Article(id=1237814981740253600, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1237814978405790425, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.10.021, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1745683200000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-27, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1747152000000, acceptedDateStr=2025-05-14, onlineDate=1773047689136, onlineDateStr=2026-03-09, pubDate=1761321600000, pubDateStr=2025-10-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773047689136, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773047689136, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773047689136, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1237814978405790425, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, year='2025', volume='46', issue='10', pageStart='2287', pageEnd='2547', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773047688342, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773049212967, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1237821373213635442, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1237814978405790425, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1237821373213635443, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1237814978405790425, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2508, endPage=2519, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1237814982025466274, articleId=1237814981740253600, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=EN, title=Identification of the Pathogen Causing Leaf Blight in Kadsura coccinea and Screening of Effective Fungicides in Laboratory, columnId=1236292524264968282, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, columnName=Plant Protection & Bio-safety, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Kadsura coccinea (Lem.) A. C. Smith, a traditional medicinal plant widely cultivated in South China, has experienced significant yield and quality reductions due to increasing disease incidence in recent years. This study aimed to identify the causal agent of leaf blight disease in K. coccinea and evaluate fungicide efficacy to establish a scientific foundation for pathogen identification and field management. Pathogens were isolated from symptomatic K. coccinea samples collected in Shaoguan, Guangdong and showing browning and necrosis of leaf and stem tips, using tissue isolation and purification methods. Pathogen was clarified by comprehensive identification combined morphological characterization with multi-locus phylogenetic analysis (ITS, rpb2, LSU and tub2). Pathogenicity was confirmed through Koch's postulates, while the indoor toxicity of seven fungicides to the pathogen was determined via mycelial growth inhibition assays. Isolate SGXFD, obtained from the edges of necrotic leaf tissues, was confirmed as the etiological agent through pathogenicity tests. Polyphasic identification classified the pathogen as Didymella segeticola. Fungicide screening revealed dimetachlone as the most effective inhibitor (EC50=1.8210 mg/L), followed by prochloraz (EC50=3.4460 mg/L) and propiconazole (EC50=3.7391 mg/L). Moderate inhibition was observed with difenoconazole (EC50=11.3202 mg/L), tebuconazole (EC50=45.0019 mg/L), and mancozeb (EC50=51.9597 mg/L). Carbendazim demonstrated limited efficacy (<50% inhibition) across tested concentrations (25.0, 50.0, 100.0, 200.0, 400.0 mg/L). This study establishes D. segeticola as the causative agent of K. coccinea leaf blight. Dimetachlone, prochloraz, and propiconazole exhibit significant antifungal activity against this pathogen, recommending the consideration for field application in disease management programs.

, correspAuthors=Meirong XU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*XU Meirong,E-mail:
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黑老虎[Kadsura coccinea(Lem.)A. C. Smith]是华南地区广泛种植的传统药用植物,但近年来病害频发,导致其产量和品质显著下降。本研究旨在明确黑老虎叶枯病的致病菌分类地位,筛选有效杀菌剂,为该病的分子诊断与田间防控提供理论支撑。采用组织分离法对广东省韶关市表现为叶尖和茎尖变褐坏死的黑老虎植株样本的病原菌进行分离,并进一步纯化,结合形态特征和多基因(ITSrpb2LSUtub2)系统发育分析对菌株的种类进行鉴定,利用柯赫氏法则对候选病原菌进行致病性测定,进一步采用菌丝生长速率法测定7种杀菌剂对病原菌的毒力效应。结果表明:从黑老虎病叶中分离并纯化出1株真菌SGXFD,通过致病性测定确定该菌株为黑老虎叶枯病的致病菌,结合形态学特征和多基因联合构建的系统发育进化树分析,将菌株SGXFD鉴定为Didymella segeticola。室内毒力测定结果表明,菌核净对病原菌菌丝生长的抑制作用最强,有效中浓度(EC50)为1.8210 mg/L;其次是咪鲜胺和丙环唑,EC50分别为3.4460、3.7391 mg/L;抑制作用相对较差的是恶醚唑、戊唑醇和代森锰锌,EC50分别为11.3202、45.0019、51.9597 mg/L;而多菌灵在5个测试浓度(25.0、50.0、100.0、200.0、400.0 mg/L)下对该菌的抑菌率均小于50%。本研究发现,黑老虎叶枯病病原菌为D. segeticola,菌核净、咪鲜胺和丙环唑对该病原菌具有较强的抑制作用,可作为黑老虎叶枯病田间防治的候选药剂。

, correspAuthors=许美容, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*许美容,E-mail:
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尹洋(2003—),男,学士,研究方向:植物病理学。

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尹洋(2003—),男,学士,研究方向:植物病理学。

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Sensitivity and resistance detection of Rhizoctonia solani to propiconazole[J]. Journal of Southern Agriculture, 2020, 51(3): 565-570. 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Field efficacy test of several fungicides for control of banana leaf spot disease[J]. South China Fruits, 2011, 40(5): 55-56. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Field efficacy test of several fungicides for control of banana leaf spot disease, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1237814998559412580, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814981740253600, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1986, volume=24, issue=null, pageStart=43, pageEnd=65, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[62], rfOrder=99, authorNames=DAVIDSE L C, journalName=Annual Review of Phytopathology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=DAVIDSE L C. Benzimidazole fungicides: mechanism of action and biological impact[J]. 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Identification and fungicide screening of Didymellaceae leaf spot pathogens on Elymus spp. in alpine grasslands[D]. Lanzhou: Lanzhou University, 2023. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Identification and fungicide screening of Didymellaceae leaf spot pathogens on Elymus spp. in alpine grasslands, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1237814987784246001, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814981740253600, awardId=KTP20240112, language=CN, fundingSource=广东省“百千万工程”科技特派员项目(KTP20240112), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1237814983355060697, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814981740253600, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1237814983359255002, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814981740253600, companyId=1237814983355060697, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1237814983384420829, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814981740253600, companyId=1237814983355060697, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=华南农业大学植物保护学院,广东广州 510642)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1237814986106524304, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814981740253600, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Field symptoms of K. coccinea leave and shoots and pathogenicity assay of isolated strain SGXFD

