Article(id=1237016049812558238, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1237016039171608726, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.09.014, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1743955200000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-07, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1747152000000, acceptedDateStr=2025-05-14, onlineDate=1772857208922, onlineDateStr=2026-03-07, pubDate=1758729600000, pubDateStr=2025-09-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1772857208922, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-07, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1772857208922, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1772857208922, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1237016039171608726, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, year='2025', volume='46', issue='9', pageStart='2031', pageEnd='2286', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1772857206385, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773049161445, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1237821157118890427, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1237016039171608726, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1237821157118890428, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1237016039171608726, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2164, endPage=2172, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1237016050261348792, articleId=1237016049812558238, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=EN, title=Screening, Identification and Control Effects of Biocontrol Bacterium J-11 Against Papaya Anthracnose, columnId=1236292524264968282, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, columnName=Plant Protection & Bio-safety, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides occurs extensively during the post-harvest storage of papaya (Carica papaya L.), significantly affecting fruit quality and yield. In this study, the excellent antagonistic bacteria J-11 agaist C. gloeosporioides were screened from the rhizosphere soil of papaya, and the antagonistic characteristics and biological control ability were explored. The size of biocontrol bacterium J-11 was about 1.5 μm×3.3 μm (growing for 3 d), Gram-positive (G+), rod-shaped or oval, common single arrangement, and its morphological characteristics were consistent with Bacillus velezensis. The sequences of 16S rRNA, gyrA and gyrB genes of strain J-11 were 99.28%, 97.57% and 98.79% consistent with those of B. velezensis model strain OOT-47, respectively. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that the tested strain J-11 and Bacillus velezensis LB4 were clustered into one branch. According to the results of morphological, molecular biological and physicochemical analysis, it was confirmed that the microbial antagonistic pathogen of papaya C. gloeosporioides in Zhanjiang area of Guangdong was B. velezensis. Strain J-11 demonstrated a broad-spectrum antifungal ability, inhibiting the growth of three pathogenic fungi of C. gloeosporioides, C. siamense and Botryosphaeria dothidea, with antagonism indices of 0.48, 0.41 and 0.40, respectively. The control testing showed that the inhibition rate of strain J-11 against the C. gloeosporioides on papaya leaves was 89.96%, and the inhibition rate of strain J-11 against the C. gloeosporioides on papaya fruits in vitro was 84.92%. Strain J-11 screened in this study has a certain control effect on papaya anthracnose, which could provide a theoretical basis for in-depth study of the antibacterial mechanism of plant biocontrol bacteria and will lay a foundation for its development and utilization.

, correspAuthors=Kaidong LIU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Tianli WU, Rumei XU, Liqiong OU, Qijing GONG, Mengxue HUANG, Miaoyu ZHAO, Yan ZHOU, Hongyan ZHANG, Kaidong LIU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1237016053692289625, articleId=1237016049812558238, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=CN, title=番木瓜炭疽病生防细菌J-11的筛选鉴定及其防控作用研究, columnId=1236292524520820846, journalTitle=热带作物学报, columnName=植物保护与生物安全, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

由番木瓜胶孢炭疽菌(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides)引起的炭疽病在番木瓜采后储藏期间大发生,对番木瓜果实品质和产量造成重大影响。本研究从番木瓜根际土壤中筛选到胶孢炭疽菌的优良拮抗菌J-11,并探究其拮抗特性和防控炭疽病的能力。生防细菌J-11的大小约为1.5 μm×3.3 μm(生长3 d),呈革兰氏阳性(G+),杆状或卵圆形,常见单个排列,其形态特征与贝莱斯芽孢杆菌(Bacillus velezensis)一致;菌株J-11的16S rRNAgyrAgyrB序列与贝莱斯芽孢杆菌模式菌株OOT-47对应基因的序列一致性分别为99.28%、97.57%和98.79%。系统发育树分析结果表明,供试菌株J-11与贝莱斯芽孢杆菌LB4单独聚为一支。根据形态学、分子生物学以及理化分析结果,明确广东省湛江地区番木瓜胶孢炭疽菌的拮抗微生物为贝莱斯芽孢杆菌。菌株J-11具有广谱的抑菌能力,可抑制胶孢炭疽菌、暹罗炭疽菌(C. siamense)、葡萄座腔菌(Botryosphaeria dothidea)3种病原真菌的生长,其拮抗指数分别为0.48、0.41、0.40。防治试验表明,菌株J-11对番木瓜叶片中胶孢炭疽菌的抑菌率为89.96%,对番木瓜离体果实上胶孢炭疽菌的抑菌率达84.92%。本研究分离筛选获得的贝莱斯芽孢杆菌J-11对番木瓜炭疽病具有一定的防治效果,可为深入研究植物生防菌抑菌机理提供理论依据,为其开发利用奠定菌种资源基础。

, correspAuthors=刘锴栋, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 刘锴栋(LIU Kaidong),E-mail:
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吴天利(1988—),女,博士,讲师,研究方向:番木瓜抗病育种。

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2.Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Tropical Characteristic Plant Resource Development, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524048, China
3.Guangdong Technology Innovation Center of Tropical Characteristic Plant Resource Development, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524048, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1237023452545209321, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237016049812558238, authorId=1237023452335494107, language=CN, stringName=吴天利, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, 3, address=1.岭南师范学院生命科学与技术学院,广东湛江 524048
2.广东省热带特色资源植物开发工程技术研究中心,广东湛江 524048
3.广东省热带特色资源植物科技创新中心,广东湛江 524048, bio={"content":"

吴天利(1988—),女,博士,讲师,研究方向:番木瓜抗病育种。

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吴天利(1988—),女,博士,讲师,研究方向:番木瓜抗病育种。

