Article(id=1237814981371154843, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1237814978405790425, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.10.003, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1738857600000, receivedDateStr=2025-02-07, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1748966400000, acceptedDateStr=2025-06-04, onlineDate=1773047689048, onlineDateStr=2026-03-09, pubDate=1761321600000, pubDateStr=2025-10-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773047689048, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773047689048, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773047689048, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1237814978405790425, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, year='2025', volume='46', issue='10', pageStart='2287', pageEnd='2547', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773047688342, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773049212967, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1237821373213635442, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1237814978405790425, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1237821373213635443, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1237814978405790425, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2314, endPage=2322, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1237814981652173215, articleId=1237814981371154843, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=EN, title=Cloning and Functional Research of Carbonic Anhydrase CA Gene in Cassava, columnId=1236256430337085821, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, columnName=Omics & Biotechnology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Carbonic anhydrase (CA) plays an important role in the photosynthesis of plants and response to stress. Cassava CA gene was cloned using the cDNA of SC124 as template. The CDS length of MeCA was 1008 nt, encoding 336 amino acids. The homology was 99.70% between the cloned sequence and Manes.15G167500.1 in the database. The evolutionary tree resulted that MeCA belonged to the same branch as the AtβCA subfamily of Arabidopsis. The sequence similarity between MeCA and AtβCA1 protein reached 73.13% and contained identical motif. MeCA gene expression was the highest in functional leaves, followed in young leaves, significantly higher in fibrous roots and stems, and significantly down-regulated in shading stressed cassava leaves. In addition, the gene showed significant upregulated expression in the initial stage, and then it dropped to the control level when cassava leaves were treated with low temperature. This study created transgenic cassava with overexpression of MeCA gene, and observed that MeCA protein was localized in chloroplasts, and the contents of various chlorophyll were significantly higher in the leaves of transgenic plants than that of control. The results of yeast two-hybrid point-to-point experiments showed that MeCA protein interacted with MeH1.2. The result indicated that MeCA gene could respond to light and low temperature stresses, and maight participate in plant response to stress by affecting plant growth interacting with MeH1.2 proteins. This study would provide a new gene resource for genetic improvement of cassava resistance.

, correspAuthors=Mengbin RUAN, Pingjuan ZHAO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*ZHAO Pingjuan,E-mail:;
RUAN Mengbin,E-mail:
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碳酸酐酶(carbonic anhydrase,CA)在植物的光合作用和逆境应答中起着重要作用。本研究以木薯品种华南124的cDNA为模板,克隆到1个MeCA基因,其CDS全长为1008 nt,编码336个氨基酸,克隆序列与数据库中Manes.15G167500.1的同源性达到99.70%。系统发育进化树显示,MeCA与拟南芥的AtβCA亚家族属于同一个分支,与AtβCA1蛋白的序列相似性达到73.13%,并含有完全相同的motif。MeCA基因的表达量在功能叶中最高,其次为幼嫩叶,均显著高于须根和茎,并在遮光胁迫的木薯叶片中显著下调表达。此外,木薯叶片经低温处理后,MeCA基因在初期表现出显著上调表达,而后下降到对照水平。本研究创制了过量表达MeCA基因的转基因木薯,并观察到MeCA蛋白定位于叶绿体,转基因株系叶片中的各种叶绿素含量显著高于对照。同时,酵母双杂交点对点试验结果显示MeCA与MeH1.2蛋白互作。本研究结果表明,MeCA基因可以响应光和低温胁迫,并可能通过影响植物生长或与MeH1.2蛋白互作,参与植物对胁迫的响应过程。此研究为木薯抗逆遗传改良提供新基因资源和材料。

, correspAuthors=阮孟斌, 赵平娟, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*赵平娟,E-mail:;
阮孟斌,E-mail:
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王梦月(2000—),女,硕士,研究方向:作物抗逆机理。

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王梦月(2000—),女,硕士,研究方向:作物抗逆机理。

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王梦月(2000—),女,硕士,研究方向:作物抗逆机理。

