Article(id=1237814979374674650, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1237814978405790425, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.10.024, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1745942400000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-30, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1748016000000, acceptedDateStr=2025-05-24, onlineDate=1773047688573, onlineDateStr=2026-03-09, pubDate=1761321600000, pubDateStr=2025-10-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773047688573, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773047688573, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773047688573, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1237814978405790425, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, year='2025', volume='46', issue='10', pageStart='2287', pageEnd='2547', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773047688342, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773049212967, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1237821373213635442, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1237814978405790425, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1237821373213635443, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1237814978405790425, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2538, endPage=2547, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1237814980922372839, articleId=1237814979374674650, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=EN, title=Preparation of Tea Tree Oil Chitosan Emulsion and Its Antioxidation and Anti-mildew Properties, columnId=1237814980427444960, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, columnName=Post-harvest Treatment & Agricultural Ecology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Tea tree oil (TTO) chitosan emulsion was prepared by ultra-high pressure homogenization method with natural TTO and chitosan as raw materials, Tween-80 as emulsifying agent, and ethanol as co-emulsifying agent. The preparation conditions were optimized by response surface test. The storage stability of TTO chitosan emulsion at different temperatures was investigated, and its antioxidant activity and mildew proof properties were evaluated. The optimal preparation conditions of the emulsion were as follows, the homogenization pressure 160 MPa, the mass fraction of tea tree oil 12%, and the mass fraction of compound emulsifier 4%. Under the conditions, the particle size of the emulsion was 99.24 nm. When stored at 4, 25 and 50 ℃ for 28 days, the particle size remained within 164 nm, the Zeta potential all exceeded 39 mV, and the PDI remained within 0.53, indicating that the storage stability of the emulsion was good. The IC50 value of DPPH radical and OH radical of the emulsion was 22.82 μL/mL and 18.75 μL/mL, respectively, indicating that the emulsion had good antioxidant activity. The mildew proof test showed that the mildew proof ability of bamboo treated with TTO chitosan emulsion was higher than that of untreated bamboo. When the treatment concentration was 80 μL/mL, the antifungal effect was significant.

, correspAuthors=Jingfan MA, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*MA Jingfan,E-mail:
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以天然来源的茶树精油及壳聚糖为原料,以吐温-80为乳化剂,无水乙醇为助乳化剂,采用超高压均质法制备茶树精油壳聚糖乳液,通过响应面试验优化其制备条件,考察茶树精油壳聚糖乳液在不同温度条件下的贮藏稳定性,并评价其抗氧化活性及防霉特性。结果表明:茶树精油壳聚糖乳液最佳的制备条件为均质压力160 MPa,茶树精油质量分数为12%,复合乳化剂质量分数为4%,在此条件下乳液粒径为99.24 nm。在4、25、50 ℃下贮藏28 d,其粒径保持在164 nm以内,Zeta电位均超过39 mV,多分散指数(PDI)保持在0.53以内,表明乳液的贮藏稳定性较好。乳液对DPPH自由基及OH自由基的IC50值分别为22.82、18.75 μL/mL,表明乳液具有较好的抗氧化活性。乳液防霉试验表明,经茶树精油壳聚糖乳液处理后,竹材的防霉能力与未处理竹材相比均有提高,当处理浓度为80 μL/mL时,防霉效果显著。

, correspAuthors=马景蕃, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*马景蕃,E-mail:
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刘喜明(1978—),男,博士,副教授,研究方向:天然产物活性及竹材防霉防腐研究。

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刘喜明(1978—),男,博士,副教授,研究方向:天然产物活性及竹材防霉防腐研究。

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刘喜明(1978—),男,博士,副教授,研究方向:天然产物活性及竹材防霉防腐研究。

