Article(id=1237016051104403925, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1237016039171608726, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.09.023, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1744473600000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-13, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1746115200000, acceptedDateStr=2025-05-02, onlineDate=1772857209230, onlineDateStr=2026-03-07, pubDate=1758729600000, pubDateStr=2025-09-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1772857209230, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-07, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1772857209230, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1772857209230, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1237016039171608726, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, year='2025', volume='46', issue='9', pageStart='2031', pageEnd='2286', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1772857206385, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773049161445, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1237821157118890427, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1237016039171608726, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1237821157118890428, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1237016039171608726, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2259, endPage=2270, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1237016052794708494, articleId=1237016051104403925, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=EN, title=Framework and Emerging Directions for Remote Sensing in Chinese Tropical Agriculture, columnId=1236286112713470633, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, columnName=Post-harvest Treatment & Quality Safety, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Tropical agriculture is critical to global food security and rural revitalization. However, its modernization is constrained by complex terrain, climatic variability and frequent disasters. Remote sensing, with its capacity for large-scale, real-time information acquisition, has emerged as a key enabler for smart and precision agriculture in tropical regions. This study established a framework for remote sensing research in China's tropical agriculture, proposing an integrated “space-air-ground” observation strategy and explaining the resolution-to-application matching mechanism, in which low-, medium-, and high-resolution observations are respectively suited for regional resource surveys, farmland growth monitoring, and field-scale phenotypic diagnostics. It reviewed progress in natural resource surveys, crop monitoring yield estimation, disaster assessment and ecological evaluation, analyzed challenges such as insufficient ground-truth data, limited model transferability, poor regional adaptability and low transformation efficiency; and proposes key innovation paths including coordinated sensing, multi-modal data fusion, intelligent modeling and digital twin-based forecasting. Finally, it outlined future directions focusing on system integration, intelligent perception, and global collaboration. The findings would provide theoretical and technical support for enhancing remote sensing applications in tropical agriculture.

