdgSg==, figureFileBig=lKsQYX1UoWk4M1lcm8BixA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1237814987691971304, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814982981767622, language=CN, label=图1, caption=50份茶树品种(系)17个指标相关性热图

*表示显著相关(P<0.05),**表示极显著相关(P<0.01),***表示极显著相关(P<0.001)。

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Names and origins of 50 tea accessions

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号
Code
名称
Name
来源
Origin
编号
Code
名称
Name
来源
Origin
编号
Code
名称
Name
来源
Origin
A01龙井长叶安徽A18大红袍福建武夷山A35台茶12号台湾
A02福云6号福建A19奇种福建武夷山A36翠玉台湾
A03丹桂福建A20玉麒麟福建武夷山A37云抗10号云南省农业科学院茶叶研究所
A04金观音福建A21本山福建西坪尧阳A38玫瑰云南省农业科学院茶叶研究所
A05春波绿福建A22元宵绿福建崇儒乡A39紫娟茶云南省农业科学院茶叶研究所
A06毛蟹福建安溪县A23白叶单枞广东饶平县A40黄金芽浙江
A07黄旦福建安溪县A24桂绿1号广西桂林A41浙农113浙江
A08软枝乌龙福建草洋乡A25桂红3号广西桂林A42安吉白茶浙江安吉县
A09福鼎大毫福建福鼎县A26桂红4号广西桂林A43尧山秀绿浙江淳安县
A10肉桂福建慧苑岩A27桂香22号广西凌云A44中黄2号浙江缙云县
A11水仙福建建阳区A28桂职1号广西南宁A45浙农117浙江余姚市
A12金牡丹福建农业科学院
茶叶研究所
A29桂红2号广西南宁A46乌牛早浙江永嘉县
A13紫牡丹福建农业科学院茶叶研究A30白毫早湖南农业科学院茶叶研究A47中茶108中国农业科学院茶叶研究所
A14黄玫瑰福建农业科学院茶叶研究A31特早213四川A48龙井43号中国农业科学院茶叶研究所
A15黄观音福建农业科学院研究所A32川茶1号四川峨眉山市A49中黄1号中国农业科学院茶叶研究所
A16白芽奇兰福建平和县A33川农黄四川名山县A50中茶102中国农业科学院茶叶研究所
A17铁罗汉福建武夷山A34蒙山9号四川名山县   
), ArticleFig(id=1237814988673438509, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814982981767622, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

50份茶树品种(系)名称及来源

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号
Code
名称
Name
来源
Origin
编号
Code
名称
Name
来源
Origin
编号
Code
名称
Name
来源
Origin
A01龙井长叶安徽A18大红袍福建武夷山A35台茶12号台湾
A02福云6号福建A19奇种福建武夷山A36翠玉台湾
A03丹桂福建A20玉麒麟福建武夷山A37云抗10号云南省农业科学院茶叶研究所
A04金观音福建A21本山福建西坪尧阳A38玫瑰云南省农业科学院茶叶研究所
A05春波绿福建A22元宵绿福建崇儒乡A39紫娟茶云南省农业科学院茶叶研究所
A06毛蟹福建安溪县A23白叶单枞广东饶平县A40黄金芽浙江
A07黄旦福建安溪县A24桂绿1号广西桂林A41浙农113浙江
A08软枝乌龙福建草洋乡A25桂红3号广西桂林A42安吉白茶浙江安吉县
A09福鼎大毫福建福鼎县A26桂红4号广西桂林A43尧山秀绿浙江淳安县
A10肉桂福建慧苑岩A27桂香22号广西凌云A44中黄2号浙江缙云县
A11水仙福建建阳区A28桂职1号广西南宁A45浙农117浙江余姚市
A12金牡丹福建农业科学院
茶叶研究所
A29桂红2号广西南宁A46乌牛早浙江永嘉县
A13紫牡丹福建农业科学院茶叶研究A30白毫早湖南农业科学院茶叶研究A47中茶108中国农业科学院茶叶研究所
A14黄玫瑰福建农业科学院茶叶研究A31特早213四川A48龙井43号中国农业科学院茶叶研究所
A15黄观音福建农业科学院研究所A32川茶1号四川峨眉山市A49中黄1号中国农业科学院茶叶研究所
A16白芽奇兰福建平和县A33川农黄四川名山县A50中茶102中国农业科学院茶叶研究所
A17铁罗汉福建武夷山A34蒙山9号四川名山县   
), ArticleFig(id=1237814988769907508, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814982981767622, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Statistical analysis and genetic diversity of leaf anatomical structural traits

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标
Indicator
极大值
Max
极小值
Min
均值
Mean
方差
Variance
标准差
SD
变异系数
CV/%
遗传多样性指数H
TUC/μm4.991.753.150.580.7624.201.95
TU/μm32.8616.1224.0613.593.6915.302.08
TP/μm240.8556.63135.201078.9632.8524.301.93
TS/μm228.78105.97161.57530.9023.0414.302.01
TL/μm27.5411.7016.2210.663.2720.101.86
TLC/μm4.751.862.870.470.6823.801.88
LT/μm434.89255.48338.532036.7245.1313.302.02
CA30.6718.3324.5911.323.3713.701.95
LP3.001.002.060.260.5124.601.78
P/S1.470.320.850.040.2024.101.93
P/L0.560.210.400.040.0615.601.90
U/S0.210.100.150.010.0317.901.97
S/P3.120.681.270.170.4232.801.63
S/L0.660.380.480.030.0511.001.95
N6181.741362.943329.20896 888.65947.0428.401.91
Y6.28–0.032.851.241.1139.101.93
CN3.000.331.590.3610.6037.901.88
), ArticleFig(id=1237814988916708160, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814982981767622, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

