Article(id=1237814980603605729, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1237814978405790425, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.10.008, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=1, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1746979200000, receivedDateStr=2025-05-12, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1750262400000, acceptedDateStr=2025-06-19, onlineDate=1773047688866, onlineDateStr=2026-03-09, pubDate=1761321600000, pubDateStr=2025-10-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773047688866, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773047688866, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1779263417174, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1237814978405790425, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, year='2025', volume='46', issue='10', pageStart='2287', pageEnd='2547', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773047688342, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773049212967, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1237821373213635442, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1237814978405790425, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1237821373213635443, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1237814978405790425, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2364, endPage=2375, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1237814980880429797, articleId=1237814980603605729, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=EN, title=Breeding the Especially Early Maturing, High Sucrose, High Yield and Automatically Defoliated New Sugarcane Variety GT76 and Its Performance of Regional Production Capacity, columnId=1236256430060261740, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, columnName=Germplasm Resources, Genetics & Breeding, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Improving and upgrading the efficiency of sugar factories and income of sugarcane farmers are the fundamental goals of the sugarcane industrial development. This study introduced the breeding process of the early-maturing, high-sugar, high-yield, automatic defoliation new sugarcane variety Guitang 76 (GT76) and its production efficiency in different regions, in order to provide planting technical basis for this new sugarcane variety in the coming years. Guitang 76 was selected through the “five nurseries” breeding procedure, and developed based on traits of early maturity, high sugar content and high yield, and also included characteristics of strong perennial roots, high uniformity, tolerance to drought, disease and infertility, and automatic defoliation. Finally, the Guitang 76 production performance was evaluated through the Guangxi new sugarcane variety regional test. The main process was as follows: In April 2010, 220 seedlings were obtained from the combination of CP81-1254×ROC22, planted in the hybrid nursery. In February 2011, five healthy individual plants were selected from the hybrid nursery and planted in the selection nursery. In December 2011, two strains were selected from the selection nursery and entered the identification nursery. In January 2013, one strain was selected from the identification nursery (named Guitang 10-2118), and in February 2013, it entered the preparation variety comparison nursery. After observation and screening, it was selected into the variety comparison nursery in March 2014, and later selected for the 2021—2023 of Guangxi sugarcane new variety regional trials (one year new planted sugarcane and two years perennial sugarcane trials). The results of regional trials showed that the stem diameter of Guitang 10-2118 was between 2.5–3.0 cm, which is a medium-large stem variety, the average number of effective stems was 8140 per hm2 more than that of the control variety ROC22. The yield of newly planted sugarcane was 7.72% lower than that of ROC22, but the yield of perennial sugarcane in the first year was 7.28% higher than that of ROC22, and the yield of perennial sugarcane in the second year was 15.24% higher than that of ROC22, and the average yield in three years was higher (5.24%) than that of ROC22. The average sucrose content from November to March was 15.04%, which was 1.32% higher than that of ROC22. Guitang 10-2118 also showed other significant traits including tall plants, long internodes, automatic defoliation, strong perennial roots, wide adaptability, high resistance to smut and tip rot, etc. Guitang 10-2118 was renamed as Guitang 76 (GT76). This article also introduced the key points of cultivation strategies of GT76, providing technical support for its promotion, application and better cane production in coming years.

, correspAuthors=Yangrui LI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*LI Yangrui,E-mail:
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提高糖厂效益和增加蔗农收入是蔗糖产业发展的根本目的。本研究介绍特早熟高糖高产自动脱叶甘蔗新品种桂糖76号的选育过程及其在不同区域的生产性能表现,为该品种高效服务甘蔗生产提供技术依据。桂糖76号以早熟、高糖、高产作为基础指标,以强宿根、整齐度高、耐旱耐瘠、抗病性强和自动脱叶作为主要性状目标,通过“五圃制”选育程序选拔,后进入广西甘蔗新品种区域试验进行区域生产性能综合考察和评价选育而成。主要过程如下:2010年4月将组合CP81-1254×ROC22获得的220株实生苗定植于杂种圃;2011年2月将从杂种圃选出的5个优良单株种植于选种圃,同年12月从选种圃中选出2个株系进入鉴定圃;2013年1月从鉴定圃选出1个株系(确定选种号为桂糖10-2118)进入预备品比圃;经观察筛选,2014年3月被选入品比圃,后入选2021—2023年广西甘蔗新品种区域试验(1 a新植蔗2 a宿根蔗试验)。区试结果表明:桂糖10-2118茎径在2.5~3.0 cm之间,属中大茎品种;平均有效茎数比ROC22多8140条/hm2;新植蔗产量比ROC22降低7.72%,但第1年宿根蔗比ROC22增产7.28%,第2年宿根蔗比ROC22增产15.24%,3年平均产量比ROC22增产5.24%;11月—翌年3月平均甘蔗蔗糖分为15.04%,较ROC22增加1.32%。此外,多年试验表明桂糖10-2118还具有植株高大、节间长、自动脱叶、宿根性强、适应性广、高抗黑穗病和梢腐病等其他优良特性。目前,桂糖10-2118已被登记为桂糖76号。本研究还对桂糖76号的栽培技术要点进行了介绍,为其推广应用提供技术支撑。

, correspAuthors=李杨瑞, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*李杨瑞,E-mail:
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梁强(1981—),男,硕士,副研究员,研究方向:甘蔗育种。