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Nature Reviews Microbiology, 2021, 19: 600-614., articleTitle=Bacillus subtilis biofilm formation and social interactions, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1237023467434988155, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237016049812558238, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=72, issue=null, pageStart=79, pageEnd=84, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=32, authorNames=HUANG J F, WEI Z, TAN S Y, MEI X L, YIN S X, SHEN Q R, XU Y C, journalName=Applied Soil Ecology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HUANG J F, WEI Z, TAN S Y, MEI X L, YIN S X, SHEN Q R, XU Y C. The rhizosphere soil of diseased tomato plants as a source for novel microorganisms to control bacterial wilt[J]. Applied Soil Ecology, 2013, 72: 79-84., articleTitle=The rhizosphere soil of diseased tomato plants as a source for novel microorganisms to control bacterial wilt, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1237023467535651453, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237016049812558238, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2004, volume=94, issue=11, pageStart=1259, pageEnd=1266, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=33, authorNames=KLOEPPER J W, RYU C M, ZHANG S, journalName=Phytopathology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=KLOEPPER J W, RYU C M, ZHANG S. Induced systemic resistance and promotion of plant growth by Bacillus spp.[J]. Phytopathology, 2004, 94(11): 1259-1266., articleTitle=Induced systemic resistance and promotion of plant growth by Bacillus spp., refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1237023461558768047, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237016049812558238, awardId=2022A1515111183, language=CN, fundingSource=广东省基础与应用基础研究基金项目(2022A1515111183), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1237023461613294003, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237016049812558238, awardId=2024E03005, language=CN, fundingSource=广东省科技创新战略专项资金(科技支撑“百千万工程”)项目(2024E03005), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1237023461705568697, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237016049812558238, awardId=null, language=CN, fundingSource=2024年广东农技服务轻骑兵重大农业技术乡村行推广项目, fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1237023451983172535, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237016049812558238, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1237023451991561146, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237016049812558238, companyId=1237023451983172535, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.School of Life Science and Technology, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524048, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1237023451995755451, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237016049812558238, companyId=1237023451983172535, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.岭南师范学院生命科学与技术学院,广东湛江 524048)]), AuthorCompany(id=1237023452100613061, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237016049812558238, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1237023452113195975, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237016049812558238, companyId=1237023452100613061, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Tropical Characteristic Plant Resource Development, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524048, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1237023452121584584, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237016049812558238, companyId=1237023452100613061, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.广东省热带特色资源植物开发工程技术研究中心,广东湛江 524048)]), AuthorCompany(id=1237023452218053583, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237016049812558238, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1237023452234830799, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237016049812558238, companyId=1237023452218053583, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.Guangdong Technology Innovation Center of Tropical Characteristic Plant Resource Development, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524048, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1237023452255802320, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237016049812558238, companyId=1237023452218053583, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.广东省热带特色资源植物科技创新中心,广东湛江 524048)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1237023457884557620, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237016049812558238, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Morphological characteristics of antagonistic strain J-11 in the rhizosphere soil of papaya

A: Front of the culture medium; B: Back of the culture medium; C: Gram stain test.

, figureFileSmall=jL1AKm6EOi2lyAV2Hhfn6Q==, figureFileBig=YY4fxEbd/8M+p0xoOHaEMg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1237023457981026621, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237016049812558238, language=CN, label=图1, caption=番木瓜根际土壤中拮抗细菌J-11的形态特征

A:培养基正面;B:培养基背面;C:革兰氏染色。

, figureFileSmall=jL1AKm6EOi2lyAV2Hhfn6Q==, figureFileBig=YY4fxEbd/8M+p0xoOHaEMg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1237023458102661442, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237016049812558238, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=PCR amplification results of antagonistic strain J-11

1, 4 and 5 were PCR amplification products of antagonistic bacteria with primers of p-gyrA-r/f, F27/R1541 and gyrB-F/R, respectively; 2 and 3 were PCR amplified products of the 16S rDNA and gyrB gene sequences of antagonistic bacteria by V3-V4 illuminaF/R and gyrB-UP1F/UP2SR primers, respectively.

, figureFileSmall=gf1Rx3Y0CvWauNxfHehg5w==, figureFileBig=AuLopXM+5a2aItIXdIdOog==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1237023458203324746, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237016049812558238, language=CN, label=图2, caption=拮抗菌J-11的PCR扩增结果

1、4、5分别为引物对p-gyrA-r/f、F27/R1541和gyrB-F/R扩增拮抗菌的PCR扩增产物;2和3分别为引物对V3-V4 illuminaF/R和gyrB-UP1F/UP2SR扩增拮抗菌16S rDNAgyrB基因序列的PCR扩增产物。

, figureFileSmall=gf1Rx3Y0CvWauNxfHehg5w==, figureFileBig=AuLopXM+5a2aItIXdIdOog==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1237023458303988048, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237016049812558238, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Phylogenetic tree of antagonistic strain J-11 based on gyrA, gyrB and 16S rRNA gene sequence

E. coli strain K-12 substrain MG1655 was used as the outgroup of the phylogenetic tree.

, figureFileSmall=lEw4fMAnQqdtzmnRdiqs7A==, figureFileBig=/0dfFcYEt5vnd33lwOI00w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1237023458400457045, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237016049812558238, language=CN, label=图3, caption=拮抗菌J-11基于gyrAgyrB16S rRNA基因序列的系统发育树

以大肠杆菌菌株K-12 substrain MG1655作为进化树的外群。

, figureFileSmall=lEw4fMAnQqdtzmnRdiqs7A==, figureFileBig=/0dfFcYEt5vnd33lwOI00w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1237023458484343134, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237016049812558238, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Confrontation experiment between antagonistic strain J-11 and papaya pathogen

A: B. dothidea BD1; B: C. siamense ZJ01; C: C. gloeosporioides T3; D: B. dothidea BD1+J-11; E: C. siamense ZJ01+J-11; F: C. gloeosporioides T3+J-11.