叶片解剖结构性状统计与遗传多样性分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标
Indicator
极大值
Max
极小值
Min
均值
Mean
方差
Variance
标准差
SD
变异系数
CV/%
遗传多样性指数H
TUC/μm4.991.753.150.580.7624.201.95
TU/μm32.8616.1224.0613.593.6915.302.08
TP/μm240.8556.63135.201078.9632.8524.301.93
TS/μm228.78105.97161.57530.9023.0414.302.01
TL/μm27.5411.7016.2210.663.2720.101.86
TLC/μm4.751.862.870.470.6823.801.88
LT/μm434.89255.48338.532036.7245.1313.302.02
CA30.6718.3324.5911.323.3713.701.95
LP3.001.002.060.260.5124.601.78
P/S1.470.320.850.040.2024.101.93
P/L0.560.210.400.040.0615.601.90
U/S0.210.100.150.010.0317.901.97
S/P3.120.681.270.170.4232.801.63
S/L0.660.380.480.030.0511.001.95
N6181.741362.943329.20896 888.65947.0428.401.91
Y6.28–0.032.851.241.1139.101.93
CN3.000.331.590.3610.6037.901.88
), ArticleFig(id=1237814989122229068, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814982981767622, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

Leaf anatomical features and resistance evaluation of 50 tea accessions

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), ArticleFig(id=1237814989218698068, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814982981767622, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

50份茶树品种(系)的叶片解剖特征及抗性评价

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), ArticleFig(id=1237814989331944287, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814982981767622, language=EN, label=Tab. 4, caption=

Principal component scores of 50 tea accessions

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编号
Code
主成分得分Score of principal component综合得分
Composite score
排名
Rank
Z(i,1)Z(i,2)Z(i,3)Z(i,4)Z(i,5)
A087.6940.536–0.721–2.5151.4193.6881
A074.0462.880–1.066–0.272–1.7962.3752
A352.8622.945–0.0291.171–0.4842.1573
A494.459–0.171–1.362–0.5310.8532.0174
A182.0381.5802.2510.9281.0711.7765
A212.4521.3311.5860.436–1.0011.6496
A043.466–1.0051.417–1.324–1.4991.3857
A111.0232.2550.9071.067–0.1001.2148
A201.0463.033–1.0861.691–1.0351.1819
A231.4570.0192.1501.2670.9371.14410
A471.956–0.060–1.5230.5032.3661.00911
A452.672–0.784–1.639–0.0850.8091.00912
A102.158–0.3590.760–0.8270.2981.00113
A321.4351.017–0.074–1.2081.4910.92414
A222.831–2.7190.923–0.4250.0780.83115
A41–0.5334.5742.007–1.248–0.9680.81116
A051.166–0.8412.6730.892–0.3390.72917
A341.236–0.2420.079–0.706–0.0500.48818
A01–1.1654.390–1.1480.3620.7190.40019
A090.909–0.879–0.3581.352–0.6730.28720
A13–0.4181.133–0.5172.1650.4620.24421
A361.795–2.028–1.124–0.9390.3670.23222
A06–1.1932.1570.1850.914–0.1220.00823
A120.836–2.2112.086–0.731–0.6920.00524
A03–0.3192.348–2.198–0.062–2.241–0.02725
A42–0.5560.012–0.7981.9431.233–0.07626
A28–0.138–1.9221.0311.7871.232–0.13327
A440.485–1.574–2.3261.5170.353–0.20028
A15–0.4460.3550.745–0.880–1.304–0.24029
A30–0.9890.1670.8880.987–0.192–0.27130
A48–0.761–0.492–0.0750.4602.140–0.29131
A19–0.4560.199–0.007–1.6020.331–0.31032
A380.472–3.0750.6510.714–0.378–0.36333
A24–0.347–0.589–1.3480.0330.362–0.42134
A43–0.441–1.899–0.1640.6190.350–0.58435
A31–0.992–0.6860.568–1.5050.587–0.68636
A16–1.106–1.139–0.1381.0000.322–0.69937
A500.134–3.2300.1371.592–2.700–0.70738
A37–0.7230.185–1.878–2.209–0.810–0.79039
A33–1.883–0.241–0.0230.2460.174–0.94640
A46–1.622–0.190–0.057–2.1370.160–1.04241
A27–1.575–0.6620.353–0.727–1.565–1.07542
A40–1.468–1.770–1.8390.861–0.572–1.28443
A02–1.202–1.910–1.7090.449–1.620–1.29044
A29–3.8071.8660.284–1.6450.403–1.54245
A25–2.743–2.371–0.102–2.4530.165–2.12946
A14–4.183–1.6981.150–0.099–0.256–2.35047
A17–4.314–1.5390.404–0.2480.438–2.42148
A26–6.7872.3131.875–0.1101.125–2.52949
A39–8.4620.991–1.802–0.4690.152–4.15950
), ArticleFig(id=1237814989440996201, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814982981767622, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