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Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences / National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1237814983577358824, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814981371154843, companyId=1237814983552192997, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.中国热带农业科学院热带生物技术研究所/热带作物生物育种国家重点实验室,海南海口 571101)])]), Author(id=1237814984403636770, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814981371154843, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1237814984487522855, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814981371154843, authorId=1237814984403636770, language=EN, stringName=Xiuchun ZHANG, firstName=Xiuchun, middleName=null, lastName=ZHANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1. 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Effects of heterologous expression of ZmCAs on photosynthetic rate and tomato fruit qualit[D]. Hefei: Anhui Agricultural University, 2023. (in chinese), articleTitle=Effects of heterologous expression of ZmCAs on photosynthetic rate and tomato fruit qualit, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1237814992326676552, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814981371154843, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=57, issue=6, pageStart=366, pageEnd=374, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[33], rfOrder=38, authorNames=JIANG C Y, THOLEN D, XU J, XIN C P, ZHANG H, ZHU X G, ZHAO Y X, journalName=Journal of Plant Biology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=JIANG C Y, THOLEN D, XU J, XIN C P, ZHANG H, ZHU X G, ZHAO Y X. Increased expression of mitochondria-localized carbonic anhydrase activity resulted in an increased biomass accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana[J]. Journal of Plant Biology, 2014, 57(6): 366-374., articleTitle=Increased expression of mitochondria-localized carbonic anhydrase activity resulted in an increased biomass accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1237814988111401737, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814981371154843, awardId=321RC1095; 323RC538, language=CN, fundingSource=海南省自然科学基金项目(321RC1095; 323RC538), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1237814988216259342, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814981371154843, awardId=32472190, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金面上项目(32472190), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1237814983552192997, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814981371154843, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1237814983564775910, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814981371154843, companyId=1237814983552192997, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences / National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1237814983577358824, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814981371154843, companyId=1237814983552192997, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.中国热带农业科学院热带生物技术研究所/热带作物生物育种国家重点实验室,海南海口 571101)]), AuthorCompany(id=1237814983640273388, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814981371154843, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1237814983648661998, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814981371154843, companyId=1237814983640273388, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1237814983657050607, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814981371154843, companyId=1237814983640273388, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.海南大学热带农林学院,海南海口 570228)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1237814986249130650, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814981371154843, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Sequence characteristics of MeCA gene and protein

A: Sequence characteristics of MeCA gene; B: Sequence characteristics of MeCA protein; C: The alternative splicing of MeCA gene in cassava.

, figureFileSmall=4wCsVx4KuZ8knCTm0HQcKw==, figureFileBig=vP45LUvdBKAgThmSxS86WA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1237814986366571170, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814981371154843, language=CN, label=图1, caption=MeCA基因和蛋白的序列特征

A:MeCA基因序列特征;B:MeCA蛋白序列特征;C:木薯MeCA基因可变剪切图。

, figureFileSmall=4wCsVx4KuZ8knCTm0HQcKw==, figureFileBig=vP45LUvdBKAgThmSxS86WA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1237814986702115502, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814981371154843, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Bioinformatics analysis of MeCA and CA proteins in A. thaliana

A: Phylogenetic evolution of MeCA and CA proteins in A. thaliana; B: Sequence comparisons of MeCA and AtβCA1 proteins; C: Motif analysis of MeCA and AtβCA1 proteins.

, figureFileSmall=cwdjjpy8T4n3PpGM1kEZJw==, figureFileBig=nSEIlewl/z81wO4reSRbuQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1237814986802778806, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814981371154843, language=CN, label=图2, caption=MeCA和拟南芥CA家族蛋白的生物信息学分析

A:MeCA和拟南芥CA家族蛋白系统进化树;B:MeCA和AtβCA1蛋白序列比较;C:MeCA和AtβCA1蛋白motif分析。

, figureFileSmall=cwdjjpy8T4n3PpGM1kEZJw==, figureFileBig=nSEIlewl/z81wO4reSRbuQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1237814986903442109, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814981371154843, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Tissue expression specificity of MeCA and expression patterns under different treatments

* indicates significant difference (P<0.05), ** indicates extremely significant difference (P<0.01).

, figureFileSmall=BnTNmezrm3jZFI8ANgKrEw==, figureFileBig=qB19LWCu4DIDaVWBlfeLHA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1237814986995716800, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814981371154843, language=CN, label=图3, caption=木薯MeCA基因的组织特异性表达和对不同胁迫的响应模式

*表示差异显著(P<0.05),**表示差异极显著(P<0.01)。

, figureFileSmall=BnTNmezrm3jZFI8ANgKrEw==, figureFileBig=qB19LWCu4DIDaVWBlfeLHA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1237814987100574406, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814981371154843, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=PCR detection of cassava transgenic plants, figureFileSmall=9a+iJ1tomAL+8ByWQN6rAg==, figureFileBig=4c0Q6Q9da+Whaqp1Hjk3Fg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1237814987192849096, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814981371154843, language=CN, label=图4, caption=木薯转基因株系的PCR检测

M: DL2000 DNA marker.