, figureFileSmall=vAFvdqXxqMKVy18f0sZxNw==, figureFileBig=Kj2BNZP9c9Hli+plmqFkbA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1237023458576617824, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237016049812558238, language=CN, label=图4, caption=拮抗菌J-11与番木瓜病原菌的对峙试验

A:葡萄座腔菌BD1;B:暹罗炭疽菌ZJ01;C:胶孢炭疽菌T3;D:葡萄座腔菌BD1+J-11;E:暹罗炭疽菌ZJ01+J-11;F:胶孢炭疽菌T3+J-11

, figureFileSmall=vAFvdqXxqMKVy18f0sZxNw==, figureFileBig=Kj2BNZP9c9Hli+plmqFkbA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1237023458710835559, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237016049812558238, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Antibacterial effect of strain J-11 against C. gloeosporioides T3 on papaya seedling leaves, figureFileSmall=OO37WvaBzguOMQF9IC12gg==, figureFileBig=9KMpiSLZLLfYBXJkx5bGAQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1237023460279505259, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237016049812558238, language=CN, label=图5, caption=拮抗菌J-11对番木瓜苗叶片炭疽菌T3的抑菌效果, figureFileSmall=OO37WvaBzguOMQF9IC12gg==, figureFileBig=9KMpiSLZLLfYBXJkx5bGAQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1237023460417917299, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237016049812558238, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=Inhibitory activity of strain J-11 against C. gloeosporioides T3 on papaya seedling leaves

** indicates extremely significant difference (P<0.01).

, figureFileSmall=PwU9uNpUYEeVT3ojzkJVCg==, figureFileBig=g0BTe0fJmbCPwbuwRsDQ5g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1237023460518580599, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237016049812558238, language=CN, label=图6, caption=拮抗菌J-11对番木瓜幼苗叶片炭疽菌T3的抑菌活性

**表示差异极显著(P<0.01)。

, figureFileSmall=PwU9uNpUYEeVT3ojzkJVCg==, figureFileBig=g0BTe0fJmbCPwbuwRsDQ5g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1237023460644409729, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237016049812558238, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=Antibacterial effect of strain J-11 on pathogenic bacteria T3 on isolated papaya, figureFileSmall=mVAuoNhLuYsA0eKNxcyDww==, figureFileBig=3iXHY7Z08TbVHTmK4KPFtQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1237023460736684421, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237016049812558238, language=CN, label=图7, caption=拮抗菌J-11在离体番木瓜上对病原菌T3的抑菌效果, figureFileSmall=mVAuoNhLuYsA0eKNxcyDww==, figureFileBig=3iXHY7Z08TbVHTmK4KPFtQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1237023460841542027, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237016049812558238, language=EN, label=Fig. 8, caption=Inhibitory activity of strain J-11 against C. gloeosporioides T3 in postharvest papaya fruit

** indicates extremely significant difference (P<0.01).

, figureFileSmall=f7/Ui7SYQ7k7hLqqqy1nuw==, figureFileBig=PYTPaWgD1NMdcva+is3XFg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1237023460954788245, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237016049812558238, language=CN, label=图8, caption=拮抗菌J-11对采后番木瓜果实炭疽菌T3的抑菌活性

**表示差异极显著(P<0.01)。

, figureFileSmall=f7/Ui7SYQ7k7hLqqqy1nuw==, figureFileBig=PYTPaWgD1NMdcva+is3XFg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1237023461072228761, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237016049812558238, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Reference isolates used in this study and their GenBank accession numbers

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
种类
Species
菌株
Strain
GenBank登录号GenBank accession No.
gyrAgyrB16S rRNA
贝莱斯芽孢杆菌(Bacillus velezensisBGS21OR134737.1OR501062.1OR016129.1
贝莱斯芽孢杆菌(B. velezensisE-17PP085430.1PQ152015.1PQ072335.1
贝莱斯芽孢杆菌(B. velezensisLB4OR966879.1OR966880.1OR958734.1
解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciensAS1.398KM667968.1KM654297.1KM654296.1
解淀粉芽孢杆菌(B. amyloliquefaciensATCC15841FN662838.1DQ309310.1AY055226.1
解淀粉芽孢杆菌(B. amyloliquefaciensBJ-6MN295596.1MN295597.1MN272328.1
解淀粉芽孢杆菌(B. amyloliquefaciensCICC 10063KM667970.1KM596840.1KM596837.1
解淀粉芽孢杆菌(B. amyloliquefaciensCICC 10160KM667969.1KM596842.1KM596839.1
解淀粉芽孢杆菌(B. amyloliquefaciensXKPY2OQ659399.1OQ659396.1OP324656.1
萎缩芽孢杆菌(B. atrophaeusQH-588MW401272.1MW401276.1MW380650.1
芽孢杆菌(B. inaquosusNRRL B-23052EU138605.1HQ605914.1NR_116188.1
高地芽孢杆菌(B. altitudinisJ1OQ408169.1OQ408194.1OQ382865.1
大肠杆菌(Escherichia coliK-12 substrain MG1655NC_000913.3CP097883.1CP097884.1
), ArticleFig(id=1237023461164503451, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237016049812558238, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