50份茶树品种(系)的主成分得分

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编号
Code
主成分得分Score of principal component综合得分
Composite score
排名
Rank
Z(i,1)Z(i,2)Z(i,3)Z(i,4)Z(i,5)
A087.6940.536–0.721–2.5151.4193.6881
A074.0462.880–1.066–0.272–1.7962.3752
A352.8622.945–0.0291.171–0.4842.1573
A494.459–0.171–1.362–0.5310.8532.0174
A182.0381.5802.2510.9281.0711.7765
A212.4521.3311.5860.436–1.0011.6496
A043.466–1.0051.417–1.324–1.4991.3857
A111.0232.2550.9071.067–0.1001.2148
A201.0463.033–1.0861.691–1.0351.1819
A231.4570.0192.1501.2670.9371.14410
A471.956–0.060–1.5230.5032.3661.00911
A452.672–0.784–1.639–0.0850.8091.00912
A102.158–0.3590.760–0.8270.2981.00113
A321.4351.017–0.074–1.2081.4910.92414
A222.831–2.7190.923–0.4250.0780.83115
A41–0.5334.5742.007–1.248–0.9680.81116
A051.166–0.8412.6730.892–0.3390.72917
A341.236–0.2420.079–0.706–0.0500.48818
A01–1.1654.390–1.1480.3620.7190.40019
A090.909–0.879–0.3581.352–0.6730.28720
A13–0.4181.133–0.5172.1650.4620.24421
A361.795–2.028–1.124–0.9390.3670.23222
A06–1.1932.1570.1850.914–0.1220.00823
A120.836–2.2112.086–0.731–0.6920.00524
A03–0.3192.348–2.198–0.062–2.241–0.02725
A42–0.5560.012–0.7981.9431.233–0.07626
A28–0.138–1.9221.0311.7871.232–0.13327
A440.485–1.574–2.3261.5170.353–0.20028
A15–0.4460.3550.745–0.880–1.304–0.24029
A30–0.9890.1670.8880.987–0.192–0.27130
A48–0.761–0.492–0.0750.4602.140–0.29131
A19–0.4560.199–0.007–1.6020.331–0.31032
A380.472–3.0750.6510.714–0.378–0.36333
A24–0.347–0.589–1.3480.0330.362–0.42134
A43–0.441–1.899–0.1640.6190.350–0.58435
A31–0.992–0.6860.568–1.5050.587–0.68636
A16–1.106–1.139–0.1381.0000.322–0.69937
A500.134–3.2300.1371.592–2.700–0.70738
A37–0.7230.185–1.878–2.209–0.810–0.79039
A33–1.883–0.241–0.0230.2460.174–0.94640
A46–1.622–0.190–0.057–2.1370.160–1.04241
A27–1.575–0.6620.353–0.727–1.565–1.07542
A40–1.468–1.770–1.8390.861–0.572–1.28443
A02–1.202–1.910–1.7090.449–1.620–1.29044
A29–3.8071.8660.284–1.6450.403–1.54245
A25–2.743–2.371–0.102–2.4530.165–2.12946
A14–4.183–1.6981.150–0.099–0.256–2.35047
A17–4.314–1.5390.404–0.2480.438–2.42148
A26–6.7872.3131.875–0.1101.125–2.52949
A39–8.4620.991–1.802–0.4690.152–4.15950
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基于叶片解剖结构特征的50份茶树品种(系)综合评价与性状关联分析
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覃爱颖 1 , 陈恩海 1 , 劳福增 1 , 陈达辉 1 , 钟勇 1 , 莫干辉 2, *
热带作物学报 | 种质资源与遗传育种 2025,46(10): 2376-2389
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热带作物学报 | 种质资源与遗传育种 2025, 46(10): 2376-2389
基于叶片解剖结构特征的50份茶树品种(系)综合评价与性状关联分析
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覃爱颖1, 陈恩海1, 劳福增1, 陈达辉1, 钟勇1, 莫干辉2, *
作者信息
  • 1.广西职业技术学院农业工程学院,广西南宁 530226
  • 2.广西壮族自治区亚热带作物研究所/农业农村部亚热带果品蔬菜质量安全控制重点实验室/广西亚热带特色水果质量安全控制重点实验室,广西南宁 530001
  • 覃爱颖(1992—),女,硕士,农艺师,研究方向:茶树生理。

通讯作者:

*莫干辉,E-mail:
Leaf Anatomical Determinants of Stress Resistance and Productivity: A Comprehensive Evaluation of 50 Tea Accessions in Guangxi
Aiying QIN1, Enhai CHEN1, Fuzeng LAO1, Dahui CHEN1, Yong ZHONG1, Ganhui MO2, *
Affiliations
  • 1. School of Agricultural Engineering, Guangxi Vocational & Technical College, Nanning, Guangxi 530226, China
  • 2. Guangxi Institute of Subtropical Crops / Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Guangxi Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruits, Nanning, Guangxi 530001, China
出版时间: 2025-10-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.10.009
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为挖掘亚热带茶树优质耐逆种质并服务于新品种选育与特色茶产品开发,本研究以种植于南宁市广西职业技术学院茶叶教学科研基地的50份茶树品种(系)叶片为研究对象,对17项叶片解剖结构性状进行观测与遗传多样性分析,并间接鉴定其抗逆性、适制性和生产力水平,采用主成分分析法结合聚类分析进行综合评价。结果表明:50份茶树品种(系)的17个叶片解剖结构性状存在比较丰富的遗传变异,叶片解剖结构性状的变异系数范围为11.00%~39.10%;总体表现出较强的抗逆性,抗旱、抗病虫性平均隶属函数均值和抗寒性平均得分分别为0.67、0.61、6.28,平均生产力指数为3329.20,潜在生产力总体较高;基于叶片解剖结构指标进行聚类分析,将50份茶树品种(系)划分为3个类群,第Ⅱ类群的上表皮角质层厚度、下表皮角质层厚度、上表皮厚度、下表皮厚度、栅栏组织厚度、栅栏组织层数、海绵组织层厚度、叶片厚度、草酸钙结晶指标显著甚至极显著高于第Ⅰ、Ⅲ类群;根据50份茶树品种(系)前5个主成分值及其对应特征值建立线性方程,计算其主成分的综合得分,排在前10位的茶树品种(系)综合性状优良,可在茶树优良品种选育等方面加以利用。该研究结果旨在为广西地方优异茶树品种(系)的鉴定与利用、新品种选育提供参考。

茶树品种  /  叶片解剖结构  /  抗逆性  /  聚类分析

This study was aimed to identify high-quality and stress-resistant germplasm resources of subtropical tea for the purpose of supporting new variety breeding and the development of characteristic tea products. Leaves from 50 tea accessions cultivated at Tea Teaching and Research Base of Guangxi Vocational and Technical College in Nanning were selected as the samples. 17 leaf anatomical and structural traits were examined to assess the genetic diversity. Based on stress resistance, processing suitability, productivity potential of the traits were evaluated. Principal component analysis combined with hierarchical cluster analysis was employed for the comprehensive evaluation. There existed substantial genetic variation among the accessions, and the coefficient of variation ranged from 11.00% to 39.10%. The accessions demonstrated robust stress resistance with average membership function value for drought resistance and pest resistance 0.67 and 0.61, respectively, along with average cold resistance score 6.28. The average productivity index of 3329.20 suggested a relatively high productivity potential. Based on the leaf anatomical and structural indicators, the accessions were clustered into three distinct groups. The upper cuticle thickness, lower cuticle thickness, upper epidermis thickness, lower epidermis thickness, palisade tissue thickness, palisade tissue layer number, spongy tissue layer thickness, leaf thickness, and calcium oxalate crystal indexes of the Group 2 appeared to be significantly or highly significantly different than those of Group 1 and Group 3. Based on the top five principal component values and the corresponding eigenvalues of the accessions, a linear equation was established to calculate the comprehensive score of the principal components. The top 10 accessions exhibited superior overall characteristics, demonstrating strong potential for breeding elite tea cultivars. These findings would provide valuable references for identification and utilization of the superior local tea germplasm resources in Guangxi.

