Article(id=1237814982532977077, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1237814978405790425, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.10.022, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1742227200000, receivedDateStr=2025-03-18, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1750089600000, acceptedDateStr=2025-06-17, onlineDate=1773047689326, onlineDateStr=2026-03-09, pubDate=1761321600000, pubDateStr=2025-10-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773047689326, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773047689326, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773047689326, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1237814978405790425, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, year='2025', volume='46', issue='10', pageStart='2287', pageEnd='2547', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773047688342, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773049212967, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1237821373213635442, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1237814978405790425, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1237821373213635443, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1237814978405790425, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2520, endPage=2529, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1237814982855938496, articleId=1237814982532977077, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=EN, title=Dispersal Ability of Different Developmental Stages of Eocanthecona furcellata (Wolff), columnId=1236292524264968282, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, columnName=Plant Protection & Bio-safety, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The 3rd to 5th instar nymphs and adults were released in tobacco fields and greenhouses to investigate the differences in dispersal capacity and dynamic patterns across developmental stages of Eocanthecona furcellata (Wolff). Under greenhouse conditions, dispersal characteristics including release timing, spatial distribution, diffusion coefficients and colonization rates were analyzed. Additionally, dispersal velocities across different developmental stages were measured under field conditions. Results demonstrated variations in dispersal capacity among developmental stages within 12-48 hours post-release, showing a gradual enhancement trend with advancing insect age. Throughout the release period, adults exhibited significantly higher dispersal coefficients than nymphs in tobacco fields, while in greenhouses, adult dispersal coefficients only surpassed nymphs significantly during 12-24 hours post-release. During dispersal, nymphs in the greenhouse primarily clustered on tobacco plants, while the majority of adults exhibited a radial dispersal tendency. At 72 hours post-release, significant differences in colonization rates emerged among developmental stages in greenhouses, with adults achieving markedly higher rates than nymphs, demonstrating a stepwise decline as instar levels decreased (adult>5th>4th>3rd). Dispersal patterns stabilized with prolonged release duration. This study would provide critical evidence for scientifically evaluating the biocontrol potential of E. furcellata, offering substantial significance for enhancing natural enemy efficacy and advancing scientific pest management strategies.

, correspAuthors=Xi GAO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*GAO Xi,E-mail:
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为了探究叉角厉蝽[Eocanthecona furcellata(Wolff)]不同虫态的扩散能力差异及其动态规律,本研究通过在烟田和大棚内释放3~5龄若虫和成虫,在大棚条件下对其释放时间、空间分布、扩散系数以及定殖率等方面进行研究,以及在田间条件下测定其不同虫态的扩散速度。结果表明:12~48 h的释放时间范围内,叉角厉蝽不同虫态的扩散能力存在差异,且随虫龄增长呈逐渐增强趋势。整个释放期间,烟田中成虫的扩散系数显著高于若虫,而大棚环境中成虫的扩散系数仅在释放时间12~24 h时显著高于若虫。释放过程中,大棚内的若虫主要聚集在烟草植株上,成虫则大多呈现向四周扩散的趋势。释放72 h后,大棚内不同虫态的定殖率存在显著差异,成虫的定殖率显著高于若虫,且随虫龄递减呈阶梯式下降趋势(成虫>5龄>4龄>3龄)。随着释放时间的延长,叉角厉蝽的扩散开始趋于稳定。研究结果为科学评估叉角厉蝽的生物防治潜力提供关键依据,对提升天敌控害效能以及推进害虫科学防控具有重要意义。

, correspAuthors=高熹, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*高熹,E-mail:
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杨昌和(2001—),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:农业昆虫与害虫防治。

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杨昌和(2001—),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:农业昆虫与害虫防治。

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杨昌和(2001—),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:农业昆虫与害虫防治。