本研究中的参考菌株及其GenBank登录号

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
种类
Species
菌株
Strain
GenBank登录号GenBank accession No.
gyrAgyrB16S rRNA
贝莱斯芽孢杆菌(Bacillus velezensisBGS21OR134737.1OR501062.1OR016129.1
贝莱斯芽孢杆菌(B. velezensisE-17PP085430.1PQ152015.1PQ072335.1
贝莱斯芽孢杆菌(B. velezensisLB4OR966879.1OR966880.1OR958734.1
解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciensAS1.398KM667968.1KM654297.1KM654296.1
解淀粉芽孢杆菌(B. amyloliquefaciensATCC15841FN662838.1DQ309310.1AY055226.1
解淀粉芽孢杆菌(B. amyloliquefaciensBJ-6MN295596.1MN295597.1MN272328.1
解淀粉芽孢杆菌(B. amyloliquefaciensCICC 10063KM667970.1KM596840.1KM596837.1
解淀粉芽孢杆菌(B. amyloliquefaciensCICC 10160KM667969.1KM596842.1KM596839.1
解淀粉芽孢杆菌(B. amyloliquefaciensXKPY2OQ659399.1OQ659396.1OP324656.1
萎缩芽孢杆菌(B. atrophaeusQH-588MW401272.1MW401276.1MW380650.1
芽孢杆菌(B. inaquosusNRRL B-23052EU138605.1HQ605914.1NR_116188.1
高地芽孢杆菌(B. altitudinisJ1OQ408169.1OQ408194.1OQ382865.1
大肠杆菌(Escherichia coliK-12 substrain MG1655NC_000913.3CP097883.1CP097884.1
), ArticleFig(id=1237023461260972447, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237016049812558238, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Inhibitory effect of B. velezensis J-11 on pathogenic bacteria

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
菌种
Stain
抑菌圈半径
Inhibition zone radius/cm
生防菌半径
Radius of biocontrol bacteria/cm
拮抗指数
Antagonistic index
病原菌的生长半径
Growth radius of the pathogen/cm
病原菌的抑制生长半径
Inhibition growth radius of pathogenic bacteria/cm
抑制百分率
Inhibition percentage
J-11+葡萄座腔菌BD11.23±0.13b0.83±0.10b0.40±0.14a2.47±0.06a1.27±0.06a0.49±0.30a
J-11+暹罗炭疽菌ZJ011.28±0.08ab0.91±0.10ab0.41±0.08a2.70±0.00b1.43±0.10ab0.47±0.14b
J-11+胶孢炭疽菌T31.52±0.06a1.09±0.06a0.48±0.03a3.93±0.12c1.60±0.06c0.59±0.15b
), ArticleFig(id=1237023461378412964, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237016049812558238, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

贝莱斯芽孢杆菌J-11对病原菌的抑制作用

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
菌种
Stain
抑菌圈半径
Inhibition zone radius/cm
生防菌半径
Radius of biocontrol bacteria/cm
拮抗指数
Antagonistic index
病原菌的生长半径
Growth radius of the pathogen/cm
病原菌的抑制生长半径
Inhibition growth radius of pathogenic bacteria/cm
抑制百分率
Inhibition percentage
J-11+葡萄座腔菌BD11.23±0.13b0.83±0.10b0.40±0.14a2.47±0.06a1.27±0.06a0.49±0.30a
J-11+暹罗炭疽菌ZJ011.28±0.08ab0.91±0.10ab0.41±0.08a2.70±0.00b1.43±0.10ab0.47±0.14b
J-11+胶孢炭疽菌T31.52±0.06a1.09±0.06a0.48±0.03a3.93±0.12c1.60±0.06c0.59±0.15b
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番木瓜炭疽病生防细菌J-11的筛选鉴定及其防控作用研究
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吴天利 1, 2, 3 , 许汝梅 1 , 欧丽琼 1 , 龚淇靖 1 , 黄梦雪 1 , 赵苗羽 1 , 周艳 1, 2, 3 , 张鸿雁 1, 2, 3 , 刘锴栋 1, 2, 3, *
热带作物学报 | 植物保护与生物安全 2025,46(9): 2164-2172
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热带作物学报 | 植物保护与生物安全 2025, 46(9): 2164-2172
番木瓜炭疽病生防细菌J-11的筛选鉴定及其防控作用研究
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吴天利1, 2, 3, 许汝梅1, 欧丽琼1, 龚淇靖1, 黄梦雪1, 赵苗羽1, 周艳1, 2, 3, 张鸿雁1, 2, 3, 刘锴栋1, 2, 3, *
作者信息
  • 1.岭南师范学院生命科学与技术学院,广东湛江 524048
  • 2.广东省热带特色资源植物开发工程技术研究中心,广东湛江 524048
  • 3.广东省热带特色资源植物科技创新中心,广东湛江 524048
  • 吴天利(1988—),女,博士,讲师,研究方向:番木瓜抗病育种。

通讯作者:

* 刘锴栋(LIU Kaidong),E-mail:
Screening, Identification and Control Effects of Biocontrol Bacterium J-11 Against Papaya Anthracnose
Tianli WU1, 2, 3, Rumei XU1, Liqiong OU1, Qijing GONG1, Mengxue HUANG1, Miaoyu ZHAO1, Yan ZHOU1, 2, 3, Hongyan ZHANG1, 2, 3, Kaidong LIU1, 2, 3, *
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Life Science and Technology, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524048, China
  • 2.Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Tropical Characteristic Plant Resource Development, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524048, China
  • 3.Guangdong Technology Innovation Center of Tropical Characteristic Plant Resource Development, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524048, China
出版时间: 2025-09-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.09.014
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由番木瓜胶孢炭疽菌(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides)引起的炭疽病在番木瓜采后储藏期间大发生,对番木瓜果实品质和产量造成重大影响。本研究从番木瓜根际土壤中筛选到胶孢炭疽菌的优良拮抗菌J-11,并探究其拮抗特性和防控炭疽病的能力。生防细菌J-11的大小约为1.5 μm×3.3 μm(生长3 d),呈革兰氏阳性(G+),杆状或卵圆形,常见单个排列,其形态特征与贝莱斯芽孢杆菌(Bacillus velezensis)一致;菌株J-11的16S rRNAgyrAgyrB序列与贝莱斯芽孢杆菌模式菌株OOT-47对应基因的序列一致性分别为99.28%、97.57%和98.79%。系统发育树分析结果表明,供试菌株J-11与贝莱斯芽孢杆菌LB4单独聚为一支。根据形态学、分子生物学以及理化分析结果,明确广东省湛江地区番木瓜胶孢炭疽菌的拮抗微生物为贝莱斯芽孢杆菌。菌株J-11具有广谱的抑菌能力,可抑制胶孢炭疽菌、暹罗炭疽菌(C. siamense)、葡萄座腔菌(Botryosphaeria dothidea)3种病原真菌的生长,其拮抗指数分别为0.48、0.41、0.40。防治试验表明,菌株J-11对番木瓜叶片中胶孢炭疽菌的抑菌率为89.96%,对番木瓜离体果实上胶孢炭疽菌的抑菌率达84.92%。本研究分离筛选获得的贝莱斯芽孢杆菌J-11对番木瓜炭疽病具有一定的防治效果,可为深入研究植物生防菌抑菌机理提供理论依据,为其开发利用奠定菌种资源基础。

