Article(id=1237016049338601854, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1237016039171608726, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.09.010, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1744041600000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-08, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1748880000000, acceptedDateStr=2025-06-03, onlineDate=1772857208808, onlineDateStr=2026-03-07, pubDate=1758729600000, pubDateStr=2025-09-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1772857208808, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-07, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1772857208808, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1772857208808, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1237016039171608726, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, year='2025', volume='46', issue='9', pageStart='2031', pageEnd='2286', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1772857206385, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773049161445, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1237821157118890427, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1237016039171608726, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1237821157118890428, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1237016039171608726, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2127, endPage=2134, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1237016049636397460, articleId=1237016049338601854, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=EN, title=Effects of Dehydration Duration on Physiological Parameters of Rubber Tree Anther Callus Tissue During Cryopreservation, columnId=1236256434120348225, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, columnName=Plant Cultivation, Physiology & Biochemistry, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Cryopreservation can reduce the risk of genetic variation in the long-term subculture of rubber tree anther callus tissue, and is an effective method for long-term preservation of callus tissues. To evaluate the effects of dehydration duration on physiological parameters during cryopreservation, rubber tree anther calli were treated with plant vitrification solution PVS2 for 0, 10, 20 and 40 min and then cryopreserved for 24 h in this study. Physiological parameters related to stress resistance were analyzed, including soluble protein content, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and peroxidase (POD) during cryopreservation. Dehydration duration had a significant effect on soluble protein content, MDA content, SOD and POD activities in callus tissues after cryopreservation, while showing no significant impact on CAT activity. All physiological parameters (except MDA) exhibited higher values after cryopreservation compared to pre-preservation levels across all dehydration durations. After 40 min of dehydration and cryopreservation, the soluble protein content, CAT, SOD and POD activities of anther callus reached the maximum value, which was 129.63 μg/mL, 627.30 U/g, 290.38 U/g and 25 643.33 U/g, with the lowest MDA content of 41.31 nmol/g. The findings indicate that dehydration for 40 min significantly enhances water retention capacity and antioxidant level in cryopreserved callus cells. Post-thawing viability tests revealed that 40 min dehydrated callus maintained over 70% survival rate and could induce fragile embryogenic callus formation with an average induction rate of 13.33%. This study establishes a physiological foundation for the regeneration of cryopreserved rubber tree anther callus.

, correspAuthors=Tiandai HUANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Quannan ZHOU, Xin JI, Yinle WU, Ji LI, Xianfeng YANG, Rizhi WU, Tiandai HUANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1237016053524517454, articleId=1237016049338601854, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=CN, title=脱水时间对超低温保存橡胶树花药愈伤组织生理指标的影响, columnId=1236256434313286224, journalTitle=热带作物学报, columnName=作物栽培与生理生化, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

超低温保存可降低橡胶树花药愈伤组织长期继代发生的遗传变异风险,是长期保存愈伤组织的有效方法。为评价脱水时间对超低温保存过程中橡胶树花药愈伤组织与抗性相关生理指标的影响,本研究将花药愈伤组织于植物玻璃化溶液(plant vitrification solution,PVS)PVS2中分别脱水0、10、20、40 min后进行超低温保存24 h,分析脱水时间对超低温保存前后愈伤组织中可溶性蛋白、丙二醛(MDA)含量、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性等生理指标的影响。结果显示:脱水时间对超低温保存后花药愈伤组织中可溶性蛋白、MDA含量、SOD和POD活性具有显著影响(P<0.05),而对CAT活性无显著影响。除MDA外,超低温保存后每个脱水时间的各生理指标值均高于保存前。脱水40 min的花药愈伤组织超低温保存后,其可溶性蛋白含量、CAT、SOD和POD活性均达最大值,分别为129.63 μg/mL、627.30 U/g、290.38 U/g、25 643.33 U/g,MDA含量最低,为41.31 nmol/g,表明脱水40 min可明显增强超低温保存后愈伤组织细胞的持水能力和抗氧化水平。进一步对脱水40 min后超低温保存的花药愈伤组织进行复苏,平均存活率在70%以上,且能诱导易碎胚性愈伤系的形成,平均诱导率为13.33%,为橡胶树花药愈伤组织超低温保存再生奠定生理基础。