, figureFileSmall=9a+iJ1tomAL+8ByWQN6rAg==, figureFileBig=4c0Q6Q9da+Whaqp1Hjk3Fg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1237814987280929489, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814981371154843, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Subcellular localization of MeCA protein in cassava, figureFileSmall=GWTKfyWflGhkcgDiBYLMyA==, figureFileBig=f7pPH3ZdySDMJWDIHuIyJA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1237814987369009877, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814981371154843, language=CN, label=图5, caption=MeCA蛋白在木薯中的亚细胞定位, figureFileSmall=GWTKfyWflGhkcgDiBYLMyA==, figureFileBig=f7pPH3ZdySDMJWDIHuIyJA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1237814987452895964, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814981371154843, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=Chlorophyll content of MeCA transgenic and wild-type cassava leaves

* indicates significant difference (P<0.05), ** indicates extremely significant difference (P<0.01), ns indicates no significant difference.

, figureFileSmall=MC9E6Bc/SW5j29lKa/DCMw==, figureFileBig=mkaHzVTaiRVBSb84B9bhYQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1237814987536782046, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814981371154843, language=CN, label=图6, caption=MeCA转基因和野生型木薯叶片叶绿素含量

*表示差异显著(P<0.05),**表示差异极显著(P<0.01),ns表示差异不显著。

, figureFileSmall=MC9E6Bc/SW5j29lKa/DCMw==, figureFileBig=mkaHzVTaiRVBSb84B9bhYQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1237814987670999782, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814981371154843, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=Relationship between MeCA and MeH1.2 proteins was verified by Y2H, figureFileSmall=jKcOfTdslHY9uawXRXK/gw==, figureFileBig=eoTmlfyj9KQksRxsL4yveA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1237814987767468782, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814981371154843, language=CN, label=图7, caption=Y2H验证MeCA与MeH1.2蛋白间的互作关系, figureFileSmall=jKcOfTdslHY9uawXRXK/gw==, figureFileBig=eoTmlfyj9KQksRxsL4yveA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1237814987855549172, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814981371154843, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Primer sequence used in this study

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
引物名称
Primer name
引物序列(5'-3')
Primer sequence(5'-3')
用途
Usage
MeCA-Fatgtcgacggcttcgattaacg基因克隆
MeCA-Rgagcttccaatgaagtatggtg 
1300-MeCA-Ftgatacatatgcccgtcgacatgtcgacggcttcgattaacg植物表达载体
1300-MeCA-Rctcaccatggatccggtaccgagcttccaatgaagtatggtg 
Actin1-Ftggattctggtgatggtgtgagt内参基因
Actin1-Rccgttcagcagtggtggtga 
MeCA-Q-FcgacggcttcgattaacggcqRT-PCR
MeCA-Q-Rtcaatggcctcctcgtacga 
H1.2-PGBKT7-Xtctagaatggccgactctgaagttcaggct酵母文库筛选
H1.2-PGBKT7-Bggatcctttcttcgccttcttcgctgtc
MeCA-AD-FccatggaggccagtgaattcatgtcgacggcttcgattaacY2H载体
MeCA-AD-Ragctcgagctcgatggatccctagagcttccaatgaagtatg 
GFP-306-Fggacgacggcaactacaaga转基因检测
GFP- 519-Rttcgatgttgtggcggatct
), ArticleFig(id=1237814987952018171, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814981371154843, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

本研究所用引物序列

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
引物名称
Primer name
引物序列(5'-3')
Primer sequence(5'-3')
用途
Usage
MeCA-Fatgtcgacggcttcgattaacg基因克隆
MeCA-Rgagcttccaatgaagtatggtg 
1300-MeCA-Ftgatacatatgcccgtcgacatgtcgacggcttcgattaacg植物表达载体
1300-MeCA-Rctcaccatggatccggtaccgagcttccaatgaagtatggtg 
Actin1-Ftggattctggtgatggtgtgagt内参基因
Actin1-Rccgttcagcagtggtggtga 
MeCA-Q-FcgacggcttcgattaacggcqRT-PCR
MeCA-Q-Rtcaatggcctcctcgtacga 
H1.2-PGBKT7-Xtctagaatggccgactctgaagttcaggct酵母文库筛选
H1.2-PGBKT7-Bggatcctttcttcgccttcttcgctgtc
MeCA-AD-FccatggaggccagtgaattcatgtcgacggcttcgattaacY2H载体
MeCA-AD-Ragctcgagctcgatggatccctagagcttccaatgaagtatg 
GFP-306-Fggacgacggcaactacaaga转基因检测
GFP- 519-Rttcgatgttgtggcggatct
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木薯碳酸酐酶CA基因的克隆和功能研究
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王梦月 1, 2 , 李文彬 1 , 张秀春 1 , 于晓玲 1 , 阮孟斌 1, * , 赵平娟 1, *
热带作物学报 | 组学与生物技术 2025,46(10): 2314-2322
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热带作物学报 | 组学与生物技术 2025, 46(10): 2314-2322
木薯碳酸酐酶CA基因的克隆和功能研究
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王梦月1, 2, 李文彬1, 张秀春1, 于晓玲1, 阮孟斌1, * , 赵平娟1, *
作者信息
  • 1.中国热带农业科学院热带生物技术研究所/热带作物生物育种国家重点实验室,海南海口 571101
  • 2.海南大学热带农林学院,海南海口 570228
  • 王梦月(2000—),女,硕士,研究方向:作物抗逆机理。