番木瓜  /  炭疽病  /  拮抗细菌  /  采后病害  /  抑菌率

Anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides occurs extensively during the post-harvest storage of papaya (Carica papaya L.), significantly affecting fruit quality and yield. In this study, the excellent antagonistic bacteria J-11 agaist C. gloeosporioides were screened from the rhizosphere soil of papaya, and the antagonistic characteristics and biological control ability were explored. The size of biocontrol bacterium J-11 was about 1.5 μm×3.3 μm (growing for 3 d), Gram-positive (G+), rod-shaped or oval, common single arrangement, and its morphological characteristics were consistent with Bacillus velezensis. The sequences of 16S rRNA, gyrA and gyrB genes of strain J-11 were 99.28%, 97.57% and 98.79% consistent with those of B. velezensis model strain OOT-47, respectively. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that the tested strain J-11 and Bacillus velezensis LB4 were clustered into one branch. According to the results of morphological, molecular biological and physicochemical analysis, it was confirmed that the microbial antagonistic pathogen of papaya C. gloeosporioides in Zhanjiang area of Guangdong was B. velezensis. Strain J-11 demonstrated a broad-spectrum antifungal ability, inhibiting the growth of three pathogenic fungi of C. gloeosporioides, C. siamense and Botryosphaeria dothidea, with antagonism indices of 0.48, 0.41 and 0.40, respectively. The control testing showed that the inhibition rate of strain J-11 against the C. gloeosporioides on papaya leaves was 89.96%, and the inhibition rate of strain J-11 against the C. gloeosporioides on papaya fruits in vitro was 84.92%. Strain J-11 screened in this study has a certain control effect on papaya anthracnose, which could provide a theoretical basis for in-depth study of the antibacterial mechanism of plant biocontrol bacteria and will lay a foundation for its development and utilization.

