Article(id=1237016048520721338, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1237016039171608726, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.09.018, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1743955200000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-07, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1748275200000, acceptedDateStr=2025-05-27, onlineDate=1772857208614, onlineDateStr=2026-03-07, pubDate=1758729600000, pubDateStr=2025-09-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1772857208614, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-07, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1772857208614, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1772857208614, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1237016039171608726, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, year='2025', volume='46', issue='9', pageStart='2031', pageEnd='2286', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1772857206385, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773049161445, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1237821157118890427, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1237016039171608726, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1237821157118890428, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1237016039171608726, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2204, endPage=2213, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1237016048826905546, articleId=1237016048520721338, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=EN, title=Effect of Different Fertilizers on the Endophytic Bacterial Community Structures in Tomato Roots, columnId=1236286112713470633, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, columnName=Post-harvest Treatment & Quality Safety, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The study was aimed to develop organic fertilizers replacing chemical fertilizers and reveal the effect mechanism of fertilization on plant health, endophytic bacterial community structures in tomato roots. Five fertilization treatments were set up, no fertilization (CK), application with chemical fertilizer (T1), peanut cake fertilizer (T2), soybean cake fertilizer (T3) and tea cake fertilizer (T4) at the identical nitrogen level. Meanwhile, based on high-throughput sequencing technology, the endophytic bacterial community structure in tomato roots was analyzed. The numbers of endophytic bacterial communities in tomato roots at different taxonomic categories were all improved over CK. Meanwhile, except T4 treatment, the diversity and richness of endophytic bacteria community in tomato roots under T2 and T3 were all higher than those of T1. At the phylum or genus level, the endophytic bacterial composition and the percentage in tomato roots were all altered by different fertilizer treatments. Among them, not only the numbers of dominant endophytic bacterial were improved, but also the endophytic bacterial community structures were reshaped. Particularly, some beneficial bacterial genera, such as Rhizobium, Bacillus, Microbacterium, Castellaniella, with the function of growth promotion, plant resistance and quality improvement enriched in tomato roots under T2 treatment. Compared with CK, the diversity and richness of endophytic bacterial community in tomato roots were improved, and the endophytic bacterial composition in tomato roots could be reshaped by different fertilization. The highest diversity and richness of endophytic bacterial communities could be found in tomato roots under T2 treatment, followed by T3 treatment. The beneficial endophytic bacterial genera, such as Rhizobium, Bacillus, Microbacterium and Castellaniella enriched in tomato roots under T2 treatment only. It indicated that the effect of peanut cake fertilizer on plant health was better than those of chemical fertilizer, soybean and tea cake fertilizers under the identical nitrogen levels.

, correspAuthors=Shangdong YANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Liyuan LIAO, Yanli SU, Xinni LI, Shuaishuai WANG, Wen LU, Shangdong YANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1237016050403962958, articleId=1237016048520721338, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=CN, title=施用不同肥料对番茄植株根系内生细菌群落结构的影响, columnId=1237016045714723050, journalTitle=热带作物学报, columnName=采后处理与农业生态, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

探究施用不同种类肥料对番茄植株根系内生细菌群落结构的影响,有助于揭示微生物与植物之间的互作机制,为优化施肥策略、开发利用有机肥替代化肥提供理论依据和技术支撑。设置不施肥(CK)以及等氮水平的施用氮肥(T1)、花生饼肥(T2)、豆饼肥(T3)和茶饼肥(T4)5个不同处理,基于高通量测序技术分析不同施肥处理番茄植株根系内生细菌群落结构。结果表明:T2、T3处理显著提高番茄可溶性糖、可溶性固形物含量,且与T1处理相比,可滴定酸含量显著降低。与CK相比,不同施肥处理均提高了根系内生细菌不同分类数量。其中,除T4处理外,T2、T3处理提升内生细菌群落多样性和丰富度的效果均优于T1处理;此外,与CK相比,不同施肥处理番茄根系内生细菌门、属分类组成和占比均发生改变,施肥处理不仅提高样本中优势菌门、优势菌属的数量,而且塑造了更为丰富多样的内生细菌群落结构,尤其以T2处理效果最佳;T2处理番茄根系中,富集了中生根瘤菌属、芽孢杆菌属、生丝微菌属、卡斯特兰尼氏菌属等具有促进番茄生长、提高植株抗性和果实品质作用的有益功能细菌属。与CK相比,不同施肥处理不仅提高番茄根系内生细菌群落多样性和丰富度,而且重塑了番茄根系内生细菌群落组成。化肥、花生饼肥、豆饼和茶饼肥4种肥料中,花生饼肥提升番茄根系内生细菌多样性及丰富度的效果最佳,其次是豆饼肥,均优于氮肥处理。另一方面,与施用氮肥相比,施用花生饼肥富集了中生根瘤菌属、芽孢杆菌属、生丝微菌属、卡斯特兰尼氏菌属等潜在的有益内生细菌属,其维护番茄植株健康能力优于施用等氮水平的化肥、豆饼和茶饼肥。