, correspAuthors=Yiwen MA, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Hailiang LI, Weiguang LI, Guanghui TIAN, Xiaojuan LIU, Qiting HUANG, Qian ZHENG, Yiwen MA), CN=ArticleExt(id=1237016053566460498, articleId=1237016051104403925, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=CN, title=中国热带农业遥感研究体系框架与展望, columnId=1237016045714723050, journalTitle=热带作物学报, columnName=采后处理与农业生态, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

热带农业对全球粮食安全和乡村振兴至关重要,但复杂的地理环境、气候条件以及频发灾害共同制约其现代化进程。遥感技术凭借大范围、高时效的信息获取优势,已成为推动热带农业智慧化与精准化管理的关键工具。本文构建了中国热带农业遥感研究的体系框架,提出了“天空地”(即天-空-地)一体化观测理念,阐释了低、中、高分辨率的分层观测体系与区域资源调查、农田长势监测及地块表型诊断之间的技术适配关系;系统回顾了遥感在资源调查、作物监测、产量估测、灾害评估与生态评价等领域的应用进展;分析了数据支撑不足、模型迁移性弱、区域适应性差与成果转化效率低等现实问题;提出构建遥感协同观测、多模态融合、智能建模与数字孪生预测体系,并展望“系统集成-智能感知-全球协同”的未来发展方向。该研究结果为提升我国热带农业遥感技术的系统性与实用性提供理论基础与技术支撑。

, correspAuthors=马艺文, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 马艺文(MA Yiwen),E-mail:
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李海亮(1977—),男,硕士,副研究员,研究方向:热带农业遥感。

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李海亮(1977—),男,硕士,副研究员,研究方向:热带农业遥感。

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(in Chinese), articleTitle=Assessment and prediction of land use/cover changes and their impact on carbon storage in the coastal zone of Hainan island, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1237023471042089677, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237016051104403925, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[52], rfOrder=93, authorNames=谢亮亮, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=谢亮亮. 基于遥感的广西北部湾红树林演变研究[D]. 长沙: 湖南农业大学, 2020., articleTitle=基于遥感的广西北部湾红树林演变研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1237023471125975756, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237016051104403925, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[52], rfOrder=94, authorNames=XIE L L, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=XIE L L. Study on mangrove evolution in Guangxi Beibu Gulf based on remote sensing[D]. Changsha: Hunan Agricultural University, 2020. 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Analysis of different satellite-based SIF products of the rubber plantations in Hainan island and their effects on GPP estimate[J]. Journal of Tropical Biology, 2023, 14(4): 412-423. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Analysis of different satellite-based SIF products of the rubber plantations in Hainan island and their effects on GPP estimate, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1237023471453131474, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237016051104403925, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[54], rfOrder=97, authorNames=彭燕, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=彭燕. 西双版纳橡胶林适宜种植海拔上限及不适宜种植区生态修复[D]. 