tea accessions  /  leaf anatomical structure  /  stress resistance  /  cluster analysis
覃爱颖, 陈恩海, 劳福增, 陈达辉, 钟勇, 莫干辉. 基于叶片解剖结构特征的50份茶树品种(系)综合评价与性状关联分析. 热带作物学报, 2025 , 46 (10) : 2376 -2389 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.10.009
Aiying QIN, Enhai CHEN, Fuzeng LAO, Dahui CHEN, Yong ZHONG, Ganhui MO. Leaf Anatomical Determinants of Stress Resistance and Productivity: A Comprehensive Evaluation of 50 Tea Accessions in Guangxi[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2025 , 46 (10) : 2376 -2389 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.10.009
茶树(Camellia sinensis)属于山茶科(Theaceae)山茶属(Camellia L.),起源于我国西南地区,至今已有三千多年的栽培历史,并先后传入日本、印度、斯里兰卡等50多个国家,目前已成为全世界三大饮料作物之一[1],其叶片不仅是茶叶生产的主要原料,也是茶树进行光合作用、水分代谢和物质交换的重要器官,茶树叶片的解剖结构与其抗逆性、适制性和生产力等性状密切相关。通过分析叶片解剖结构,可为茶树品种的选育、栽培管理和茶叶加工提供重要的理论依据[2]。基于叶片解剖结构特征进行资源的鉴定评价和遗传多样性分析,在秋海棠[3]、油橄榄[4]、油棕[5]、红豆杉[6]等植物种质资源研究中得到了广泛应用,为相关植物类群优良种质资源保存及品种选育奠定了理论基础。近年来,对茶树种质资源叶片解剖结构的研究日益受到关注,并取得了显著成果,陈荣冰[7]从全国各地采集43份不同茶树品种的成熟叶片,经石蜡切片后在光学显微镜下观察其解剖结构,发现可通过叶片解剖结构来估测各品种的抗寒性强弱,从而选择适宜的气候区域种植该茶树品种,提高茶树引种的成功率。覃秀菊等[8]对广西选育成的10个新品种(系)通过探索叶片解剖结构中的叶片角质层等与产量、适制性、抗逆性之间的相关性,筛选出产量最高、抗高温干旱及抗寒性强茶树种质2份。近年来,国内外针对“高耐逆–高产”茶树品种的饮用品质开展相关研究,结果显示,在维持或提升产量的同时,这类品种的理化与感官品质并未显著降低。例如,与传统绿茶品种福鼎大白茶和龙井43相比,由中国农业科学院茶叶研究所选育的中茶108田间自然鉴定表明其耐旱、耐寒及对炭疽病的抗性均显著优于对照,且鲜叶产量平均提高122.88%~167.16%,春茶干样氨基酸为4.20%、茶多酚为23.90%、咖啡碱为4.20%,酚氨比约为5.69,冲泡后汤色黄绿明亮、香气清鲜、滋味爽口,适制龙井、烘青等高档绿茶[9]。李凤英等[10]采用改良石蜡切片方法制片、光学显微镜观察,从广西姑辽野生茶树13个株系中,筛选出3份综合性状较好且具有良好的开发前景的种质。王飞权等[11]通过对70份武夷名丛的上下表皮角质层厚度、上下表皮厚度、栅栏组织厚度等17项叶片解剖结构指标采用聚类分析、主成分分析等进行综合评价,筛选出综合性状优良排名前10的茶树种质。李佼等[12]运用隶属函数法和与抗寒性相关的线性回归方程,对43份来自汉中不同群体的优良株系的石蜡切片的叶片解剖结构指标进行分析,筛选出3份抗逆性强,生产潜力大,综合性状优良的茶树资源。杨春等[13]以贵州两地24份野生茶树为材料,通过比较两地野生茶树叶片形态特征和叶片解剖特征的23个性状,筛选出4份综合抗性较优的野生茶树,为高抗野生茶树种质选育抗逆性茶树品种提供了科学依据。董方等[14]基于叶片解剖结构性状对江西茶树种质资源进行综合评价得出,17份树种质资源表现出丰富的遗传多样性,茶树种质资源综合性状排名前3为赣茶3号、程风绿、杏林,可在江西绿茶品种选育及茶产品开发方面加以利用。
尽管已有研究对不同茶树种品种进行了叶片解剖结构分析,但大多研究只集中在本土茶树品种的研究,尚未完全掌握资源的品种特性及遗传多样性水平,并且对全国范围内茶树品种资源,在同一生态环境条件下生长的茶树叶片解剖结构的变异及抗逆性、适制性和生产力等性状的分析研究,未见报道。本研究以广西职业技术学院茶树种质资源圃保存的50份茶树品种(系)为研究对象,在相同的生长环境和田管下的上表皮角质层厚度(TUC)、下表皮角质层厚度(TLC)、上表皮厚度(TU)和下表皮厚度(TL)等叶片解剖结构指标,进行遗传变异性分析;在前人研究的基础上,对其抗逆性、适制性和生产力指数进行间接鉴定,并通过主成分分析、系统聚类及综合评价,分析其叶片解剖结构的性状特征,并筛选综合性状优良的茶树种质,为茶树品种的遗传多样性研究和新品种选育提供科学依据。