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Crosslinking kinetics and application of chitosan-genipin nanogel[J]. Acta Polymerica Sinica, 2024, 55(3): 275-286. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Crosslinking kinetics and application of chitosan-genipin nanogel, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1237814992968413728, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814979374674650, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=32, authorNames=李熊志, 胡春, 张海龙, 张维农, journalName=中国油料作物学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李熊志, 胡春, 张海龙, 张维农. 亚麻籽油多层纳米凝胶乳液的特征、稳定性及消化特性研究[J/OL]. 中国油料作物学报, (2025-03-21)[2025-07-04]. https://doi.org/10.19802/j.issn.1007-9084.2024284., articleTitle=亚麻籽油多层纳米凝胶乳液的特征、稳定性及消化特性研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1237814993069077031, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814979374674650, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=33, authorNames=LI X Z, HU C, ZHANG H L, ZHANG W N, journalName=Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI X Z, HU C, ZHANG H L, ZHANG W N. Characteristics, stability and digestion traits of multilayer nanogel emulsion of flaxseed oil[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences, (2025-03-21)[2025-04-20]. https://doi.org/10.19802/j.issn.1007-9084.2024284. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Characteristics, stability and digestion traits of multilayer nanogel emulsion of flaxseed oil, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1237814993152963118, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814979374674650, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=24, issue=9, pageStart=167, pageEnd=183, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=34, authorNames=左云会, 胡腾根, 朱永清, 徐玉娟, 唐语谦, 余元善, journalName=中国食品学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=左云会, 胡腾根, 朱永清, 徐玉娟, 唐语谦, 余元善. 石榴皮活性物质提取及其W/O/W乳液稳态化包埋研究[J]. 中国食品学报, 2024, 24(9): 167-183., articleTitle=石榴皮活性物质提取及其W/O/W乳液稳态化包埋研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1237814993245237812, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814979374674650, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=24, issue=9, pageStart=167, pageEnd=183, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=35, authorNames=ZUO Y H, HU T G, ZHU Y Q, XU Y J, TANG Y Q, YU Y S, journalName=Journal of Chinese Institute of Food Science and Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZUO Y H, HU T G, ZHU Y Q, XU Y J, TANG Y Q, YU Y S. Studies on the extraction of active substances from pomegranate peel and its steady state embedding of W/O/W emulsion[J]. Journal of Chinese Institute of Food Science and Technology, 2024, 24(9): 167-183. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Studies on the extraction of active substances from pomegranate peel and its steady state embedding of W/O/W emulsion, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1237814993341706809, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814979374674650, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=18, issue=12, pageStart=180, pageEnd=187, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[28], rfOrder=36, authorNames=王星星, 李永华, 韦莹莹, 陶能国, 邵兴锋, journalName=中国食品学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王星星, 李永华, 韦莹莹, 陶能国, 邵兴锋. 茶树精油对灰葡萄孢霉活性氧代谢的影响[J]. 中国食品学报, 2018, 18(12): 180-187., articleTitle=茶树精油对灰葡萄孢霉活性氧代谢的影响, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1237814993429787199, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814979374674650, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=18, issue=12, pageStart=180, pageEnd=187, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[28], rfOrder=37, authorNames=WANG X X, LI Y H, WEI Y Y, TAO N G, SHAO X F, journalName=Journal of Chinese Institute of Food Science and Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG X X, LI Y H, WEI Y Y, TAO N G, SHAO X F. The effect of tea tree oil on reactive oxygen species metabolism of Botrytis cinerea[J]. Journal of Chinese Institute of Food Science and Technology, 2018, 18(12): 180-187. (in Chinese), articleTitle=The effect of tea tree oil on reactive oxygen species metabolism of Botrytis cinerea, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1237814993513673284, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814979374674650, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=38, authorNames=徐宏俊, 陈昌彪, 肖嘉豪, 潘健强, 沈利铭, 张艳, 孙芳利, journalName=林业工程学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=徐宏俊, 陈昌彪, 肖嘉豪, 潘健强, 沈利铭, 张艳, 孙芳利.壳聚糖季铵盐改性水性环氧树脂对木材尺寸稳定性及防腐防霉性能的影响[J/OL]. 林业工程学报, (2024-12-10) [2025-04-20]. https://doi.org/10.13360/j.issn.2096-1359.202-409007., articleTitle=壳聚糖季铵盐改性水性环氧树脂对木材尺寸稳定性及防腐防霉性能的影响, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1237814993597559369, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814979374674650, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=39, authorNames=XU H J, CHEN C B, XIAO J H, PAN J Q, SHEN L M, ZHANG Y, SUN F L, journalName=Journal of Forestry Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=XU H J, CHEN C B, XIAO J H, PAN J Q, SHEN L M, ZHANG Y, SUN F L. Effect of chitosan quaternary ammonium salt-modified waterborne epoxy resin on wood dimensional stability and anticorrosion/antimildew properties[J/OL]. Journal of Forestry Engineering, (2024-12-10) [2025-04-20]. https://doi.org/10.13360/j.issn.2096-1359.202409007. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Effect of chitosan quaternary ammonium salt-modified waterborne epoxy resin on wood dimensional stability and anticorrosion/antimildew properties, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1237814989457780983, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814979374674650, awardId=2024I0025, language=CN, fundingSource=福建省科技厅对外合作项目(2024I0025), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1237814983623504740, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814979374674650, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1237814983631893350, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814979374674650, companyId=1237814983623504740, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. College of Communication and Design, Longyan University, Longyan, Fujian 364012, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1237814983640281960, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814979374674650, companyId=1237814983623504740, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.龙岩学院传播与设计学院,福建龙岩 364012)]), AuthorCompany(id=1237814983770305386, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814979374674650, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1237814983778693995, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814979374674650, companyId=1237814983770305386, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. College of Life Sciences, Longyan University, Longyan, Fujian 364012, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1237814983782888300, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814979374674650, companyId=1237814983770305386, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.龙岩学院生命科学学院,福建龙岩 364012)]), AuthorCompany(id=1237814983904523128, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814979374674650, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1237814983908717433, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814979374674650, companyId=1237814983904523128, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3. Fujian Youchuang Agricultural Development Co., Ltd., Longyan, Fujian 364012, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1237814983912911738, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814979374674650, companyId=1237814983904523128, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.福建优创农业发展有限公司,福建龙岩 364012)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1237814986790203443, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814979374674650, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Effect of interaction of factors on emulsion particle size, figureFileSmall=fWZWp90g4NHBeh/IEZFv1w==, figureFileBig=V3x+cOMIu0d8aOQij8M+pQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1237814986899255359, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814979374674650, language=CN, label=图1, caption=因素的交互作用对乳液粒径的影响, figureFileSmall=fWZWp90g4NHBeh/IEZFv1w==, figureFileBig=V3x+cOMIu0d8aOQij8M+pQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1237814987108970575, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814979374674650, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=

Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference among treatments (P<0.05).