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梁强(1981—),男,硕士,副研究员,研究方向:甘蔗育种。

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梁强(1981—),男,硕士,副研究员,研究方向:甘蔗育种。

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Evaluation and molecular basis of defoliation charaeteristic of sugarcane[D]. Nanning: Guangxi University, 2006. 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The evaluation of resistant to smut and seedling growth characteristics of excellent sugarcane varieties[J]. Sugarcane and Canesugar, 2023, 52(1): 14-20. 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figureFileBig=OU1lkM0hWAGDcoN1gW+HDQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1237831263269220733, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814980603605729, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=Field incidence of Pokkah boeng of GT76 in different years and test areas, figureFileSmall=k2ArsLJw8dSlTd7ARLeOkg==, figureFileBig=Vd4xewj/c/gGD/brxI9K7Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1237831263382466943, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814980603605729, language=CN, label=图7, caption=桂糖76号在不同年份和试验区域的梢腐病田间发病情况, figureFileSmall=k2ArsLJw8dSlTd7ARLeOkg==, figureFileBig=Vd4xewj/c/gGD/brxI9K7Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1237831263478935937, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814980603605729, language=EN, label=Fig. 8, caption=Difference in defoliation of GT76 and current main sugarcane cultivars, figureFileSmall=Y4R9GWo2XWLfgRk4Dj7tYQ==, figureFileBig=k0cA66a5I0eHQy56x84F5g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1237831263583793539, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814980603605729, language=CN, label=图8, caption=桂糖76号与当前主栽甘蔗品种的脱叶性差异, figureFileSmall=Y4R9GWo2XWLfgRk4Dj7tYQ==, figureFileBig=k0cA66a5I0eHQy56x84F5g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1237831263659291012, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814980603605729, language=EN, label=Fig. 9, caption=Defoliation of GT76 and other main sugarcane cultivars in early November, figureFileSmall=7QqYgg2xXxSERo+uONFTEQ==, figureFileBig=YzFTsL/x91nyxlFX1oPA+w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1237831263734788486, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814980603605729, language=CN, label=图9, caption=11月初桂糖76号和其他主栽甘蔗品种的脱叶状态, figureFileSmall=7QqYgg2xXxSERo+uONFTEQ==, figureFileBig=YzFTsL/x91nyxlFX1oPA+w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1237831263806091656, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814980603605729, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Differences of agronomic traits of GT76 in different crop types

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参试品种
Tested cultivar
作物类型
Crop type
出苗率
Emergence rate/%
发株率
Ratoon shooting rate%
分蘖率
Tillering rate%
枯心率
Dead heat rate%
株高
Plant height/cm
茎径
Stalk diameter/cm
每公顷有效茎数
Millable stalks per hm2
有效茎数增长率
Millable stalks growth rate/%
GT76新植(2021)62.4 62.30.482612.5467 200 
 第1年宿根(2022) 119.940.67.062732.5158 005–13.68
 第2年宿根(2023) 119.649.77.093372.6567 5000.45
 平均62.4119.750.94.872902.5764 230–4.42
ROC22新植(2021)55.3 72.90.562642.6263 090 
 第1年宿根(2022) 87.432.27.382672.6147 490–24.73
 第2年宿根(2023) 93.553.15.393282.7757 690–8.56
 平均55.390.552.74.402862.7056 090–11.10
增长率/% 7.1(±)29.2(±)**–1.8(±)0.47(±)1.29–4.8114.52** 
), ArticleFig(id=1237831263944503690, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814980603605729, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同作物类型桂糖76号的农艺性状

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参试品种
Tested cultivar
作物类型
Crop type
出苗率
Emergence rate/%
发株率
Ratoon shooting rate%
分蘖率
Tillering rate%
枯心率
Dead heat rate%
株高
Plant height/cm
茎径
Stalk diameter/cm
每公顷有效茎数
Millable stalks per hm2
有效茎数增长率
Millable stalks growth rate/%
GT76新植(2021)62.4 62.30.482612.5467 200 
 第1年宿根(2022) 119.940.67.062732.5158 005–13.68
 第2年宿根(2023) 119.649.77.093372.6567 5000.45
 平均62.4119.750.94.872902.5764 230–4.42
ROC22新植(2021)55.3 72.90.562642.6263 090 
 第1年宿根(2022) 87.432.27.382672.6147 490–24.73
 第2年宿根(2023) 93.553.15.393282.7757 690–8.56
 平均55.390.552.74.402862.7056 090–11.10
增长率/% 7.1(±)29.2(±)**–1.8(±)0.47(±)1.29–4.8114.52** 
), ArticleFig(id=1237831264040972683, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814980603605729, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Proportion of leaf sheath inclination angle of GT76 and other main sugarcane cultivars in early November

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
品种
Cultivar
叶鞘倾角比例Rate of leaf sheath inclination angle/%
10°15°20°25°30°45°60°90°180°
GT4220.815.012.70.00.06.50.00.00.00.045.0
GT4460.010.010.00.05.00.05.010.00.00.00.0
GT4738.14.80.038.19.50.09.50.00.00.00.0
GT6014.30.03.63.63.63.60.00.00.00.071.4
GT7614.83.70.015.43.73.70.00.00.00.058.7
GL05-13623.19.50.015.40.03.83.80.03.80.040.6
ROC2218.512.70.015.56.50.03.60.00.00.043.6
), ArticleFig(id=1237831264141635981, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814980603605729, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