通讯作者:

*赵平娟,E-mail:;
阮孟斌,E-mail:
Cloning and Functional Research of Carbonic Anhydrase CA Gene in Cassava
Mengyue WANG1, 2, Wenbin LI1, Xiuchun ZHANG1, Xiaoling YU1, Mengbin RUAN1, * , Pingjuan ZHAO1, *
Affiliations
  • 1. Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences / National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China
  • 2. School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
出版时间: 2025-10-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.10.003
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碳酸酐酶(carbonic anhydrase,CA)在植物的光合作用和逆境应答中起着重要作用。本研究以木薯品种华南124的cDNA为模板,克隆到1个MeCA基因,其CDS全长为1008 nt,编码336个氨基酸,克隆序列与数据库中Manes.15G167500.1的同源性达到99.70%。系统发育进化树显示,MeCA与拟南芥的AtβCA亚家族属于同一个分支,与AtβCA1蛋白的序列相似性达到73.13%,并含有完全相同的motif。MeCA基因的表达量在功能叶中最高,其次为幼嫩叶,均显著高于须根和茎,并在遮光胁迫的木薯叶片中显著下调表达。此外,木薯叶片经低温处理后,MeCA基因在初期表现出显著上调表达,而后下降到对照水平。本研究创制了过量表达MeCA基因的转基因木薯,并观察到MeCA蛋白定位于叶绿体,转基因株系叶片中的各种叶绿素含量显著高于对照。同时,酵母双杂交点对点试验结果显示MeCA与MeH1.2蛋白互作。本研究结果表明,MeCA基因可以响应光和低温胁迫,并可能通过影响植物生长或与MeH1.2蛋白互作,参与植物对胁迫的响应过程。此研究为木薯抗逆遗传改良提供新基因资源和材料。

CA基因  /  木薯  /  抗逆  /  叶绿素含量

Carbonic anhydrase (CA) plays an important role in the photosynthesis of plants and response to stress. Cassava CA gene was cloned using the cDNA of SC124 as template. The CDS length of MeCA was 1008 nt, encoding 336 amino acids. The homology was 99.70% between the cloned sequence and Manes.15G167500.1 in the database. The evolutionary tree resulted that MeCA belonged to the same branch as the AtβCA subfamily of Arabidopsis. The sequence similarity between MeCA and AtβCA1 protein reached 73.13% and contained identical motif. MeCA gene expression was the highest in functional leaves, followed in young leaves, significantly higher in fibrous roots and stems, and significantly down-regulated in shading stressed cassava leaves. In addition, the gene showed significant upregulated expression in the initial stage, and then it dropped to the control level when cassava leaves were treated with low temperature. This study created transgenic cassava with overexpression of MeCA gene, and observed that MeCA protein was localized in chloroplasts, and the contents of various chlorophyll were significantly higher in the leaves of transgenic plants than that of control. The results of yeast two-hybrid point-to-point experiments showed that MeCA protein interacted with MeH1.2. The result indicated that MeCA gene could respond to light and low temperature stresses, and maight participate in plant response to stress by affecting plant growth interacting with MeH1.2 proteins. This study would provide a new gene resource for genetic improvement of cassava resistance.