, figureFileSmall=Ss4bP9ZbFNPUaz0dJLxTWA==, figureFileBig=jokehjwGZE3Lb+tMfhBHEg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1237814987197050967, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814979374674650, language=CN, label=图2, caption=茶树精油及其乳液对DPPH自由基和OH自由基的清除作用

不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=Ss4bP9ZbFNPUaz0dJLxTWA==, figureFileBig=jokehjwGZE3Lb+tMfhBHEg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1237814987331268702, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814979374674650, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Antifungal effect of bamboo after TTO chitosan emulsion, figureFileSmall=sVjUum8ObZhyWB3AbpzoCA==, figureFileBig=3DX7o6fnXiu9f4K5OV+62A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1237814987431932005, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814979374674650, language=CN, label=图3, caption=茶树精油壳聚糖乳液处理竹材的防霉效果, figureFileSmall=sVjUum8ObZhyWB3AbpzoCA==, figureFileBig=3DX7o6fnXiu9f4K5OV+62A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1237814987540983914, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814979374674650, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Anti-mold effect of bamboo, figureFileSmall=kZXdq+F4JTatN9Myv9vYBw==, figureFileBig=zYIyQC4zr6GB63v/HDrOYA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1237814987662618740, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814979374674650, language=CN, label=图4, caption=竹材防霉效果, figureFileSmall=kZXdq+F4JTatN9Myv9vYBw==, figureFileBig=zYIyQC4zr6GB63v/HDrOYA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1237814987817807996, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814979374674650, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Grade of mold infection value of bamboo

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
感染值
Infection value
竹材感染面积
Infection area of bamboo
0竹材表面无菌丝、霉点
1竹材表面感染面积<1/4
21/4≤竹材表面感染面积<1/2
31/2≤竹材表面感染面积<3/4
4竹材表面感染面积≥3/4
), ArticleFig(id=1237814987947831429, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814979374674650, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

竹材被霉菌感染分级

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
感染值
Infection value
竹材感染面积
Infection area of bamboo
0竹材表面无菌丝、霉点
1竹材表面感染面积<1/4
21/4≤竹材表面感染面积<1/2
31/2≤竹材表面感染面积<3/4
4竹材表面感染面积≥3/4
), ArticleFig(id=1237814988082049165, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814979374674650, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Design and results of RSM

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号
No.
X1均质压力
Homogeneous pressure/Mpa
X2茶树精油质量分数
Mass fraction of TTO/%
X3复合乳化剂质量分数
Mass fraction of compound emulsifier/%
Y乳液粒径
Emulsion particle size/nm
11608499.42
2150102123.72
3150123134.67
4170104100.40
5160103183.45
6160103143.08
7160103179.77
816010398.78
9160103103.45
10170102107.48
1116082100.34
1216012299.42
13160124160.41
1417083109.55
15150104146.71
1615083191.46
17170123159.90
), ArticleFig(id=1237814988186906774, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814979374674650, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

响应面试验设计及结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号
No.
X1均质压力
Homogeneous pressure/Mpa
X2茶树精油质量分数
Mass fraction of TTO/%
X3复合乳化剂质量分数
Mass fraction of compound emulsifier/%
Y乳液粒径
Emulsion particle size/nm
11608499.42
2150102123.72
3150123134.67
4170104100.40
5160103183.45
6160103143.08
7160103179.77
816010398.78
9160103103.45
10170102107.48
1116082100.34
1216012299.42
13160124160.41
1417083109.55
15150104146.71
1615083191.46
17170123159.90
), ArticleFig(id=1237814988287570080, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814979374674650, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

Variance analysis of surface response test

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来源Source平方和SS自由度df均方MSFF valuePP value显著性Significance
模型17564.4491951.60284.58<0.0001**
A4222.8014222.80615.77<0.0001**
B1764.7711764.77257.34<0.0001**
C3435.3813435.38500.95<0.0001**
AB40.90140.905.960.0446*
AC114.171114.1716.650.0047**
BC58.14158.148.480.0226*
A22723.4712723.47397.14<0.0001**
B2745.671745.67108.73<0.0001**
C23716.0013716.00541.87<0.0001**
残差48.0076.86   
失拟项46.11315.3732.370.0594 
纯误差1.9040.47   
总和17612.4416    
), ArticleFig(id=1237814988400816297, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814979374674650, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

响应面试验结果的方差分析

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来源Source平方和SS自由度df均方MSFF valuePP value显著性Significance
模型17564.4491951.60284.58<0.0001**
A4222.8014222.80615.77<0.0001**
B1764.7711764.77257.34<0.0001**
C3435.3813435.38500.95<0.0001**
AB40.90140.905.960.0446*
AC114.171114.1716.650.0047**
BC58.14158.148.480.0226*
A22723.4712723.47397.14<0.0001**
B2745.671745.67108.73<0.0001**
C23716.0013716.00541.87<0.0001**
残差48.0076.86   
失拟项46.11315.3732.370.0594 
纯误差1.9040.47   
总和17612.4416    
), ArticleFig(id=1237814988535034036, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814979374674650, language=EN, label=Tab. 4, caption=

Particle size of TTO chitosan emulsion during different temperature storage

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贮藏时间
Storage time/d
粒径Particle size/nm
4 ℃25 ℃50 ℃
0100.37±8.32b100.29±10.21b100.41±6.43d
7102.25±5.84b103.95±9.23b111.36±10.25c
14105.31±9.11b106.38±9.46b125.85±9.54b
21109.76±8.25ab108.54±8.27ab130.33±8.51b
28114.19±6.33a116.92±6.56a152.46±11.29a
), ArticleFig(id=1237814988631503038, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814979374674650, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同温度贮藏茶树精油壳聚糖乳液的粒径

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贮藏时间
Storage time/d
粒径Particle size/nm
4 ℃25 ℃50 ℃
0100.37±8.32b100.29±10.21b100.41±6.43d
7102.25±5.84b103.95±9.23b111.36±10.25c
14105.31±9.11b106.38±9.46b125.85±9.54b
21109.76±8.25ab108.54±8.27ab130.33±8.51b
28114.19±6.33a116.92±6.56a152.46±11.29a
), ArticleFig(id=1237814988736360646, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814979374674650, language=EN, label=Tab. 5, caption=