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Studies on predatory characteristics, starvation tolerance and control efficiency of Eocanthecona furcellata (Wolff)[D]. Fuzhou: Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 2023. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Studies on predatory characteristics, starvation tolerance and control efficiency of Eocanthecona furcellata (Wolff), refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1237814990896419808, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814982532977077, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=16, issue=1, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=7, authorNames=PARK Y, LEE J H, journalName=PLoS One, refType=null, unstructuredReference=PARK Y, LEE J H. UV-LED lights enhance the establishment and biological control efficacy of Nesidiocoris tenuis (Reuter) (Hemiptera: Miridae)[J]. 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Dispersal ability of Asian gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar asiatica)[D]. Beijing: Beijing Forestry University, 2017. 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Study on the population occurrence and dispersal patterns of Megalurothrips usitatus in Hainan, China[D]. Tai'an: Shandong Agricultural University, 2024. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Study on the population occurrence and dispersal patterns of Megalurothrips usitatus in Hainan, China, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1237814996948799770, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814982532977077, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=10, issue=1, pageStart=41, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[42], rfOrder=65, authorNames=MARTÍNEZ-PÉREZ S, GALANTE E, MICÓ E, journalName=Movement Ecology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MARTÍNEZ-PÉREZ S, GALANTE E, MICÓ E. Sex specificity of dispersal behaviour and flight morphology varies among tree hollow beetle species[J]. 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Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference (P<0.05).

, figureFileSmall=dtCt42k+hvbab9SdP/kadQ==, figureFileBig=i/msS78Hdl+HP1WvN3UFMw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1237814989310972762, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814982532977077, language=CN, label=图5, caption=不同虫龄的叉角厉蝽在释放72 h后的定殖率

不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=dtCt42k+hvbab9SdP/kadQ==, figureFileBig=i/msS78Hdl+HP1WvN3UFMw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1237814989378081632, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814982532977077, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=Dispersal coefficients of E. furcellata at different life stages within 48 hours after release

A: Shed; B: Field.

, figureFileSmall=n5cwnWutveQwXYW94SImPg==, figureFileBig=TxZITyOK2WrGgnLYNdkb2Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1237814989445190505, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814982532977077, language=CN, label=图6, caption=不同虫龄叉角厉蝽释放48 h内的扩散系数

A:大棚;B:田间。

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Distribution of E. furcellata at different developmental stages after release in greenhouse from 12 to 48 hours

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间
Time/h
发育阶段
Developmental stage
叉角厉蝽虫口数Number of E. furcellata
释放点
Release point
烟草植株
Tobacco plant
防虫网
Insect net
其他
Others
123龄16.67±2.19a19.33±1.76ab1.67±0.67b0.33±0.33b
 4龄19.33±4.67a14.67±0.33b2.67±1.33b0.33±0.33b
 5龄24.00±2.65a13.33±2.03b5.67±0.33b1.67±0.33a
 成虫2.00±1.53b24.67±4.18a17.00±5.69a0.00±0.00b
243龄9.67±5.36ab18.67±4.10a6.00±0.58b0.00±0.00a
 4龄10.67±3.84ab17.67±2.73a4.00±0.58b1.00±1.00a
 5龄13.33±0.88a*19.33±2.03a8.00±1.73b0.00±0.00a
 成虫0.33±0.33b15.67±1.76a22.33±2.40a0.00±0.00a
363龄9.00±2.52a19.67±2.85ab3.33±0.88b0.33±0.33a
 4龄8.67±3.28a11.67±2.33b5.33±3.33b0.67±0.67a
 5龄9.33±2.40a*20.00±2.65a6.00±1.15b1.67±0.33a
 成虫1.00±0.58a13.33±1.45ab20.00±1.00a0.33±0.33a
483龄3.33±1.45ab*11.00±3.79a7.67±2.96b*0.00±0.00a
 4龄6.33±1.45a*11.33±2.73a6.00±2.52b0.67±0.67a
 5龄5.67±1.67a*18.00±2.00a6.00±2.65b4.00±3.00a
 成虫0.67±0.33b11.67±4.98a*19.33±4.63a0.00±0.00a
), ArticleFig(id=1237814989654905724, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814982532977077, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同虫龄叉角厉蝽在大棚释放后12~48 h的分布情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间
Time/h
发育阶段
Developmental stage
叉角厉蝽虫口数Number of E. furcellata
释放点
Release point
烟草植株
Tobacco plant
防虫网
Insect net
其他
Others
123龄16.67±2.19a19.33±1.76ab1.67±0.67b0.33±0.33b
 4龄19.33±4.67a14.67±0.33b2.67±1.33b0.33±0.33b
 5龄24.00±2.65a13.33±2.03b5.67±0.33b1.67±0.33a
 成虫2.00±1.53b24.67±4.18a17.00±5.69a0.00±0.00b
243龄9.67±5.36ab18.67±4.10a6.00±0.58b0.00±0.00a
 4龄10.67±3.84ab17.67±2.73a4.00±0.58b1.00±1.00a
 5龄13.33±0.88a*19.33±2.03a8.00±1.73b0.00±0.00a
 成虫0.33±0.33b15.67±1.76a22.33±2.40a0.00±0.00a
363龄9.00±2.52a19.67±2.85ab3.33±0.88b0.33±0.33a
 4龄8.67±3.28a11.67±2.33b5.33±3.33b0.67±0.67a
 5龄9.33±2.40a*20.00±2.65a6.00±1.15b1.67±0.33a
 成虫1.00±0.58a13.33±1.45ab20.00±1.00a0.33±0.33a
483龄3.33±1.45ab*11.00±3.79a7.67±2.96b*0.00±0.00a
 4龄6.33±1.45a*11.33±2.73a6.00±2.52b0.67±0.67a
 5龄5.67±1.67a*18.00±2.00a6.00±2.65b4.00±3.00a
 成虫0.67±0.33b11.67±4.98a*19.33±4.63a0.00±0.00a
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杨昌和 1 , 田永明 1 , 段思言 1 , 陈晓 1 , 陈岗 2 , 吴国星 1 , 高熹 1, *
热带作物学报 | 植物保护与生物安全 2025,46(10): 2520-2529
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热带作物学报 | 植物保护与生物安全 2025, 46(10): 2520-2529
叉角厉蝽不同虫态的扩散能力研究
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杨昌和1, 田永明1, 段思言1, 陈晓1, 陈岗2, 吴国星1, 高熹1, *
作者信息
  • 1.云南农业大学植物保护学院,云南昆明 650201
  • 2.云南省烟草公司楚雄州公司,云南楚雄 675000
  • 杨昌和(2001—),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:农业昆虫与害虫防治。