本研究供试的50份茶树品种(系)种植于南宁市广西职业技术学院茶叶教学科研基地(108°13′~108°24′E,22°34′~22°58′N),树龄10 a(表1)。
选择长势一致的植株10株,在每株树冠当年生第1轮新梢芽下第4叶位,采集健康完整的成熟叶片3片为试验材料,共30片鲜叶。然后在每株的3片叶中,随机选取1片叶片取其中部沿叶脉两侧5 mm×10 mm的组织块,于70%乙醇的FAA液中固定3 d后备用。
通过石蜡切片技术[2]处理采集的叶片组织样本,制作成3张切片(每张切片包含4~5条组织),总计150张。利用Saga-sg40-2电子生物显微镜(萨伽,苏州,中国)及其成像系统(iMicro,苏州,中国)对切片进行观察和摄影,对于每份样本选取3个不同的视野进行观测,并使用Motic Images Advanced 3.2软件(厦门,中国)进行观察和测量茶树叶片的指标:上表皮角质层厚度(TUC,μm)、上表皮厚度(TU,μm)、栅栏组织厚度(TP,μm)、海绵组织厚度(TS,μm)、下表皮厚度(TL,μm)、下表皮角质层厚度(TLC,μm)、叶片厚度(LT,μm)、细胞个数(CA)、栅栏组织层数(LP)、栅栏组织厚度/海绵组织厚度(P/S)、栅栏组织厚度/叶片厚度(P/L)、上表皮厚度/海绵组织厚度(U/S)、海绵组织厚度/栅栏组织厚度(S/P)、海绵组织厚度/叶片厚度(S/L)、生产力指数(N)、抗寒性得分(Y)、草酸钙结晶(CN)。根据公式计算:细胞结构紧密度=栅栏组织厚度/叶片厚度(P/L);细胞结构疏松度=海绵组织厚度/叶片厚度(S/L);栅海比=栅栏组织厚度/海绵组织厚度(P/S)。
利用WPS软件,计算变异系数(CV)和遗传多样性指数(H′),其中遗传多样性(H′)[15]分析采用Shannon-Weaver指数法计算,即H′=–∑(PilnPi),Pi为某性状第i级出现的频率。每个性状的观察值(X)分为10级,1级为X<x–2σ,10级为XX+2σ,中间每级相差0.5σ,其中σ为标准差,x为均值。
各性状指标的隶属函数值f(xi)以Fuzzy数学中隶属函数法进行计算,即f(xi)=(xixmin)/(xmaxxmin),式中xi为指标测定值,xminxmax分别为50份茶树品种(系)叶片解剖结构某一指标的最小值和最大值。
采用SPSSAU软件进行主成分分析、相关性分析和聚类分析。
茶叶生产力指数(N)=第1层栅栏组织细胞数×栅栏组织厚度(400 μm范围)进行计算[2];抗寒性得分(Y)按照公式Y=5.47X–1.78[16]进行计算,式中,X为栅栏组织厚与海绵组织厚的比值,R=0.85。
衡量品种(系)遗传多样性的关键指标有变异系数与遗传多样性指数,该指标的数值越高,意味着变异范围越广,遗传多样性越丰富,更可能包含极端变异类型,品种改良的选择潜力也越大[17]。通过对50份茶树品种(系)17项叶片解剖结构指标的遗传多样性指数、变异系数进行分析(表2)可知,50份茶树品种(系)在叶片解剖结构方面,表现出丰富遗传多样性。其中,上表皮厚度(2.08)的遗传多样性指数最大,其次是海绵组织厚度(2.02)、叶层总厚度(2.01)、U/S(1.97)、上表皮角质层厚度(1.95)、S/L(1.95)、细胞个数(1.95)、栅栏组织厚度(1.93)、抗寒性(1.93)、P/S(1.93)的遗传多样性指数均大于平均值,表明其遗传多样性明显,遗传改良潜力较大。S/P(1.63)、栅栏组织层数(1.78)的遗传多样性较低,S/P在0.679~3.12之间和栅栏组织层数在1~3层之间是该50份茶树品种(系)比较普遍的性状。
50份茶树品种(系)17项叶片解剖结构性状的变异系数范围为11.00%~39.10%,表明50份茶树品种(系)在叶片解剖结构性状方面,表现出出较明显变异,变异系数最大的是抗寒性得分(39.10%),其次是草酸钙结晶(37.90%)、S/P(32.80%)、生产力指数(28.40%)、栅栏组织层数(24.60%)、栅栏组织厚度(24.30%)、上表皮角质层厚度(24.20%)、P/S(24.10%)、下表皮角质层厚度(23.80%),数值均大于平均值22.30%。
对50份茶树品种(系)叶片解剖结构的17项指标进行相关性分析(图1),可见各指标间存在一定的相关性,其中呈极显著正相关的有:上表皮角质层厚度与下表皮角质层厚度(0.72)且相关系数最高,下表皮角质层厚度与海绵组织厚度(0.49),栅栏组织厚度与栅栏组织层数(0.60),叶片厚度与上表皮角质层厚度(0.47)、海绵组织厚度(0.70)、栅栏组织厚度(0.81),叶片厚度与下表皮角质层厚度(0.41)、上表皮厚度(0.37)、栅栏组织层数(0.44);呈显著正相关有:上表皮角质层厚度与海绵组织厚度(0.36)、草酸钙结晶(0.29),上表皮厚度与栅栏组织厚度(0.31)、栅栏组织层数(0.32)、海绵组织厚度(0.28),下表皮厚度与海绵组织厚度(0.32);海绵组织厚度与细胞个数(–0.29)呈显著负相关。
茶树的抗虫性关系研究发现,虫口密度与叶片内部结构的角质层厚度、皮层厚度、栅栏组织厚度及层数、叶片厚度和草酸钙结晶数呈极显著负相关关系[18]表3为运用隶属函数法计算的50份茶树品种(系)上表皮角质层厚度、下表皮角质层厚度、下表皮厚度、栅栏组织厚度、栅栏组织层数、叶片厚度和草酸钙结晶7项指标的隶属函数值,50份茶树品种(系)的平均隶属函数值为0.13~0.61,整体表现出较强的抗病虫性。排名前20茶树资源的抗病虫性平均隶属函数值均高于均值0.37,说明这20份茶树资源具有较强的抗病虫性。