, correspAuthors=杨尚东, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 杨尚东(YANG Shangdong),E-mail:
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廖黎媛(2001—),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:植物与微生物互作。

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廖黎媛(2001—),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:植物与微生物互作。

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廖黎媛(2001—),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:植物与微生物互作。

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Analysis of the pathogenic function of the hrp gene in the type III secretion system of Xanthomonas black rot[D]. Nanning: Guangxi University, 2014. 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Substrate selection based on static and dynamic pollutant removal processes and research on SI-VSSFCW systems[D]. Fuzhou: Donghua University of Science and Technology, 2022. 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Study on the regulation of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria on the growth and salt tolerance of Trifolium pratense in the Minshan Mountains[D]. Lanzhou: Lanzhou University, 2022. 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Diversity and structure analysis of bacterial communities in different ecological niches of the root system of Seashell melon[J]. Journal of Southern Agriculture, 2024, 55(4): 985-995. 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Study on the treatment of pharmaceutical park wastewater using electro-Fenton combined with A/O process[D]. Hohhot: Inner Mongolia University, 2023. 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Effects of reduced chemical fertilizer application combined with organic fertilizer on the diversity of bacterial communities in the rhizosphere soil of field-grown tobacco[J]. Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2021, 34(10): 2191-2196. 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language=CN, label=图1, caption=不同施肥处理番茄植株根系内生细菌PCoA分析(OTU水平), figureFileSmall=/paUPfR83nuOzdwiLh67bQ==, figureFileBig=s8E8i0maotFRS4NG9+Hx4w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1237023456718541027, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237016048520721338, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Venn diagram of endophytic bacteria in tomato roots under different fertilization (OTU level), figureFileSmall=LAY0KUDEoWVKOCcrK9fP2Q==, figureFileBig=gz0O+iQbAvkI2dkQcPnfnQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1237023456815010027, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237016048520721338, language=CN, label=图2, caption=不同施肥处理番茄根系内生细菌Venn图(OTU水平), figureFileSmall=LAY0KUDEoWVKOCcrK9fP2Q==, figureFileBig=gz0O+iQbAvkI2dkQcPnfnQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1237023456924061940, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237016048520721338, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Compositions of endophytic bacteria in tomato roots at phylum level under different fertilization, figureFileSmall=NHtgzhCcGJvNDpoCadUw7A==, figureFileBig=+flf16Rmh6puEYfU8ZtKqQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1237023457020530938, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237016048520721338, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同施肥处理下根系内生细菌门分类水平组成, figureFileSmall=NHtgzhCcGJvNDpoCadUw7A==, figureFileBig=+flf16Rmh6puEYfU8ZtKqQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1237023457125388549, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237016048520721338, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Distribution of endophytic bacteria in tomato roots at genus level under different fertilization, figureFileSmall=S3ALPbIgR0PGRmYXcMvBug==, figureFileBig=Iwh2X4tE3Gv2tZ41e0b/Sg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1237023457213468938, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237016048520721338, language=CN, label=图4, caption=不同施肥处理下根系内生细菌属分类水平结构分布, figureFileSmall=S3ALPbIgR0PGRmYXcMvBug==, figureFileBig=Iwh2X4tE3Gv2tZ41e0b/Sg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1237023457330909460, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237016048520721338, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=LEfSe analysis of endophytic bacteria in tomato roots under different fertilization (LDA threshold 3.0), figureFileSmall=FaHcwqrrZYGeY0lrO6KHgQ==, figureFileBig=5QZ9jQnRBVMBQ5mpH3kNwA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1237023457418989850, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237016048520721338, language=CN, label=图5, caption=不同施肥处理下番茄植株根系内生细菌的LEfSe分析(LDA阈值3.0), figureFileSmall=FaHcwqrrZYGeY0lrO6KHgQ==, figureFileBig=5QZ9jQnRBVMBQ5mpH3kNwA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1237023457490293023, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237016048520721338, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Experimental design and fertilizer application rates

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理
Treatment
基肥(70%)
Base fertilizer(70%)
追肥(30%)
Additional fertilization(30%)
总氮量
Total nitrogen
CK000
T112.065.178
T295.8041.408
T385.8036.808
T4381.00163.008
), ArticleFig(id=1237023457607733542, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237016048520721338, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

试验设计及施肥用量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理
Treatment
基肥(70%)
Base fertilizer(70%)
追肥(30%)
Additional fertilization(30%)
总氮量
Total nitrogen
CK000
T112.065.178
T295.8041.408
T385.8036.808
T4381.00163.008
), ArticleFig(id=1237023457708396845, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237016048520721338, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Primer names and sequences

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
引物类型
Primer type
名称
Name
序列(5′–3′)
Sequence(5′–3′)
测序平台
Sequencing platform
序列长度
Sequencing length/bp
内生细菌Endophytic bacteria799FAACMGGATTAGATACCCKGPE250394
1193RACGTCATCCCCACCTTCC  
), ArticleFig(id=1237023457809060146, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237016048520721338, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