CA gene  /  cassava  /  stress resistance  /  chlorophyll content
王梦月, 李文彬, 张秀春, 于晓玲, 阮孟斌, 赵平娟. 木薯碳酸酐酶CA基因的克隆和功能研究. 热带作物学报, 2025 , 46 (10) : 2314 -2322 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.10.003
Mengyue WANG, Wenbin LI, Xiuchun ZHANG, Xiaoling YU, Mengbin RUAN, Pingjuan ZHAO. Cloning and Functional Research of Carbonic Anhydrase CA Gene in Cassava[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2025 , 46 (10) : 2314 -2322 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.10.003
木薯(Manihot esculenta Crantz)是世界第六大粮食作物,是世界近10亿人口日常生活所需热量的主要来源,在热带发展中国家和地区的粮食供应中发挥重要作用[1]。我国已经成为世界第一大木薯进口国,木薯进口量远大于其他各类热带农产品[2]。我国木薯需求量大,但干旱、低温、病虫害等逆境常导致木薯产量显著下降或者绝收[3]。因此,挖掘木薯抗逆基因资源,为进一步开展抗逆优良种质的培育和产业应用提供依据。
碳酸酐酶(carbonic anhydrase,CA)最初是在红细胞中发现的[4],但后来在包括藻类、动物、植物、古细菌和真细菌在内的大多数生物中均有发现[5-8]。CA是一种与光合作用密切相关的金属酶,能够高效可逆地催化CO2-与HCO3-之间的转化,是CO2浓缩机制的重要组分,已证明其参与许多真核生物的生长和发育过程,如光合作用、呼吸作用、二氧化碳和离子运输、钙离子和酸碱平衡[9-10]等。在普通烟草中至少含有9个α和6个β亚家族成员,烟草α亚家族成员在细胞壁、细胞膜、线粒体、叶绿体、细胞质等细胞器中均有分布,而β家族成员均存在于叶绿体中[11]。研究表明拟南芥有8个α基因(AtαCA1-8),6个β基因(AtβCA1-6[12]和3个γ基因(AtγCA1-3[13]。CA在高浓度CO2环境中活性下降,在低浓度CO2环境中活性上升,能够在一定程度上维持光合速率的相对稳定。因此,在植物遭受环境胁迫,导致气孔开度减小,造成叶肉细胞的CO2浓度低于正常水平,影响光合作用的正常进行时,CA能够发挥重要作用,有助于保持光合稳定性[14]
尽管CA的重要作用早已被认可,但相关研究主要集中在碳酸酐酶的蛋白质分子结构、酶学特性、进化分类、参与植物和藻类等光合生物的光合作用机制方面[15],其他功能和作用机理的研究均很少。连接组蛋白(Histone H1)作为连接核小体与DNA的重要“桥梁”,在调控基因表达方面具有重要作用[16]MeHISTONE1.2MeH1.2)基因是编码木薯连接组蛋白的基因之一,过表达该基因会影响转基因木薯的发育。前期筛库发现木薯碳酸酐酶蛋白MeCA(ID: Manes.15G167500.1)是与MeH1.2互作的候选蛋白之一[17-18],该基因可能参与木薯抗逆反应。本研究拟开展MeCA基因的克隆和功能鉴定等工作,以便为抗逆优良木薯种质的培育和田间推广应用提供基础。
木薯品种华南124号(SC124)种茎、华南8号(SC8)愈伤组织、H1.2-PGBKT7载体等均由中国热带农业科学院热带生物技术研究所提供。
所用试剂盒和分子生物学相关试剂分别购于天根生化科技(北京)有限公司和生工生物工程(上海)有限公司。其他试剂均为国产分析纯。
根据Manes.15G167500.1基因的CDS序列设计引物(表1),以SC124的cDNA为模版,PCR扩增得到MeCA基因编码区全长序列。利用在线分析工具ExPAS-yprotparam tool(https://web.expasy.org/)获得MeCA预测编码蛋白的相对分子量、等电点、不稳定指数、脂溶系数等信息,通过https://www.novopro.cn/tools/在线分析蛋白跨膜区和蛋白信号肽,通过https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Structure/cdd/预测蛋白的保守结构域。利用WOLFPSORT(https://wolfpsort.hgcj.p/)在线软件对MeCA蛋白的亚细胞定位进行预测。