11月初桂糖76号叶鞘倾斜角度的比例

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
品种
Cultivar
叶鞘倾角比例Rate of leaf sheath inclination angle/%
10°15°20°25°30°45°60°90°180°
GT4220.815.012.70.00.06.50.00.00.00.045.0
GT4460.010.010.00.05.00.05.010.00.00.00.0
GT4738.14.80.038.19.50.09.50.00.00.00.0
GT6014.30.03.63.63.63.60.00.00.00.071.4
GT7614.83.70.015.43.73.70.00.00.00.058.7
GL05-13623.19.50.015.40.03.83.80.03.80.040.6
ROC2218.512.70.015.56.50.03.60.00.00.043.6
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特早熟高糖高产自动脱叶甘蔗新品种桂糖76号的选育及其区域生产能力表现
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梁强 1 , 刘晓燕 1 , 梁宏卫 2 , 韦海勇 3 , 胡顺 4 , 韦淙凯 4 , 李长宁 1 , 梁光凤 1 , 宋修鹏 1 , Krishan K Verma 1 , 李杨瑞 1, *
热带作物学报 | 种质资源与遗传育种 2025,46(10): 2364-2375
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热带作物学报 | 种质资源与遗传育种 2025, 46(10): 2364-2375
特早熟高糖高产自动脱叶甘蔗新品种桂糖76号的选育及其区域生产能力表现
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梁强1, 刘晓燕1, 梁宏卫2, 韦海勇3, 胡顺4, 韦淙凯4, 李长宁1, 梁光凤1, 宋修鹏1, Krishan K Verma1, 李杨瑞1, *
作者信息
  • 1.广西农业科学院甘蔗研究所/农业农村部广西甘蔗生物技术与遗传改良重点实验室/广西甘蔗遗传改良重点实验室,广西南宁 530007
  • 2.广西博庆食品有限公司,广西河池 546300
  • 3.广西博东食品有限公司,广西河池 547004
  • 4.广西博宣食品有限公司,广西来宾 545900
  • 梁强(1981—),男,硕士,副研究员,研究方向:甘蔗育种。

通讯作者:

*李杨瑞,E-mail:
Breeding the Especially Early Maturing, High Sucrose, High Yield and Automatically Defoliated New Sugarcane Variety GT76 and Its Performance of Regional Production Capacity
Qiang LIANG1, Xiaoyan LIU1, Hongwei LIANG2, Haiyong WEI3, Shun HU4, Congkai WEI4, Changning LI1, Guangfeng LIANG1, Xiupeng SONG1, Krishan K Verma1, Yangrui LI1, *
Affiliations
  • 1. Institute of Sugarcane, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Nanning, Guangxi 530007, China
  • 2. Guangxi Boqing Food Co., Ltd., Hechi, Guangxi 546300, China
  • 3. Guangxi Bodong Food Co., Ltd., Hechi, Guangxi 547004, China
  • 4. Guangxi Boxuan Food Co., Ltd., Laibin, Guangxi 545900, China
出版时间: 2025-10-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.10.008
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提高糖厂效益和增加蔗农收入是蔗糖产业发展的根本目的。本研究介绍特早熟高糖高产自动脱叶甘蔗新品种桂糖76号的选育过程及其在不同区域的生产性能表现,为该品种高效服务甘蔗生产提供技术依据。桂糖76号以早熟、高糖、高产作为基础指标,以强宿根、整齐度高、耐旱耐瘠、抗病性强和自动脱叶作为主要性状目标,通过“五圃制”选育程序选拔,后进入广西甘蔗新品种区域试验进行区域生产性能综合考察和评价选育而成。主要过程如下:2010年4月将组合CP81-1254×ROC22获得的220株实生苗定植于杂种圃;2011年2月将从杂种圃选出的5个优良单株种植于选种圃,同年12月从选种圃中选出2个株系进入鉴定圃;2013年1月从鉴定圃选出1个株系(确定选种号为桂糖10-2118)进入预备品比圃;经观察筛选,2014年3月被选入品比圃,后入选2021—2023年广西甘蔗新品种区域试验(1 a新植蔗2 a宿根蔗试验)。区试结果表明:桂糖10-2118茎径在2.5~3.0 cm之间,属中大茎品种;平均有效茎数比ROC22多8140条/hm2;新植蔗产量比ROC22降低7.72%,但第1年宿根蔗比ROC22增产7.28%,第2年宿根蔗比ROC22增产15.24%,3年平均产量比ROC22增产5.24%;11月—翌年3月平均甘蔗蔗糖分为15.04%,较ROC22增加1.32%。此外,多年试验表明桂糖10-2118还具有植株高大、节间长、自动脱叶、宿根性强、适应性广、高抗黑穗病和梢腐病等其他优良特性。目前,桂糖10-2118已被登记为桂糖76号。本研究还对桂糖76号的栽培技术要点进行了介绍,为其推广应用提供技术支撑。