引物名称及序列

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
引物类型
Primer type
名称
Name
序列(5′–3′)
Sequence(5′–3′)
测序平台
Sequencing platform
序列长度
Sequencing length/bp
内生细菌Endophytic bacteria799FAACMGGATTAGATACCCKGPE250394
1193RACGTCATCCCCACCTTCC  
), ArticleFig(id=1237023457918112056, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237016048520721338, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

Effect of different fertilization treatments on tomato quality

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理
Treatment
可溶性糖含量
Soluble sugar conten
可溶性固形物含量
Soluble solids conten
可滴定酸含量
Titratable acid content
CK4.05±0.04b6.45±0.21b0.39±0.04b
T14.19±0.07b6.63±0.06b0.44±0.02a
T24.64±0.02a7.27±0.12a0.35±0.04b
T34.72±0.03a7.13±0.15a0.34±0.02b
T4   
), ArticleFig(id=1237023458001998142, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237016048520721338, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同施肥处理对番茄品质的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理
Treatment
可溶性糖含量
Soluble sugar conten
可溶性固形物含量
Soluble solids conten
可滴定酸含量
Titratable acid content
CK4.05±0.04b6.45±0.21b0.39±0.04b
T14.19±0.07b6.63±0.06b0.44±0.02a
T24.64±0.02a7.27±0.12a0.35±0.04b
T34.72±0.03a7.13±0.15a0.34±0.02b
T4   
), ArticleFig(id=1237023458111050052, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237016048520721338, language=EN, label=Tab. 4, caption=

Numbers of endophytic bacterial communities at different taxonomic levels in tomato roots under different fertilizations

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理
Treatment
OTU数量
Numbers of operational taxonomic units
不同分类类别数量Numbers of different taxonomic categories
门Phylum纲Class目Order科Family属Genus种Species
  142770114176238
T112622654146271474787
T214252855140271528872
T314082756144277515869
T412152453133260493786
总计208128641713276391117
), ArticleFig(id=1237023458232684876, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237016048520721338, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同施肥处理番茄植株根系内生细菌群落不同分类水平数量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理
Treatment
OTU数量
Numbers of operational taxonomic units
不同分类类别数量Numbers of different taxonomic categories
门Phylum纲Class目Order科Family属Genus种Species
  142770114176238
T112622654146271474787
T214252855140271528872
T314082756144277515869
T412152453133260493786
总计208128641713276391117
), ArticleFig(id=1237023458329153872, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237016048520721338, language=EN, label=Tab. 5, caption=

Diversity indices of endophytic bacterial communities in tomato roots under different fertilizations

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理
Treatment
香农指数
Shannon index
辛普森指数
Simpson index
Ace指数
Ace index
Chao1指数
Chao1 index
覆盖范围
Coverage/%
CK0.47±0.07b0.88±0.02a438.25±47.46c330.31±41.71c0.99
T14.63±0.29a0.04±0.01b959.97±27.43b941.73±22.88b0.99
T25.39±0.39a0.01±0.01b1258.60±47.84a1262.80±46.39a0.98
T35.29±0.03a0.01±0.002b1155.70±46.88a1150.90±63.08a0.99
T44.14±0.46a0.11±0.06b1152.80±34.30a1137.30±44.35a0.99
), ArticleFig(id=1237023458400457046, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237016048520721338, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

不同施肥处理番茄植株根系内生细菌群落的多样性指数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理
Treatment
香农指数
Shannon index
辛普森指数
Simpson index
Ace指数
Ace index
Chao1指数
Chao1 index
覆盖范围
Coverage/%
CK0.47±0.07b0.88±0.02a438.25±47.46c330.31±41.71c0.99
T14.63±0.29a0.04±0.01b959.97±27.43b941.73±22.88b0.99
T25.39±0.39a0.01±0.01b1258.60±47.84a1262.80±46.39a0.98
T35.29±0.03a0.01±0.002b1155.70±46.88a1150.90±63.08a0.99
T44.14±0.46a0.11±0.06b1152.80±34.30a1137.30±44.35a0.99
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施用不同肥料对番茄植株根系内生细菌群落结构的影响
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廖黎媛 1 , 苏燕莉 1 , 李欣霓 1 , 王帅帅 1 , 卢文 2 , 杨尚东 1, *
热带作物学报 | 采后处理与农业生态 2025,46(9): 2204-2213
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热带作物学报 | 采后处理与农业生态 2025, 46(9): 2204-2213
施用不同肥料对番茄植株根系内生细菌群落结构的影响
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廖黎媛1, 苏燕莉1, 李欣霓1, 王帅帅1, 卢文2, 杨尚东1, *
作者信息
  • 1.广西大学农学院/广西农产品安全重点实验室/植物科学国家级实验教学示范中心,广西南宁 530004
  • 2.广西扶绥县农业科学研究所,广西扶绥 532199
  • 廖黎媛(2001—),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:植物与微生物互作。

通讯作者:

* 杨尚东(YANG Shangdong),E-mail:
Effect of Different Fertilizers on the Endophytic Bacterial Community Structures in Tomato Roots
Liyuan LIAO1, Yanli SU1, Xinni LI1, Shuaishuai WANG1, Wen LU2, Shangdong YANG1, *
Affiliations
  • 1.College of Agriculture, Guangxi University / Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Safety / National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Plant Science, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
  • 2.Fusui County Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Fusui, Guangxi 532199, China
出版时间: 2025-09-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.09.018
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探究施用不同种类肥料对番茄植株根系内生细菌群落结构的影响,有助于揭示微生物与植物之间的互作机制,为优化施肥策略、开发利用有机肥替代化肥提供理论依据和技术支撑。设置不施肥(CK)以及等氮水平的施用氮肥(T1)、花生饼肥(T2)、豆饼肥(T3)和茶饼肥(T4)5个不同处理,基于高通量测序技术分析不同施肥处理番茄植株根系内生细菌群落结构。结果表明:T2、T3处理显著提高番茄可溶性糖、可溶性固形物含量,且与T1处理相比,可滴定酸含量显著降低。与CK相比,不同施肥处理均提高了根系内生细菌不同分类数量。其中,除T4处理外,T2、T3处理提升内生细菌群落多样性和丰富度的效果均优于T1处理;此外,与CK相比,不同施肥处理番茄根系内生细菌门、属分类组成和占比均发生改变,施肥处理不仅提高样本中优势菌门、优势菌属的数量,而且塑造了更为丰富多样的内生细菌群落结构,尤其以T2处理效果最佳;T2处理番茄根系中,富集了中生根瘤菌属、芽孢杆菌属、生丝微菌属、卡斯特兰尼氏菌属等具有促进番茄生长、提高植株抗性和果实品质作用的有益功能细菌属。与CK相比,不同施肥处理不仅提高番茄根系内生细菌群落多样性和丰富度,而且重塑了番茄根系内生细菌群落组成。化肥、花生饼肥、豆饼和茶饼肥4种肥料中,花生饼肥提升番茄根系内生细菌多样性及丰富度的效果最佳,其次是豆饼肥,均优于氮肥处理。另一方面,与施用氮肥相比,施用花生饼肥富集了中生根瘤菌属、芽孢杆菌属、生丝微菌属、卡斯特兰尼氏菌属等潜在的有益内生细菌属,其维护番茄植株健康能力优于施用等氮水平的化肥、豆饼和茶饼肥。

饼肥  /  番茄  /  根系  /  内生细菌

The study was aimed to develop organic fertilizers replacing chemical fertilizers and reveal the effect mechanism of fertilization on plant health, endophytic bacterial community structures in tomato roots. Five fertilization treatments were set up, no fertilization (CK), application with chemical fertilizer (T1), peanut cake fertilizer (T2), soybean cake fertilizer (T3) and tea cake fertilizer (T4) at the identical nitrogen level. Meanwhile, based on high-throughput sequencing technology, the endophytic bacterial community structure in tomato roots was analyzed. The numbers of endophytic bacterial communities in tomato roots at different taxonomic categories were all improved over CK. Meanwhile, except T4 treatment, the diversity and richness of endophytic bacteria community in tomato roots under T2 and T3 were all higher than those of T1. At the phylum or genus level, the endophytic bacterial composition and the percentage in tomato roots were all altered by different fertilizer treatments. Among them, not only the numbers of dominant endophytic bacterial were improved, but also the endophytic bacterial community structures were reshaped. Particularly, some beneficial bacterial genera, such as Rhizobium, Bacillus, Microbacterium, Castellaniella, with the function of growth promotion, plant resistance and quality improvement enriched in tomato roots under T2 treatment. Compared with CK, the diversity and richness of endophytic bacterial community in tomato roots were improved, and the endophytic bacterial composition in tomato roots could be reshaped by different fertilization. The highest diversity and richness of endophytic bacterial communities could be found in tomato roots under T2 treatment, followed by T3 treatment. The beneficial endophytic bacterial genera, such as Rhizobium, Bacillus, Microbacterium and Castellaniella enriched in tomato roots under T2 treatment only. It indicated that the effect of peanut cake fertilizer on plant health was better than those of chemical fertilizer, soybean and tea cake fertilizers under the identical nitrogen levels.