Zeta potential of TTO chitosan emulsion during different temperature storage

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贮藏时间
Storage time/d
Zeta电位Zeta potential/mV
4 ℃25 ℃50 ℃
042.37±3.24a42.39±2.53a42.36±3.22a
742.16±4.85a42.12±3.46a41.87±2.45a
1441.95±2.77a41.97±5.08a41.04±4.35a
2141.34±2.84a41.23±4.14a40.27±3.41a
2841.09±6.17a40.96±3.85a39.17±4.09b
), ArticleFig(id=1237814988916715723, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814979374674650, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

不同温度贮藏茶树精油壳聚糖乳液的Zeta电位

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
贮藏时间
Storage time/d
Zeta电位Zeta potential/mV
4 ℃25 ℃50 ℃
042.37±3.24a42.39±2.53a42.36±3.22a
742.16±4.85a42.12±3.46a41.87±2.45a
1441.95±2.77a41.97±5.08a41.04±4.35a
2141.34±2.84a41.23±4.14a40.27±3.41a
2841.09±6.17a40.96±3.85a39.17±4.09b
), ArticleFig(id=1237814989029961943, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814979374674650, language=EN, label=Tab. 6, caption=

PDI of TTO chitosan emulsion during different temperature storage

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
贮藏时间
Storage time/d
多分散指数PDI
4 ℃25 ℃50 ℃
00.26±0.03a0.26±0.06a0.24±0.03b
70.28±0.05a0.18±0.02b0.29±0.05b
140.23±0.06a0.22±0.05a0.27±0.06b
210.25±0.05a0.19±0.03b0.32±0.09ab
280.27±0.03a0.23±0.02a0.38±0.15a
), ArticleFig(id=1237814989126430942, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814979374674650, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

不同温度贮藏茶树精油壳聚糖乳液的多分散指数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
贮藏时间
Storage time/d
多分散指数PDI
4 ℃25 ℃50 ℃
00.26±0.03a0.26±0.06a0.24±0.03b
70.28±0.05a0.18±0.02b0.29±0.05b
140.23±0.06a0.22±0.05a0.27±0.06b
210.25±0.05a0.19±0.03b0.32±0.09ab
280.27±0.03a0.23±0.02a0.38±0.15a
), ArticleFig(id=1237814989214511332, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814979374674650, language=EN, label=Tab. 7, caption=

Average preserving effects of bamboo on mold after TTO chitosan emulsion treatment

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
浓度
Concentration/(μL·mL‒1
平均防治效力Average preserving effect/%
绿色木霉
Trichoderma virens
黑曲霉
Aspergillus niger
桔青霉
Penicillium citrinum
514.317.416.1
2020.725.324.9
8082.891.290.8
), ArticleFig(id=1237814989331951854, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814979374674650, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

茶树精油壳聚糖乳液处理竹材对霉菌的平均防治效力

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
浓度
Concentration/(μL·mL‒1
平均防治效力Average preserving effect/%
绿色木霉
Trichoderma virens
黑曲霉
Aspergillus niger
桔青霉
Penicillium citrinum
514.317.416.1
2020.725.324.9
8082.891.290.8
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茶树精油壳聚糖乳液的制备及其抗氧化、防霉性能研究
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刘喜明 1 , 曹红云 2 , 陈雪梅 2 , 廖晓宝 3 , 马景蕃 2, *
热带作物学报 | 采后处理与质量安全 2025,46(10): 2538-2547
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热带作物学报 | 采后处理与质量安全 2025, 46(10): 2538-2547
茶树精油壳聚糖乳液的制备及其抗氧化、防霉性能研究
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刘喜明1, 曹红云2, 陈雪梅2, 廖晓宝3, 马景蕃2, *
作者信息
  • 1.龙岩学院传播与设计学院,福建龙岩 364012
  • 2.龙岩学院生命科学学院,福建龙岩 364012
  • 3.福建优创农业发展有限公司,福建龙岩 364012
  • 刘喜明(1978—),男,博士,副教授,研究方向:天然产物活性及竹材防霉防腐研究。

通讯作者:

*马景蕃,E-mail:
Preparation of Tea Tree Oil Chitosan Emulsion and Its Antioxidation and Anti-mildew Properties
Ximing LIU1, Hongyun CAO2, Xuemei CHEN2, Xiaobao LIAO3, Jingfan MA2, *
Affiliations
  • 1. College of Communication and Design, Longyan University, Longyan, Fujian 364012, China
  • 2. College of Life Sciences, Longyan University, Longyan, Fujian 364012, China
  • 3. Fujian Youchuang Agricultural Development Co., Ltd., Longyan, Fujian 364012, China
出版时间: 2025-10-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.10.024
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以天然来源的茶树精油及壳聚糖为原料,以吐温-80为乳化剂,无水乙醇为助乳化剂,采用超高压均质法制备茶树精油壳聚糖乳液,通过响应面试验优化其制备条件,考察茶树精油壳聚糖乳液在不同温度条件下的贮藏稳定性,并评价其抗氧化活性及防霉特性。结果表明:茶树精油壳聚糖乳液最佳的制备条件为均质压力160 MPa,茶树精油质量分数为12%,复合乳化剂质量分数为4%,在此条件下乳液粒径为99.24 nm。在4、25、50 ℃下贮藏28 d,其粒径保持在164 nm以内,Zeta电位均超过39 mV,多分散指数(PDI)保持在0.53以内,表明乳液的贮藏稳定性较好。乳液对DPPH自由基及OH自由基的IC50值分别为22.82、18.75 μL/mL,表明乳液具有较好的抗氧化活性。乳液防霉试验表明,经茶树精油壳聚糖乳液处理后,竹材的防霉能力与未处理竹材相比均有提高,当处理浓度为80 μL/mL时,防霉效果显著。