甘蔗  /  桂糖76号  /  品种选育  /  自动脱叶  /  特早熟

Improving and upgrading the efficiency of sugar factories and income of sugarcane farmers are the fundamental goals of the sugarcane industrial development. This study introduced the breeding process of the early-maturing, high-sugar, high-yield, automatic defoliation new sugarcane variety Guitang 76 (GT76) and its production efficiency in different regions, in order to provide planting technical basis for this new sugarcane variety in the coming years. Guitang 76 was selected through the “five nurseries” breeding procedure, and developed based on traits of early maturity, high sugar content and high yield, and also included characteristics of strong perennial roots, high uniformity, tolerance to drought, disease and infertility, and automatic defoliation. Finally, the Guitang 76 production performance was evaluated through the Guangxi new sugarcane variety regional test. The main process was as follows: In April 2010, 220 seedlings were obtained from the combination of CP81-1254×ROC22, planted in the hybrid nursery. In February 2011, five healthy individual plants were selected from the hybrid nursery and planted in the selection nursery. In December 2011, two strains were selected from the selection nursery and entered the identification nursery. In January 2013, one strain was selected from the identification nursery (named Guitang 10-2118), and in February 2013, it entered the preparation variety comparison nursery. After observation and screening, it was selected into the variety comparison nursery in March 2014, and later selected for the 2021—2023 of Guangxi sugarcane new variety regional trials (one year new planted sugarcane and two years perennial sugarcane trials). The results of regional trials showed that the stem diameter of Guitang 10-2118 was between 2.5–3.0 cm, which is a medium-large stem variety, the average number of effective stems was 8140 per hm2 more than that of the control variety ROC22. The yield of newly planted sugarcane was 7.72% lower than that of ROC22, but the yield of perennial sugarcane in the first year was 7.28% higher than that of ROC22, and the yield of perennial sugarcane in the second year was 15.24% higher than that of ROC22, and the average yield in three years was higher (5.24%) than that of ROC22. The average sucrose content from November to March was 15.04%, which was 1.32% higher than that of ROC22. Guitang 10-2118 also showed other significant traits including tall plants, long internodes, automatic defoliation, strong perennial roots, wide adaptability, high resistance to smut and tip rot, etc. Guitang 10-2118 was renamed as Guitang 76 (GT76). This article also introduced the key points of cultivation strategies of GT76, providing technical support for its promotion, application and better cane production in coming years.