cake fertilizers  /  tomato  /  root  /  endophytic bacteria
廖黎媛, 苏燕莉, 李欣霓, 王帅帅, 卢文, 杨尚东. 施用不同肥料对番茄植株根系内生细菌群落结构的影响. 热带作物学报, 2025 , 46 (9) : 2204 -2213 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.09.018
Liyuan LIAO, Yanli SU, Xinni LI, Shuaishuai WANG, Wen LU, Shangdong YANG. Effect of Different Fertilizers on the Endophytic Bacterial Community Structures in Tomato Roots[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2025 , 46 (9) : 2204 -2213 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.09.018
番茄(Solanum lycopersicum L.)是茄科番茄属的一年生草本植物,起源于南美洲,现已成为全球广泛种植的重要食用果蔬之一[1]。番茄富含番茄红素、胡萝卜素、矿物质和维生素等多种营养物质,具有很强的抗氧化作用,备受全球消费者青睐[2]。全球番茄产业中,我国不仅是全球最大的番茄生产国,还是最大的番茄出口国[3],番茄及其制品已成为我国最重要的出口优势农产品之一,居蔬菜单项产品出口第二位[4]。然而,随着产业的快速发展,部分种植户为了追求更高的产量,盲目增施化肥,导致番茄品质下降及增加生产种植成本[5-6]。此外,过量施用化肥还导致土壤酸化、盐渍化,以及地下水硝酸盐污染等生态环境破坏[7],严重制约着番茄产业的可持续发展。因此,探寻既能提高番茄产量和品质,又能减少化肥使用、保护生态环境的可持续发展方案显得尤为重要。
饼肥是植物种子或果核压榨提取油脂后所剩下的副产品,是一种富含多种有机酸、肽类和包括氮、磷、钾等丰富营养元素的有机缓效肥料。与化肥相比,饼肥不仅能为作物提供全面的营养,而且肥效长,养分释放缓慢,能够满足作物长时间的生长需求。前人研究发现,饼肥含有大量的有益菌类,充分腐熟后施用不但能起到增加产量的效果,还可以增强作物抗性、提高土壤及肥料养分利用率、改善作物品质[8-13]。常见饼肥有花生饼肥、大豆饼肥、菜籽饼肥、棉籽饼肥、芝麻饼肥、油茶饼肥、葵花籽饼肥等,这些饼肥因其丰富的营养成分和良好的肥效,作为一种有机的绿色肥料,在生产中越来越受重视。此外,施用饼肥可以促进有益菌群的富集,改善作物内生细菌群落结构[14]
另一方面,植物内生菌可通过生态位竞争[15]、合成抗菌活性物质[16]和调节植物生理机制[17]等诱导宿主植物抗性,其多样性和丰富度越高,群落结构越复杂,微生物互作网络的稳定性就越强。优化植物内生细菌群落结构对于提高植物的生长、健康和适应自然环境的能力至关重要。
为此,本研究以樱粉1号番茄为试验材料,探究施用不同肥料对番茄植株根系内生细菌群落结构的塑造特征,为优化施肥策略、开发利用有机肥替代化肥,推动番茄产业可持续发展提供理论依据和技术支撑。
试验于2021年6月至2022年1月在广西大学农学院蔬菜教学试验基地(108°17′25″E,22°51′02″N)进行。供试番茄品种为广西大学选育的无限生长型品种樱粉1号。
试验地土壤类型为赤红壤,理化性质如下:土壤pH 5.64,有机质含量为23.26 g/kg,全氮含量为1.22 g/kg,全磷含量为0.57 g/kg,全钾含量为6.8 g/kg,碱解氮含量为126.8 mg/kg。试验所用氮肥含氮量为46.2%,绵阳市光耀农资有限公司生产;所用饼肥(花生饼含氮量为58.4 g/kg,豆饼含氮量为65.2 g/kg,茶饼含氮量为14.7 g/kg)均购于南宁市农贸市场。
2021年8月下旬对番茄种子进行催芽处理,随后进行盘穴育苗,9月定植,定植80 d后陆续采摘成熟番茄果实,2022年1月采集植株根系样品。试验共设以下5个处理:(1)不施肥(CK);(2)施氮肥(T1);(3)施花生饼(T2);(4)施豆饼(T3);(5)施茶饼(T4)。每个处理重复3次,采用随机区组排列,共有15个小区,总面积为42 m2
以番茄整个生长期所需的氮量(8 g)作为施肥的基准[18-19]等氮施肥。参照王林等[20]的方法,施用饼肥前将饼肥置于35 ℃恒温培养箱中发酵21 d,期间定期观察和翻堆,使其充分腐熟。
试验设计及施肥用量详见表1。发酵完成后,使用小松菜种子发芽试验验证饼肥是否已完全腐熟,然后进行饼肥施用试验。番茄植株生长期间,灌溉排水、松土除草、病虫害防治等生产管理措施均按照常规相同管理。
果实采摘后,各施肥处理每个重复小区随机选取长势一致的番茄植株5~6株,用经75%乙醇溶液消毒灭菌过的小铁锹,以植株根部为圆心挖疏松环形圈(深度约30 cm、直径约40 cm),将植株拔起,装入标记好的无菌密封袋放入装有冰袋的盒子带回实验室。