A: Natually infected leaves in the field; B: Leaf after 3 days post-inoculation with strain SGXFD; C: Blank inoculation on leaf (CK1); D: Naturally infected young stems in the field; E: Stem after 5 days post-inoculation with strain SGXFD; F: Blank inoculation on stem (CK2).

, figureFileSmall=p5bRzub3bE7BfNrQGTJp5g==, figureFileBig=ZXcdRmtmgav7Q8FAVvquOg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1237814986186216085, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814981740253600, language=CN, label=图1, caption=黑老虎的田间发病症状及分离菌株SGXFD的致病性测定

A:田间发病叶片;B:接种菌株SGXFD 3 d后的叶片;C:空白接种的叶片(CK1);D:田间发病嫩茎;E:接种菌株SGXFD 5 d后的茎;F:空白接种的茎(CK2)。

, figureFileSmall=p5bRzub3bE7BfNrQGTJp5g==, figureFileBig=ZXcdRmtmgav7Q8FAVvquOg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1237814986408514212, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814981740253600, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Morphological characteristics of fungal pathogen isolated from K. coccinea

A and B: The obverse view (A) and reverse view (B) of colony morphology on PDA medium; C: Pycnidia produced on inoculated K. coccinea leaves; D: Pycnidia formation on PDA medium; E and F: Microscopic observation of pycnidia (E is longitudinal section, F is surface view); G: Conidia observed under light microscopy.

, figureFileSmall=orjRb9OC2L5XZ4O+HNznLw==, figureFileBig=0rYvjQnxDgYOG6Qqo8sgOQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1237814986576286379, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814981740253600, language=CN, label=图2, caption=目标病原菌的形态学特征

A和B:PDA培养基的菌落正面(A)和反面(B)的形态;C:接种病原菌至黑老虎叶片上产生的分生孢子器;D:PDA培养基上的分生孢子器;E和F:显微镜下观察到的分生孢子器(E为纵切面,F为表面视图);G:显微镜下观察到的分生孢子。

, figureFileSmall=orjRb9OC2L5XZ4O+HNznLw==, figureFileBig=0rYvjQnxDgYOG6Qqo8sgOQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1237814986710504113, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814981740253600, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Phylogenetic tree of strain SGXFD based on ITSrpb2LSU and tub2 genes, figureFileSmall=UqazRu1yAWL3RRqxaoSMBw==, figureFileBig=76+RJwUvxUKU7Qi4K6po9A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1237814986802778805, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814981740253600, language=CN, label=图3, caption=基于ITSrpb2LSUtub2基因构建的菌株SGXFD系统发育进化树, figureFileSmall=UqazRu1yAWL3RRqxaoSMBw==, figureFileBig=76+RJwUvxUKU7Qi4K6po9A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1237814986903442108, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814981740253600, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Inhibition effect of different fungicides on strain SGXFD

Dimetachlone, 1-6 indicates the concentration in the order of 0, 0.31, 0.63, 1.25, 2.50, 5.00 mg/L; Tebuconazole, 1-6 indicates the concentration in the order of 0, 4.00, 8.00, 16.00, 32.00, 64.00 mg/L; Prochloraz, 1-6 indicates the concentration in the order of 0, 0.25, 0.50, 1.00, 2.00, 4.00 mg/L; Difenoconazo, 1-6 indicates the concentration in the order of 0, 0.16, 0.31, 0.63, 1.25, 2.50 mg/L; Propico, 1-6 indicates the concentration in the order of 0, 0.31, 0.63, 1.25, 2.50, 5.00 mg/L; Mancozeb, 1-6 indicates the concentration in the order of 0, 12.50, 25.00, 50.00, 75.00, 100.00 mg/L; Carbendazim, 1-6 indicates the concentration in the order of 0, 25.00, 50.00, 100.00, 200.00, 400.00 mg/L.

, figureFileSmall=Jsar2EWrQOOoxj4c+9B55Q==, figureFileBig=XZvbSxZdFBWllFzd96wfqw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1237814986999911104, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814981740253600, language=CN, label=图4, caption=不同杀菌剂对黑老虎病原菌SGXFD的室内毒力测定结果

菌核净,1~6表示浓度依次为0、0.31、0.63、1.25、2.50、5.00 mg/L;戊唑醇,1~6表示浓度依次为0、4.00、8.00、16.00、32.00、64.00 mg/L;咪鲜胺,1~6表示浓度依次为0、0.25、0.50、1.00、2.00、4.00 mg/L;恶醚唑,1~6表示浓度依次为0、0.16、0.31、0.63、1.25、2.50 mg/L;丙环唑,1~6表示浓度依次为0、0.31、0.63、1.25、2.50、5.00 mg/L;代森锰锌,1~6表示浓度依次为0、12.50、25.00、50.00、75.00、100.00 mg/L;多菌灵,1~6表示浓度依次为0、25.00、50.00、100.00、200.00、400.00 mg/L。