, correspAuthors=黄天带, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 黄天带(HUANG Tiandai),E-mail:
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周权男(1981—),男,硕士,副研究员,研究方向:橡胶树组培与转基因。

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周权男(1981—),男,硕士,副研究员,研究方向:橡胶树组培与转基因。

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周权男(1981—),男,硕士,副研究员,研究方向:橡胶树组培与转基因。

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2.Sanya Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, Hainan 572025, China
3.National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Sanya, Hainan 572025, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1237023460170461699, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237016049338601854, authorId=1237023458576626158, language=CN, stringName=杨先锋, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, 3, address=1.中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所/海口市热带植物种苗创新重点实验室/农业农村部橡胶生物学与遗传资源利用重点实验室/海南省热带作物栽培生理学重点实验室/省部共建国家重点实验室培育基地,海南海口 571101
2.中国热带农业科学院三亚研究院,海南三亚 572025
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Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference among treatments (P<0.05).

, figureFileSmall=f95uHBmUuhvgbxEt9SD8MA==, figureFileBig=JLWrXOre5LKovA9XcHc5Gg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1237023462804484812, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237016049338601854, language=CN, label=图1, caption=脱水时间对超低温保存前后橡胶树花药愈伤组织可溶性蛋白含量的影响

不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=f95uHBmUuhvgbxEt9SD8MA==, figureFileBig=JLWrXOre5LKovA9XcHc5Gg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1237023462930313938, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237016049338601854, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Effects of dehydration duration on CAT activity of rubber tree anther calli before and after cryopreservation

Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference among treatments (P<0.05).

, figureFileSmall=ZzyOTc1QmOy3MwmICYg8og==, figureFileBig=UcZYEbJCM4V8PytX+oKqEg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1237023463026782938, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237016049338601854, language=CN, label=图2, caption=脱水时间对超低温保存前后橡胶树花药愈伤组织CAT活性的影响

不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=ZzyOTc1QmOy3MwmICYg8og==, figureFileBig=UcZYEbJCM4V8PytX+oKqEg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1237023463135834849, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237016049338601854, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Effects of dehydration duration on SOD activity of rubber tree anther calli before and after cryopreservation

Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference among treatments (P<0.05).

, figureFileSmall=2yiZqLew0Ug8Zy7HP4D/DA==, figureFileBig=cIQFncAeGbeJC3KE3H5Mzw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1237023464574481129, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237016049338601854, language=CN, label=图3, caption=脱水时间对超低温保存前后橡胶树花药愈伤组织SOD活性的影响

不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=2yiZqLew0Ug8Zy7HP4D/DA==, figureFileBig=cIQFncAeGbeJC3KE3H5Mzw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1237023464717087471, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237016049338601854, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Effects of dehydration duration on POD activity of rubber tree anther calli before and after cryopreservation

Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference among treatments (P<0.05).

, figureFileSmall=LKuziIj8UwpEIAIxQQDkdg==, figureFileBig=hIsugt53sjrcbMzGmenPKw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1237023464792584947, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237016049338601854, language=CN, label=图4, caption=脱水时间对超低温保存前后橡胶树花药愈伤组织POD活性的影响

不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=LKuziIj8UwpEIAIxQQDkdg==, figureFileBig=hIsugt53sjrcbMzGmenPKw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1237023465052631805, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237016049338601854, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Effects of dehydration duration on MDA content of rubber tree anther calli before and after cryopreservation

Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference among treatments (P<0.05).