通讯作者:

*高熹,E-mail:
Dispersal Ability of Different Developmental Stages of Eocanthecona furcellata (Wolff)
Changhe YANG1, Yongming TIAN1, Siyan DUAN1, Xiao CHEN1, Gang CHEN2, Guoxing WU1, Xi GAO1, *
Affiliations
  • 1. College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
  • 2. Chuxiong Branch, Yunnan Tobacco Co., Chuxiong, Yunnan 675000, China
出版时间: 2025-10-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.10.022
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为了探究叉角厉蝽[Eocanthecona furcellata(Wolff)]不同虫态的扩散能力差异及其动态规律,本研究通过在烟田和大棚内释放3~5龄若虫和成虫,在大棚条件下对其释放时间、空间分布、扩散系数以及定殖率等方面进行研究,以及在田间条件下测定其不同虫态的扩散速度。结果表明:12~48 h的释放时间范围内,叉角厉蝽不同虫态的扩散能力存在差异,且随虫龄增长呈逐渐增强趋势。整个释放期间,烟田中成虫的扩散系数显著高于若虫,而大棚环境中成虫的扩散系数仅在释放时间12~24 h时显著高于若虫。释放过程中,大棚内的若虫主要聚集在烟草植株上,成虫则大多呈现向四周扩散的趋势。释放72 h后,大棚内不同虫态的定殖率存在显著差异,成虫的定殖率显著高于若虫,且随虫龄递减呈阶梯式下降趋势(成虫>5龄>4龄>3龄)。随着释放时间的延长,叉角厉蝽的扩散开始趋于稳定。研究结果为科学评估叉角厉蝽的生物防治潜力提供关键依据,对提升天敌控害效能以及推进害虫科学防控具有重要意义。