将植株根系用超纯水冲洗3次后用软毛刷轻轻擦拭2 min,去除表面杂质和附着物,再用无菌纸擦拭去除水分,随后转移至2%次氯酸钠溶液中充分浸泡10 min,用超纯水冲洗3次后转移至70%乙醇溶液中再次充分浸泡5 min,后用无菌水冲洗3次,最后用无菌吸水纸吸干表层水分后待用。同时注意收集第3次冲洗后的超纯水。为确定植株根系表面灭菌是否成功,取第3次冲洗后的超纯水100 μL置于Luria-Bertan(iLB)琼脂平板(NaCl 10 g、胰蛋白胨5 g、酵母提取物5 g、琼脂20 g)上,于25 ℃条件下培养7 d。平板中未见菌落,证实已彻底灭菌。将表面无菌化的番茄根系样品用于内生菌群的检测分析。
番茄根系样品总DNA提取、PCR扩增和序列测定均由上海美吉生物医药科技有限公司完成。使用Miseq平台进行高通量测序。
根据FastDNA® Spin Kit for Soil试剂盒(MP biomedicals,U.S.)说明书进行总DNA抽提,DNA浓度和纯度使用NanoDrop 2000分光光度计(thermo fisher scientific,U.S.)检测。在ABI GeneAmp®9700上进行PCR扩增,具体引物和测序类型见表2
Illumina Miseq测序:利用AxyPrep DNA gel extraction kit(axygen biosciences,union city,CA,USA)将同一样本的PCR产物进行回收产物纯化,混合后使用2%琼脂糖凝胶进行回收检测,并用Quantus™ Fluorometer(promega,USA)对回收产物进行检测定量。使用NEXTFLEX® Rapid DNA-Seq Kit进行建库。利用Illumina公司的Miseq PE250平台进行测序(上海美吉生物医药科技有限公司)。
采用Microsoft Excel 2019软件进行数据录入与处理;运用SPSS 18.0软件进行数据统计与分析,采用邓肯氏新复极差检验法(duncan's multiple range test,DMRT)进行多重比较。在线数据分析平台使用I-sanger云数据分析平台(上海美吉生物医药科技有限公司)进行在线数据分析。采用Shannon指数和Simpson指数表示内生菌群的多样性,其丰富度则采用Ace指数和Chao1指数分析。
不同施肥处理番茄果实可滴定酸、可溶性糖、可溶性固形物的含量如表3所示。由于T4处理的果实小而坚硬且颜色青绿、无成熟迹象,无法达到商品要求,故本试验未测量其果实品质指标。数据显示,除T4处理外,各处理的番茄果实可溶性糖含量均在4%以上。T2、T3处理的番茄果实可溶性糖含量显著高于CK和T1处理,且与T1处理相比,可溶性糖含量分别增加10.74%和12.65%。T2、T3处理的番茄果实可溶性固形物含量均达到7%以上,显著高于CK的6.45%。与T1处理相比,T2、T3处理的可溶性固形物含量也显著提高,分别增加9.65%、7.54%。不同施肥处理的番茄果实可滴定酸含量存在一定差异,但总体处于相近水平。其中,T1处理的番茄果实可滴定酸含量相对较高。而T2、T3处理相较于CK均有所降低,但差异不显著。与T1处理相比,T2、T3处理显著降低了番茄果实中可滴定酸含量。
施用花生饼、豆饼显著提升了番茄果实的可溶性糖和可溶性固形物含量,并有效降低可滴定酸水平,而氮肥处理对果实品质的改善作用相对有限。
表4可知,对5个不同施肥处理的样本进行OTU聚类分析,共获得28个门、64个纲、171个目、327个科、639个属、1117个种、2081个OTU。且T1~T4处理的番茄植株根系中,内生细菌不同分类数量均高于相应的CK处理。表明施肥均不同程度地改变了番茄植株根系内生细菌不同分类水平数量。
表5可知,样本检测的覆盖率数值达到98%以上,表明测序深度足以覆盖番茄植株根系内生细菌中的绝大多数物种,所获数据能够客观反映其多样性和丰富度。
其中,表征番茄植株根系内生细菌多样性的Shannon和Simpson指数在各施肥处理之间均差异不显著,但与CK处理之间差异显著;另一方面,表征内生细菌丰富度的Ace和Chao1指数同样表现为施肥处理显著大于CK处理,且所有施用有机饼肥处理亦显著高于施用化肥处理。表明有机饼肥比化肥更有利于塑造丰富的内生细菌群落。
此外,由图1可知,与CK相比,T1~T4处理均诱导番茄植株根系内生细菌群落组成发生显著变化;其中,CK与T1~T4处理之间均存在组间距离,无任何交集;仅T1、T3处理之间相对距离小,存在交集;表明无论施用何种肥料,均重塑了番茄根系内生细菌群落结构,且不同肥料塑造的内生细菌群落亦存在显著差异。
图2可知,CK、T1~T4处理的番茄植株根系中,共有的内生细菌OTU数量为201个,且特有的内生细菌OTU数量分别为2、139、124、135、101个,结果表明,与CK相比,施用化肥降低了番茄根系特有的内生细菌OTU数量,但施用有机饼肥处理则增加了番茄植株根系特有的内生细菌OUT数量。