, figureFileSmall=Jsar2EWrQOOoxj4c+9B55Q==, figureFileBig=XZvbSxZdFBWllFzd96wfqw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1237814987100574405, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814981740253600, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Primer sequences used in this experiment

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基因
Gene
引物名称
Primer
引物序列(5ʹ‒3ʹ)
Primer sequence(5ʹ‒3ʹ)
ITSITS1TCCGTAGGTGAACCTGCGG
 ITS4TCCTCCGCTTATTGATATGC
rpb2RPB2-5F2GATGATCGTGATCATTTCGG
 fRPB2-7cRCCCATAGCTTGCTTACCCAT
LSULRORACCCGCTGAACTTAAGC
 LR7TACTACCACCAAGATCT
tub2Btub2FdGTAACACCTTCAGACCGGTCAATG
 Btub4RdCCAGATTGGCCGAATACGAAGTTGTC
), ArticleFig(id=1237814987192849098, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814981740253600, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

试验所用引物序列

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基因
Gene
引物名称
Primer
引物序列(5ʹ‒3ʹ)
Primer sequence(5ʹ‒3ʹ)
ITSITS1TCCGTAGGTGAACCTGCGG
 ITS4TCCTCCGCTTATTGATATGC
rpb2RPB2-5F2GATGATCGTGATCATTTCGG
 fRPB2-7cRCCCATAGCTTGCTTACCCAT
LSULRORACCCGCTGAACTTAAGC
 LR7TACTACCACCAAGATCT
tub2Btub2FdGTAACACCTTCAGACCGGTCAATG
 Btub4RdCCAGATTGGCCGAATACGAAGTTGTC
), ArticleFig(id=1237814987318678227, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814981740253600, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Tested fungicides and concentration settings

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
药剂
Fungicide
含量
Content
浓度Concentration/(mg·L‒1
123456
菌核净(dimetachlone)90%00.310.631.252.505.00
戊唑醇(tebuconazole)97%04.008.0016.0032.0064.00
咪鲜胺(prochloraz)98%00.250.501.002.004.00
恶醚唑(difenoconazo)≥95%00.160.310.631.252.50
丙环唑(propiconazole)97%00.310.631.252.505.00
代森锰锌(mancozeb)90%012.5025.0050.0075.00100.00
多菌灵(carbendazim)98%025.0050.00100.00200.00400.00
), ArticleFig(id=1237814987431924440, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814981740253600, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

供试杀菌剂及浓度设置

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
药剂
Fungicide
含量
Content
浓度Concentration/(mg·L‒1
123456
菌核净(dimetachlone)90%00.310.631.252.505.00
戊唑醇(tebuconazole)97%04.008.0016.0032.0064.00
咪鲜胺(prochloraz)98%00.250.501.002.004.00
恶醚唑(difenoconazo)≥95%00.160.310.631.252.50
丙环唑(propiconazole)97%00.310.631.252.505.00
代森锰锌(mancozeb)90%012.5025.0050.0075.00100.00
多菌灵(carbendazim)98%025.0050.00100.00200.00400.00
), ArticleFig(id=1237814987540976350, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814981740253600, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

Indoor toxicity measurement on 7 fungicides to strain SGXFD

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
药剂
Fungicide
毒力回归方程
Toxicity regression equation
决定系数
R2
有效中浓度(95%置信区间)
EC50(95%FL)/(mg·L‒1
斜率±标准误
Slope±standard error
卡方值(自由度)
χ2df
菌核净Y=2.2813X‒0.59390.9721.8210(1.6843~1.9715)2.2813±0.118310.463(13)
戊唑醇Y=0.7430X‒1.22830.93945.0019(34.9435~63.3931)0.7430±0.08005.412(13)
咪鲜胺Y=0.4542X‒0.24400.9683.4460(2.2649~7.1145)0.4542±0.07771.139(13)
恶醚唑Y=0.3676X‒0.38740.84511.3202(4.5142~100.7793)0.3676±0.08013.901(13)
丙环唑Y=0.7807X‒0.44720.9213.7391(2.9146~5.2299)0.7807±0.08068.357(13)
代森锰锌Y=1.1966X‒2.05300.91051.9597(45.8002~59.6307)1.1966±0.105114.319(13)
), ArticleFig(id=1237814987666805477, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814981740253600, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

7种杀菌剂对菌株SGXFD的室内毒力测定

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
药剂
Fungicide
毒力回归方程
Toxicity regression equation
决定系数
R2
有效中浓度(95%置信区间)
EC50(95%FL)/(mg·L‒1
斜率±标准误
Slope±standard error
卡方值(自由度)
χ2df
菌核净Y=2.2813X‒0.59390.9721.8210(1.6843~1.9715)2.2813±0.118310.463(13)
戊唑醇Y=0.7430X‒1.22830.93945.0019(34.9435~63.3931)0.7430±0.08005.412(13)
咪鲜胺Y=0.4542X‒0.24400.9683.4460(2.2649~7.1145)0.4542±0.07771.139(13)
恶醚唑Y=0.3676X‒0.38740.84511.3202(4.5142~100.7793)0.3676±0.08013.901(13)
丙环唑Y=0.7807X‒0.44720.9213.7391(2.9146~5.2299)0.7807±0.08068.357(13)
代森锰锌Y=1.1966X‒2.05300.91051.9597(45.8002~59.6307)1.1966±0.105114.319(13)
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黑老虎叶枯病病原鉴定及室内防治药剂筛选
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尹洋 , 李雨荷 , 席雨晴 , 杨小娟 , 胡盼盼 , 许美容 *
热带作物学报 | 植物保护与生物安全 2025,46(10): 2508-2519
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热带作物学报 | 植物保护与生物安全 2025, 46(10): 2508-2519
黑老虎叶枯病病原鉴定及室内防治药剂筛选
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尹洋, 李雨荷, 席雨晴, 杨小娟, 胡盼盼, 许美容*
作者信息
  • 华南农业大学植物保护学院,广东广州 510642
  • 尹洋(2003—),男,学士,研究方向:植物病理学。