叉角厉蝽  /  天敌昆虫  /  生物防治  /  扩散行为  /  扩散系数

The 3rd to 5th instar nymphs and adults were released in tobacco fields and greenhouses to investigate the differences in dispersal capacity and dynamic patterns across developmental stages of Eocanthecona furcellata (Wolff). Under greenhouse conditions, dispersal characteristics including release timing, spatial distribution, diffusion coefficients and colonization rates were analyzed. Additionally, dispersal velocities across different developmental stages were measured under field conditions. Results demonstrated variations in dispersal capacity among developmental stages within 12-48 hours post-release, showing a gradual enhancement trend with advancing insect age. Throughout the release period, adults exhibited significantly higher dispersal coefficients than nymphs in tobacco fields, while in greenhouses, adult dispersal coefficients only surpassed nymphs significantly during 12-24 hours post-release. During dispersal, nymphs in the greenhouse primarily clustered on tobacco plants, while the majority of adults exhibited a radial dispersal tendency. At 72 hours post-release, significant differences in colonization rates emerged among developmental stages in greenhouses, with adults achieving markedly higher rates than nymphs, demonstrating a stepwise decline as instar levels decreased (adult>5th>4th>3rd). Dispersal patterns stabilized with prolonged release duration. This study would provide critical evidence for scientifically evaluating the biocontrol potential of E. furcellata, offering substantial significance for enhancing natural enemy efficacy and advancing scientific pest management strategies.