昆明: 云南师范大学, 2023., articleTitle=西双版纳橡胶林适宜种植海拔上限及不适宜种植区生态修复, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1237023471524434644, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237016051104403925, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[54], rfOrder=98, authorNames=PENG Y, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=PENG Y. Suitable planting upper altitude identification and unsuitable planted area ecological restoration of rubber forest in Xishuangbanna[D]. Kunming: Yunnan Normal University, 2023. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Suitable planting upper altitude identification and unsuitable planted area ecological restoration of rubber forest in Xishuangbanna, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1237023471629292246, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237016051104403925, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[55], rfOrder=99, authorNames=郭佳炜, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=郭佳炜. 海南岛农业生态指数综合评估及关键指标遥感监测研究[D]. 连云港: 江苏海洋大学, 2022., articleTitle=海南岛农业生态指数综合评估及关键指标遥感监测研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1237023471704789719, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237016051104403925, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[55], rfOrder=100, authorNames=GUO J W, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GUO J W. Comprehensive evaluation of agroecological index in Hainan island and remote sensing monitoring of key indicators[D]. Lianyungang: Jiangsu Ocean University, 2022. 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Current situations and prospects of smart agriculture[J]. Journal of South China Agricultural University, 2021, 42(6): 1-7. 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Technology study on near-real-time remote sensing agricultural information monitoring based on filed parcel[D]. Chengdu: Chengdu University of Technology, 2021. 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Conservation and innovative utilization of tropical crops germplasm resources in China[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2023, 44(10): 1994-1999. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Conservation and innovative utilization of tropical crops germplasm resources in China, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1237023473298625255, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237016051104403925, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[59], rfOrder=107, authorNames=周楠, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=周楠. 基于深度学习的精细化土地覆盖变化遥感提取方法研究[D]. 北京: 中国科学院大学(中国科学院空天信息创新研究院), 2022., articleTitle=基于深度学习的精细化土地覆盖变化遥感提取方法研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1237023473390899945, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237016051104403925, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[59], rfOrder=108, authorNames=ZHOU N, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHOU N. Deep learning-based fine-grained land cover change detection on remote sensing images[D]. Beijing: University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Aerospace Information Research Institute, CAS), 2022. 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Matching relationship between remote sensing technology and tropical agricultural issues