茶树精油壳聚糖乳液  /  超高压制备  /  稳定性  /  抗氧化性  /  防霉特性

Tea tree oil (TTO) chitosan emulsion was prepared by ultra-high pressure homogenization method with natural TTO and chitosan as raw materials, Tween-80 as emulsifying agent, and ethanol as co-emulsifying agent. The preparation conditions were optimized by response surface test. The storage stability of TTO chitosan emulsion at different temperatures was investigated, and its antioxidant activity and mildew proof properties were evaluated. The optimal preparation conditions of the emulsion were as follows, the homogenization pressure 160 MPa, the mass fraction of tea tree oil 12%, and the mass fraction of compound emulsifier 4%. Under the conditions, the particle size of the emulsion was 99.24 nm. When stored at 4, 25 and 50 ℃ for 28 days, the particle size remained within 164 nm, the Zeta potential all exceeded 39 mV, and the PDI remained within 0.53, indicating that the storage stability of the emulsion was good. The IC50 value of DPPH radical and OH radical of the emulsion was 22.82 μL/mL and 18.75 μL/mL, respectively, indicating that the emulsion had good antioxidant activity. The mildew proof test showed that the mildew proof ability of bamboo treated with TTO chitosan emulsion was higher than that of untreated bamboo. When the treatment concentration was 80 μL/mL, the antifungal effect was significant.