从茶树抗逆性机理等方面,综述了当前茶树抗旱性、抗病性等研究进展,结果发现,上表皮角质层、栅栏组织、叶片厚度及栅栏层数、栅海比值、草酸钙结晶数与茶树的抗旱性息息相关[19]。本研究参考刘燕等[19]的方法,对抗旱性进行综合评价。由表3可知,通过隶属函数法计算出50份茶树品种(系)平均隶属函数值在0.11~0.67之间,说明50份茶树品种(系)总体呈现出较强的抗旱性。排在前24位的茶树资源抗旱性平均隶属函数值均高于平均值0.40,表明其在50份品种(系)中具有强的抗旱性。
参考骆颖颖等[16]提出的茶树品种苗期抗寒性鉴定方法,利用回归方程计算,获得50份茶树品种(系)的抗寒性得分,并据此评估各茶树品种(系)抗寒性的强弱。由表3可知,其抗寒性得分变化范围为–0.03~6.28,总体抗寒性较强,得分最高的是A08,最低的是A39;排名前21份的茶树资源的抗寒性得分均大于均值2.85,表明其具有较强的抗寒性。
茶叶中有机物的累积量受到茶叶叶片光合作用强度的直接影响,光合作用越强烈,有机物的累积量就越大,从而增强茶叶的生产力,且茶叶的光合强度与栅栏组织的厚度和密度,以及栅栏组织与海绵组织的比例之间存在正相关关系[20]。对50份茶树品种(系)的生产力指数(N)值进行比较分析(图2),发现不同品种间N的差异较大(1363.94~6182.74),其中N值最大的是A08(6182.74),最小的是A26(1363.94),平均值为3329.20;有30份茶树资源具有高产性状的潜力,N高于3000.00以上,3份茶树资源低于2000.00,表明其生产力水平偏下。
对50份茶树品种(系)基于17项叶片解剖结构指标进行聚类分析(图3),在欧氏距离为5.0时,将50份茶树品种(系)聚为3个类群。第Ⅰ类群包含2个亚群、13份茶树资源;第Ⅱ类群包含2个亚群、13份茶树种质;第Ⅲ类群包含2个亚群、24份茶树资源。根据聚类结果发现,第Ⅱ类群的上表皮角质层厚度、下表皮角质层厚度、上表皮厚度、下表皮厚度、栅栏组织厚度、栅栏组织层数、海绵组织层厚度、叶片厚度、草酸钙结晶指标显著甚至极显著高于第Ⅰ、Ⅲ类群;第Ⅲ类群的细胞个数、生产力指数、P/S显著高于其他2个类群;第Ⅰ类群的S/L高于第Ⅱ、Ⅲ类群,但差异不显著。
对50份茶树品种(系)的叶片解剖结构指标使用主成分分析进行信息浓缩研究[12],抽样适合性检验(KMO)为0.674,大于0.6,且数据通过Bartlett球形度检验(P<0.05),说明研究数据适合进行主成分分析,根据50份茶树品种(系)前5个主成分值及其对应特征值建立线性方程Zi=0.491×Z(i,1)+0.230×Z(i,2)+0.108×Z(i,3)+0.097×Z(i,4)+0.074×Z(i,5),计算其主成分的综合得分并进行排序(表4),综合得分排在前10位的茶树品种分别为A08、A07、A35、A49、A18、A21、A04、A11、A20、A23。
通过提取前2个主成分PCo1和PCo2(图4),PCo1解释了84.80%的变异,而PCo2解释7.95%的变异,二者合计解释超过92.00%的总变异,表明前2个主成分足以代表原始数据的大部分信息,50份茶树品种(系)被分为几个明显的聚类,其中A08和A07在PCo1上得分较高,A26和A39在PCo2上得分较高。A30和A48、A20和A35、A10和A34等品种(系)在图中的位置较为接近,说明它们在这2个主成分所代表的解剖特征上相似。且50个茶树品种在PCo1和PCo2上的分布较为分散,表明这些品种在叶片解剖结构上存在较大差异,但种间存在明显的聚类现象,说明它们在叶片解剖特征上较为相似。
茶树的叶片解剖结构是种间分类的重要依据之一,也是遗传改良成功的关键,对植物资源的保护和利用具有重要作用[21]。本研究对50份茶树品种(系)的17项叶片解剖结构指标进行了分析,结果显示这些结构性状存在丰富的遗传多样性,尤其是上表皮厚度、海绵组织厚度和叶片总厚度等指标的遗传多样性指数较高,表明这些性状具有较大的遗传改良潜力。在类似研究中,油茶近缘种的叶片结构指标也表现出极显著差异,反映出品种(系)对生境的不同适应性[22]
茶树叶片解剖结构与茶树品种的产量、品质、抗逆性、茶类适制性等均有密切的关系,是一切生理活动的基础[23]。叶片解剖结构与光合强度密切相关,栅栏组织厚度越大,层次越多,细胞排列越紧密,光合能力越强[24]。本研究中,根据生产力指数(N)和栅栏组织厚度(TP)可知,软枝乌龙(N=6181.74、TP=0.76)和黄旦(N=5268.01、TP=0.60)表现最优,桂红4号(N=1362.94、TP=0.02)最低,与苏印泉等[25]、唐茜[20]的研究结果一致,即生产力水平和栅栏组织厚度呈正相关关系。尤其是发现栅栏组织与海绵组织厚度比值(P/S)与净光合速率呈显著正相关(相关系数高达0.9以上),说明栅栏组织在提高光合能力方面具有关键作用[22]