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
农业问题Agricultural issue适用技术Applicable technologies典型案例Typical cases
作物识别与分类高分辨率卫星/无人机多光谱GF-2影像椰子林分类[3]
作物表型监测地面高光谱+深度学习橡胶林磷含量高光谱诊断[4]
灾害动态监测多源卫星+气象数据融合海南西部橡胶林龙卷风灾情评估[5]
土壤侵蚀评估中分辨率卫星+RUSLE模型海南昌化江流域土壤侵蚀分析[6]
), ArticleFig(id=1237023454193569916, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237016051104403925, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

遥感技术与热带农业问题的匹配关系

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
农业问题Agricultural issue适用技术Applicable technologies典型案例Typical cases
作物识别与分类高分辨率卫星/无人机多光谱GF-2影像椰子林分类[3]
作物表型监测地面高光谱+深度学习橡胶林磷含量高光谱诊断[4]
灾害动态监测多源卫星+气象数据融合海南西部橡胶林龙卷风灾情评估[5]
土壤侵蚀评估中分辨率卫星+RUSLE模型海南昌化江流域土壤侵蚀分析[6]
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中国热带农业遥感研究体系框架与展望
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李海亮 1, 2 , 李伟光 3 , 田光辉 4 , 刘晓娟 5 , 黄启厅 6 , 郑倩 1, 2 , 马艺文 1, 2, *
热带作物学报 | 采后处理与农业生态 2025,46(9): 2259-2270
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热带作物学报 | 采后处理与农业生态 2025, 46(9): 2259-2270
中国热带农业遥感研究体系框架与展望
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李海亮1, 2, 李伟光3, 田光辉4, 刘晓娟5, 黄启厅6, 郑倩1, 2, 马艺文1, 2, *
作者信息
  • 1.中国热带农业科学院科技信息研究所/海南省南海气象防灾减灾重点实验室/海南省热带作物信息技术应用研究重点实验室,海南海口 571101
  • 2.海南省唐华俊院士工作站,海南海口 571101
  • 3.海南省气候中心,海南海口 570203
  • 4.海南省气象科学研究所,海南海口 570203
  • 5.自然资源部海南基础地理信息中心,海南海口 570203
  • 6.广西农业科学院农业科技信息研究所,广西南宁 530007
  • 李海亮(1977—),男,硕士,副研究员,研究方向:热带农业遥感。

通讯作者:

* 马艺文(MA Yiwen),E-mail:
Framework and Emerging Directions for Remote Sensing in Chinese Tropical Agriculture
Hailiang LI1, 2, Weiguang LI3, Guanghui TIAN4, Xiaojuan LIU5, Qiting HUANG6, Qian ZHENG1, 2, Yiwen MA1, 2, *
Affiliations
  • 1.Institute of Scientific and Technological Information, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of South China Sea Meteorological Disaster Prevention and Mitigation of Hainan Province / Key Laboratory of Applied Research on Tropical Crop Information Technology of Hainan Province, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China
  • 2.Hainan Tang Huajun Academician Workstation, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China
  • 3.Hainan Climate Center, Haikou, Hainan 570203, China
  • 4.Hainan Institute of Meteorological Sciences, Haikou, Hainan 570203, China
  • 5.Hainan Geomatics Center, Ministry of Natural Resources, Haikou, Hainan 570203, China
  • 6.Agricultural Science and Technology Information Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi 530007, China
出版时间: 2025-09-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.09.023
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热带农业对全球粮食安全和乡村振兴至关重要,但复杂的地理环境、气候条件以及频发灾害共同制约其现代化进程。遥感技术凭借大范围、高时效的信息获取优势,已成为推动热带农业智慧化与精准化管理的关键工具。本文构建了中国热带农业遥感研究的体系框架,提出了“天空地”(即天-空-地)一体化观测理念,阐释了低、中、高分辨率的分层观测体系与区域资源调查、农田长势监测及地块表型诊断之间的技术适配关系;系统回顾了遥感在资源调查、作物监测、产量估测、灾害评估与生态评价等领域的应用进展;分析了数据支撑不足、模型迁移性弱、区域适应性差与成果转化效率低等现实问题;提出构建遥感协同观测、多模态融合、智能建模与数字孪生预测体系,并展望“系统集成-智能感知-全球协同”的未来发展方向。该研究结果为提升我国热带农业遥感技术的系统性与实用性提供理论基础与技术支撑。