根据拟南芥碳酸酐酶家族蛋白AtβCA1-AtβCA6,AtαCA1-AtαCA7[12],AtγCA1和AtγCA2[13]的ID下载蛋白序列,利用MEGA 11软件构建MeCA与拟南芥CA家族基因的进化树,利用ClustalW(https://www.genome.jp/tools-bin/clustalw)比较拟南芥CA和MeCA的蛋白序列,利用MEME(https://memesuite.org/)在线软件分析蛋白的保守基序(motif)。
为了研究MeCA基因的组织表达特异性和对光照的响应模式,采集种植在文昌实验基地近一年的SC124木薯的根、茎、完全展开的功能叶和幼嫩叶作为组织特异性表达的材料。选择顶端有分枝的木薯苗,一个分枝用50%的遮荫网包裹,另一个分枝在正常光下生长(对照),遮荫网包裹分别持续30、120 min,不同处理各设3个生物学重复。
将含有2个以上腋芽的20~30 cm的SC124茎段扦插在装有混合基质(细砂∶蛭石=3∶1)的塑料花盆中,于恒温恒湿温室(光照16 h/黑暗8 h,30 ℃,湿度70%)中培养50 d。将幼苗在4 ℃低温下进行处理,分别在0.5、1、3、12 h采集第三、四片叶(新形成的功能叶),以25 ℃培养为对照。各处理设置3个生物学重复。
根据序列特异性设计引物(表1)。使用RNA prep Pure Plant Plus Kit试剂盒(DP441)提取RNA,利用Fastking gDNA dispelling RT SuperMix反转录试剂盒(KP118)得到cDNA。按照SYBR® Premix Ex Taq II Kit试剂盒(FP202-02)说明书在StepOne Real-Time PCR系统(Applied Biosystems one)上进行qRT-PCR分析。每个qRT-PCR样品设置3个技术重复。
为了研究MeCA基因的功能,根据MeCA基因序列特征,去掉终止子,设计引物(表1),利用无缝克隆法将MeCA编码区插入到35S:eGFP:pGAMBIA1300植物表达载体35S启动子后,使MeCA与GFP融合表达,构建35S:MeCA:eGFP:pGAMBIA1300植物表达载体。将测序正确的质粒转化农杆菌感受态细胞LBA4404,备用。利用SC8木薯脆性愈伤悬浮细胞,使用农杆菌转化方法,将上述植物表达载体转化到木薯胚性愈伤组织,经过抗性愈伤诱导、胚诱导和生根筛选,获得抗性木薯苗[18]。采集获得的抗性苗叶片提取RNA,反转录为cDNA后作为模版,利用GFP的特异性PCR引物,进行PCR检测不同抗性苗,判断是否为转基因株系。
选取转基因株系叶片,在共聚焦显微镜下观测与GFP融合的目标蛋白的亚细胞定位[17]。参考付莉莉等[19]的方法和配方制备原生质体提取液和提取原生质体,将木薯叶片切为0.5 mm的细条,选择1~2条置于2.0 mL的离心管中,加入1.0 mL提取液,在(25±2)℃黑暗环境下,40 r/min振荡酶解16 h[20],显微镜下观测。
选取能有效产生绿色荧光的转基因木薯株系,利用苏州格锐思生物科技有限公司的植物叶绿素(chlorophyll)含量测定试剂盒(G0601W)检测叶绿素含量。
MeCA和MeH1.2蛋白间的关系酵母双杂交系统(Yeast two-Hybrid,Y2H)试验需要构建诱饵蛋白到pGBKT7载体,本课题组前期筛选MeH1.2的互作蛋白时,已经构建了诱饵载体H1.2-PGBKT7[17]。利用表1的引物和上述植物表达载体的质粒为模版扩增MeCA序列,通过无缝克隆插入到pGADT7载体,并测序鉴定,构建MeCA-pGADT7载体。参考ZHAO等[17]的方法进行Y2H点对点试验,验证MeCA和MeH1.2蛋白间的关系。
采用2‒ΔΔCt计算基因相对表达量,不同处理与对照间采用单因素方差分析差异显著性。
通过在Phytozome木薯数据库搜索ID Manes.15G167500.1,结果显示木薯品种AM560第15号染色体上编码1个目标基因,基因描述为Carbonic anhydrase 2,chloroplastic-related,命名为MeCA。根据参考序列信息设计特异引物,从SC124木薯叶片cDNA进行PCR扩增,获得MeCA基因的CDS全长1008 bp,编码336个氨基酸。通过序列比对发现,其与数据库中的序列存在1个氨基酸的差异,即第83位的氨基酸,核苷酸序列从CTC变为CCC,氨基酸从亮氨酸(Leu)变为脯氨酸(Pro)。第276位氨基酸编码序列从TCG变为TCA,但仍然为丝氨酸(Ser),其余与基因组序列相同,序列相似性达到99.70%。MeCA基因含有10个外显子和9个内含子,以及两端的UTR区(图1A)。NCBI-CDD保守结构域分析显示MeCA蛋白属于注释为carbonic anhydrase的PLN03014超家族(图1B)。数据库信息显示MeCA基因存在6个可变剪切位点,其中,1个剪接体含有10个外显子,2个剪接体含有9个外显子,3个剪接体含有8个外显子(图1C)。