Eocanthecona furcellata  /  natural enemy insects  /  biological control  /  dispersal behavior  /  diffusion coefficient
杨昌和, 田永明, 段思言, 陈晓, 陈岗, 吴国星, 高熹. 叉角厉蝽不同虫态的扩散能力研究. 热带作物学报, 2025 , 46 (10) : 2520 -2529 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.10.022
Changhe YANG, Yongming TIAN, Siyan DUAN, Xiao CHEN, Gang CHEN, Guoxing WU, Xi GAO. Dispersal Ability of Different Developmental Stages of Eocanthecona furcellata (Wolff)[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2025 , 46 (10) : 2520 -2529 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.10.022
叉角厉蝽(Eocanthecona furcellata)是农林业重要的捕食性天敌昆虫,隶属半翅目(Hemiptera)蝽科(Pentatomidae)益蝽亚科(Asopinae),主要分布于菲律宾、马来西亚、印度、泰国以及中国的四川、云南、贵州、广东、广西、海南和台湾等热带和亚热带区域[1]。部分鞘翅目、半翅目以及大多数鳞翅目的农业害虫都是叉角厉蝽的捕食对象[2-3]。叉角厉蝽的捕食和繁殖力强、产卵量大、对环境安全,若虫随虫龄的增长捕食能力也逐渐增强,在生物防治上具有广阔的应用前景[4]
应用天敌昆虫防治害虫是生物防治的重要防控手段,为充分发挥生态系统中天敌因素的自然控害效能,国内外已有诸多利用生物防治技术对农林害虫进行防控的实例,如利用烟盲蝽(Nesidiocoris tenuis)和东亚小花蝽(Orius sauteri)防控烟粉虱[5-6],利用赤眼蜂(Trichogramma)防治甜菜夜蛾[7],利用蠋蝽(Arma chinensis)防控草地贪夜蛾和马尾松毛虫[8-9],海岛小花蝽(Orius maxidentex)对蓟马表现出较强的控害潜能[10],异色瓢虫(Harmonia axyridis)应用于捕食蚜虫[11-12]。这些研究报道说明,选择合适的天敌昆虫能更好地发挥自然控害作用。
扩散作为昆虫关键的生态行为,对昆虫的适应性、种群动态、分布范围及入侵潜力具有深远影响[13]。研究表明,昆虫扩散受多种因素调控,包括季节变化[14]、光照[15]、气温和风力[16-17]等环境因子,以及寄主植物[18]、飞行能力[19-20]、虫龄[21]等生物因子。因此,要准确评估昆虫的扩散潜力,有必要通过试验研究分析不同因素对其扩散行为的影响。目前已有不少对昆虫扩散的相关研究报道,如茶翅蝽(Halyomorpha halys[22-23]、柑橘木虱(Diaphorina citri[24]、异色瓢虫(Harmonia axyridis)、多异瓢虫(Hippodamia variegata[25]、蠋蝽(Arma chinensis[26]、红彩真猎蝽(Harpactor fuscipes[27]、七星瓢虫(Coccinella septempunctata[28]多种常见天敌昆虫及农林害虫。昆虫扩散行为的相关试验研究虽已有不少报道,但针对天敌昆虫在农田生态系统中的扩散机制及其规律探索仍显不足。
天敌昆虫的应用效能主要取决于释放策略与田间定殖效率[29]。叉角厉蝽作为大多农林害虫的重要捕食性天敌,其空间扩散能力直接影响生物防治效果。然而,针对叉角厉蝽在开放农田及设施大棚等生境中的扩散行为研究尚无报道。鉴此,本研究以叉角厉蝽3~5龄若虫和成虫作为研究对象,于大棚和烟田内释放叉角厉蝽,对释放时间、空间分布、扩散系数等数据进行比较分析,探究其扩散能力与定殖潜能,研究结果可为制定科学的释放方案以及发挥叉角厉蝽在生物防治中的控害效能提供理论依据。
叉角厉蝽购于推动者生物科技有限公司,在实验室以黄粉虫(Tenebrio molitor)蛹饲喂,在湿度为65%±5%、温度为(26±2)℃、光周期为16 L∶8 D条件下,形成稳定种群。
烟草品种为云南烟草公司提供的K326烟苗。将长出5片真叶的烟苗移栽于网罩大棚,采用统一的常规技术进行栽培与水肥管理,待株高约1.5 m时,以供试验。种植时间为2023年3月。种植密度为每列12株,共3列,共36株,每株占地面积约0.5 m2
试验于楚雄州南华县龙川镇张合屯村的烟田及大棚内进行。