, figureFileSmall=nnTW4MlaQeh7jopElCH+PQ==, figureFileBig=wygvoxn4TUECHFTY1u4ThA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1237023465170072322, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237016049338601854, language=CN, label=图5, caption=脱水时间对超低温保存前后橡胶树花药愈伤组织MDA含量的影响

不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=nnTW4MlaQeh7jopElCH+PQ==, figureFileBig=wygvoxn4TUECHFTY1u4ThA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1237023465342038787, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237016049338601854, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=Resuscitation of rubber tree anther calli and formation of fragile embryogenic callus lines after cryopreservation

A: Anther calli after 3 d of resuscitation; B: Resuscitation of calli; C: Resuscitation and proliferation of calli; D: Formation of fragile embryogenic callus lines.

, figureFileSmall=8+P968ju8cg9xys9uV9PNQ==, figureFileBig=O+/LnScYpj6O0s8rBeHRoQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1237023465417536264, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237016049338601854, language=CN, label=图6, caption=超低温保存后橡胶树花药愈伤组织复苏及易碎胚性愈伤系形成

A:复苏3 d后的花药愈伤组织;B:愈伤组织复苏;C:愈伤组织复苏增殖;D:易碎胚性愈伤系形成。

, figureFileSmall=8+P968ju8cg9xys9uV9PNQ==, figureFileBig=O+/LnScYpj6O0s8rBeHRoQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1237023465484645133, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237016049338601854, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Viability rate of rubber tree anther calli and induction rate of fragile embryogenic callus lines after cryopreservation

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理组
Groups
愈伤数
Number of calli
愈伤存活数
Number of callus viability
愈伤存活率
Rate of callus viability/%
易碎胚性愈伤系个数
Number of fragile embryogenic callus lines
易碎胚性愈伤系诱导率
Induction rate of fragile embryogenic callus lines/%
1302376.67516.67
2302273.33310.00
3302170.00413.33
总计/平均906673.331213.33
), ArticleFig(id=1237023465564336914, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237016049338601854, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

超低温保存后橡胶树花药愈伤组织存活率及易碎胚性愈伤系诱导率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理组
Groups
愈伤数
Number of calli
愈伤存活数
Number of callus viability
愈伤存活率
Rate of callus viability/%
易碎胚性愈伤系个数
Number of fragile embryogenic callus lines
易碎胚性愈伤系诱导率
Induction rate of fragile embryogenic callus lines/%
1302376.67516.67
2302273.33310.00
3302170.00413.33
总计/平均906673.331213.33
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脱水时间对超低温保存橡胶树花药愈伤组织生理指标的影响
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周权男 1 , 吉辛 4 , 吴胤乐 4 , 李季 1 , 杨先锋 1, 2, 3 , 吴日智 1 , 黄天带 1, 2, 3, *
热带作物学报 | 作物栽培与生理生化 2025,46(9): 2127-2134
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热带作物学报 | 作物栽培与生理生化 2025, 46(9): 2127-2134
脱水时间对超低温保存橡胶树花药愈伤组织生理指标的影响
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周权男1, 吉辛4, 吴胤乐4, 李季1, 杨先锋1, 2, 3, 吴日智1, 黄天带1, 2, 3, *
作者信息
  • 1.中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所/海口市热带植物种苗创新重点实验室/农业农村部橡胶生物学与遗传资源利用重点实验室/海南省热带作物栽培生理学重点实验室/省部共建国家重点实验室培育基地,海南海口 571101
  • 2.中国热带农业科学院三亚研究院,海南三亚 572025
  • 3.热带作物生物育种全国重点实验室,海南三亚 572025
  • 4.云南农业大学热带作物学院,云南普洱 665099
  • 周权男(1981—),男,硕士,副研究员,研究方向:橡胶树组培与转基因。

通讯作者:

* 黄天带(HUANG Tiandai),E-mail:
Effects of Dehydration Duration on Physiological Parameters of Rubber Tree Anther Callus Tissue During Cryopreservation
Quannan ZHOU1, Xin JI4, Yinle WU4, Ji LI1, Xianfeng YANG1, 2, 3, Rizhi WU1, Tiandai HUANG1, 2, 3, *
Affiliations
  • 1.Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Haikou Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Seedling Innovation/Key Laboratory of Rubber Tree Biology and Genetic Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Cultivation Physiology/Cultivation Base of State Key Laboratory Jointly Built by the Province and Ministry, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China
  • 2.Sanya Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, Hainan 572025, China
  • 3.National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Sanya, Hainan 572025, China
  • 4.College of Tropical Crops, Yunnan Agricultural University, Pu'er, Yunnan 665099, China
出版时间: 2025-09-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.09.010
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超低温保存可降低橡胶树花药愈伤组织长期继代发生的遗传变异风险,是长期保存愈伤组织的有效方法。为评价脱水时间对超低温保存过程中橡胶树花药愈伤组织与抗性相关生理指标的影响,本研究将花药愈伤组织于植物玻璃化溶液(plant vitrification solution,PVS)PVS2中分别脱水0、10、20、40 min后进行超低温保存24 h,分析脱水时间对超低温保存前后愈伤组织中可溶性蛋白、丙二醛(MDA)含量、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性等生理指标的影响。结果显示:脱水时间对超低温保存后花药愈伤组织中可溶性蛋白、MDA含量、SOD和POD活性具有显著影响(P<0.05),而对CAT活性无显著影响。除MDA外,超低温保存后每个脱水时间的各生理指标值均高于保存前。脱水40 min的花药愈伤组织超低温保存后,其可溶性蛋白含量、CAT、SOD和POD活性均达最大值,分别为129.63 μg/mL、627.30 U/g、290.38 U/g、25 643.33 U/g,MDA含量最低,为41.31 nmol/g,表明脱水40 min可明显增强超低温保存后愈伤组织细胞的持水能力和抗氧化水平。进一步对脱水40 min后超低温保存的花药愈伤组织进行复苏,平均存活率在70%以上,且能诱导易碎胚性愈伤系的形成,平均诱导率为13.33%,为橡胶树花药愈伤组织超低温保存再生奠定生理基础。

橡胶树  /  花药愈伤组织  /  超低温保存  /  脱水时间  /  生理指标  /  存活率

Cryopreservation can reduce the risk of genetic variation in the long-term subculture of rubber tree anther callus tissue, and is an effective method for long-term preservation of callus tissues. To evaluate the effects of dehydration duration on physiological parameters during cryopreservation, rubber tree anther calli were treated with plant vitrification solution PVS2 for 0, 10, 20 and 40 min and then cryopreserved for 24 h in this study. Physiological parameters related to stress resistance were analyzed, including soluble protein content, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and peroxidase (POD) during cryopreservation. Dehydration duration had a significant effect on soluble protein content, MDA content, SOD and POD activities in callus tissues after cryopreservation, while showing no significant impact on CAT activity. All physiological parameters (except MDA) exhibited higher values after cryopreservation compared to pre-preservation levels across all dehydration durations. After 40 min of dehydration and cryopreservation, the soluble protein content, CAT, SOD and POD activities of anther callus reached the maximum value, which was 129.63 μg/mL, 627.30 U/g, 290.38 U/g and 25 643.33 U/g, with the lowest MDA content of 41.31 nmol/g. The findings indicate that dehydration for 40 min significantly enhances water retention capacity and antioxidant level in cryopreserved callus cells. Post-thawing viability tests revealed that 40 min dehydrated callus maintained over 70% survival rate and could induce fragile embryogenic callus formation with an average induction rate of 13.33%. This study establishes a physiological foundation for the regeneration of cryopreserved rubber tree anther callus.