图3可知,不同施肥处理不仅改变了番茄植株根系内生细菌门分类水平组成,而且改变了共有优势内生细菌门的相对丰度占比。除T4处理外,其余施肥处理番茄植株根系中,相对丰度占比排序前三的细菌门类均为:变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、放线菌门(Actinobacteriota)和绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi);而T4处理则为:变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、放线菌门(Actinobacteriota)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota)。
另一方面,与CK相比,T1处理显著增加了变形菌门细菌的相对丰度,同时降低了其他细菌门类的相对丰度,尤其是放线菌门和绿弯菌门;T2和T3处理诱导变形菌门细菌的相对丰度下降,放线菌门、绿弯菌门和厚壁菌门细菌的相对丰度增加;而T4处理在变形菌门的相对丰度上与T1处理接近,但在其他门类的相对丰度上与T1处理之间差异显著。化肥与有机饼肥处理之间的差异主要体现在变形菌门、放线菌门、绿弯菌门和厚壁菌门细菌的相对丰度,不同有机饼肥处理之间的差异主要体现在绿弯菌门和厚壁菌门细菌的相对丰度上。
图4可知,CK处理的番茄植株根系中,仅检测出1个优势细菌属(相对丰度占比>1%),即罗尔斯通氏菌属(Ralstonia),其相对丰度占比高达93.91%,表现出极高的单一菌属优势。与之相比,所有施肥处理均显著提高了根系内生细菌的多样性水平。其中,T1处理的番茄植株根系中,共检测出19个优势细菌属,最高丰度菌属为伯克霍尔德菌科未分类菌属(unclassified_f__Burkholderiaceae,17.05%);而T2处理番茄植株根系中,共检测出25个优势细菌属,最高丰度菌属为罗河杆菌属(Rhodanobacter,5.20%);T3处理的番茄植株根系中,则检测出18个优势内生细菌属,以红弯曲菌科未分类菌属(norank_f__Roseiflexaceae,11.22%)为主;同时,T4处理的番茄植株根系中,共检测出13个优势细菌属,艾德昂菌属(Ideonella,30.22%)占据主导地位。
此外,CK中番茄根系中未检测出特有的优势内生细菌属;而T1~T4处理的番茄植株根系中,特有的优势细菌属数量分别为7、7、4、3个(图4)。
上述结果表明,与CK相比,不同施肥处理改变了番茄植株根系内生细菌群落组成和结构。与T1处理相比,T2处理表现出最优的多样性提升效果:其优势菌属数量(25个)和特有菌属数量(7个)均高于其他处理,且富集了多种功能菌属(如芽孢杆菌属Bacillus、慢生根瘤菌属Bradyrhizobium)。豆饼肥和茶饼肥处理则未表现出花生饼肥类似的效果。
LEfSe分析还发现,变形菌门(Proteobacteria)细菌在CK处理番茄植株根系中显著富集,而厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)细菌在T2处理番茄植株根系中显著富集,放线菌门(Actinobacteriota)和绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)细菌在T3处理番茄植株根系中显著富集;但T1和T4处理的番茄植株根系中,不存在显著富集的细菌门类(图5)。
属分类水平,伯克霍尔德菌科未分类菌属(unclassified_f__Burkholderiaceae)、嗜甲基菌科未分类菌属(unclassified_f__Methylophilaceae)、类固醇杆菌属(Steroidobacter)、嗜酸杆菌属(Acidibacter)细菌在T1处理的番茄植株根系中显著富集;而罗河杆菌属(Rhodanobacter)、微杆菌属(Microbacterium)细菌则在T2处理的番茄植株根系中显著富集;红弯曲菌科未分类菌属(norank_f__Roseiflexaceae)、游动放线菌属(Actinoplanes)细菌在T3处理的番茄植株根系中显著富集;艾德昂菌属(Ideonella)、食酸菌属(Acidovorax)、Allorhizobium-Neorhizobium-Pararhizobium-Rhizobium、固氮菌属(Azotoba-cter)、贪噬菌属(Variovorax)细菌则在T4处理的番茄植株根系中显著富集(图5)。
植物健康与微生物的关系极为密切,微生物在植物生长、发育和繁殖过程中扮演着不可或缺的角色,深刻地影响着植物的每一个生命阶段。内生菌是植物微生物类群的主要成员[21]。目前的研究已发现,植物内生菌可与宿主共生。一方面,宿主为内生菌提供营养和保护;另一方面,内生菌可以通过不同的途径协助植物生长[22]。其中,根系内生细菌作为根系微生物群落的重要组成部分,其菌群结构变化能改变植物的激素水平或产生植物生长调节因子促进植物生长,而植物亦调控内生菌群落结构的变化,形成互利共生关系,对植物的健康和生长具有重要意义[23]