理化性质分析显示,MeCA蛋白的分子量为36 373.83 Da,理论等电点为7.04,正、负电残基的总数均为35;不稳定系数为52.05,大于40,属于不稳定蛋白;脂溶系数为87.61,小于100;亲水性平均值为‒0.105,小于0,属于亲水性蛋白;该蛋白没有跨膜结构域,无信号肽,说明是非膜蛋白和非分泌蛋白;亚细胞定位预测显示MeCA可能定位在叶绿体。
在Phytozome拟南芥数据库中搜索AtαCA1-8、AtβCA1-6、AtγCA1-2的ID号,并下载其蛋白序列,通过MEGA 11软件构建进化树。结果显示,MeCA和AtβCA1-6处于同一个分支,与AtβCA1的序列同源性最高(图2A)。通过序列比对发现其碱基有73.13%的相似性(图2B)。通过MEME软件分析显示MeCA和AtβCA1含有完全相同的motif(图2C),推测其功能可能相似。在Phytozome木薯数据库中搜索出22个CA基因,其中9个注释为α亚家族,2个注释为γ亚家族,MeCA未注释到αγ亚家族的11个蛋白之一,表明MeCA属于碳酸酐酶β亚家族。
通过定量PCR分析MeCA基因在木薯SC124组织中的转录活性,结果显示MeCA基因在功能叶中的表达活性最高,高于根和茎万倍,其次为幼嫩叶,高于茎和根千倍(图3A),这与CA酶参与光合作用的推测一致。
通过定量PCR检测MeCA基因对不同胁迫的响应,结果表明,MeCA基因在不同遮光时间的SC124叶片中显著下调表达(图3B)。MeCA基因在低温处理0.5~3 h的叶片中上调表达,处理12 h时与对照相似(图3C)。上述结果说明MeCA基因可以响应遮光、低温处理,在转录水平发生显著变化。
将MeCA与GFP融合的植物表达载体转化木薯悬浮胚性愈伤组织,在筛选培养基上进行胚诱导、芽诱导和根诱导,获得8个候选抗性木薯株系(OE1~8)。提取上述8个转基因株系和SC8无菌苗的RNA,并转录为cDNA作为模版,以GFP的特异性引物进行PCR扩增,结果显示,OE1~6木薯抗性株系在250 bp附近有条带,与目标片段213 bp相吻合,测序结果与目标序列吻合,但OE7~8和对照SC8未扩增到目标条带(图4),表明OE1~6均为转MeCA基因的木薯株系。
随机选取1个转MeCA基因的木薯株系,取其叶片及其原生质体在荧光显微镜下进行观察,结果发现绿色荧光和叶绿体的自发红色荧光完全重合(图5),说明MeCA蛋白主要在叶绿体中表达,与上述预测结果相同。
选取同时继代的2个转基因株系CA-OE4、CA-OE6和SC8无菌苗,取第2~5位叶片,测定其叶绿素含量。结果显示,过表达的转基因株系叶绿素A、叶绿素B和总叶绿素含量均显著高于未转化的SC8株系WT,CA-OE4和CA-OE6两个转基因株系之间无显著性差异(图6),说明MeCA过表达有增加产量的潜力。
Y2H点对点试验结果显示,共转质粒的Y2Hgold菌株在二缺培养基上均长出了克隆菌斑,说明共转化成功。将二缺培养基上的克隆菌斑挑取至四缺培养基中培养发现,除共转化阳性对照质粒外,MeH1.2+MeCA共转菌株正常生长,并和阳性对照组(pGADT7-T/pGBKT7-53)一样在添加X-α-gal的培养基上变蓝,而阴性对照组(pGADT7-T/pGBKT7-Lam)不能生长(图7),上述结果表明MeH1.2和MeCA可能存在蛋白互作。
木薯MeCA蛋白和数据库中的序列存在1个氨基酸的差异,含有CA家族的特殊结构域。由于对植物CA家族蛋白功能的相关研究较少,本研究选择研究较多的拟南芥CA家族蛋白[12-13]与MeCA蛋白构建系统进化树,发现MeCA蛋白与拟南芥AtβCA1亲缘关系最近,蛋白序列比对也发现二者相似性达到71.13%,并且含有完全相同的motif。MeCA有6个不同的可变剪切位点,符合CA转录本的选择性剪接比较常见的特征[20]。进一步研究发现MeCA蛋白定位于叶绿体中,一般合成场中绿色荧光和红色荧光叠加呈现为黄色,本研究合成场中为绿色,这可能是由于叶绿体的自发红色荧光较弱或者转化后的绿色荧光太强。MeCA的亚细胞定位与AtβCA1相同[12],一般来说,CA家族蛋白的亚细胞定位呈现多样化,在拟南芥中,AtβCA1和AtβCA5定位于叶绿体中,AtβCA2、AtβCA3、AtβCA4定位于胞质中,AtβCA6定位于线粒体中,AtγCA1定位未知,AtγCA2定位于线粒体中,α家族均定位于胞质中[21-23]。相似的序列结构和亚细胞定位说明MeCA蛋白也属于碳酸酐酶β亚家族。