通讯作者:

*许美容,E-mail:
Identification of the Pathogen Causing Leaf Blight in Kadsura coccinea and Screening of Effective Fungicides in Laboratory
Yang YIN, Yuhe LI, Yuqing XI, Xiaojuan YANG, Panpan HU, Meirong XU*
Affiliations
  • College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
出版时间: 2025-10-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.10.021
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黑老虎[Kadsura coccinea(Lem.)A. C. Smith]是华南地区广泛种植的传统药用植物,但近年来病害频发,导致其产量和品质显著下降。本研究旨在明确黑老虎叶枯病的致病菌分类地位,筛选有效杀菌剂,为该病的分子诊断与田间防控提供理论支撑。采用组织分离法对广东省韶关市表现为叶尖和茎尖变褐坏死的黑老虎植株样本的病原菌进行分离,并进一步纯化,结合形态特征和多基因(ITSrpb2LSUtub2)系统发育分析对菌株的种类进行鉴定,利用柯赫氏法则对候选病原菌进行致病性测定,进一步采用菌丝生长速率法测定7种杀菌剂对病原菌的毒力效应。结果表明:从黑老虎病叶中分离并纯化出1株真菌SGXFD,通过致病性测定确定该菌株为黑老虎叶枯病的致病菌,结合形态学特征和多基因联合构建的系统发育进化树分析,将菌株SGXFD鉴定为Didymella segeticola。室内毒力测定结果表明,菌核净对病原菌菌丝生长的抑制作用最强,有效中浓度(EC50)为1.8210 mg/L;其次是咪鲜胺和丙环唑,EC50分别为3.4460、3.7391 mg/L;抑制作用相对较差的是恶醚唑、戊唑醇和代森锰锌,EC50分别为11.3202、45.0019、51.9597 mg/L;而多菌灵在5个测试浓度(25.0、50.0、100.0、200.0、400.0 mg/L)下对该菌的抑菌率均小于50%。本研究发现,黑老虎叶枯病病原菌为D. segeticola,菌核净、咪鲜胺和丙环唑对该病原菌具有较强的抑制作用,可作为黑老虎叶枯病田间防治的候选药剂。

黑老虎  /  叶枯病  /  病原菌鉴定  /  亚隔孢壳属  /  室内药剂筛选

Kadsura coccinea (Lem.) A. C. Smith, a traditional medicinal plant widely cultivated in South China, has experienced significant yield and quality reductions due to increasing disease incidence in recent years. This study aimed to identify the causal agent of leaf blight disease in K. coccinea and evaluate fungicide efficacy to establish a scientific foundation for pathogen identification and field management. Pathogens were isolated from symptomatic K. coccinea samples collected in Shaoguan, Guangdong and showing browning and necrosis of leaf and stem tips, using tissue isolation and purification methods. Pathogen was clarified by comprehensive identification combined morphological characterization with multi-locus phylogenetic analysis (ITS, rpb2, LSU and tub2). Pathogenicity was confirmed through Koch's postulates, while the indoor toxicity of seven fungicides to the pathogen was determined via mycelial growth inhibition assays. Isolate SGXFD, obtained from the edges of necrotic leaf tissues, was confirmed as the etiological agent through pathogenicity tests. Polyphasic identification classified the pathogen as Didymella segeticola. Fungicide screening revealed dimetachlone as the most effective inhibitor (EC50=1.8210 mg/L), followed by prochloraz (EC50=3.4460 mg/L) and propiconazole (EC50=3.7391 mg/L). Moderate inhibition was observed with difenoconazole (EC50=11.3202 mg/L), tebuconazole (EC50=45.0019 mg/L), and mancozeb (EC50=51.9597 mg/L). Carbendazim demonstrated limited efficacy (<50% inhibition) across tested concentrations (25.0, 50.0, 100.0, 200.0, 400.0 mg/L). This study establishes D. segeticola as the causative agent of K. coccinea leaf blight. Dimetachlone, prochloraz, and propiconazole exhibit significant antifungal activity against this pathogen, recommending the consideration for field application in disease management programs.