tea tree oil chitosan emulsion  /  ultra high pressure preparation  /  stability  /  antioxidant activity  /  anti-mildew property
刘喜明, 曹红云, 陈雪梅, 廖晓宝, 马景蕃. 茶树精油壳聚糖乳液的制备及其抗氧化、防霉性能研究. 热带作物学报, 2025 , 46 (10) : 2538 -2547 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.10.024
Ximing LIU, Hongyun CAO, Xuemei CHEN, Xiaobao LIAO, Jingfan MA. Preparation of Tea Tree Oil Chitosan Emulsion and Its Antioxidation and Anti-mildew Properties[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2025 , 46 (10) : 2538 -2547 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.10.024
茶树精油(tea tree oil,TTO)是从澳洲茶树(Melaleuca alternifolia)的茎叶中提取的天然活性物质[1],具有广谱抗菌、抗炎、抗氧化及防霉等特性[2],被广泛应用于医药、食品保鲜和日化产品领域。然而,茶树精油本身存在水溶性差、易氧化挥发、生物利用率低等问题[3],严重限制了其实际应用。近年来,通过乳化技术将茶树精油包裹于生物相容性材料中制成乳液以提高其应用性和稳定性[4]成为研究热点。壳聚糖是自然界唯一带阳离子的碱性多糖,是一种可再生的天然高分子物质,具有无毒、生物相容性好、可生物降解及抗菌性能强等优点,可与带多个负电荷的其他物质发生交联,保护生物活性成分不受外界环境的影响,已被广泛用作天然乳化载体,可有效保护活性成分并实现缓释功能[5]。另外,壳聚糖在溶液中的特殊链结构可以渗透到竹材细胞壁中,形成互穿的聚合物网络结构,竹材中含有大量羟基,可以和壳聚糖中的氨基或羟基形成分子间氢键,可以减少聚合物在竹材中的流失[6]。研究发现,乳液可以保护、携带和释放生物活性物质[7],另外,亲脂性化合物在乳化后界面面积增大,可提高其水溶性和生物利用率[8]。超高压均质作为一种新型食品加工技术,在一些油溶性成分乳液的制备中已得到应用,该技术具有表面活性剂的用量少、乳液粒径小、乳化时间短、体系稳定等优点。已有采用超高压均质制备大豆多肽纳米乳[9]、桂鱼乳[10]等乳液的文献报道。
基于此,本研究以超临界CO2萃取的茶树精油为原料,结合壳聚糖的成膜特性与超高压均质技术,优化制备工艺参数(均质压力、壳聚糖浓度及乳化剂配比),系统评价制得乳液的理化性质、抗氧化活性及防霉性能。通过响应面法优化工艺,结合体外抗氧化模型(DPPH、OH自由基清除试验)及竹材防霉试验,阐明乳液的活性维持机制,旨在为开发高效稳定的茶树精油功能化产品提供理论依据与技术参考
供试毛竹为5年生,采自福建省龙岩市东肖镇,长约12 m,端头直径10 cm以上,用推台锯和压刨加工成长×宽×厚为50 mm×20 mm×5 mm的去青、去黄、去节竹材试样。为保证试验的准确性,从加工的竹材试样中随机选择12片竹材为一组试样。茶树精油由本课题组通过超临界CO2工艺提取,经GC-MS分离出49种组分,松油烯-4-醇含量最高为32.41%,其次为γ-萜品烯,含量为17.12%,2-蒈烯含量为10.79%,1,8-桉叶素含量为1.07%,符合GB/T 26514—2011[11]中松油烯-4-醇含量≥30%,1,8-桉叶素含量≤5%的规定。
高分子壳聚糖(黏度为50~800 mPa·s)、吐温-80(分析纯)均购自国药集团化学试剂有限公司。L-抗坏血酸(分析纯)购自上海麦克林生化科技有限公司。黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)、桔青霉(Penicillium citrinum)和绿色木霉(Trichoderma viride)均购自上海保藏生物技术中心。
Ultra-Turrax T25高速分散机,德国IKA仪器设备有限公司;STANSTED高压纳米均质仪,英国SFP公司;Zetasizer NANOZS90纳米粒度及Zeta电位分析仪,英国Malvern公司;Bio-TekELX800酶标仪,美国宝特公司。
取1.5 g壳聚糖缓慢加入到100 mL含有质量分数为1%的醋酸水溶液中,磁力搅拌,待壳聚糖充分溶解后,超声去除溶液中的空气即得到均一的壳聚糖溶液。以吐温-80为乳化剂,无水乙醇为助乳化剂,根据前期试验,二者比例为3∶1时,乳液粒径与多分散指数(PDI)最小,并且粒径分布最窄,所以确定乳化剂与助乳化剂比例为3∶1。向烧杯中加入一定质量分数的茶树精油、吐温-80与助乳化剂,在37 ℃水浴条件下,以600 r/min下均匀搅拌20 min,加入1.5%壳聚糖溶液后继续搅拌30 min形成粗乳液。将得到的粗乳液利用高速剪切机以13 000 r/min速度剪切3 min,在25 ℃、一定压力条件下采用高压纳米均质仪均质3次,得到粒径较为均一的茶树精油壳聚糖乳液。
茶树精油壳聚糖乳液体系配方的设计原则为:使用最少的复合乳化剂乳化最大量的茶树精油。在前期单因素试验的基础上,茶树精油较优的质量分数为10%,复合乳化剂较优的质量分数为3%,均质压力为160 MPa,根据Box-Benhnken中心组合试验设计原理,进行三因素三水平试验,以乳液粒径为响应面值,优化茶树精油壳聚糖乳液的配比。
取适量的乳液用超纯水稀释200倍,摇晃均匀,用纳米粒度及电位分析仪分别测定乳液的平均粒径、PDI及Zeta电位。
将制备的茶树精油壳聚糖乳液分别于4、25、50 ℃条件下放置28 d,每7 d测定1次乳液的平均粒径、PDI及Zeta电位。
以抗坏血酸为对照,参照文献[12-13]的方法测定茶树精油壳聚糖乳液的清除DPPH及OH自由基活性。
采用6种不同浓度(0、5、10、20、40、80 μL/mL,以茶树精油计)的茶树精油壳聚糖乳液处理竹材试样。乳液处理方式:分别将每组12片竹材试样置于干燥箱中,设置干燥温度为100 ℃,干燥时间24 h,然后将竹材试样置于装有茶树精油壳聚糖乳液的高压浸注罐中进行浸注处理。浸注过程中,先进行前真空处理,设置真空度为0.01 MPa,时间为1.5 h,再进行加压浸注处理,设置真空度为1.2 MPa,时间为3 h。浸注结束后,取出竹材试样,用滤纸吸去表面多余的茶树精油壳聚糖乳液。将试样置于通风橱内通风14 d后进行竹材防霉试验。为了保证试验的准确性,设定6组平行试验,取平均值。