rubber tree  /  anther callus tissue  /  cryopreservation  /  dehydration duration  /  physiological parameters  /  viability
周权男, 吉辛, 吴胤乐, 李季, 杨先锋, 吴日智, 黄天带. 脱水时间对超低温保存橡胶树花药愈伤组织生理指标的影响. 热带作物学报, 2025 , 46 (9) : 2127 -2134 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.09.010
Quannan ZHOU, Xin JI, Yinle WU, Ji LI, Xianfeng YANG, Rizhi WU, Tiandai HUANG. Effects of Dehydration Duration on Physiological Parameters of Rubber Tree Anther Callus Tissue During Cryopreservation[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2025 , 46 (9) : 2127 -2134 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.09.010
超低温保存是指将生物材料,如植物组织、细胞等在液氮中(‒196 ℃)长期保存,此温度下细胞分裂和新陈代谢活动停滞,降低了离体组织培养长期继代所带来的遗传变异风险,是目前热带作物种质资源离体保存的主要方式之一[1-3],已广泛应用于木薯[4]、橡胶[5]、菠萝[6-7]、咖啡[8-9]、椰子[10-11]等。植物材料在超低温保存过程中会发生生理代谢紊乱、细胞膜受损、活性氧胁迫等,材料经冻存后存活的组织可能具有一定的抗胁迫和较强的生活力[12-13]。研究显示,超低温保存过程中芍药花粉的过氧化氢含量随保存时间的增加而显著提高,与花粉生活力显著相关[14]。脱水处理和不同冷冻方法对龙眼种子过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性以及丙二醛(MDA)、可溶性糖和蛋白质含量具有显著影响[15]。含水量为30%的苹果休眠芽在超低温保存过程中脂质组分发生重构,抗氧化物酶活性升高,超低温保存后休眠芽再生率可达90%以上[16]。水稻萌发胚芽在超低温保存预培养、植物玻璃化溶液(plant vitrification solution,PVS)PVS2处理过程中发生氧化胁迫,活性氧大量累积,抗氧化系统发生响应,抗氧化剂谷胱甘肽(GSH)、抗坏血酸(ASA)等的含量及抗氧化相关酶SOD、CAT等的活性显著改变[17]
天然橡胶是重要的工业原料和战略物资,橡胶树(Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.)是天然橡胶的主要来源。橡胶树花药愈伤组织是良好的遗传转化受体,但是花药的获取受季节限制,且长期继代可能导致胚性愈伤组织发生体细胞变异[18],而超低温保存不仅能将花药愈伤组织长期保存,还能有效遏制愈伤组织体细胞发生变异。前期,团队已初步建立了橡胶树花药愈伤组织的超低温保存体系[5],发现花药愈伤组织预培养3 d,采用60%的PVS2预处理20 min后,于PVS2溶液中干燥脱水40 min,可使超低温保存后花药愈伤组织存活率达到70%以上[5]。目前,还未见有关脱水时间对超低温保存后花药愈伤组织生理指标影响方面的报道。为进一步评价不同脱水时间对超低温保存前后橡胶树花药愈伤组织相关生理指标的影响,本研究将花药愈伤组织于PVS2溶液中分别干燥脱水0、10、20、40 min后进行超低温保存,分析脱水时间对超低温保存愈伤组织中与抗性相关的可溶性蛋白含量、CAT、SOD、POD活性和MDA含量等生理指标的影响,并进一步对脱水40 min后超低温保存的花药愈伤组织进行复苏和诱导易碎胚性愈伤系的形成。本研究为橡胶树花药愈伤组织超低温保存再生奠定生理基础,为其他作物超低温保存体系的建立提供理论参考。