Carica papaya L.  /  anthracnose  /  antagonistic bacteria  /  postharvest diseases  /  antibacterial rate
吴天利, 许汝梅, 欧丽琼, 龚淇靖, 黄梦雪, 赵苗羽, 周艳, 张鸿雁, 刘锴栋. 番木瓜炭疽病生防细菌J-11的筛选鉴定及其防控作用研究. 热带作物学报, 2025 , 46 (9) : 2164 -2172 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.09.014
Tianli WU, Rumei XU, Liqiong OU, Qijing GONG, Mengxue HUANG, Miaoyu ZHAO, Yan ZHOU, Hongyan ZHANG, Kaidong LIU. Screening, Identification and Control Effects of Biocontrol Bacterium J-11 Against Papaya Anthracnose[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2025 , 46 (9) : 2164 -2172 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.09.014
番木瓜炭疽病(papaya anthracnose)是由炭疽菌属(Colletotrichum spp.)真菌引起的病害,被认为是番木瓜主要的采后病害之一。据统计,炭疽菌导致的番木瓜采后炭疽病在我国广东、海南、广西、福建、台湾等地发生严重。炭疽菌被列为全球第八大植物病原真菌,其菌系复杂,寄主范围广泛,常危害果树的根、茎、叶、花、果实和幼苗,可导致植株枯萎、果实腐烂、叶片病斑等症状,造成严重经济损失[1]。现已在番木瓜果实上发现至少12种致病炭疽菌及多种复合种炭疽菌,严重影响世界各国番木瓜果实品质和产量。目前,番木瓜炭疽病的防治策略主要是抗性番木瓜品种筛选,但抗病育种过程复杂、耗时长,极大消耗时间成本。其次是植物源活性物质的应用,如用1%及以上浓度的壳聚糖涂膜液处理可有效抑制孢子萌发[2];从香薄荷、百里香、肉桂、薄荷和薰衣草植物中提取的5种不同植物精油对炭疽病引起的番木瓜果实腐烂具有抑制作用[3];麻疯树果实提取液对番木瓜炭疽菌有抑制作用[4]。但是绝大多数植物源抑菌剂产品处于试验研究阶段,生产工艺不成熟,尚不能形成规模化推广应用。此外,低毒化学农药的喷施也是目前最主要的依赖方法,但往往造成环境污染、病原菌耐药性增加等问题。因此,生物防治成为当前炭疽病防治的研究热点。
国内外有关番木瓜炭疽病生物防治的报道越来越多,作为抵御炭疽菌侵染的拮抗微生物研究主要集中在芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)等。贝莱斯芽孢杆菌(B. velezensis)属于芽孢杆菌属的一个新种,广泛分布于自然界的土壤、空气、植物根系和植株表面等[5]。贝莱斯芽孢杆菌在抑制病原菌和生物防治方面效果显著,如贝莱斯芽孢杆菌F85可有效抑制烟草炭疽菌(C. fructicola)菌丝的生长,同时抑制炭疽菌分生孢子的萌发[6];贝莱斯芽孢杆菌CE100对尖孢炭疽菌(C. acutatum)、球炭疽菌(C. coccodes)、束状炭疽菌(C. dematium)和胶孢炭疽菌(C. gloeosporioides)具有较强的拮抗作用,其挥发性有机物使炭疽菌菌丝结构发生扭曲,代谢物还可抑制分生孢子的萌发[7];贝莱斯芽孢杆菌A4对樱桃番茄的采后重要致病菌青霉菌(Penicillium expansum)和灰霉菌(Botrytis cinerea)的菌丝生长均有抑制效果,能延长采后樱桃番茄果实的贮藏期[8];贝莱斯芽孢杆菌JS25R对赤霉病病原菌禾谷镰刀菌J07有抑制作用,且在温室中对小麦赤霉病有较好的防治效果[9]。因此,贝莱斯芽孢杆菌作为生防菌对真菌性病原菌的防治具有广阔的应用前景。目前关于贝莱斯芽孢杆菌对病原菌的抑制作用的研究大多停留在小型草本植物、灌木或少部分果树上[10],对番木瓜这类软木质的大型草本果树病害防控的研究还很少,且对其抗病机理的探究不够全面。因此,筛选高效的贝莱斯芽孢杆菌拮抗菌株,研制新的生防菌剂并投入番木瓜炭疽病的生物防控应用是十分必要的。
本研究拟以番木瓜胶孢炭疽菌为靶病原菌,从番木瓜根围土壤中分离筛选出的1株拮抗菌J-11为试验对象,测定拮抗菌对胶孢炭疽菌的拮抗能力,并以番木瓜叶片和采后果实进行抑菌效果试验,以探究拮抗菌对番木瓜胶孢炭疽菌的抑菌效果,为深入研究该拮抗菌的作用机理,以及后续定向筛选植物生防病菌提供一定的研究思路。
供试番木瓜(Carica papaya L.)实生苗品种为大青品种,购自广东省湛江市坡头区坡头镇番木瓜育苗圃。选取生长2个月,生长健壮、无病虫害、长势基本一致的大青实生苗为样株。供试番木瓜果实也为大青品种,购自广东省湛江市坡头区坡头镇番木瓜果园。选取形状、大小、外观颜色相对一致,无机械损伤、无病虫害,成熟度为七八分熟的番木瓜果实为试验材料。
葡萄座腔菌(Botryosphaeria dothidea)BD1、暹罗炭疽菌(Colletotrichum siamense)ZJ01、胶孢炭疽菌(C. gloeosporioides)T3由岭南师范学院植物病虫害实验室分离保存。供试拮抗菌为贝莱斯芽孢杆菌(Bacillus velezensis)J-11,从感染炭疽病的番木瓜根围土壤中分离获得。
从根围土壤分离细菌,于37 ℃恒温培养24 h后,挑取不同形态的细菌单菌落多次划线纯化,并于‒80 ℃保存,备用。
(1)形态特征鉴定。拮抗菌J-11在马铃薯葡萄糖培养基(PDA)上培养长出单菌落后,用无菌接种环刮取少量菌落至装有100 μL无菌水的离心管中,用移液枪反复吹打混匀,制成100菌液。然后用移液枪吸取10 μL菌液移入含90 μL无菌水的离心管中,混合均匀制备成101倍稀释液;以此类推,连续稀释5次,制成105倍稀释液。依据涂布平板法,用移液枪吸取20 μL拮抗菌J-11菌液至PDA培养基表面,用无菌涂布器将菌液涂抹均匀,再将平板倒置于28 ℃恒温恒湿箱中培养24 h,观察记录单菌落形态,并拍照保存。使用革兰氏染色试剂盒(广东环凯微生物科技有限公司,中国)对J-11菌株的单菌落进行染色。参照《伯杰细菌鉴定手册》[11]对拮抗菌进行初步鉴定。