sugarcane  /  variety GT76  /  breeding  /  automatic defoliation  /  extremely early maturing
梁强, 刘晓燕, 梁宏卫, 韦海勇, 胡顺, 韦淙凯, 李长宁, 梁光凤, 宋修鹏, Krishan K Verma, 李杨瑞. 特早熟高糖高产自动脱叶甘蔗新品种桂糖76号的选育及其区域生产能力表现. 热带作物学报, 2025 , 46 (10) : 2364 -2375 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.10.008
Qiang LIANG, Xiaoyan LIU, Hongwei LIANG, Haiyong WEI, Shun HU, Congkai WEI, Changning LI, Guangfeng LIANG, Xiupeng SONG, Krishan K Verma, Yangrui LI. Breeding the Especially Early Maturing, High Sucrose, High Yield and Automatically Defoliated New Sugarcane Variety GT76 and Its Performance of Regional Production Capacity[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2025 , 46 (10) : 2364 -2375 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.10.008
广西是我国甘蔗和蔗糖主产区,每年提供全国食糖总产量的60%~70%[1]。种子作为农业“芯片”,决定着作物产量和品质,良种不断迭代更新对推动我国农业高质量发展发挥着重要作用。在我国甘蔗生产中,台糖134、桂糖11号、新台糖22号、桂糖42号(GT42)和桂柳05-136(GL05-136)等是不同时期的主栽品种。其中桂糖11号全国种植面积比例最高超过50%;新台糖22号于2011年面积达到最高峰,占比69.5%[2-3];2023年桂糖42号和桂柳05-136二者占比均超过30%[4]。主栽品种的每次迭代,均促进原料蔗品质大幅度提升,特别是蔗糖分均有较大幅度提高。其中,桂糖11号较台糖134蔗糖分高约2.0%[5],新台糖22号较桂糖11号高约1.05%[6],桂糖42号和桂柳05-136较新台糖22号高0.5%[7-8]。甘蔗蔗糖分提高不仅可以增加糖企经济效益,还可以节省原料蔗生产用地,减少原料蔗砍收过程中人力、物力等一系列成本投入,减少二氧化碳排放,实现经济效益和环境效益双丰收。
脱叶是甘蔗砍收过程中必不可少的环节,人工收获时用工量占收获总用工量的65%,难脱叶甘蔗品种将大幅降低人工收获效率。机械收获时虽然联合收获机械配备了脱叶系统,但作业效果并不稳定,遇到雨天或难脱叶品种,原料蔗含杂率依然较高,最终降低产糖率[9-10]。以桂糖42号、桂柳05-136、新台糖22号和桂糖46号等甘蔗品种为例,均具备较好的脱叶能力,收获效率和原料蔗品质均得到明显提升[11]。此外,广西农业科学院甘蔗研究所也已成功育成具备自动脱叶能力甘蔗新品种桂糖60号,该品种不仅高产高糖,也同时具备自动脱叶能力,脱叶率最高可达87.1%。该品种在广西和云南多地进行种植示范,生产性能优异,较适宜在旱瘦坡地种植,受到当地蔗农的普遍欢迎[12]
因此,蔗糖分高和脱叶性好可为蔗农和制糖企业带来良好效益,已经成为当今甘蔗育种工作中重点关注的种性特征。本研究重点介绍了具备特早熟、高糖和自动脱叶等优异性状的甘蔗新品种桂糖76号的选育过程及其在不同蔗区生产性能表现,为该品种推广应用提供技术依据。
亲本组合:CP81-1254(CP72- 1210×多父本)×ROC22(ROC5×69-463)。母本(♀)CP81-1254性状:萌发迅速,茎径中等,生长速度快,叶色深绿,茎叶浅绿色,在佛罗里达州自然条件下很少开花。平均单茎质量为1.63 kg,单位面积含糖量与CP72-1210相当,比CP70-1133高11%。常规收获时,单位面积蔗糖产量比CP70-1133增产4.5%,比CP72-1210增产2.8%。原料蔗产量比CP70-1133低8%,比CP72-1210高3%[13]。父本(♂)ROC22性状:萌芽良好,初期生长稍慢,中后期生长快,属早中熟高糖品种。茎径中至中大茎,原料茎长,茎数中等,易脱叶,抗倒性一般。内容充实,不易抽穗开花;适应性广,可栽种于地力中等或中等以上的黏土、黏壤土、壤土、粉质壤土、砂壤土及盐分地等;抗旱力强,但对低温敏感,易感黑穗病[14]
(1)杂交种子播种及培育:2010年2月,利用经高温高压灭菌土为基质,在温度35 ℃、湿度80%环境条件下,对组合CP81-1254×ROC22的杂交种子进行播种和培育。(2)小苗假植:2010年4月上旬将3片叶以上的幼苗在多穴育苗盘上假植。(3)大苗定植:40 d后按行距120 cm、株距30 cm定植于杂种圃,共定植实生苗220株。(4)杂种圃筛选:2010年11月中旬进行杂种圃初选,2011年1月中旬进行定选,共入选5个单株(株系),入选率为2.27%。按照株高、茎径、有效茎数、生长势、空蒲心、黑穗病和梢腐病发病情况等技术指标进行择优选择。(5)选种圃筛选:2011年2月上旬将从杂种圃选出的5个株系种植于选种圃中,2011年12月上旬进行选种圃筛选,共入选2个株系,入选率为40.0%。按照株高、茎径、有效茎数、生长势、蔗汁锤度、空蒲心、抗倒性、黑穗病和梢腐病发病情况等技术指标进行择优选择。