本研究发现,T2、T3处理使番茄中可溶性糖和可溶性固形物含量显著增加,可滴定酸含量显著降低,促进番茄的果实品质的提升;而T1处理使番茄中可滴定酸含量升高,使番茄风味偏酸,果实品质降低。这与前人的研究结果一致[24],有机肥中的营养成分较为全面,富含多种营养成分、有机质和微生物,施入土壤后能改善土壤结构,缓慢且持续地为番茄植株提供均衡的养分;此外,有机肥中的微生物可通过代谢活动分泌植物激素IAA、铁载体[25],以直接或间接的方式促进根系发育,这可能增强养分吸收,从而增加糖分的积累。
与CK相比,施肥处理显著提高了番茄植株根系中内生细菌多样性和丰富度,施用化肥、花生饼肥、豆饼肥和茶饼肥4种施肥处理中,T2处理的提升效果最佳。前人研究已证实,多样性丰富的内生细菌群落可直接或间接地改善植物的营养吸收[26]、增强抗逆性[27]和抑制病原菌的生长[28]。因此,提升内生微生物多样性不仅有助于减少对化学农药和化肥的依赖,而且有利于生态恢复和发展可持续农业。另一方面,与施用化肥处理相比,施用饼肥(花生饼、豆饼、茶饼)处理更有利于提升番茄根系内生细菌丰富度,表明施用有机肥比施用化肥更有利于维护番茄植株健康。
此外,与CK相比,不同施肥处理同样改变了番茄植株根系内生细菌群落组成。在门分类水平,不同施肥处理均诱导变形菌门细菌丰度占比下降,并提升了其他门分类水平细菌的丰度占比;其中,T2和T3处理的诱导效果最为显著,但T4处理的诱导效果最小。在属分类水平,CK处理中,番茄根系内生细菌相对丰度占比最高的细菌属为罗尔斯通氏菌属,该菌属内某些细菌是多种植物病害的病原菌,例如,罗尔斯通氏菌(Ralstonia solanacearum)是全球范围内最具有破坏性的植物病原菌之一[29]。而不同施肥处理均降低了罗尔斯通氏菌属的丰度占比,提高了其他优势内生细菌属的丰度占比。此外,在各施肥处理中,T2处理的番茄根系优势内生细菌属的数量最多,达25个,但施用豆饼肥和茶饼肥处理分别为18和13个,略逊色于施用化肥处理的19个。这一结果表明:施肥虽有助于改变番茄根系内生细菌群落组成,但施用不同肥料种类的效果各异。另一方面,与施用化肥处理相比,T2处理的番茄根系中,丰度占比最高的优势内生细菌属为罗河杆菌属,其功能包括参与氮循环[30]、合成植物生长激素[31]等;同时,中生根瘤菌属、芽孢杆菌属、生丝微菌属、卡斯特兰尼氏菌属细菌亦是T2处理的番茄根系中特有的优势内生细菌属。研究已证实中生根瘤菌属、芽孢杆菌属细菌在固氮、促进植物生长、增强抗逆性和抑制病原菌等方面发挥着重要作用[32-33];生丝微菌属细菌亦具有降解环境污染物的潜力[34],卡斯特兰尼氏菌属细菌则具有脱氮功能[35]。上述优势内生细菌属富集于施用花生饼肥处理的番茄根系中,表明施用花生饼肥比施用化肥、豆饼肥和茶饼肥更有利于番茄植株的健康。同时,施用茶饼肥改变番茄植株根系内生细菌群落组成的效果不仅差于花生饼肥和豆饼肥,甚至差于化肥。这一现象可能与茶饼肥中含有多酚、茶皂素、挥发性有机化合物和生物碱等抑菌成分或化感物质有关。
施用花生饼和豆饼肥提高了番茄中可溶性糖和可溶性固形物含量,降低了可滴定酸含量,有助于番茄果实品质的提升;而施用氮肥使番茄中可滴定酸含量升高,导致番茄风味偏酸,果实品质下降。与CK处理相比,不同施肥处理不仅提高了番茄根系内生细菌群落多样性和丰富度,而且重塑了番茄根系内生细菌群落组成。化肥、花生饼肥、豆饼和茶饼肥4种肥料中,花生饼肥提升番茄根系内生细菌多样性及丰富度的效果最佳,其次是豆饼肥,均优于化肥处理。另一方面,与施用化肥相比,施用花生饼肥富集了中生根瘤菌属、芽孢杆菌属、生丝微菌属、卡斯特兰尼氏菌属等潜在的有益内生细菌属,其维护番茄植株健康能力优于施用等氮水平的化肥、豆饼和茶饼肥。同时,在使用茶饼肥作为有机肥替代化肥时,需进一步降低化感物质含量后再使用更有助于作物健康。
  • 广西大学巴马产教融合研究院专项(巴人科20220005)
  • 广西重点研发计划项目(桂科AB23026076)
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2025年第46卷第9期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.09.018
  • 接收时间:2025-04-07
  • 首发时间:2026-03-07
  • 出版时间:2025-09-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-04-07
  • 录用日期:2025-05-27
基金
广西大学巴马产教融合研究院专项(巴人科20220005)
广西重点研发计划项目(桂科AB23026076)
作者信息
    1.广西大学农学院/广西农产品安全重点实验室/植物科学国家级实验教学示范中心,广西南宁 530004
    2.广西扶绥县农业科学研究所,广西扶绥 532199

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* 杨尚东(YANG Shangdong),E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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