(2)分子生物学鉴定。采用DNA快速抽提试剂盒提取拮抗菌的DNA,分别用引物对27F(5ʹ‒AGAGTTTGATCMTGGCTCAG‒3ʹ)/1492R(5ʹ‒GGTTACCTTGTTACGACTT‒3ʹ)、p-gyrA-r(5ʹ‒CAGTCAGGAAATGCGTACGTCCTT‒3ʹ)/pgyrA-f(5ʹ‒CAAGGTAATGCTCCAGGCATTGCT-3ʹ)、gyrB-F(5ʹ‒GAAGTCATCATGACCGTTCT‒3ʹ)/gyrB-R(5ʹ‒ACCACTTTATGATAACGCGC‒3ʹ)对J-11的16S rDNAgyrAgyrB基因序列进行PCR扩增。PCR反应体系(25 μL):模板1.5 μL,正向和反向引物各1.5 μL,Taq酶12.5 μL,水8.0 μL。PCR扩增程序:95 ℃预变性10 min,95 ℃变性30 s,55 ℃退火30 s,72 ℃延伸1 min,共设35个循环,72 ℃延伸5 min,4 ℃终止反应。PCR扩增产物用1.0%琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测,经电泳检测呈阳性的PCR产物由生工生物工程(上海)股份有限公司进行测序,测序结果在NCBI上进行Blast序列对比分析,并结合数据库中的同源序列,下载Blast比对结果一致性高的菌株及其近缘种代表性菌株的序列(表1);利用SnapGene分析目的基因序列,拼接序列后进行多重序列比较分析;最后使用Mega 11.0软件中的最大似然法构建系统发育树。
采用平板对峙法检测拮抗菌J-11的抑菌活性。待活化的炭疽菌菌丝长满PDA平板后,取直径为5 mm的菌块接种于新的PDA平板中央,以炭疽菌为圆心,十字交叉在距离培养基边缘1.5 cm处等距离接种拮抗菌J-11,以不接拮抗菌的PDA作对照组,倒置于28 ℃的恒温恒湿箱中培养4 d。在第4天时测量抑菌圈半径和拮抗菌半径,计算拮抗指数[12]。抑菌圈半径为拮抗菌菌饼中心到番木瓜病原菌菌丝边缘的距离。拮抗指数=(抑菌圈半径-拮抗菌半径)/拮抗菌半径。
(1)对番木瓜叶片中胶孢炭疽菌的抑菌效果。选取长势和健康状态基本一致的番木瓜实生苗为试验对象,每株实生苗选取3片位置相似的叶片,利用75%酒精消毒后用接种针在叶片上呈倒三角形刺3个1 mm大小的伤口。将J-11拮抗菌制备成OD600为1.5的拮抗菌悬浮液。同时,制备OD600为1.5的番木瓜炭疽菌孢子悬浮液。孢子悬浮液的制备,采用无菌接种环小心刮取病原菌菌体接种于100 mL PDB中,置于28 ℃、180 r/min的恒温振荡器中培养24~36 h。随后用无菌纱布过滤菌丝至200 mL的产孢培养基中,相同条件下继续培养36 h获得孢子液。将拮抗菌悬浮液与炭疽菌孢子液按照1∶1体积比混合后接种于番木瓜叶片,以无菌水作为对照。设置3次重复,在第2、4、8、10、12天时拍照。使用Image J软件测量叶片病斑直径并记录数据,计算抑菌率[13]。抑菌率=(对照组病原菌直径-处理组病原菌直径)/对照组病原菌直径×100%。使用GraphPad Prism 8软件进行显著性分析和作图,筛选出对番木瓜叶片抑菌效果最好且稳定的优势拮抗菌。
(2)对采后番木瓜果实炭疽菌的抑菌效果。番木瓜果实用75%酒精消毒2~3 min,利用灭菌接种针在果实同一平面上呈“口”字形刺4个伤口,伤口横向间距为4.5 cm,纵向间距为5.5 cm。在接菌前,用无菌纸擦拭干净伤口处溢出的番木瓜汁液。将筛选到的拮抗菌J-11制备成OD600为2.5的拮抗菌悬浮液,同时制备OD600为2.5的番木瓜炭疽菌T3的孢子悬浮液。将拮抗菌悬浮液与炭疽菌孢子等比例接种于离体番木瓜果实刺伤部位,以无菌水作为对照组。设置3次重复。在第0、2、4、6、8、10、12天拍照,并使用Image J软件测量番木瓜果实刺伤部位病斑直径并记录数据,计算抑菌率。数据分析同1.2.3-(1)。
通过稀释涂布平板法将J-11涂布在PDA培养基平板上,28 ℃培养2 d获得单菌落。形态学观察显示,J-11的单个菌落在PDA培养基上呈白色、扁平、蜡质、不透明,表面光滑,菌落边缘不规则,近圆形,中心有白色凹陷,中心点周围隆起(图1A图1B),革兰氏染色呈阳性(图1C)。生理生化特性表明,J-11对盐有一定的耐受性。根据J-11菌落形态特征,初步鉴定其为芽孢杆菌(Bacillus sp.)。
PCR扩增结果显示,使用gyrAgyrB16S rRNA基因引物扩增J-11的片段大小分别约为1000、1200、1500 bp(图2)。通过NCBI数据库进行Blast同源性比对,结合数据库中的同源序列构建系统发育树,发现基于gyrA-gyrB-16S rRNA序列构建的进化树中J-11菌株与贝莱斯芽孢杆菌(Bacillus velezensis LB4)位于同一分支上,序列相似度达95%(图3)。根据形态学和分子生物学分析,最终确定J-11为贝莱斯芽孢杆菌(B. velezensis)。
平板对峙实验结果(图4)显示,拮抗菌J-11对3种真菌有不同程度的抑制作用,形成大小不同的抑菌圈,且形成抑菌圈后继续培养10 d抑菌圈大小不变。其中J-11对葡萄座腔菌的抑菌圈半径为1.23 cm,对应的拮抗指数为0.40;J-11对暹罗炭疽菌的抑菌圈半径为1.28 cm,对应的拮抗指数为0.41;J-11对胶孢炭疽菌的抑菌圈半径为1.52 cm,对应的拮抗指数为0.48(表2)。结果表明,J-11具有一定的抑菌能力,且抑菌性能稳定。
番木瓜活体叶片抑菌结果如图5所示,胶孢炭疽菌T3感染番木瓜叶片后,感染部位出现变黄变干的现象,随着感染时间的延长,感染部位呈水渍状扩散,逐渐干枯腐烂,同时被感染的叶片易从番木瓜植株上凋落。T3+J-11孢子液混合感染的感病速度较慢,在接菌12 d后伤口周围泛黄,接种炭疽菌T3的对照组病斑平均直径为3.05 cm,而T3+J-11处理组病斑平均直径为0.31 cm(图6),通过计算得出J-11对炭疽菌T3的抑菌率为89.96%。结果表明拮抗菌J-11显著抑制炭疽菌T3病原菌的感染,且抑菌效果明显。