占细胞可溶性蛋白1%~2%的CA除参与光合作用外,也与许多生理过程,包括羧化和脱羧化反应、pH调节、无机碳运输、离子运输、水和电解质平衡[7,24],及其生物与非生物胁迫过程相关[25]。木薯MeCA基因在叶片中高表达,这与其蛋白定位于叶绿体,可能参与光合作用的功能相一致。在拟南芥中,AtβCA1是在叶片组织中表达量最高的CA基因,其RNA测序reads数量是同为叶绿素定位AtβCA5的近50倍,表达序列标签的数量是AtβCA5的13倍[14]。遮阴处理抑制了叶片中MeCA基因的表达,低温处理短期内诱导了木薯叶片中MeCA基因的表达,说明MeCA对遮阴和低温有不同的响应模式。CA基因参与生物、非生物胁迫,如CA基因在葡萄霜霉病病原菌侵染过程中表达受到抑制[26];沉默烟草的CA基因,晚疫菌侵染后病原菌生长更快,表明抑制CA增加了对病原菌的易感性[27];拟南芥ca1和ca5双突变株系叶片的叶绿体中产生活性氧,atβca1突变株系的CA酶活性显著下降[28-29],但AtBca1基因单独突变或者过表达对拟南芥的表型影响不大;拟南芥Bca1/Bca2/Bca4三突变体具有明显生理缺陷,如植株较小、育性差以及生长周期长等表型,但AtBca1AtβCA2、AtβCA4基因单独回转三突变体后转基因拟南芥表型均能恢复,这说明三突变体表型突变是由3个Bca共同突变造成。AtβCA1AtβCA2、AtβCA4基因均有促进植物正常发育的功能[23],3个基因存在功能冗余,而过表达MeCA基因的转基因木薯叶片中叶绿素含量增加,这说明MeCA基因可能单独在木薯中有发挥功能;表达成熟的OsCA能提高重组体在热胁迫下的耐热性[30]MeCA家族基因在逆境中的作用需要进一步的研究。
CA是适应胁迫条件的光合碳代谢调节酶,在保持光合碳代谢稳定方面具有重要作用[31]。本研究发现基因过表达MeCA的转基因木薯株系叶片中的叶绿素a、叶绿素b和总叶绿素含量显著高于未转化的对照,这说明过量表达MeCA基因有助于提高光合作用。这与在烟草中异源表达玉米的βCA3βCA9基因,转基因植株叶片表现出深绿色的表型一致[32]。过表达AtβCA6的转基因拟南芥鲜质量、干质量和莲座叶面积增加,而敲除AtβCA6的突变体鲜质量、干质量和莲座叶面积降低[33]MeCA可能与AtβCA6一样,通过促进生长而提高植物的抗逆性。关于CA的作用机理,目前研究的不多,重组烟草叶绿体CA同时具有CA酶和SA结合活性,CA蛋白在酵母中的表达也表明其具有抗氧化活性[27]。玉米ZmCA4通过与ZmPIP2;6相互作用,在调节CO2信号传导方面发挥着关键作用。MeCA和MeH1.2可以在体外结合,但二者的亚细胞定位不同,在实际中是否互作还需要进一步研究。
木薯MeCA与拟南芥的AtβCA亚家族属于同一个分支,与AtβCA1蛋白的序列相似性达到73.13%,并含有完全相同的motif,因此,其属于碳酸酐酶β亚家族。MeCA基因的表达量在功能叶中最高,其次为幼嫩叶,均显著高于根和茎,并在遮光胁迫的木薯叶片显著下调表达,低温处理初期诱导了木薯叶片中MeCA基因的表达。本研究创制了过量表达MeCA基因的转基因木薯,并观察到MeCA蛋白定位于叶绿体,转基因株系叶片中的叶绿素含量显著高于对照。进一步研究结果显示MeCA与MeH1.2蛋白互作。因此,MeCA基因响应光和低温胁迫处理,并可能通过影响植物生长或者与MeH1.2蛋白互作,参与植物对胁迫的响应过程。本研究结果有助于进一步研究其在光合和逆境中的功能和机理。
  • 海南省自然科学基金项目(321RC1095; 323RC538)
  • 国家自然科学基金面上项目(32472190)
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2025年第46卷第10期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.10.003
  • 接收时间:2025-02-07
  • 首发时间:2026-03-09
  • 出版时间:2025-10-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-02-07
  • 录用日期:2025-06-04
基金
海南省自然科学基金项目(321RC1095; 323RC538)
国家自然科学基金面上项目(32472190)
作者信息
    1.中国热带农业科学院热带生物技术研究所/热带作物生物育种国家重点实验室,海南海口 571101
    2.海南大学热带农林学院,海南海口 570228

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*赵平娟,E-mail:;
阮孟斌,E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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