热带农业  /  遥感技术  /  智慧农业  /  天空地一体化  /  多模态融合  /  表型遥感

Tropical agriculture is critical to global food security and rural revitalization. However, its modernization is constrained by complex terrain, climatic variability and frequent disasters. Remote sensing, with its capacity for large-scale, real-time information acquisition, has emerged as a key enabler for smart and precision agriculture in tropical regions. This study established a framework for remote sensing research in China's tropical agriculture, proposing an integrated “space-air-ground” observation strategy and explaining the resolution-to-application matching mechanism, in which low-, medium-, and high-resolution observations are respectively suited for regional resource surveys, farmland growth monitoring, and field-scale phenotypic diagnostics. It reviewed progress in natural resource surveys, crop monitoring yield estimation, disaster assessment and ecological evaluation, analyzed challenges such as insufficient ground-truth data, limited model transferability, poor regional adaptability and low transformation efficiency; and proposes key innovation paths including coordinated sensing, multi-modal data fusion, intelligent modeling and digital twin-based forecasting. Finally, it outlined future directions focusing on system integration, intelligent perception, and global collaboration. The findings would provide theoretical and technical support for enhancing remote sensing applications in tropical agriculture.

tropical agriculture  /  remote sensing technology  /  smart agriculture  /  space-air-ground integration  /  multi-modal fusion  /  remote sensing phenotyping
李海亮, 李伟光, 田光辉, 刘晓娟, 黄启厅, 郑倩, 马艺文. 中国热带农业遥感研究体系框架与展望. 热带作物学报, 2025 , 46 (9) : 2259 -2270 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.09.023
Hailiang LI, Weiguang LI, Guanghui TIAN, Xiaojuan LIU, Qiting HUANG, Qian ZHENG, Yiwen MA. Framework and Emerging Directions for Remote Sensing in Chinese Tropical Agriculture[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2025 , 46 (9) : 2259 -2270 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.09.023
全球热带农业因资源禀赋独特和战略地位显著,在保障粮食安全与推动乡村振兴中具有不可替代的作用。天然橡胶、油棕等作物是工业生产的重要原料,咖啡、香蕉等则是关键消费品,热带地区更是全球粮食生产的重要区域[1]。然而,复杂的地理环境、多云多雨气候及频发极端气象事件导致数据基础薄弱、监测能力不足,加之病虫害等灾害响应滞后,严重制约农业现代化进程[2]。遥感技术凭借高精度信息采集与动态监测优势,成为破解热带农业信息化与精准化管理难题的核心手段[1]。通过构建“天空地”一体化监测体系及多主体协同平台,可显著提升监测效能,支撑国家粮食安全战略并推进乡村振兴。
我国高度重视农业农村现代化,将智慧农业与数字乡村建设纳入创新驱动发展战略,持续强化政策支持力度。例如,2025年中央一号文件和农业农村部一号文件明确提出发展智慧农业,推动人工智能、大数据等技术应用,并部署“天空地”一体化农业观测网络等重大项目。在此背景下,遥感技术通过精准资源调查、作物监测与灾害预警,为智慧农业体系构建提供关键支撑,其发展不仅是国家农业现代化战略的需求,更是保障粮食安全、实现农业智能化管理的重要举措。
本文系统梳理我国热带农业遥感技术发展现状,聚焦体系框架、应用进展、存在问题与挑战,明确未来技术创新方向,以期为技术突破提供理论依据,助力热区智慧农业高质量发展。
热带农业遥感研究是支撑智慧农业建设的关键技术,其体系框架涵盖数据采集、处理、分析与服务等核心环节,形成感知-诊断-预警-调控的闭环服务链。该体系需适应热带地区复杂地形、多样作物结构和多变气候条件,实现多尺度协同和技术高效匹配。
根据空间分辨率和应用需求,遥感数据分为低、中、高分辨率3类:低分辨率数据(如MODIS、FY-3)适用于宏观资源调查与气候评估;中分辨率数据(如Landsat、Sentinel-2)用于区域尺度的作物识别与灾害评估;高分辨率及近地遥感数据(如GF系列、无人机影像)支持地块级作物表型监测和精准管理。通过构建“二柱三纵四横”的遥感服务路径(图1),该框架实现了多平台、多尺度的遥感协同应用。