Kadsura coccinea  /  leaf blight  /  pathogeny identification  /  Didymella segeticola  /  indoor fungicide screening
尹洋, 李雨荷, 席雨晴, 杨小娟, 胡盼盼, 许美容. 黑老虎叶枯病病原鉴定及室内防治药剂筛选. 热带作物学报, 2025 , 46 (10) : 2508 -2519 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.10.021
Yang YIN, Yuhe LI, Yuqing XI, Xiaojuan YANG, Panpan HU, Meirong XU. Identification of the Pathogen Causing Leaf Blight in Kadsura coccinea and Screening of Effective Fungicides in Laboratory[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2025 , 46 (10) : 2508 -2519 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.10.021
黑老虎[Kadsura coccinea(Lem.)A. C. Smith]是我国南方特有的多年生常绿木质藤本植物,属木兰科南五味子属,是一种传统药用植物,分布于广东、广西、贵州、云南等地。黑老虎主要以根或藤入药,其味辛、微苦、性温,可用于消肿止痛,治胃病、风湿骨痛、跌打瘀痛、妇科病[1-2]。现代药理学研究揭示了其丰富的生物活性,包括但不限于抗氧化、抗肿瘤及抗炎作用[3-6]等功效,近年来,黑老虎在食品、医药等领域展现出重要的应用前景[7-9],极具开发潜力,其经济价值日益得到重视。我国多地开始推广黑老虎人工栽培,随着黑老虎的种植面积逐渐扩大,其病害问题也日益严重,因此开展黑老虎病害病原菌的分离鉴定工作,同时筛选有效的杀菌剂,可为黑老虎病害的鉴定和田间防控提供理论依据,对黑老虎产业的可持续发展具有重要意义。
目前,黑老虎的研究主要聚焦于化学成分分析、药用价值、种质资源开发等领域[10-12],针对黑老虎的病害研究较少,文献已报道的黑老虎病害有炭疽病[13-14]、叶斑病[15-17]、叶枯病[18-19]、枝枯病[19-20]等。其中,梁忠厚等[21]通过调查共发现虫害18种,包括食叶害虫9种,吸汁类害虫7种,蛀干性害虫1种,地下害虫1种,其中食叶害虫以斜纹夜蛾为主,吸汁类害虫以朱砂叶螨为主;病害4种,包括龙纹病、叶枯病、根腐病和叶斑病,其中叶枯病的危害最为严重,其次为龙纹病,但未对引起病害的病原菌进行分离鉴定。江紫薇等[22]通过对引起黑老虎炭疽病的病原菌的鉴定及其室内药剂毒力测定,发现多菌灵、福美双和溴菌腈3种杀菌剂能够有效抑制黑老虎炭疽病的病原菌。ZHONG等[15]对引起黑老虎叶斑病的病原菌进行了鉴定,最终将引起该病害的病原菌鉴定为多主棒孢霉(Corynespora cassiicola)。谢津[23]通过对广西种植园中的黑老虎病叶进行病原菌的鉴定及化学药剂的筛选,确定了引起黑老虎轮斑病的病原菌为棒状新拟盘多毛孢(Neopestalotiopsis clavispora),并发现所测杀菌剂中嘧菌酯的室内抑菌效果虽然一般但大田防治效果最好,可作为该病害流行期的应急防控药剂。石春发等[20]对黔东南地区黑老虎种植基地的黑老虎枝枯病的病原菌进行分离鉴定及其生物学特性的研究,将引起黑老虎枝枯病的病原菌鉴定为小新壳梭孢(Neofusicoccum parvum)。HU等[19]对广东韶关黑老虎果园中的病样进行病原菌的鉴定,明确了镰刀菌(Fusarium concentricum)可引起黑老虎的叶枯、茎枯、花腐和果腐。当前生产实践中,黑老虎病害诊断主要依赖表型观察,对于病原菌种类尚未明确的病害缺乏科学用药的指导和依据。
目前对黑老虎病害的研究大多是围绕其分类、鉴定展开,针对黑老虎病害相关防治药剂的研究较少。前期调查发现,黑老虎叶枯病在种植区危害显著,广东省新丰县黑老虎叶枯病的症状与现有报道存在差异,故需明确其病原种类并筛选高效防控药剂。因此,采用组织分离法对黑老虎叶枯病病原菌进行分离培养并进一步纯化,通过柯赫氏法则进行致病性测定,结合形态学观察及多基因(ITSrpb2LSUtub2)联合的系统发育分析对病原菌进行鉴定,为黑老虎的病原真菌分类提供分子证据;基于黑老虎叶枯病的防治需求,本研究重点评价7种杀菌剂对病原菌的室内毒力,为黑老虎叶枯病的田间防治提供数据支撑。
2023年5月自广东省韶关市新丰县果园(23°59′55ʺN,113°55′13ʺE)随机采集100片具有叶枯症状的黑老虎叶片及50个枯萎的茎尖样品,每个样品采集于不同枝条。将采集的样品分别放入独立的封口袋后置于冰盒内保存,带回实验室于4 ℃冰箱保存供试。
用于致病性测定的黑老虎健康植株由广东省农业科学院果树研究所培育,且与1.1.1中果园内采集的黑老虎为同一品种。
马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂(potato dextrose agar,PDA)培养基成分为去皮马铃薯200 g、葡萄糖20 g、琼脂粉15 g、蒸馏水1 L。