参照GB/T 18261—2013中的方法进行竹材的防霉性能试验。主要步骤如下:取24 g马铃薯淀粉和18 g琼脂,加入1000 mL蒸馏水,搅拌均匀后高温灭菌,制作平板培养基,待平板凝固后置于恒温恒湿培养箱[温度(27±2)℃,相对湿度(85±5)%]中培养,进行无菌筛查。用接菌针将黑曲霉、桔青霉、绿色木霉分别接种在培养基表面,置于恒温恒湿培养箱中培养,待接种的霉菌扩张至整个平板面积的80%左右后,在平板培养基表面放置2根直径为3 mm的玻璃棒,在玻璃棒上横放2片竹材试样,用封口膜密封后置于恒温恒湿箱中培养30 d,每2 d观察1次竹材表面的霉菌感染面积,根据表1记录感染值,30 d后取平均值计算各处理对霉菌的防治效力。防治效力按如下公式计算:
式中,D1为处理竹材的平均感染值;D0为对照竹材的平均感染值。
试验结果以平均数±标准差表示,使用SPSS 22.0统计软件对数据进行显著性分析(P<0.05),采用Design Expert 8.0.6软件进行响应面分析,使用Origin 8.0软件制图。
基于三因素三水平的Box-Benhnken中心组合试验设计,系统考察了均质压力(X1)、茶树精油质量分数(X2)、复合乳化剂质量分数(X3)对乳液粒径(Y)的影响规律,试验设计及结果见表2。通过Design-Expert软件构建二次多项式回归模型,并采用方差分析(ANOVA)验证模型显著性,最终优化工艺参数以降低乳液粒径。
基于表2数据进行多元回归分析建立了茶树精油壳聚糖乳液粒径的二次多项式预测模型:
模型验证指标显示,决定系数(R2)为0.9973,说明模型中的自变量(均质压力、复合乳化剂质量分数、茶树精油质量分数及其交互项与二次项)可解释因变量(乳液粒径)99.73%的变异,表明试验数据与模型预测值高度吻合[14]。校正决定系数()为0.9938,表明模型可解释99.38%以上的数据变异,具备优异的预测能力。2个系数均高于0.9000,反映模型不仅能精准拟合当前试验数据,还具备对未知数据的高预测精度,可有效指导工艺参数优化。精密度值(46.550)和低变异系数(1.99%)进一步证实了模型的高可靠性与试验数据的良好重现性,可以用该方程对茶树精油壳聚糖乳液粒径进行准确预测和分析。方差分析(表3)显示,模型整体极显著(P<0.0001),失拟项不显著(P=0.0594),证实模型构建合理且实验误差可控。具体而言,均质压力(X1)、茶树精油质量分数(X2)、复合乳化剂质量分数(X3)及其交互项X1X3、二次项均对粒径产生极显著影响(P<0.01)。通过F值比较发现,各因素对乳液粒径的影响强度为:均质压力(X1)>复合乳化剂质量分数(X3)>茶树精油质量分数(X2)。
均质压力、复合乳化剂质量分数和茶树精油质量分数三因素之间的交互影响见图1。由图1A图1B可知,随着均质压力的增大,乳液的粒径先减小后趋于缓和,这可能是由于随着压力的增大,乳液颗粒发生高速碰撞,在剪切、撞击、空穴效应和动态搅拌的作用下,形成小的液滴,复合乳化剂在液滴表面形成乳化层,防止液滴聚集[15]。但当继续增加压力,乳液颗粒继续变小,就会形成巨大的表面积,使有限的复合乳化剂难以完全覆盖液滴表面,导致液滴聚集,聚集作用和破裂作用达到平衡,平均粒径减小不显著。由图1A图1C可知,随着茶树精油质量分数的增加,乳液粒径变化不大,这可能是由于在乳化体系中,茶树精油添加量在一定范围内时,有充足的乳化剂可在液滴表面形成乳化剂层,降低液滴表面张力,防止液滴间发生聚合。由图1B图1C可以看出,随着复合乳化剂质量分数的增加,乳液的粒径先减小后增大,这可能是由于随着复合乳化剂添加量的增加,可在油滴表面包裹形成乳化剂层,降低表面张力,防止油滴聚合,但当继续增加复合乳化剂,体系内无足够的茶树精油滴,多余的乳化剂在微粒之间连接,液滴聚合,反而增大乳液的粒径[16]。由图1B可知,均质压力与复合乳化剂质量分数两因素的等高线均为相对密集的椭圆形,说明交互作用最为显著,这与模型中F值的分析结果一致。
通过响应面回归方程,得到3个因素最佳的条件:均质压力为160 MPa,茶树精油质量分数为12%,复合乳化剂质量分数为4%,在此条件下模型预测的粒径为99.92 nm,乳液实际粒径为99.24 nm,与理论值接近,RSD为0.38%,证明该回归模型是可靠的。
乳液在贮藏或运输过程中,温度对其稳定性具有显著的影响。温度升高引起乳液粒子吸收能量,布朗运动增强,进而引起乳液破乳或液滴聚合等现象。将茶树精油壳聚糖乳液在4、25、50 ℃下贮藏28 d,其稳定性结果见表4~表6
表4表5可知,在4、25 ℃的贮藏温度下,28 d内茶树精油壳聚糖乳液的粒径和Zeta电位值变化均较小。4、25 ℃条件下,28 d后乳液的平均粒径增长率分别为13.8%和16.6%。而在50 ℃贮藏温度下,乳液的粒径变化显著,其平均增长率为51.8%,这可能是由于较高的环境温度使乳液分子运动速率增加,粒子相互碰撞聚集,导致粒径变大,但乳液未出现破乳或相分离的现象。Zeta电位可反映油滴表面电荷量的多少,其大小与乳液的物理稳定性呈正相关,一般来说,乳液越稳定,Zeta电位的绝对值越大[17]。由表5可知,在4、25 ℃贮藏温度下,不同贮藏时间的乳液Zeta电位均无显著变化,在50 ℃贮藏28 d时,乳液的Zeta电位变化显著,但在不同的贮藏温度与时间下,乳液的Zeta电位均超过39 mV,说明分散的茶树精油在壳聚糖水相中具有较强的静电排斥作用,乳液具有良好的物理稳定性[18]。PDI值可以反映分散体系中粒径的分布情况,PDI值越小,则乳液粒径分布的范围越小,体系就越稳定[19]。如表6所示,在不同贮藏温度和贮藏时间下,乳液的PDI值呈波动变化趋势,除在50 ℃下贮藏超过21 d,乳液的PDI值大于0.3,其他PDI值均小于0.3,表明茶树精油壳聚糖乳液在贮藏期间颗粒高度均匀,分布范围窄。
以相同浓度的抗坏血酸(Vc)作为对照,测定茶树精油及其乳液对DPPH自由基的清除能力,结果表明,随着浓度增大,茶树精油及其乳液对DPPH自由基的清除效果逐渐增强,呈现明显的剂量依赖性。当茶树精油的浓度大于20 μL/mL时,茶树精油与乳液对DPPH自由基的清除率具有显著差异(图2A)。茶树精油及其乳液对DPPH自由基的IC50值分别为31.43、22.82 μL/mL(以茶树精油计),说明将茶树精油制备成乳液可以显著提高其清除DPPH自由基的能力[20]。与清除DPPH自由基相似,茶树精油及其乳液清除OH自由基的作用也随着浓度的增加而增加,当茶树精油的浓度为10、20 μL/mL时,茶树精油与乳液对OH自由基的清除率具有显著差异(图2B)。茶树精油及其乳液对OH自由基的IC50值分别为22.98、18.75 μL/mL,说明将茶树精油制备成乳液可以显著提高其清除OH自由基的能力[21]。综上,与茶树精油相比,茶树精油壳聚糖乳液可以显著提高其抗氧化性。