以定植于中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所儋州试验基地的橡胶树无性系热研73397为试验材料,采集春季幼嫩雄花花药作为外植体。
将接种培养40 d的橡胶树热研73397花药愈伤组织于改良MS培养基(附加5%蔗糖和5%二甲基亚砜)中室温(25±2)℃避光预培养3 d后转移至冻存管中。采用玻璃化超低温处理方法,先在装有花药愈伤组织的冻存管中加入5 mL 60% PVS2溶液(30%甘油+15%二甲基亚砜+15%乙二醇+0.4 mol/L蔗糖),20 min后将溶液吸出。然后加入PVS2溶液5 mL,于冰水混合物中分别干燥脱水0、10、20、40 min后将溶液吸出,再加入PVS2溶液5 mL,将冻存管于液氮中保存24 h后于40 ℃水浴解冻。测定比较超低温保存前后不同脱水时间花药愈伤组织与抗性相关生理指标。
可溶性蛋白含量测定采用考马斯亮蓝G-250染色法[15],CAT活性测定采用分光光度法[19],SOD活性测定采用氮蓝四唑光化还原法[20],POD活性测定采用愈创木酚法[21],MDA含量测定采用硫代巴比妥酸(TBA)比色法[17]
将脱水处理40 min的花药愈伤组织经超低温保存24 h后于40 ℃水浴解冻,然后将解冻后的花药愈伤组织倒入空培养皿中,吸净PVS2溶液后加入洗涤液(M1培养基附加1.2 mol/L蔗糖)浸泡清洗10 min,重复清洗3次后吸净洗涤液,将洗涤后的花药愈伤组织接种至M1培养基(改良MS+1.5 mg/L KT+1.5 mg/L 2,4-D+1.5 mg/L NAA+0.1 g/L肌醇+0.3 g/L天冬酰胺+50 mL/L椰子水+2.2 g/L植物凝胶,pH 5.8)。跟踪观察花药愈伤组织发生及恢复情况,40 d后统计愈伤组织存活率。观察恢复后新生长的愈伤组织结构,在新愈伤组织达到5 mm左右,显微镜下观察记录表型,挑出转至新鲜M1培养基中进行增殖继代培养,每2~3周继代1次,直至形成稳定的易碎胚性愈伤系。愈伤组织存活率=(愈伤存活数/超低温处理的愈伤数)×100%,易碎胚性愈伤系诱导率=(易碎胚性愈伤系个数/超低温处理的愈伤数)×100%。
所有试验均重复3次。使用IBM SPSS Statistics 22软件对数据进行统计分析,采用单因素方差分析(One-way ANOVA)、Duncan's多重比较方法(α=0.05)对生理数据进行处理。使用Microsoft Excel 2016软件作图。
图1可知,超低温保存前后,花药愈伤组织可溶性蛋白含量均随着脱水时间的延长而增加,且均在脱水40 min时达到最大值,分别为103.93、129.63 μg/mL,显著高于对照组(0 min)。超低温保存前后,脱水0、10、20 min的花药愈伤组织的可溶性蛋白含量均差异不显著。超低温保存后各脱水时间点的可溶性蛋白含量均较保存前升高,但差异不显著。
图2可知,脱水时间对花药愈伤组织CAT活性影响差异不显著,且超低温保存前后,花药愈伤组织CAT活性均随着脱水时间的延长而增强,均在脱水40 min时达到最大值,分别为512.55、627.30 U/g,分别较对照组增加68.85、114.75 U/g。超低温保存后各脱水时间点的CAT活性均高于保存前。
图3可知,脱水时间对花药愈伤组织SOD活性的影响差异显著。超低温保存前后,花药愈伤组织SOD活性均随着脱水时间的延长而显著增强,且均在脱水40 min时达到最大值,分别为273.24、290.38 U/g。脱水40 min时,超低温保存后花药愈伤组织SOD活性高于保存前17.14 U/g,但二者差异不显著。超低温保存后各脱水时间的SOD活性均高于保存前。
图4可知,超低温保存前,脱水时间对花药愈伤组织POD活性差异不显著。超低温保存后,花药愈伤组织POD活性随脱水时间的延长而增强,且在脱水40 min时达到最大值25 643.33 U/g,显著高于脱水0、10、20 min时的POD活性。脱水40 min时,超低温保存后花药愈伤组织POD活性比保存前高13 311.67 U/g。超低温保存后各脱水时间的POD活性均显著高于保存前。