叉角厉蝽田间网罩释放试验于烟田中搭建的大棚内展开,以白色防虫网搭建试验大棚,规格为长6 m、宽3 m、高2.2 m。选取叉角厉蝽3~5龄若虫与新羽化1~2日龄的成虫各50头置于带盖的塑料盒(15 cm×21 cm×11 cm)中,于当日19:00在大棚的水平几何中心将装有叉角厉蝽的塑料盒置于地面,缓慢打开盒盖,让其自由扩散。并在释放后第2天7:00开始调查,共调查4次,调查间隔为12 h。调查测量每一头叉角厉蝽所处的空间位置,大棚的东北角作为坐标原点,水平坐标的xy值分别为烟草距东面、北面棚壁的距离,纵坐标的z值为叉角厉蝽距离地面的垂直距离。每个处理重复3次。并于3 d后调查虫数,计算其定殖率。定殖率=(调查时虫数/释放时虫数)×100%。
选择晴朗的天气,于19:00将叉角厉蝽在烟田中心进行释放,使其自然扩散,叉角厉蝽选择的供试虫数、虫龄、工具、释放及调查方法同1.2.1。释放后第2天7:00开始调查测量每一头叉角厉蝽的扩散距离,每个处理重复3次。调查持续到田间无法寻找到叉角厉蝽为止。
利用Excel 2010软件对试验数据进行分析整理,利用DPS 20.0软件对不同虫龄叉角厉蝽的扩散分布数量、扩散系数进行差异显著性和单因素方差分析,利用Origin 2018和Graphpad Prism 8.0.2软件绘图。
扩散系数反映叉角厉蝽在大棚及田间的扩散速度,参考HEINZ[30]的方法计算扩散系数(D),计算公式:
式中,xy为每一头叉角厉蝽的位置坐标,单位为cm;x0y0为叉角厉蝽释放点坐标,单位为cm;t为调查与释放的时间间隔,单位为h;n为调查所得叉角厉蝽虫口数。
叉角厉蝽3龄若虫释放后12~48 h在大棚内各主要区域的空间分布情况见图1表1。释放12 h后,在释放点和周围烟草上的分布较多,虫口数分别为16.67头和19.33头,未充分扩散;释放24 h后,在释放点的平均虫口数下降到9.67头,与释放12 h后相比,释放24 h的扩散较为充分,主要向烟草和防虫网上移动,分布在防虫网上和烟草上的虫口数分别为6.00头和18.67头;在释放36 h后释放点和周围烟草上的分布相较24 h变化不大,虫口数分别为9.00头和19.67头,防虫网上的虫口数为3.33头,相较24 h时有所下降;释放48 h后,3龄若虫扩散较为充分,扩散逐渐趋于稳定,在防虫网和烟草上的虫口数分别为7.67头和11.00头,相较释放12 h后,释放点虫数显著减少,为3.33头,而防虫网上的虫数显著增多,为7.67头。
叉角厉蝽4龄若虫释放后12~48 h在大棚内各主要区域的空间分布情况见图2表1。释放12 h后,释放点的分布较多,虫口数为19.33头,防虫网上的分布较少,仅为2.67头,在烟草上的虫口数为14.67头;释放24 h后的扩散相较12 h时更加充分,从释放点移动到烟草和防虫网上的虫数增多,烟草上的虫口数为17.67头,防虫网上的虫口数为4.00头;释放36 h后,在释放点的分布数量相较12 h时的虫口数,已减少至8.67头,相较24 h,在烟草上的分布虫口数减少至11.67头,防虫网上开始增多,为5.33头;释放48 h后,在释放点的平均虫口数为6.33头,在整个释放过程中,4龄若虫的分布数量相较12 h时,释放点虫口数显著减少,防虫网上和烟草上的数量分布最终趋于稳定。
5龄若虫释放后12~48 h在大棚内各主要区域的空间分布情况见图3表1。释放12 h后,叉角厉蝽基本分布在释放点和周围的烟草上,虫口数分别为24.00头和13.33头,但也有活动能力较强的5龄若虫移动到防虫网上,防虫网上的虫口数为5.67头,另外还有1.67头5龄若虫正在扩散;释放24 h后,叉角厉蝽5龄若虫进一步扩散,向周围的烟草和防虫网上移动,因此在释放点的虫口数开始减少,为13.33头;在扩散过程中,烟草上的虫口数较多,为19.33头。释放36 h后,扩散开始趋于稳定,烟草上的虫口数为20.00头,显著高于同时期的4龄若虫;5龄若虫在释放点的虫口数为9.33头,显著低于12 h的虫口数。释放48 h后,扩散趋于稳定,整个释放过程中,叉角厉蝽5龄若虫主要向烟草移动,并有少数活动能力强的向防虫网移动,仅有5.67头5龄若虫还分布在释放点,此时释放点的虫口数已显著少于释放12 h时。
成虫释放后12~48 h在大棚内各主要区域的空间分布情况见图4表1。在释放12 h后,释放点的仅有2.00头,基本分布在烟草和防虫网上,虫口数分别为24.67头和17.00头;成虫在防虫网上的虫口数显著高于其他龄期,而释放点的虫口数显著小于其他龄期。释放24 h后,相较同时期的5龄若虫,释放点的虫口数显著减少,而防虫网上的虫口数显著高于其他虫龄。释放24 h,叉角厉蝽各虫龄在烟草上的虫口数无显著差异。释放36 h后,主要向防虫网和烟草扩散,释放点仅剩1.00头,扩散比较充分;成虫在防虫网上的虫口数最多,为20.00头,显著高于其他龄期。释放48 h后,扩散趋于稳定,成虫在释放点基本上无分布,而在防虫网上的虫口数最多,为19.33头,显著高于其他虫龄。释放48 h,各虫龄叉角厉蝽在烟草上的虫口数无显著差异。
虫龄是影响叉角厉蝽定殖率的一个重要因素。由图5可知,在释放72 h后,不同虫龄叉角厉蝽在棚内的定殖率存在显著差异。其中4~5龄若虫和成虫的定殖率均显著高于3龄若虫,成虫的定殖率最高且显著高于若虫,4龄和5龄若虫的定殖率无显著差异。不同虫态的定殖率呈递增趋势:3龄(19.00%)<4龄(27.33%)<5龄(29.67%)<成虫(34.00%)。