采后番木瓜果实抑菌试验结果(图7)显示,胶孢炭疽菌T3感染番木瓜果实较叶片更具危害性,在无拮抗菌处理的条件下,炭疽菌感染离体番木瓜果实后,感染部位出现黄色或暗褐色的水渍状小斑点,随着病斑逐渐扩大,病斑中间凹陷,之后长出白色菌丝覆盖在果肉接种孔处。随着菌丝的生长,感染部位开始迅速蔓延,造成整个番木瓜果实大面积感染。J-11菌悬液与炭疽菌T3孢子悬液混合感染的番木瓜果实,在早期时伤口处变黑,出现轻微凹陷的水渍样症状,但是感染速度明显减缓。接菌第12天时,T3病原菌处理的病斑平均直径为15.01 cm,T3+J-11处理的病斑直径为2.23 cm(图8),经过计算得出J-11对炭疽菌T3的抑菌率达84.92%,表明J-11对炭疽菌T3具有明显的抑制作用。
土壤中存在许多有益微生物,尤其是芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus spp.),可作为抑制植物病害的生防资源来源,已被用作生物防治剂以直接控制多种农作物的病害。贝莱斯芽孢杆菌(B. velezensis)是芽孢杆菌属的一种,可作为有效的抗真菌剂对抗多种植物病原真菌,包括灰霉菌(Botrytis cinerea[14]、拟轮枝镰孢菌(Fusarium verticillioides)、尖孢镰刀菌(F. oxysporum[15]、茄孢菌(F. solani[16]、稻瘟病菌(Magnaporthe oryzae[17]、青枯病菌(Ralstonia solanacearum[15]、青霉菌(Penicillium expansum[8]、禾谷镰刀菌(F. graminearum[9]等。炭疽病菌被列为全球第八大植物病原真菌,其在科学研究和经济上十分重要[18]。尽管过去数年来,人们对芽孢杆菌在多种病害生物防治方面的应用进行了广泛研究,但对防治炭疽病的芽孢杆菌的筛选及其生防机制的研究很大程度上仍是未知的,尤其是贝莱斯芽孢杆菌在防治炭疽病方面尚无报道。本研究从番木瓜根围土壤中分离筛选获得1株拮抗菌J-11,通过形态学和分子生物学分析,确定该菌株为贝莱斯芽孢杆菌。J-11能一定程度防治番木瓜炭疽病,弥补了目前国内贝莱斯芽孢杆菌在防治番木瓜炭疽病方面的空白。数据显示,贝莱斯芽孢杆菌J-11在PDA培养基上对暹罗炭疽菌的拮抗活性比对胶孢炭疽菌的拮抗活性更高,但是活体防治炭疽病的效果却相反。之前也有类似的报道,徐欣韵等[19]发现相对平板拮抗活性较低的B23拮抗菌表现出显著防治番茄青枯病的能力。
芽孢杆菌属的抑菌机制多种。芽孢杆菌属能够合成多种次级代谢产物直接抑制植物病原菌,包括抗菌肽AMPs(细菌素、脂肽)、聚酮化合物、裂解酶、胞外多糖和挥发性物质等[20]。例如,贝莱斯芽孢杆菌FZB42产生的抗菌化合物艰难梭菌素(difficidin)和杆菌素(bacilysin)对水稻黄单胞菌稻生致病变种(Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae)引起的水稻细菌性叶枯病具有优异的生物防治效果,显著下调了与病原菌毒力、细胞分裂和细胞壁/蛋白质合成相关基因的表达[21]。许多病害的生物防效还与芽孢杆菌在根部的定殖能力呈正相关。具体而言,芽孢杆菌通常以细胞聚集体的形式定殖于植物根系,这些聚集体嵌入在细胞外基质中,被称为生物膜[22]。芽孢杆菌在根系上形成生物膜有助于与植物病原菌进行空间竞争并抑制病害[20]。例如,B23拮抗菌能迅速定殖在植物根部并提高番茄抵御青枯菌入侵的能力[23]。某些芽孢杆菌菌株与植物根系的相互作用可以通过引发诱导性系统抗性(induced systemic resistance,ISR)来触发宿主防御,其中接种有益细菌可以增强整株植物对致病细菌、真菌和病毒的抵抗力[24]。例如,贝莱斯芽孢杆菌SQR9在拟南芥叶片抵抗灰霉病菌感染中发挥了重要的ISR介导的保护作用[20]。本研究从番木瓜根围土壤中分离筛选获得贝莱斯芽孢杆菌J-11。平板对峙试验明确菌株J-11显著抑制番木瓜葡萄座腔菌、暹罗炭疽菌和胶孢炭疽菌3种病原真菌的菌丝生长。结合番木瓜实生苗叶片接菌以及番木瓜离体果实接菌试验结果,表明J-11对番木瓜炭疽菌有较好的抑菌效果。在接菌12 d时J-11对叶片和果实中炭疽菌的抑菌率分别达到89.96%和84.92%。说明贝莱斯芽孢杆菌J-11在防治番木瓜炭疽病中具有很好的抑菌效果。本研究首次描述了贝莱斯芽孢杆菌J-11抑制采后番木瓜储存期间炭疽菌菌丝生长,但J-11具体的抑菌机制还有待进一步研究。
综上所述,本研究结果凸显了贝莱斯芽孢杆菌J-11作为番木瓜炭疽病生物防治剂的潜力和应用价值。研究表明J-11对番木瓜炭疽菌有初步的抑制作用,但其具体有效抑菌成分、作用机制以及田间的应用效果有待进一步探究。因此,后期在此基础上深入研究贝莱斯芽孢杆菌J-11的拮抗作用机理、活性物质等方面具有现实意义,为研究番木瓜采后炭疽病的防治提供一定的理论参考。
  • 广东省基础与应用基础研究基金项目(2022A1515111183)
  • 广东省科技创新战略专项资金(科技支撑“百千万工程”)项目(2024E03005)
  • 2024年广东农技服务轻骑兵重大农业技术乡村行推广项目
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2025年第46卷第9期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.09.014
  • 接收时间:2025-04-07
  • 首发时间:2026-03-07
  • 出版时间:2025-09-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-04-07
  • 录用日期:2025-05-14
基金
广东省基础与应用基础研究基金项目(2022A1515111183)
广东省科技创新战略专项资金(科技支撑“百千万工程”)项目(2024E03005)
2024年广东农技服务轻骑兵重大农业技术乡村行推广项目
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    1.岭南师范学院生命科学与技术学院,广东湛江 524048
    2.广东省热带特色资源植物开发工程技术研究中心,广东湛江 524048
    3.广东省热带特色资源植物科技创新中心,广东湛江 524048

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* 刘锴栋(LIU Kaidong),E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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