图5可知,超低温保存前,花药愈伤组织MDA含量随脱水时间的延长呈显著增加,在40 min时达到最大值(43.26 nmol/g);超低温保存后,MDA含量随脱水时间的延长呈显著下降,在脱水40 min时降到最低值(41.31 nmol/g)。除脱水40 min外,超低温保存后花药愈伤组织的MDA含量均较保存前高。
花药愈伤组织经40 min脱水后进行超低温保存和复苏处理。结果显示,3个处理组(处理1、2、3)的愈伤(每组30个愈伤)在超低温保存后,分别有23、22、21个愈伤复苏存活,存活率分别为76.67%、73.33%、70.00%。90个愈伤中共有66个存活,平均存活率为73.33%(表1)。3个处理组形成的易碎胚性愈伤系分别为5、3、4个,易碎胚性愈伤系诱导率分别为16.67%、10.00%、13.33%。90个愈伤中共形成12个易碎胚性愈伤系,平均易碎胚性愈伤系诱导率为13.33%(表1)。愈伤组织的复苏、增殖及易碎胚性愈伤系的形成如图6所示。
超低温保存可降低橡胶树花药愈伤组织长期继代发生的遗传变异风险,是长期保存花药愈伤组织的有效方法。超低温保存主要包括预处理、脱水处理和液氮保存等步骤,其中脱水处理能避免植物材料在液氮冷冻过程中形成的大量冰晶对细胞造成的破坏,提高超低温保存后植物材料的再生率,是超低温保存中至关重要的步骤。橡胶树花药愈伤组织于PVS2溶液中不同脱水时间对超低温保存后的存活率具有显著影响,其中脱水40 min的愈伤组织超低温保存后存活率最高[5]。为进一步了解脱水时间对超低温保存花药愈伤组织与抗性相关生理指标的影响,本研究分析橡胶树花药愈伤组织于PVS2溶液中脱水0、10、20、40 min进行超低温保存前后其可溶性蛋白、MDA含量以及CAT、SOD、POD等抗氧化酶活性的变化,并进一步对脱水40 min后超低温保存的花药愈伤组织进行复苏和诱导易碎胚性愈伤系的形成。
可溶性蛋白可增强植物细胞的持水能力,提高细胞的抗冷性,降低因结冰产生的细胞损伤。本研究结果显示,随着脱水时间的延长,超低温保存前后花药愈伤组织中可溶性蛋白含量均明显提高,在40 min时达到最大值,且超低温保存后的可溶性蛋白含量均高于保存前,表明延长脱水时间可增强愈伤组织的抗低温能力,有利于超低温保存后愈伤组织的存活。一些研究如任悦等[22]将水曲柳合子胚经脱水后进行超低温保存,其可溶性蛋白含量提高,增加了存活率;山茶花粉经超低温保存后可溶性蛋白含量明显增加[23];含水量为36.78%的龙眼种子经玻璃化冷冻后可溶性蛋白含量也显著提高[15],这些结果与本研究的结果类似。
植物组织在超低温保存过程中会产生大量活性氧,导致氧化胁迫,引起抗氧化酶活性改变[24-25]。植物酶促清除系统主要包括SOD、CAT、POD、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)等[26]。本研究结果表明,脱水时间对超低温保存后花药愈伤组织SOD和POD活性具有显著影响,而对CAT活性无显著影响,SOD和POD活性随脱水时间延长而明显增强,这说明SOD和POD可能在活性氧清除及花药愈伤组织抗低温胁迫、抗氧化损伤中发挥重要作用。脱水40 min时花药愈伤组织超低温保存后CAT、SOD和POD活性均高于其他脱水时间,说明脱水40 min可明显提升超低温保存后愈伤组织的抗氧化能力,有利于超低温保存后愈伤组织存活。有研究结果表明,超低温保存后的油棕合子胚和胚性愈伤组织中过氧化氢含量显著增加,SOD、POD、CAT、APX等酶的活性发生显著变化[25];含水量为20%和30%的苹果休眠芽在超低温保存后,其抗氧化酶SOD、CAT和POD的活性显著高于含水量为40%的苹果休眠芽,可能有助于清除过多的活性氧,促进休眠芽存活[16];李珊珊等[15]研究表明,脱水处理显著提高了玻璃化超低温保存后龙眼种子SOD活性,CAT、POD活性也有一定提高,认为将龙眼种子脱水后再进行超低温保存可减轻活性氧积累导致的细胞膜伤害。以上研究结果进一步说明,适宜的脱水处理能提高超低温保存后植物组织中的抗氧化酶活性,进而提升超低温保存后植物的再生率。