(6)鉴定圃筛选:2012年2月下旬将2个入选株系种植于鉴定圃,2013年1月上旬进行鉴定圃筛选,共入选1个株系,同时确定选种号为桂糖10-2118。按株高、茎径、茎数、生长势、蔗汁锤度、抗倒性、黑穗病和梢腐病发病情况等技术指标进行择优选择。(7)预备品比圃筛选:2013年2月上旬将桂糖10-2118种植于预备品比圃,与ROC22(对照)进行生产能力对比。按株高、茎径、茎数、生长势、蔗糖分、黑穗病、梢腐病、宿根性、抗倒性等指标进行对比。(8)品比圃筛选:2014年3月上旬将桂糖10-2118种植于品比圃中,进行全年观测,2015年1月进行砍收测产。期间对其多项指标进行测定,包括株高、茎径、茎数、黑穗病、梢腐病、蔗糖分(11月—翌年2月)、蔗茎产量、宿根性等指标。因在品比试验中该品系性状表现优异,被推荐进入2021—2023年广西甘蔗新品种区域试验。(9)区域试验:从2021年起,采用1 a新植2 a宿根试验周期开展试验,共3 a。(10)品种命名:该品种在区域试验中表现突出,2024年正式登记为桂糖76号(GT76)。
田间设计:广西甘蔗新品种区域试验采用随机区组设计,设5行区,行长7.0 m,行距1.2 m,小区面积42.0 m2,3次重复,边排设1行保护排,边行设3行保护行。按常规进行田间管理。
调查项目:前期调查出苗率、分蘖率、枯心率、黑穗病率。中期调查梢腐病率,并进行倒伏评级。后期采样分析甘蔗的品质性状,包括甘蔗蔗糖分、甘蔗纤维分、蔗汁锤度、蔗汁蔗糖分、蔗汁重力纯度和蔗汁还原糖分。收获前调查株高、茎径、有效茎数和孕穗开花情况,收获时称量小区蔗茎产量。甘蔗黑穗病和梢腐病发病率为0%~2.50%,属于高抗(HR);2.51%~5.00%,属于抗(R);5.01%~7.50%,属于中抗(MR);7.51%~10.00%,属于感病(S);大于10.00%,属于高感(HS)。
出苗率=出苗数/总芽数×100%;分蘖率=(总苗数–出苗数)/出苗数×100%;黑穗病率=黑穗病株(丛)数/出苗数×100%;梢腐病率=梢腐病株数/有效茎数×100%;自动脱叶率=完全脱落叶片数/露土茎节数×100%;甘蔗蔗糖分采用国家标准GB/T 10499—1989。试验数据采用Excel 2003软件进行统计分析。
与其双亲CP81-1254和ROC22进行形态特征特性比较结果(图1)表明,桂糖76号植株高大,中至中大茎,节间长,稍散生。叶片深绿色,宽度中等,姿态挺拔,工艺成熟期自动脱叶。节间蔗茎曝光前浅紫红色,曝光后深紫红色。芽卵圆形,牙沟明显,芽体毛群发达,特别是芽体背面第10号毛群较长。蜡粉中等,叶鞘第57号毛群数量少、长,易脱落。
调查并对比分析2021—2023年6个试验点材料的主要农艺性状,桂糖76号的群体表现如图2所示。桂糖76号出苗率高于ROC22,虽然试验下种时遇到较严重春旱,但仍能保持较高的出苗率;宿根发株率比ROC22高29.2%,可见其在宿根性能上具有较大优势;植株高度与ROC22相当,茎径大小为2.5~3.0 cm,略小于ROC22,属中大茎种。桂糖76号的每公顷有效茎数较ROC22增幅明显,平均每公顷多8140条,增幅达到14.52%;桂糖76号第2年宿根的每公顷有效茎数比第1年宿根略有增长,而ROC22则明显下降,降幅达到8.56%。在病虫害方面,桂糖76号枯心率与ROC22无显著差异(表1)。
对比分析2021—2023年6个试验点的原料蔗产量,结果显示(图3),在新植阶段因多个试验点受干旱天气影响,不同试验点的产量差异较大,南宁和扶绥试验点的ROC22产量与正常年份相当,其他试验点均偏低;河池点甚至低于60.0 t/hm2。桂糖76号的新植蔗产量略低于ROC22,在所有试验点的表现一致,平均降幅为7.72%。第1年宿根同样受到干旱天气影响,只有扶绥和柳州点的表现较为正常,桂糖76号的甘蔗产量除在扶绥点低于ROC22外,在其他试验点均不同程度地高于ROC22,各试点结果平均值增幅达7.28%。在第2年宿根蔗中,大部分试验点的甘蔗产量均超过或接近90.0 t/hm2,龙州点则偏低;桂糖76号高于ROC22的试验点有百色、龙州、柳州、河池,低于ROC22的试验点有南宁,各试点结果平均值增幅达15.24%。3年各试点结果平均后显示,桂糖76号除了扶绥点低于ROC22之外,其他试验点均不同程度高于ROC22,平均值增幅达5.24%。可见,与ROC22相比,桂糖76号在新植阶段产量略低,在宿根阶段则具有较大增产优势,特别是第2年宿根蔗。
对比分析2021—2023年6个试验点的甘蔗蔗糖分的结果显示(图4),在南宁试验点,11月—翌年3月桂糖76号甘蔗蔗糖分均明显超过ROC22,翌年2月达到最高值16.31%,平均甘蔗蔗糖分达15.44%;ROC22最高值出现在翌年3月,为15.64%;桂糖76号平均甘蔗蔗糖分较ROC22高2.04%。在百色试验点整体蔗糖分较高,11月—翌年3月桂糖76号甘蔗蔗糖分均明显超过ROC22,翌年3月达到最高值18.31%,平均甘蔗蔗糖分达17.13%;ROC22最高值出现在翌年3月,为15.87%;桂糖76号平均甘蔗蔗糖分较ROC22高1.61%。在龙州试验点,11月—翌年3月桂糖76号甘蔗蔗糖分均明显超过ROC22,翌年2月达到最高值16.29%,平均甘蔗蔗糖分达15.54%;ROC22最高值出现在翌年3月,为18.17%;桂糖76号平均甘蔗蔗糖分较ROC22高1.20%。在扶绥试验点整体甘蔗蔗糖分偏低,11月—翌年3月桂糖76号甘蔗蔗糖分均明显超过ROC22,翌年2月达到最高值14.80%,平均甘蔗蔗糖分达13.71%;ROC22最高值出现在翌年3月,为13.91%;桂糖76号平均甘蔗蔗糖分较ROC22高2.05%。在柳州试验点甘蔗蔗糖分偏低,11月—翌年3月桂糖76号甘蔗蔗糖分均明显超过ROC22,翌年1月达到最高值14.21%,平均甘蔗蔗糖分达13.70%;ROC22最高值出现在翌年1月,为13.71%;桂糖76号平均蔗糖分较ROC22高0.93%。在河池试验点,11月—翌年3月桂糖76号甘蔗蔗糖分均明显超过ROC22,12月达到最高值15.79%,平均甘蔗蔗糖分达14.75%;ROC22最高值出现在12月,为14.63%;桂糖76号平均甘蔗蔗糖分较ROC22高1.03%。全部试验点检测结果平均值显示,11月—翌年3月桂糖76号甘蔗蔗糖分均明显超过ROC22,除了11月之外其他月份甘蔗蔗糖分均超过15.00%,而ROC22最高甘蔗蔗糖分仅为14.77%;桂糖76号的平均甘蔗蔗糖分为15.04%,较ROC22增加1.32%。