热带农业遥感体系包括感知层、数据层、模型层和应用层4个功能模块。感知层集成卫星、无人机及地面传感器,实现作物生长、土壤湿度、气象等信息的实时获取;数据层承担数据预处理、集成与管理,支撑高效存储与共享;模型层结合统计分析与智能算法,开展作物监测、灾害预警与产量模拟;应用层则将模型输出转化为农业管理建议,服务于政府监管与农户决策。
该体系在分辨率与业务需求之间实现匹配,构建了宏观-区域-地块三级遥感协同路径,体现了遥感技术在热带农业中的逐层递进逻辑。
遥感应用需与热带农业问题的空间尺度、动态特征和响应变量相适应。作物识别依赖高空间分辨率数据,灾害监测强调时间分辨率与多源协同,表型监测则需光谱分辨率支持。为此,遥感技术应根据问题特性灵活选配。表1总结了遥感技术与典型农业问题的匹配关系,展示了不同遥感手段在热带作物识别、灾害评估、表型诊断等方面的应用路径,为后续遥感类型的能力分析提供结构性参考。
热带地区复杂的生态与气候条件使得单一遥感数据源无法满足农业监测的多维需求。为提升遥感系统的稳定性和适应性,多源数据融合机制应运而生。具体而言,数据融合可以体现在不同层次:数据层融合通过对多个遥感数据集进行空间配准和时间同步,增强时空分辨率;特征层融合则是从不同数据源中提取特征指标后进行组合建模;决策层融合则依托多源数据分析结果进行信息整合和决策优化。
这种多源融合机制不仅能有效克服单一数据源的局限,还能够实现更加精准的空间与时间动态监测,从而满足热带农业复杂多变的需求。随着人工智能技术的不断发展,数据融合的智能化和自动化程度将进一步提升,推动遥感技术向更加高效和精准的方向发展。
随着大数据、云计算和人工智能的发展,遥感技术在农业中的应用不断深化,已在资源调查与区划、作物监测管理、灾害预警评估等方面取得重要进展。特别是国产高分卫星的投入使用,显著提升了农业遥感的时空精度与应用广度。
热带农业自然资源调查与区划是优化农业资源配置、提升农业生产效率的核心基础。近年来,依托遥感技术的突破性进展,研究者在土地资源动态监测、生物资源时空解析、气候资源精细化建模、水资源分布评估及农业区划优化等领域取得系统性突破。
研究者们利用多源遥感数据和智能分析方法,对土地利用格局及其演变机制展开了深入的研究。比如,采用SVM和RF等机器学习算法,对土地利用变化展开了详细分析,揭示了各类土地利用动态变化的特征及其驱动因素[7]。此外,通过遥感与地理信息系统技术相结合,对广西海岸滩涂的利用时空变化进行了研究,结果表明,2008—2014年,滩涂利用类型的变动不仅反映了区域经济发展的趋势,也受到环境变化的显著影响[8]。在复杂地区的地物类型提取方面,基于SAM2多任务学习的研究为土地资源遥感监测提供了新的方法和思路[9]
研究者们采用遥感与地面调查相结合的方法,对热带地区生物资源的时空分布及动态变化进行了多尺度分析。例如,基于MODIS NDVI时间序列数据的研究表明,2001—2016年,海南岛NDVI总体呈增加趋势,增长速率为0.023/10 a,其中气候变化和人类活动的相对作用分别为31.04%和68.96%,表明人类活动是植被改善的主要驱动力[10]。此外,研究者们还采用M-K检验和方差评价法,对2001—2015年西双版纳植被覆盖变化进行了趋势分析[11]。并基于1986—2020年Landsat影像数据,分析了中国南方丘陵山地流域的植被长期变化情况[12]
研究者们利用多源气象数据与遥感信息,建立了针对热区农业气候资源的精细化分析方法。例如,结合遥感数据和地面气象站资料,运用线性趋势法、累积距平与反距离加权插值等方法分析了华南地区光能资源的时空变化特征,发现1960—2011年年平均气温、最高气温和最低气温均呈上升趋势,增速分别为0.19、0.13、0.23 ℃/10 a[13]。1961—2015年,中国热区降水量整体呈上升趋势,气候倾向率为13.85 mm/10 a[14]。研究者们还对太阳辐射进行了建模评估,分别提出了适用于热区干季、湿季和全年估算的经验模型[15]
研究者们结合HJ-1、Landsat等遥感数据与地面观测,开展了水体动态监测与空间分布分析。例如,针对海南岛,研究人员采用CIWI模型优化了NDWI与近红外波段特征,实现了水体高精度提取(精度达92%),揭示了2014年枯水季与丰水季水域面积的显著差异[16]。在广西,通过NDWI与MNDWI组合分析2009—2012年四大水库水面变化,发现其月际波动率最高达119.1%,受降水与排水影响显著[17]。在福建,利用遥感技术分析揭示沿海地区水库密度高但蓄水量低,而内陆相反,突显人均水资源短缺问题[18]
研究者基于气温阈值构建了热区划分的定量方法。以日平均气温≥10 ℃稳定期间的积温与持续日数为指标,对华南地区进行了气候带划分,将其分为寒温带、中温带、暖温带、南亚热带、中亚热带、北亚热带和边缘热带[19]。同时,研究者们还讨论了历史上中国热区划分问题,指出传统划分方法存在空间分辨率与动态适应性不足的问题,并提出了结合遥感动态监测进行农业区划优化的方向[20]
当前研究虽在单一资源领域取得重要进展,但受限于数据覆盖范围与技术差异,相关成果多聚焦于局部地区,跨区域、多要素协同分析仍显不足,亟需构建覆盖全国热区的综合自然资源遥感调查体系,以支撑热带农业的可持续发展。
在热带农业自然资源调查与区划的基础上,研究者进一步聚焦热带作物精准识别、长势监测与产量估测,以支撑农业生产的精细化管理。这3个环节层层递进,共同构建了作物生命周期的遥感监测链条,为灾害预警、资源配置与产量提升提供技术支撑。
研究者利用高分辨率遥感影像和多源数据,结合物候特征分析、机器学习与面向对象分类方法,实现了对主要热带作物的精准识别。例如,基于MODIS遥感数据提取橡胶树物候特征,建立识别算法提取分布信息[21]。利用GF-1影像和纹理特征提取方法,构建芒果林空间分布图[22]。通过融合光谱、纹理及植被指数信息,对椰子林进行空间分布提取[23]。进一步研究发现,优化特征组合与机器学习算法配置可显著提高槟榔和椰子林的识别精度[3]。此外,结合RapidEye影像和面向对象方法,较准确地提取了木薯的种植面积及空间分布[24]
研究者采用多源数据融合与时序分析方法,对热带作物生长状况进行持续监测。例如,基于NDVI数据与S-G滤波法重建时间序列,利用动态阈值法解析橡胶林物候变化[25]。构建一元线性、指数与对数模型估算橡胶林LAI,反映其生长动态[26]。此外,基于风云三号气象卫星数据与历史NDVI序列,对橡胶树长势开展动态监测[27]。基于多源遥感数据构建树龄反演模型实现橡胶林树龄监测[28]。利用高光谱诊断方法提高橡胶叶片磷含量估算精度[4]。在甘蔗监测方面,通过MODIS-NDVI构建长势差值模型,实现茎伸长期动态跟踪[29]
研究者基于遥感数据与建模方法,结合地面调查数据,对橡胶、甘蔗、香蕉等作物产量开展系统研究。例如,构建橡胶林生物量与林龄、遥感变量的回归模型与随机森林模型[30]。融合CASA模型与橡胶树干物质分配模型,提出了橡胶树产量模拟方法[31-32]。基于Sentinel-2与Landsat8多时相影像构建了甘蔗产量预测模型[33]。采用Sentinel-2时序影像与BSO-SVR算法,开展了香蕉遥感估产[34]
目前,热带作物遥感研究在识别对象、监测指标与估产区域方面仍存在局限,主要聚焦于天然橡胶、椰子、芒果等少数作物,且区域多集中在海南等局部地区。尚缺乏多作物、多尺度协同的系统化应用框架,难以满足全国范围内精细化农业管理的实际需求。未来需构建跨区域、多作物的综合遥感监测体系,以推进从数据获取到产量预测的全流程集成化,全面提升热带作物的遥感支持能力与管理效能。