E.Z.N.A® Fungal DNA Kit(Omega Bio-tek公司);Premix Taq[宝日医生物技术(北京)有限公司];PCR D2000 DNA Marker(全式金生物技术有限公司);琼脂糖(Invitrogen生物技术有限公司);DNase/RNase-Free Deionized Water(天根生化科技有限公司);引物[生工生物工程(上海)股份有限公司];无水乙醇、异丙醇、DEPC水(凯阁生物科技有限公司);菌核净(上海麦克林生化科技股份有限公司);戊唑醇(上海阿拉丁生化科技股份有限公司);咪鲜胺(上海阿拉丁生化科技股份有限公司);恶醚唑(上海麦克林生化科技股份有限公司);丙环唑(上海阿拉丁生化科技股份有限公司);代森锰锌(上海麦克林生化科技股份有限公司);多菌灵(上海麦克林生化科技股份有限公司)。本试验所用供试药剂均属于杀菌剂原药,剂型均为粉剂,供试杀菌剂共7种。
SW-CJ-2FD超净工作台(江苏精创电器股份有限公司);通风柜(广州纬欣实验仪器设备有限公司);Sartorius1474电子天平(上海天平仪器厂);‒80 ℃医用低温冰箱(青岛海尔特种电器有限公司);‒20 ℃冰箱(广州誉维生物科技仪器公司);全自动高压灭菌锅HVE-50(Hirayama);Carl Zeiss GmbH 37081体视显微镜(Gottingen);双目体视镜(麦克奥迪实业集团有限公司);DK-8D型电热恒温水槽(上海医用恒温设备厂);PAC300型恒压恒流电泳仪(伯乐生命医学产品有限公司);LabworksTM凝胶成像系统(UVP);高速冷冻离心机Multifuge×1R(赛默飞世尔科技有限公司);NanoDrop核酸浓度测定仪(赛默飞世尔科技有限公司)。
2023年5月自广东省韶关市新丰县果园随机采集具有典型病害症状的黑老虎叶和茎,肉眼观察其病害症状并记录。
采用组织分离法对采集的新鲜黑老虎病叶进行病原菌的分离[24]:在病健交界处用无菌刀片切取大小为5 mm×5 mm的组织块,先用75%酒精消毒处理10 s,再用3%~5%次氯酸钠消毒处理90 s,然后用无菌水冲洗3次(60 s/次)去除表面残留的次氯酸钠,最后置于灭菌滤纸上干燥处理后接种至PDA培养基上,每个PDA平板上接种4~5个组织块,置于28 ℃培箱中培养[25]。经2~3次纯化后,最终获得纯培养的菌株。将纯化后的菌株接种于PDA斜面培养基上,于4 ℃条件下保存备用。
病原菌致病性测定遵循柯赫氏法则。参照石春发等[20]的方法,选取健康幼嫩的黑老虎叶片和茎,用75%乙醇擦拭叶片和茎的表面进行消毒,再用无菌水冲洗干净。使用针刺法将病原菌接种至黑老虎幼嫩的叶片和枝条上,以针刺但不接种病原菌的作为对照,分别为CK1和CK2,在28 ℃条件下进行保湿培养,定期观察并记录发病情况。待接种叶片和茎发病后,随机挑取发病黑老虎叶片和茎病健交界处的组织块再次进行分离、纯化和鉴定,完成柯赫氏法则验证。
将1.2.2中分离纯化的菌株接种于PDA培养基上,置于28 ℃培养箱中培养7 d,观察PDA培养基上菌落的形态特征并在双目体视镜下观察菌落上是否有产孢结构。在显微镜下观察产孢结构和分生孢子的形态特征[26-29],对病原菌进行形态学观察。随机选取20个产孢结构和30个分生孢子,测量其大小并记录其形态特征。
从PDA平板上刮取适量菌丝,根据Fungal DNA Kit试剂盒的说明书提取真菌DNA,使用引物ITS1/ITS4、LROR/LR7、Btub2Fd/Btub4Rd、RPB2-5F2/fRPB2-7cR对所提取真菌DNA的ITSrpb2LSUtub2基因片段进行PCR扩增[30-33]表1),引物由生工生物工程(上海)股份有限公司合成。PCR反应体系:体系共20 µL,DNA模板1 μL、Premix Taq 10 μL、上下游引物各0.5 μL、ddH2O 8 μL。PCR扩增程序:95 ℃预变性1 min;95 ℃变性15 s,55 ℃退火15 s,72 ℃延伸30 s,共35个循环;最后72 ℃延伸10 min。PCR扩增阳性产物经1%琼脂糖凝胶电泳验证后(5 μL/孔),选取目标条带清晰的样本回收后送至生工生物工程(上海)股份有限公司测序。用DNAMAN软件将测得的序列进行拼接获得完整的序列,将拼接的完整序列在NCBI数据库中进行BLAST比对分析,从GenBank数据库中下载与该序列相似度较高的近缘种及其外群的ITSrpb2LSUtub2基因序列,将其与下载的参考序列依次按照ITSrpb2LSUtub2的顺序进行拼接,利用MEGA-X软件基于最大似然法对上述4个基因的联合序列进行系统发育树的构建,Bootstrap重复次数为1000次。
采用菌丝生长速率法测定7种杀菌剂对黑老虎叶斑病病原菌的室内毒力[34-35],供试杀菌剂的浓度设置参照黄宇[36]的方法。在预试验的基础上,选择各杀菌剂对该病原菌菌丝的生长有明显抑制作用的浓度范围[37],将7种杀菌剂按比例稀释到不同质量浓度(表2),分别加入至已灭菌的PDA培养基(冷却至60 ℃)中,充分混匀后倒入培养皿中,用灭菌打孔器于培养7 d且生长状况良好的菌落边缘打取直径为7.0 mm的菌饼,然后将菌饼菌丝面朝下接种至PDA平板的中央,以接种菌饼但不含药剂的PDA平板作为空白对照,每个处理3次重复。置于28 ℃条件下培养5 d左右,待对照菌落直径长至培养皿2/3直径时,采用十字交叉法测量各处理组及对照菌落直径,并计算不同浓度下各杀菌剂对病原菌菌丝生长抑制率。计算公式为:菌丝生长抑制率=[1-(处理组菌落直径-菌饼直径)/(对照组菌落直径-菌饼直径)]×100%。