对比分析2021—2023年6个试验点的甘蔗纤维分的结果显示(图5),桂糖76号的甘蔗纤维分在南宁、龙州各个生长期均高于ROC22,百色、河池点波动较大;柳州点2个品种的甘蔗纤维分差异不明显,估计与样本采集误差相关。在南宁试验点11月和3月的甘蔗纤维分相差较大,桂糖76号的最高值为12.63%,ROC22为11.13%,前者比后者高1.39%。在百色点,除了12月桂糖76号的甘蔗纤维分高于ROC22外,其他月份均低于ROC22,桂糖76号最高值为12.72%,ROC22最高值为12.13%。龙州点桂糖76号的甘蔗纤维分各个月份均高于ROC22,最高值出现在翌年3月,二者相差1.65%。扶绥点桂糖76号平均甘蔗纤维分高于ROC22,ROC22波动较大,最高达到12.04%,而最低仅为8.73%。柳州点桂糖76号与ROC22的甘蔗纤维分差距较小,11月与翌年1月稍高于ROC22。河池点各阶段桂糖76号的甘蔗纤维分波动较大,2月明显高于ROC22,而其他时期二者上下波动。对全部试验点进行均值分析,桂糖76号在各个阶段的甘蔗纤维分均高于ROC22,其中桂糖76号最高值出现在翌年2月,为11.57%;ROC22最高值出现在翌年1月,为11.22%;桂糖76号全期甘蔗纤维分均值较ROC22增加0.84%。
分别于2017、2018、2019年在南宁、百色、来宾、河池、柳州和龙州开展了田间黑穗病发病调查,结果见图6。综合平均之后,除了百色试验点,桂糖76号的田间发病率均处于较低水平,达到高抗级别;百色试验点也低于4%,明显低于其他参试品种;桂糖42号和桂柳05-136的发病率相当;桂糖42号在龙州处于感病级,在百色处于高感病级,其他试点均处于中抗病级;桂柳05-136在来宾处于感病级,在百色处于高感病级,其他试点均处于中抗病级;ROC22在参试品种中发病最严重,除了柳州处于感病级外,其他试点均处于高感病级。
分别于2017、2018、2019年在南宁、百色、来宾、河池、柳州和龙州开展田间梢腐病发病调查。结果显示,桂糖76号梢腐病田间发病率最低,参试品种由低到高依次为桂糖76号、ROC22、桂糖42号、桂柳05-136。桂糖76号梢腐病的发病率除在百色点超过1%之外,其他试验点均小于1%,2017年发病率稍微高于其他年份;ROC22的梢腐病发病率在柳州点稍低,2017、2018、2019年的发病率均低于1%,其他试验点发病率介于1%~2%之间,不同年份差距较小;桂糖42号的发病率在每个试验点均介于2%~4%之间,不同调查年份之间发病存在一定差异,南宁、百色、龙州等试验点不同年份之间存在较大差异;桂柳05-136的梢腐病发病率在调查品种中最高,除了来宾和河池发病率稍低之外,其他试验点均在3%以上,发病率最高的试验点为百色,其次为南宁和龙州(图7)。
对桂糖76号和当前广西甘蔗主要品种的自动脱叶率进行调查,结果发现,桂糖60号在7月的自然脱叶率已经超过20%,而其他品种均为0,包括桂糖76号,无叶片自动脱落(图8)。在9月,桂糖60号的自动脱叶率已经超过40%,桂糖76号、ROC22、桂糖42号、桂柳05-136介于10%~30%之间,桂糖44号和桂糖47号仍然处于0。11月,除了桂糖44号和桂糖47号仍然处于0外,其他品种的自动脱叶率快速上升,桂糖60号的自动脱叶率已经超过60%,显著超过其他品种,桂糖76号也超过40%。不同甘蔗品种11月初的脱叶情况和叶鞘倾角情况见图9表2,叶鞘倾角大的占比高,显示其自动脱叶率高。翌年1月,参试各个品种的自动脱叶率均不同程度提高,桂糖44号和桂糖47号自动脱叶率也提升至接近10%,脱叶率高低排序与11月相似。翌年3月,各个品种的自然脱叶率进一步提高,桂糖60号已经达到84.60%,明显超过其他参试品种,桂糖76号达到了62.85%。最终,各品种脱叶率排序如下:桂糖60号>桂糖76号>桂糖42号>ROC22>桂柳05-136>桂糖47号>桂糖44号。
甘蔗蔗糖分是提高制糖工业经济效益的决定性因素,决定糖企经济效益的三大因素包括原料蔗产量、蔗糖分和回收率,如仅蔗糖分高而产量低易导致原料蔗不足,则会出现糖厂产糖总量不足,且工期短和设备闲置,因此效益低;反之,原料蔗充足而蔗糖分低,原料蔗运输、制糖加工成本会明显增加[15-16]。可见高产、高糖良种对于提高制糖企业效益来说是极为重要的。在整个区域试验中,桂糖76号的蔗糖分较ROC22优势明显,平均蔗糖分提高1.32个百分点,按照广西66.7×104 hm2种植面积,平均单产78 t/hm2,白砂糖单价5500元/t计算,在原料蔗产量不变的条件下,可以增加68.7万t糖,效益新增37.752亿元。除本研究所列区域试验的试验点外,选育者在广西不同生态区也联合多家制糖企业开展了多年多点适应性试验,在这些试验点中不仅设置ROC22作为对照,也设置桂糖42号和桂柳05-136作为对照,桂糖76号均表现出较对照更早熟高糖的性能,如桂中和桂北蔗区平均蔗糖分分别比对照桂糖42号、桂柳05-136高0.6%和0.7%以上。提高原料蔗糖分,从原料蔗生产到制糖过程,并未增加生产成本,通过提高甘蔗品种的蔗糖分是糖厂增加经济效益最有效的渠道。可见,桂糖76号的大面积推广将明显提高制糖企业的经济效益。