热带农业灾害监测与评估是保障农业生产安全、提升区域防灾减灾能力的关键环节。针对台风、干旱、洪涝、病虫害等多灾种交织的复杂环境,研究者通过遥感数据、气象观测与地面调查等多源融合,初步构建了涵盖灾害时空分布解析、动态预警与影响评估的技术体系。
研究者们利用遥感影像、气象观测数据及数值模拟方法,对极端气象事件和气象灾害的时空特征、影响机制及趋势进行了系统研究,提出了多种评估模型。例如,阐明了中国热区极端气温、极端降水的时空变化特征、影响因子及未来变化趋势[35-36]。在海南构建了农业干旱综合监测模型,实现业务化运行[37]。基于HJ-1A/1B数据的天然橡胶干旱监测模型也在海南岛橡胶林中得到应用[38-39]。而基于HJ-1A/1B数据的洪涝灾害监测模型则应用于海南岛部分区域的动态灾情识别与评估[40]。此外,通过NDVI变化与风眼距离建模,定量刻画了台风“纳沙”造成的植被损失梯度分布[41]。并基于多光谱影像和差值法,构建了橡胶林风害等级评估体系[5]。在甘蔗寒冻害监测中,MODIS数据支持的指数差值法亦展现出良好的应用效果[42]
研究者围绕热带作物重大病虫害的早期识别与动态监测,构建了多平台、多方法融合的遥感评估体系。例如,基于大疆精灵4多光谱无人机获取的橡胶树冠层影像提取植被指数与纹理特征,并结合集成学习方法构建白粉病识别模型,总体识别准确率高达96.39%[43]。在广西隆安县香蕉种植区,研究者采集香蕉枯萎病多光谱影像构建了高质量的无人机遥感数据集,为后续模型训练奠定基础[44]。针对槟榔黄化病,利用多光谱影像与mRMR算法筛选特征变量,分别构建了BPNN、RF与SVM模型,其中BPNN模型识别精度最高,达到91.70%[45]。此外,研究者还基于高光谱数据,结合光谱特征提取与变换技术,构建了用于柑橘黄龙病识别的机器学习模型,最高识别精度达94.70%[46-47]
气象灾害与生物灾害在热带农业生产中常常相互作用,形成更为复杂的灾害联动效应。例如,干旱促发虫害、强降雨加剧病害传播等。全球气候变暖还在重塑灾害的时空格局,增加热带农业系统的脆弱性[48]。因此,研究者正逐步从单一灾害监测向复合灾害评估拓展。但目前灾害耦合模拟与联动机制研究仍显薄弱,现有方法多依赖单灾种建模或经验规则,难以准确反映病虫害在极端气候条件下的演化规律。未来应进一步聚焦灾害交互机制、多灾种耦合建模及区域适应性评估,构建多灾种、多尺度协同发展的灾害监测与评估体系。
总体而言,热带农业灾害遥感研究已形成以识别、监测和初步评估为主的技术路径,在部分灾种和区域开展了典型示范。但在灾情精细化识别、定量评估与灾种间耦合模拟等方面仍存在不足,亟需构建多灾种、多尺度协同的灾害遥感监测与评估体系,推动遥感技术在热带农业防灾减灾中的深度融合与规模化应用。
热带农业生态环境的稳定性直接关系到区域农业的可持续发展。热带地区不仅频繁遭受台风、干旱、洪涝等极端气候事件的冲击,同时因气候湿热、生物多样性丰富,也表现出较强的生态敏感性与脆弱性。近年来,研究者依托遥感技术,初步构建了覆盖土壤退化监测、生态系统动态评估与环境恢复能力的遥感体系,实现了农业生态环境全生命周期的精细化管理。
遥感结合地面调查和模型模拟已被广泛应用于水土流失、酸化、盐渍化等土壤问题研究。基于CSLE模型和高分辨率遥感数据,研究者揭示了广州市2019—2022年水土流失的空间格局,发现北部山区轻度侵蚀为主,高强度侵蚀多集中于建设用地与耕地[49]。采用RUSLE模型,结合遥感、气象与地形数据,分析了海南昌化江流域土壤侵蚀的强度分布与驱动因子[6]。在区域尺度上,融合抽样调查与LUCC数据,提出了快速更新土壤侵蚀动态变化的方法[50]
遥感与生态模型联合应用揭示了人类农业活动对生态系统服务功能的影响机制。例如,基于InVEST模型,研究了海南岛海岸带1990—2020年土地利用变化对碳储量的影响[51]。通过Landsat数据监测广西北部湾红树林退化及其与农业活动的关系,明确了人类干扰与生态系统功能退化之间的关联[52]。此外,橡胶树种植扩张对海南岛、西双版纳等地生态系统结构与稳定性产生了深远影响[53-54]。遥感结合生态指数评价还揭示了耕地复种指数与农业生态系统健康状况之间的负相关关系,为农业绿色转型提供了定量支撑[55]
目前,尽管在土壤环境监测与生态影响评估方面取得了重要进展,但整体仍存在遥感监测精度不足、区域协同研究较弱、生态影响机制刻画不够清晰等问题。未来应整合高分辨率遥感、多源地面观测与生态模拟,推进数据融合与模型联动,构建多尺度、多因子协同的农业生态遥感评估体系,为热带地区农业与生态系统的协调发展提供科学支撑。
近年来,热带农业遥感技术已在作物识别、生长监测、产量估测和灾害评估等方面取得显著进展,初步建立了较为完整的反演模型体系和应用链条。但从整体来看,当前技术在数据支撑、区域推广、模型适应性与成果转化等方面仍面临诸多制约。
首先,实测数据基础薄弱。热区地面监测站点分布稀疏,长期连续数据匮乏,严重制约遥感模型的反演精度与验证能力。受限于地理环境和气候条件,实地采样难度大,数据的时空不连续性不仅影响作物长势监测和灾害预警,也削弱了生态评估的准确性和时效性。
其次,区域覆盖与作物类型不均衡。目前遥感应用多集中于海南、广东、广西等核心区域,西南低纬度高原等热区边缘区域的研究明显不足,尚未形成全国热区统一的遥感监测体系。同时,除橡胶、甘蔗等主导作物外,槟榔、椰子、木薯等热带特色作物的遥感技术仍待完善,作物间生长特性差异与生态背景复杂性进一步增加了模型的适用难度。
再次,模型鲁棒性与迁移能力不足。已有遥感模型多基于单一作物或特定区域,缺乏在不同气候区、土壤类型及耕作模式下的推广能力,泛化性和稳定性不强。尤其在数据驱动算法与物理机制耦合方面,尚需提升模型对多维输入的响应能力与解释性。
最后,成果转化与推广机制不健全。尽管遥感技术在农业监管、生产管理等方面的应用日益广泛,但成果落地速度较慢,标准化平台、数据共享机制与跨部门协同仍显薄弱。农业管理部门、科研机构与企业之间的协作不畅,导致先进技术难以快速融入农业实践,影响其在精准决策中的支撑作用。
尽管热带农业遥感研究在作物识别、灾害监测与生态评估等方面取得了重要进展,但在实际业务化应用过程中仍面临多重挑战。
首先,地块破碎化制约精准监测。中国热区以丘陵山地为主,耕地破碎化特征显著,农田经营规模普遍较小。据统计,经营面积低于3.4 hm2的小农户占比超95%[56]。复杂地形导致地块边界模糊、地物光谱混杂,使得高分辨率遥感影像的地物分类精度下降[57]。此外,微环境差异(如土壤湿度、光照条件)进一步影响遥感反演模型的稳定性,限制了跨区域推广应用能力。面对这一挑战,需发展针对破碎化农田的智能分割算法,结合多尺度特征融合技术,提高作物精准识别和长势监测的适用性。
其次,作物种类多样与种植结构复杂挑战模型鲁棒性。热带地区广泛分布橡胶、甘蔗、木薯、芒果等高附加值作物,间种、套种、轮作等复种模式普遍[58]。这种多样化结构叠加复杂地形,导致遥感监测中“同谱异物”“同物异谱”问题频发,显著降低分类模型在混合种植区的识别精度。例如,GF-2影像在单一椰子林区分类精度可达95%,但在槟榔-椰子混种区明显下降[23]。未来需融合高光谱成像与LiDAR点云数据,通过深度学习构建跨模态特征对齐框架,增强模型对光谱-空间异构信息的联合解析能力,提升复杂种植场景下的泛化性能。