利用Microsoft Excel 21和IBM SPSS Statistics 25软件对数据进行统计分析,以药剂浓度的对数值为自变量,菌丝生长抑制率为因变量进行回归分析,得到杀菌剂独立回归方程、EC50值、决定系数(R2)和卡方值(2c)。
本研究于2023年5月从广东省韶关市新丰县果园的黑老虎植株上观察到叶片和茎均可见病斑。除HU等[19]所述的镰孢菌造成的症状外,多表现为叶尖大面积枯萎坏死,从叶边缘至叶中脉形成“V”型坏死斑,坏死组织上可见深浅不一的纹路(图1A,该症状占所有发病叶片的36%)。发病初期叶尖出现水渍状病斑,而后逐渐沿叶柄端快速扩展,中脉处的叶枯症状扩展速度较快,病变部位失水,迅速由绿色转为黄褐色,直至大块枯萎和坏死。从上述症状的20片叶片和20个茎的病健交界处组织中分离、纯化病原,100个叶片组织块和40个茎组织块中分别获得61个和18个形态一致的菌株。收集保存其中7株菌株,分别命名为SGXF1、SGXF2、SGXF3、SGXF4、SGXF5、SGXF6和SGXFD。采用针刺法对7株菌株进行致病性测定发现,从叶片上分离的菌株均能够引起黑老虎植株叶片和茎发生病变,其中菌株SGXFD的致病力最强,因此选取菌株SGXFD进行后续研究。接种SGXFD菌株的叶片从伤口处迅速产生湿润的黑褐色病斑,接种3 d后,病变部位扩大至半个叶片,由内而外病斑颜色从黑色至黄褐色,叶片萎蔫坏死并皱缩、畸形(图1B),同时黑褐色病变部位有黑色小粒点和白色的菌丝,而CK1处理的叶片未发病(图1C)。果园的黑老虎植株上观察到枝条末端的黑褐色坏死部略微凹陷、病健交界处可见缢缩,黑色病变区域随后逐渐扩大形成坏死的黑色枯枝(图1D)。接种菌株SGXFD的茎从伤口处开始变黑,随后黑色病斑逐渐向茎的顶端扩展,接种5 d后,接种点上部的茎全部坏死,在病变部位有少量的白色菌丝状物产生(图1E),CK2处理的茎亦未见病变(图1F)。对接种这7株菌株后发病的叶片和茎进行再分离,均可获得与接种菌株形态学特征一致的菌落,根据柯赫式法则,确定这些菌株是危害黑老虎的病原菌。
菌株SGXFD的菌落在PDA培养基上最初呈蓬松的白色绒毛状,边缘整齐,菌落呈圆形,气生菌丝发达,菌落颜色逐渐由白色变成灰绿色,中央颜色逐渐变深,生长7 d后,菌落正面呈灰绿色绒毛状,背面中央呈黑色,高度为5~8 mm(图2A图2B)。分生孢子器生于接种处理的黑老虎叶片表皮或半埋于表皮下(图2C);病原菌经较长时间培养后(超过14 d),亦可产生分生孢子器(图2D)。分生孢子器呈黑褐色,球形或近球形,有乳突,具孔口,单生或聚生,分生孢子器由2~3层拟薄壁细胞构成,初期呈浅褐色,后期变为深褐色,大小为(109.33~166.75)µm×(122.42~172.37)µm(平均141.06 µm×154.35 µm,n=20),分生孢子器被压破后可见分生孢子从中溢出(图2E图2F)。分生孢子呈椭圆形或卵形,无色透明,光滑、无隔膜,具有0~3个油球,大小为(3.98~6.99)µm×(2.06~2.95)µm(平均4.89 µm×2.48 µm,n=30)(图2G)。
对SGXFD的ITSrpb2LSUtub2基因进行扩增与测序,获得的序列长度分别为535、1097、1322、386 bp,将其分别提交至GenBank中,获得的基因序列登录号分别为PP783558、PQ058291、PQ084643、PQ106577。在NCBI数据库中进行同源性比对,下载与其相似性较高的序列及其近缘属的序列,使用MEGAX软件中最大似然法构建的系统发育树,结果显示,SGXFD与Didymella segeticola聚为1个进化支(图3),且支持率为97%。结合形态学特征和分子鉴定结果,最终将危害黑老虎的病原菌鉴定为D. segeticola
将7种杀菌剂按比例稀释至不同质量浓度后进行毒力测定(图4)。7种杀菌剂对黑老虎病原菌SGXFD的室内毒力测试数据显示,除多菌灵外,其余6种杀菌剂均表现出不同程度的抑菌作用(图4表3)。多菌灵在最高浓度时表现出微弱的抑制效果(抑制率未达50%),低浓度时也无明显抑制作用,因此未计算其毒力回归方程及EC50。供试杀菌剂中菌核净、咪鲜胺和丙环唑的抑制效果均较为明显,EC50值分别为1.8210、3.4460、3.7391 mg/L,均小于5.0000 mg/L,说明黑老虎病原菌SGXFD对这几种杀菌剂较敏感;而戊唑醇、恶醚唑和代森锰锌对黑老虎病原菌SGXFD的EC50均大于10.0000 mg/L,说明该病原菌对这几种杀菌剂的敏感性均较差。7种杀菌剂中抑制作用最强的为菌核净,EC50值为1.8210 mg/L。7种杀菌剂对黑老虎病原菌SGXFD的抑制效果排序依次为菌核净>咪鲜胺>丙环唑>恶醚唑>戊唑醇>代森锰锌>多菌灵。以上结果表明,菌核净、咪鲜胺和丙环唑在理论上可作为防治黑老虎叶枯病病原菌SGXFD的候选杀菌剂。