MDA是衡量细胞膜氧化损伤程度的重要指标。本研究中,超低温保存前,MDA含量随脱水时间延长而呈显著增加趋势,而超低温保存后则呈显著下降趋势。说明超低温保存前延长脱水时间导致细胞膜氧化损伤加剧,而超低温保存后延长脱水时间逐渐减轻了氧化损伤。脱水40 min时MDA含量最低,说明脱水40 min可有效降低由超低温保存引发的氧化损伤。这与任悦等[22]经玻璃化超低温保存后的水曲柳合子胚中MDA含量随脱水时间的延长而逐渐降低的研究结果类似。而大苞鞘石斛原球茎在超低温保存过程中MDA含量显著升高,解冻后MDA含量达到最大值[27],说明超低温保存过程中其细胞膜脂过氧化程度加剧。此外,益智种子在液氮冷冻过程中MDA含量则呈先上升后下降趋势,直至趋于稳定[28]。这些研究表明超低温保存对植物细胞MDA含量具有显著影响。
综合以上研究结果可知,脱水40 min的橡胶树花药愈伤组织超低温保存后,其可溶性蛋白含量、CAT、SOD和POD活性最高,MDA含量最低,表明脱水40 min可明显增强超低温保存后愈伤组织细胞的持水能力和抗氧化水平,有利于超低温保存后愈伤组织存活,从生理角度证明40 min是橡胶树花药愈伤组织超低温保存适宜的脱水时间[5]。在此研究基础上,对超低温保存后橡胶树花药愈伤组织进行复苏,结果显示,脱水处理40 min的花药愈伤组织经超低温保存后的平均存活率在70%以上,这与之前的研究结果一致[5]。花药愈伤组织经进一步诱导形成易碎胚性愈伤系,平均诱导率可达13.33%。本研究不仅为橡胶树花药愈伤组织超低温保存再生奠定生理基础,也为其他作物超低温保存体系的建立提供理论参考。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(32271915)
  • 海南省自然科学基金面上项目(321MS0805)
  • 热带作物生物育种全国重点实验室科研项目(NKLTCBCXTD22)
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2025年第46卷第9期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.09.010
  • 接收时间:2025-04-08
  • 首发时间:2026-03-07
  • 出版时间:2025-09-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-04-08
  • 录用日期:2025-06-03
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(32271915)
海南省自然科学基金面上项目(321MS0805)
热带作物生物育种全国重点实验室科研项目(NKLTCBCXTD22)
作者信息
    1.中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所/海口市热带植物种苗创新重点实验室/农业农村部橡胶生物学与遗传资源利用重点实验室/海南省热带作物栽培生理学重点实验室/省部共建国家重点实验室培育基地,海南海口 571101
    2.中国热带农业科学院三亚研究院,海南三亚 572025
    3.热带作物生物育种全国重点实验室,海南三亚 572025
    4.云南农业大学热带作物学院,云南普洱 665099

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* 黄天带(HUANG Tiandai),E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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