本研究的相关性分析表明,茶树叶片厚度与上表皮角质层厚度、栅栏组织厚度及海绵组织厚度之间存在显著正相关关系,这意味着茶树在应对环境胁迫时倾向于通过增加叶片各结构层次的厚度和细胞组织的紧密程度来实现保护作用。这一结论与CHEN等[26]的研究结果相似:即在干旱胁迫下,茶树新叶和成熟叶的角质层会明显加厚,叶表蜡质沉积增加,从而有效降低叶片的非气孔失水速率,提高茶树的抗旱能力。
叶片解剖结构在抵御多种逆境中发挥重要功能。首先,在低温胁迫下,较厚的叶片和发达的栅栏组织有助于维持叶片组织的稳定,从而增强茶树的抗寒性。XU等[27]比较了2个油茶品种的幼苗叶片结构,发现抗冷性较强的品种其幼苗叶片栅栏组织显著较厚,组织排列更紧密,栅栏组织与海绵组织比例更高,这些结构特征提高了植物在低温(4 ℃)下的耐受力。其次,厚实的角质层既是防止水分过度蒸腾的重要屏障,也是抵御病原菌和害虫侵袭的第一道防线[28]。叶片表面的角质层和蜡质不仅限制水分散失,还可作为病虫识别植物的化学和物理屏障[29]。据报道,抗茶饼病(Exobasidium vexans导致的嫩芽枯萎病)的茶树抗病品种往往具有更厚的角质层和叶片,比感病品种拥有更多的表面蜡质和绒毛,且气孔密度更低,这些结构特征有效阻碍了病菌从表皮直接侵入,提高了茶树对病害的免疫力[30]
此外,叶片中存在的草酸钙结晶也可能参与植物的抗逆防御[13]。本研究观察到草酸钙结晶含量的变异系数较高(37.90%),为与抗寒性评分的变异幅度(39.10%)相当。草酸钙晶体被认为是植物针对食叶害虫的物理防御之一,其机械刺激和抗营养作用能在一定程度上阻碍昆虫取食[31]。PAULA等[32]研究发现,叶片草酸钙晶体密度较高的茶树品种在田间表现出更强的抗虫取食能力,这些晶体可作为钙离子储库,冲泡时部分Ca2+可与儿茶素配位并改变苦涩与收敛感,进而影响汤感顺滑度和回甘速度。因此,不同茶树品种叶片中草酸钙结晶的差异,可能反映其在抗虫抗逆策略上的不同。未来可结合代谢组学方法,深入解析次生代谢物(如草酸钙晶体等)与叶片解剖结构在茶树环境适应中的互作机制,以更全面地了解茶树抗逆性的结构–功能基础。
尽管本研究揭示了茶树叶片解剖结构的表型多样性及其与抗逆性和生产力之间的关联规律,但对关键结构性状背后的分子调控机制尚缺乏明确认识。已有的转录组研究提供了一些启示,例如SAMARINA等[33]发现,茶树在遭受冷害和干旱胁迫时,细胞壁重塑及脂质代谢相关的基因表达显著激活,提示茶树可能通过细胞壁的加固(表现为叶片组织厚度增加)及角质层的脂质调整(表现为叶表蜡质积累与角质层结构优化)等途径,来提升对环境胁迫的适应能力,同时,转录组揭示F3ʹH/F3ʹ5ʹH上调而DFR/FLS下调,使儿茶素谱朝酯型与多羟基型优化,并叠加角质层脂质储存的芳香前体,冲泡后其汤色更亮,滋味由苦涩转为浓醇回甘。然而,目前尚无充分的研究将这些分子层面的变化与具体叶片解剖结构性状明确关联起来。因此,未来研究应重点整合全基因组关联分析(GWAS)手段,筛选与叶片解剖结构性状相关的候选基因,并通过功能验证进一步明确调控栅栏组织发育的关键基因。此外,通过田间胁迫处理试验并动态监测叶片解剖结构参数的变化,可进一步完善茶树抗逆性评价模型,深入解析茶树叶片结构适应环境胁迫的功能机制,从而为茶树遗传改良和新品种选育提供更加坚实的理论基础。
聚类分析结果将50份茶树品种(系)分为3个类群,第Ⅱ类群在上、下表皮角质层厚度、栅栏组织厚度等多项解剖结构性状上显著优于其他类群,提示该类群品种可能在抗逆性和生产力方面更具优势,这也与已有研究通过聚类分析筛选优良茶树品种(系)的研究成果相类似[12]。主成分分析进一步浓缩并综合评价了叶片结构性状对茶树资源品质的影响,综合得分排名前10的茶树品种(系)如软枝乌龙、黄旦等,可作为优良种质在广西及类似生态区域进行重点推广与新品种选育。
  • 广西高校中青年教师科研基础能力提升项目(桂教科研[2023]2号2023KY1030)
  • 国家现代农业产业技术体系广西创新团队建设专项资金项目(桂财农函[2025]9号)
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2025年第46卷第10期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.10.009
  • 接收时间:2025-04-17
  • 首发时间:2026-03-09
  • 出版时间:2025-10-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-04-17
  • 录用日期:2025-06-19
基金
广西高校中青年教师科研基础能力提升项目(桂教科研[2023]2号2023KY1030)
国家现代农业产业技术体系广西创新团队建设专项资金项目(桂财农函[2025]9号)
作者信息
    1.广西职业技术学院农业工程学院,广西南宁 530226
    2.广西壮族自治区亚热带作物研究所/农业农村部亚热带果品蔬菜质量安全控制重点实验室/广西亚热带特色水果质量安全控制重点实验室,广西南宁 530001

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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