亚隔孢壳属(Didymella)真菌寄主范围广,可引起多种植物病害的发生,症状通常表现为叶部和茎部的病斑并产生分生孢子器[38]。已有研究表明,病原菌D. segeticola可引起多种植物的病害,CHEN等[39]于2015年首次从刺儿菜(Cirsium segetum)叶片分离得到真菌Phoma segeticola,2017年被重新修订为D. segeticola[40],2016年赵晓珍等[41]从茶树(Camellia sinensis)上分离到病原菌D. segeticola,2019年GUO等[42]从烟草(Nicotiana tabacum L.)叶上分离到病原菌D. segeticola,2021年AN等[43]从缫丝花(Rosa roxburghii)叶片上也分离到了病原菌D. segeticola。本研究首次确定黑老虎(K. coccinea)是病原菌D. segeticola的寄主,扩展了该菌的寄主范围。黑老虎具有抗氧化、抗肿瘤、抗病毒、抗肝纤维化等作用,其活性成分(如木脂素类、三萜类化合物)具有重要的潜在药用价值[44],但在黑老虎规模化种植过程中,时常受到多种病原菌的侵染,致使黑老虎的产量及药用价值显著下降,因此及时有效地防治引起黑老虎病害的病原菌对于黑老虎的产量和品质至关重要。
化学杀菌剂是目前防治Didymella属病原真菌的主要手段。本研究筛选出菌核净、咪鲜胺和丙环唑3种杀菌剂对黑老虎病原菌SGXFD具有较好的抑制效果,可作为防治此病害的候选药剂,但不推荐使用多菌灵防治该病害。其中,菌核净是一种二甲酰亚胺类的保护性杀菌剂,具有广谱、高效、内吸性、低残留、持效期长等特点,对水稻纹枯病[45]、油菜菌核病[46]、烟草赤星病[47]等均有较好的防治效果,二甲酰亚胺类杀菌剂主要作用位点被认为可能是渗透感应信号通路中的双组分组氨酸激酶(histidine kinase,HK),也可能是与HK相关的其他分子[48-49],本研究中菌核净的抑菌效果最为明显,可能与该类杀菌剂对病原菌D. segeticola的HK相关作用位点的结合能力较强有关;咪鲜胺属于咪唑类杀菌剂,可通过抑制麦角甾醇生物合成关键酶CYP51的活性,阻碍麦角甾醇的合成,破坏细胞膜的结构,同时使麦角甾醇毒性前体物质在细胞中不断累积,从而达到抑菌目的[50],该杀菌剂能有效防治由子囊菌和半知菌引起的多种作物病害[51],可用于防治油菜菌核病[52]、水稻恶苗病[53]、花生褐斑病[54]等病害;丙环唑是一种三唑类的保护性杀菌剂,其通过抑制C14位上的α-脱甲基反应,阻断麦角甾醇合成并积累毒性中间体,破坏细胞膜功能,从而发挥抑菌作用[55-56],具有广谱、活性强、内吸性强、持续时间长等特点,可防治由担子菌、子囊菌及半知菌三大亚门真菌所引起的病害[57-58],例如水稻纹枯病[59]、小麦赤霉病[60]、香蕉叶斑病[61]等。多菌灵属于苯并咪唑类杀菌剂(MBCs),该类杀菌剂通过与β-微管蛋白特异性结合,阻碍微管的组装,破坏纺锤体的形成,进而抑制病原菌的有丝分裂[62]。本研究中多菌灵对黑老虎病原菌SGXFD的抑制效果不明显,可能与多菌灵的单一作用于β-微管蛋白及病原菌β-微管蛋白基因发生突变导致抗性产生有关。黄宇[36]测定8种杀菌剂对烟草病原菌D. segeticola的室内毒力,结果表明菌核净、咪鲜胺和丙环唑对该病原菌均有较强的抑制效果;刘佳奇[63]测定了5种不同类型的杀菌剂对披碱草6株亚隔孢壳科病原菌的室内毒力,结果显示,对这6株亚隔孢壳科病原菌毒力最强的杀菌剂均为30%苯甲·丙环唑,以上研究结果与本研究得出的结果相似。本研究采用菌丝生长速率法测定不同杀菌剂对黑老虎病原菌D. segeticola的室内毒力,为提高黑老虎的产量和品质奠定一定的基础,但室内的环境与外界田间环境存在较大差异,后续研究中应进一步在田间测定菌核净、咪鲜胺和丙环唑的药效,同时预测其抗药性风险,为黑老虎病害的防治提供理论依据。
通过形态学和多基因联合系统发育分析,确定引起广东省黑老虎叶枯病病原菌为D. segeticola,首次报道其侵染黑老虎。室内毒力测定表明,菌核净、咪鲜胺和丙环唑对病原菌抑制效果显著,可作为防治黑老虎叶枯病的候选药剂;而多菌灵抑制率低于50%,不推荐使用该药剂进行防治。研究结果为黑老虎叶枯病的科学诊断及田间防控提供了理论依据,但需进一步验证田间药效及监测抗药性风险。
  • 广东省“百千万工程”科技特派员项目(KTP20240112)
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2025年第46卷第10期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.10.021
  • 接收时间:2025-04-27
  • 首发时间:2026-03-09
  • 出版时间:2025-10-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-04-27
  • 录用日期:2025-05-14
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广东省“百千万工程”科技特派员项目(KTP20240112)
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    华南农业大学植物保护学院,广东广州 510642

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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