最后,多云多雨气候限制数据可用性。热带地区受季风影响显著,频繁的云雨天气导致光学遥感影像缺失率高,严重干扰作物时序监测与灾害评估[59]。同时,降水引起的地表湿度突变降低了植被光谱反射稳定性。为应对这一问题,应推动光学与雷达遥感协同融合,引入SAR数据补足光学遥感缺口;并通过时序重建与云层预测模型优化观测计划,提高遥感监测的连续性与鲁棒性。
针对热带农业遥感技术在数据缺失、模型迁移与复杂地块识别等方面的瓶颈,当前研究可明确以下关键技术创新方向,为构建高适应性、强鲁棒性与业务化能力兼备的遥感体系奠定基础。
遥感数据获取与多源协同方面。应突破光学遥感在多云多雨条件下的观测限制,构建基于高分辨率光学影像、SAR数据、无人机与地面传感器的“天空地”一体化协同观测系统。通过多平台、多模态数据融合,提高观测的稳定性与时空连续性,解决热区局部阴雨天气造成的数据盲区问题。
智能遥感数据分析与模型优化方面。需发展面向破碎化农田与混合种植区的智能解译算法。特别是在“同谱异物”“同物异谱”频发场景下,应引入高光谱图像、三维点云、时序建模与深度学习技术,构建多模态融合模型,提升作物识别、长势反演与灾害响应的精度与适应性。同时,应构建灾害链式预警模型,强化对极端气候及其与植被动态耦合效应的识别能力。
智能决策与预测系统的建设方面。需利用数字孪生与人工智能技术,集成遥感监测结果与“气候-土壤-植被”耦合模型,建立农业长势、生态状态与灾害风险的动态预测系统,支撑热带农业“监测-模拟-调控”一体化管理。同时,应推动模型平台化与服务化,提升遥感系统的快速响应与智能化决策支持能力。
通过上述关键技术路径的协同推进,热带农业遥感技术将在数据完整性、模型泛化能力与业务集成能力方面实现系统突破,为农业高质量发展提供坚实的数字支撑。
在明确关键技术创新路径的基础上,热带农业遥感的发展亟需从技术突破迈向系统布局,聚焦系统集成、智能感知与全球协同三大方向,统筹推进以下关键任务:
一是完善“天空地”一体化遥感监测体系。整合高分辨率光学影像、SAR数据、无人机与地面传感器,构建多平台协同观测网络,提升数据采集的广度、精度与时效性。重点攻克破碎化农田解译难题,优化遥感影像处理算法,增强复杂地形下的作物识别与灾害监测能力。
二是深化多模态遥感与智能算法融合。推动高光谱、LiDAR、热红外等多源数据的深度融合,结合深度学习与图神经网络,提升作物分类、长势估测与病虫害预测的鲁棒性与跨区域适应性。发展多模态表征学习方法,增强遥感模型在复杂生态环境下的迁移泛化能力。
三是推进热带作物表型高通量遥感监测。结合无人机高光谱与AI时序建模,构建叶绿素含量、冠层结构等关键表型参数的反演模型,在GEE/PIE-Engine等云平台构建可共享的作物表型数据库,支撑精准育种、智能施肥与病虫害早期识别,推动“性状驱动”的农业管理模式创新。
四是构建农业-生态协同发展遥感平台。加强跨境灾害联动监测与生态系统耦合建模,推动中国与东南亚、南美、非洲等热区国家的遥感数据共享与技术协作。依托遥感、物联网与数字孪生技术,构建“监测-模拟-调控”闭环体系,提升热区农业对气候变化与生态扰动的综合响应与调控能力。
通过上述关键任务的系统实施,热带农业遥感将在数据完整性、模型智能性与全球适应性上实现协同突破,为中国乃至全球热区农业现代化转型提供持续技术动力与中国方案。
中国热带农业遥感研究已初步构建起涵盖多尺度协同与多要素融合的体系框架。在“天空地”一体化观测网络支持下,通过低-中-高分辨率数据协同获取与智能算法深度融合,实现了从资源调查、作物监测到灾害评估与生态分析的全链条支撑,构建了“感知-诊断-预警-调控”的遥感服务闭环,为智慧农业发展提供了坚实基础。
当前应用虽在作物识别、产量估测与灾害监测等方面取得重要进展,但仍面临实测数据薄弱、模型迁移性不足、复杂地形下分类精度下降及成果转化机制不健全等问题。特别是在破碎化地块、混合种植结构与多云多雨气候条件下,遥感系统的稳定性与鲁棒性仍有待提升。为突破上述瓶颈,研究者应从数据获取、多模态融合、智能建模与业务支撑等方面开展关键技术创新,提出遥感协同观测、智能算法优化、灾害链式预警与数字孪生预测系统等技术路径,将显著增强遥感系统对复杂环境的适应能力与实时响应能力。
未来应聚焦“系统集成-智能感知-全球协同”三大方向,重点推进“天空地”遥感监测网络完善、多模态数据融合与作物表型高通量观测体系建设,打造农业-生态遥感协同平台,推动遥感在热带农业全流程管理中的规模化、标准化与全球化应用。通过多源感知、模型迭代与全球协作三位一体的体系推进,遥感技术将在粮食安全、乡村振兴与生态治理中发挥战略性支撑作用,为全球热区农业现代化转型提供中国智慧。
  • 中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(1630072024018)
  • 中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(1630012025503)
  • 海南省南海气象防灾减灾重点实验室开放基金项目(SCSF202407)
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2025年第46卷第9期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.09.023
  • 接收时间:2025-04-13
  • 首发时间:2026-03-07
  • 出版时间:2025-09-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-04-13
  • 录用日期:2025-05-02
基金
中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(1630072024018)
中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(1630012025503)
海南省南海气象防灾减灾重点实验室开放基金项目(SCSF202407)
作者信息
    1.中国热带农业科学院科技信息研究所/海南省南海气象防灾减灾重点实验室/海南省热带作物信息技术应用研究重点实验室,海南海口 571101
    2.海南省唐华俊院士工作站,海南海口 571101
    3.海南省气候中心,海南海口 570203
    4.海南省气象科学研究所,海南海口 570203
    5.自然资源部海南基础地理信息中心,海南海口 570203
    6.广西农业科学院农业科技信息研究所,广西南宁 530007

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* 马艺文(MA Yiwen),E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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