不同虫龄叉角厉蝽在棚内的扩散系数(扩散速度)如图6A所示。在释放48 h之内,3~5龄若虫在棚内的扩散系数差异不显著,但成虫与3~5龄若虫的扩散系数存在显著差异,其中成虫的扩散系数仅在释放12~24 h时显著高于若虫,在36 h时5龄若虫的扩散系数与成虫无显著差异。
不同虫龄叉角厉蝽在田间的扩散系数(扩散速度)如图6B所示。在释放48 h之内,成虫的扩散系数显著高于若虫,向外扩散的速度高于若虫;在释放后24 h时,5龄若虫的扩散系数相较3龄和4龄若虫有显著差异,而在其他的释放时间,若虫的扩散系数差异不显著。叉角厉蝽在田间释放的扩散系数整体高于棚内,尤其是成虫最明显。
我国拥有十分丰富的天敌昆虫资源,其中叉角厉蝽是一类十分重要的天敌类群,在生物防治中表现出极好的控害能力[31-33],而扩散能力强的天敌昆虫更容易在野外建立并维持种群[34-35],这有助于实现对害虫的持久有效控制,因而了解天敌昆虫的扩散潜力对于评价其控害效能和制定科学的天敌利用方法至关重要[36]
本研究发现,叉角厉蝽的定殖率随虫龄的增长而逐渐提升,随着虫体的发育,叉角厉蝽的生活生存能力不断提高;大棚内的叉角厉蝽在扩散过程中,主要向寄主植物烟草聚集,这种表现行为可能与其在自然生境中依赖隐蔽场所的生态需求密切相关[37];随着时间的推移,叉角厉蝽的扩散距离呈增大趋势,表明时间是影响扩散的一个重要因素,另外花角蚜小蜂(Coccobius azumai[36]、七星瓢虫(Coccinella septempunctata[28]、麦蛾茧蜂(Habrobracon hebetor[38]等天敌昆虫的研究结果也证实时间是影响其扩散距离的一个重要因素。
虫龄是影响昆虫扩散能力的另一个重要因素。本研究结果表明,叉角厉蝽的扩散能力随虫龄的增长呈逐渐升高的趋势,成虫最明显,其中5龄若虫的扩散能力较3龄和4龄若虫稍具优势,本研究结果与前人试验结果[28,39-40]类似。大棚内成虫在防虫网上的虫口数明显多于若虫,且扩散速度在释放后12~24 h内显著强于若虫,田间的扩散速度在整个释放期间均显著强于若虫,其原因可能是成虫的虫体已发育完全,具翅,拥有飞行能力,因此扩散能力更强。为实现叉角厉蝽田间释放的害虫种群控制目标,建议优先选择发育成熟度较高的虫态(如5龄若虫或成虫)以及合适的虫口数进行释放,以期通过精准释放策略实现经济高效、数据可靠的防控效果,为田间的推广应用提供科学支撑。
已有相关研究表明,昆虫扩散能力存在显著的性别差异,如豆大蓟马雌虫的飞行能力显著优于雄虫[41],而某些甲虫则呈现雄虫的飞行性能更优的现象,还需通过性别视角探究其扩散偏差的成因[42]。因此,在后续研究中应加入性别因素,揭示叉角厉蝽雌雄个体的扩散潜能差异,为优化生物防治策略提供依据。综上,本研究尚未明确光照、风速、温度、寄主植物、性别等因素对叉角厉蝽的影响,后续研究可加入这些因素研究叉角厉蝽的扩散行为,另外由于天敌昆虫活动范围较大,难以配备定位装置进行精确追踪,加之田间环境易受气候等环境因素的影响,难以精确测量数据和深入分析[28],而本研究的试验大棚具有一定的田间环境特征,它处于露天的田间位置,土壤条件与周围田间相似,只是通过网罩对部分外界因素进行一定程度的阻隔。因此,本研究主要选择在环境因素较稳定且数据易获取的网罩大棚内进行,后续田间试验可以结合标记重捕、遥感监测与环境建模等综合方法提升研究精度。本研究虽然已在烟田和网罩大棚内同步开展叉角厉蝽的释放与扩散研究,但其田间扩散规律仍需深入探究。
  • 云南省农业基础研究联合专项(202301BD070001-137)
  • 云南省中青年学术和技术带头人后备人才项目(202205AC160077)
  • 云南省烟草公司科技计划项目(2023530000241012)
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2025年第46卷第10期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.10.022
  • 接收时间:2025-03-18
  • 首发时间:2026-03-09
  • 出版时间:2025-10-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-03-18
  • 录用日期:2025-06-17
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云南省农业基础研究联合专项(202301BD070001-137)
云南省中青年学术和技术带头人后备人才项目(202205AC160077)
云南省烟草公司科技计划项目(2023530000241012)
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    1.云南农业大学植物保护学院,云南昆明 650201
    2.云南省烟草公司楚雄州公司,云南楚雄 675000

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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