不同浓度的茶树精油壳聚糖乳液处理后,竹材试样经绿色木霉、桔青霉和黑曲霉侵染30 d的平均感染值如图3所示,各处理的竹材对3种霉菌的综合防治效力如表7所示,图4为利用80 μL/mL茶树精油壳聚糖乳液处理后,竹材经绿色木霉、桔青霉和黑曲霉处理30 d的侵染效果。结果表明,未经茶树精油壳聚糖乳液处理的竹材防霉效果最差,3种霉菌菌丝在第2天即感染竹材试样,绿色木霉菌丝在第6天布满整个竹材表面,黑曲霉和桔青霉菌丝在第8天布满整个竹材表面。经茶树精油壳聚糖乳液处理的竹材其防霉性能有所提高。如图3所示,经5 μL/mL茶树精油壳聚糖乳液处理的竹材,绿色木霉、黑曲霉和桔青霉分别在第4、6、6天感染竹材样品,其菌丝分别在第12、16、14天布满整个竹材试样;由表7可知,5 μL/mL茶树精油壳聚糖乳液处理的竹材对3种霉菌的平均防治效力分别为14.3%、17.4%和16.1%。经20 μL/mL茶树精油壳聚糖乳液处理的竹材,绿色木霉、黑曲霉和桔青霉分别在第6、8、8天感染竹材样品,其菌丝分别在第22、24、24天布满整个竹材试样,经20 μL/mL茶树精油壳聚糖乳液处理的竹材对3种霉菌的平均防治效力分别为20.7%、25.3%和24.9%。经80 μL/mL茶树精油壳聚糖乳液处理的竹材,其防霉性能明显提高,绿色木霉、黑曲霉和桔青霉分别在第10、14、14天感染竹材表面,直到试验结束,竹材表面只有少量菌丝,均未被全部感染,经20 μL/mL茶树精油壳聚糖乳液处理的竹材对3种霉菌的平均防治效力分别高达82.8%、91.2%和90.8%。
本研究中均质压力(X1)对粒径的影响最为显著(F值最高),这与高压均质过程中剪切力、空穴效应和撞击作用的协同破碎机制密切相关。当压力达到160 MPa时,粒径趋于稳定,可能因乳化剂覆盖率的临界效应,过高的压力导致液滴表面积激增,而乳化剂不足以完全包裹新界面,促使动态平衡形成(聚集与破碎速率相当)。这一现象与蔡芸丹等[22]在乳液中的发现一致,表明乳化剂与均质压力的适配性是工艺优化的核心。复合乳化剂(X3)的添加量呈现非线性影响(粒径先降后升),其机制可能是适量乳化剂降低界面张力,抑制液滴聚并,乳化剂过量时,未吸附的游离乳化分子通过桥联作用引发乳液絮凝。这与壳聚糖分子链的柔性特性相关——高浓度下分子间缠绕可能削弱界面膜强度[23]。茶树精油质量分数(X2)对粒径影响较弱,可能归因于试验范围内(8%~12%)壳聚糖的乳化能力足以包覆油相,表明壳聚糖作为天然乳化剂在高油载量下的潜力。
乳液的贮藏稳定性与其物理化学特性密切相关。4 ℃和25 ℃下粒径增长缓慢(<17%),而50 ℃下显著升高(51.8%),这与高温加速液滴布朗运动及奥斯特瓦尔德熟化效应有关[24]。值得注意的是,即使高温下Zeta电位绝对值仍大于30 mV,表明壳聚糖的正电荷层通过静电排斥有效抑制聚并,而PDI值升高(>0.3)可能源于局部热扰动引起的粒径分布展宽,但未出现相分离,说明壳聚糖的空间位阻作用对稳定性具有重要贡献[25]。这一双重稳定机制(静电+空间位阻)为开发耐温型纳米乳液提供了新思路。
乳液的抗氧化活性显著提升可能源于乳液的微小粒径增大了茶树精油活性成分的比表面积,促进其与自由基的接触效率。另外,乳液体系可阻隔氧气渗透,延缓精油的氧化降解[26],这一发现与左云会等[27]报道的乳液中多酚稳定性增强现象相符,表明乳化技术是提升疏水性活性成分功能的有效策略。
高浓度乳液(80 μL/mL)对3种霉菌的防治效力达82.8%~91.2%,显著优于低浓度组,结果表明,乳液的微小粒径可增强其在竹材微孔中的渗透性,延长活性成分的缓释时间。王星星等[28]研究表明,茶树精油可以破坏霉菌细胞膜完整性,而壳聚糖可通过正电荷吸附抑制孢子萌发,其形成的物理屏障可阻碍菌丝附着[29]。这一结果为开发绿色竹材防腐剂提供了理论依据。
以天然来源的茶树精油及壳聚糖为原料,以吐温‒80为乳化剂,无水乙醇为助乳化剂,超高压均质制备了茶树精油壳聚糖乳液,采用响应面法对制备条件进行了优化,得到最佳的制备条件:均质压力为160 MPa,茶树精油质量分数为12%,复合乳化剂质量分数4%,在此条件下乳液粒径为99.24 nm,在4、25、50 ℃下贮藏28 d,乳液粒径保持在164 nm以内,Zeta电位均超过39 mV,PDI值保持在0.53以内,表明乳液的贮藏稳定性很好。茶树精油壳聚糖乳液对DPPH自由基及OH自由基的IC50值分别为22.82、18.75 μL/mL,显示乳液具有较好的抗氧化活性。经80 μL/mL茶树精油壳聚糖乳液处理的竹材试样,对绿色木霉、桔青霉和黑曲霉侵染30 d的平均防治效力分别为82.8%、91.2%和90.8%,表明茶树精油及壳聚糖乳液具有较好的防霉特性。本研究初步构建了茶树精油壳聚糖乳液体系,并验证其稳定性、抗氧化及防霉性能,后续可进一步研究乳液抗氧化与防霉的分子作用机制,明确茶树精油与壳聚糖的协同效应路径。另外,还可评估茶树精油壳聚糖乳液在食品保鲜、医药载体或农业抑菌等领域的适用性,探索其与生物基材料的复合功效,以提升其功能性与环境适配性。
  • 福建省科技厅对外合作项目(2024I0025)
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.10.024
  • 接收时间:2025-04-30
  • 首发时间:2026-03-09
  • 出版时间:2025-10-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-04-30
  • 录用日期:2025-05-24
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福建省科技厅对外合作项目(2024I0025)
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    1.龙岩学院传播与设计学院,福建龙岩 364012
    2.龙岩学院生命科学学院,福建龙岩 364012
    3.福建优创农业发展有限公司,福建龙岩 364012

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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