甘蔗的脱叶性能对降低砍收成本和提高原料蔗品质有较大影响[12,17-18]。本研究小组前期已经选育出能够自动脱叶甘蔗品种桂糖60号(桂糖10-2003),该品种在生产上得到较好的应用,至工艺成熟期,其+5叶以下的叶片在自然外力作用下与蔗茎完全脱离,仅剩余少数几张叶片保持基本的光合作用,无需再进行人工剥叶,砍收时头尾各一刀后便可打捆,明显提高砍收效率[12]。桂糖76号的脱叶性虽未达到桂糖60号的脱叶水平,但至工艺成熟期也能达到较高的脱叶率,至11月超过40%,翌年3月超过60%。在生产中发现,桂糖60号的自动脱叶能力极强,但也带来了较多的生产问题,如种茎中的腋芽容易暴露,在受到外界刺激之后容易萌发,全年蔗只能砍取尾梢少数几个芽做种,增加了留种难度,桂糖76号的叶片脱落较桂糖60号稍晚且脱叶率稍低,在工艺成熟期全年蔗的上半部分蔗芽还能得到叶鞘的保护,不会因为外界影响而导致未砍收就萌发,来年的种茎容易获取。由此可见,并非脱叶能力越强越好,在以后的育种工作中,宜同时考虑甘蔗的脱叶能力和蔗芽保护能力。
黑穗病在广西乃至全国已经成为甘蔗生产上的主要病害,严重危害我国蔗糖产业的发展[19-20]。甘蔗黑穗病主要发生在宿根蔗,对原料蔗产量造成严重影响,罗霆等[21]对广西柳州市和来宾市6个县级蔗区的9个主栽甘蔗品种黑穗病发生情况进行系统调查和抗性评价,发现广西柳州和来宾蔗区新植蔗发病率小于4.41%,宿根蔗发病率小于24.58%,宿根蔗感病较新植蔗严重,其中桂柳05-136在柳州市柳江县发生最严重,抗性等级表现为中感。桂糖76号的杂交亲本组合与桂柳05-136的一致,但却表现出较强的抗黑穗病能力,在3次人工浸泡接种试验中2次不发病,一次仅为4.84%,而ROC22最高已经达到13.44%,在田间调查中发现其发病率最高值也低于5.00%。生产试验证明,桂糖76号的宿根蔗能保持较高的有效茎数,也可能与其抗黑穗病能力较强有关,因此在生产上更容易实现增产稳产。
根据当前的甘蔗生产方式并结合桂糖76号的种性特征,育种者提出以下栽培技术要点:
(1)种植时期:建议于2—3月气温回升并稳定高于15 ℃时下种。
(2)耕整地要求:深耕深松深种,二犁二耙,土层厚蔗区建议深耕至50 cm以上,深、松、碎、平。
(3)种植深度:雨水足浅种,雨水少深种,雨水足地块建议种植深度20~30 cm,雨水少旱坡地建议40 cm以上。
(4)下种量:90 000~105 000芽/hm2。光照偏弱的山坳蔗区下种量应增加至97 500~112 500芽/hm2
(5)行距规格:在田间管理和收获机械适用的基础上,单行种植行距1.0~1.4 m,宽窄行种植行距1.8 m(1.4 m+0.4 m)。根据光、温、水、肥条件和农机类型选择种植行距,条件好分蘖多可选用稍宽行距,条件差分蘖少可选用稍窄行距。
(6)培土要求:下种阶段培土厚度为5~10 cm。中耕阶段根据土地类型,水肥足高产蔗地高培土20~40 cm,增强抗倒伏能力;水肥少低产蔗地低培土0~20 cm。
(7)施肥要求:下种基肥以有机肥为主,少施或不施用化肥,先施基肥后摆种;中耕培土重施复合肥或复混肥,增加钾肥比例;可利用蔗渣灰与滤泥还田改土。
(8)草害管理:使用常规甘蔗专用除草剂进行芽前和芽后防治杂草,该品种虽对含敌草隆成分除草剂不敏感,但应尽可能避免除草剂直接喷施到蔗叶上。
(9)病害状况:该品种高抗黑穗病和梢腐病,无需进行人工刻意防治,部分蔗区会有叶焦病出现。
(10)砍收方式:工艺成熟期自动脱叶,适宜人工收获和机械收获。
(11)蔗种留存:全年蔗尾梢蔗茎留种,砍取梢部50 cm;半年蔗可全茎留种。冬季蔗种留存时间小于3周,春季蔗种留存时间小于2周。
  • 广西自然科学基金项目(2023GXNSFAA026459)
  • 广西重点研发计划项目(桂科农AB24153004)
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(32201910)
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2025年第46卷第10期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.10.008
  • 接收时间:2025-05-12
  • 首发时间:2026-03-09
  • 出版时间:2025-10-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-05-12
  • 录用日期:2025-06-19
基金
广西自然科学基金项目(2023GXNSFAA026459)
广西重点研发计划项目(桂科农AB24153004)
国家自然科学基金项目(32201910)
作者信息
    1.广西农业科学院甘蔗研究所/农业农村部广西甘蔗生物技术与遗传改良重点实验室/广西甘蔗遗传改良重点实验室,广西南宁 530007
    2.广西博庆食品有限公司,广西河池 546300
    3.广西博东食品有限公司,广西河池 547004
    4.广西博宣食品有限公司,广西来宾 545900

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种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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