Article(id=1237016046025101566, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1237016039171608726, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.09.021, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1743955200000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-07, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1747152000000, acceptedDateStr=2025-05-14, onlineDate=1772857208018, onlineDateStr=2026-03-07, pubDate=1758729600000, pubDateStr=2025-09-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1772857208018, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-07, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1772857208018, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1772857208018, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1237016039171608726, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, year='2025', volume='46', issue='9', pageStart='2031', pageEnd='2286', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1772857206385, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773049161445, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1237821157118890427, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1237016039171608726, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1237821157118890428, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1237016039171608726, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2239, endPage=2249, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1237016046708773141, articleId=1237016046025101566, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=EN, title=Using Zeolite-Based Slow-Release Fertilizer to Reduce Soil Nutrient Leaching, columnId=1236286112713470633, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, columnName=Post-harvest Treatment & Quality Safety, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The study prepared slow-release fertilizers with different ratios of zeolite and nano-zeolite and compared them with conventional urea fertilizers to study the effect of zeolite and nano-zeolite as urea carriers on soil nutrient leaching, including nutrient release patterns, leaching characteristics, and impacts on soil nutrient content. A soil column leaching experiment was conducted with seven treatments, conventional urea (CK) and slow-release fertilizers with different ratios of zeolite (ZU1, ZU2, ZU3) and nano-zeolite (nZU1, nZU2, nZU3). The study analyzed the dynamic changes and cumulative leaching amounts of ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus in the leachate and measured the soil nutrient content after leaching. Zeolite and nano-zeolite-based slow-release fertilizers significantly prolonged fertilizer effectiveness and reduced the concentration of ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus in the leachate (P<0.05). Treatments with 50% zeolite (ZU3) and 50% nano-zeolite (nZU3) were the most effective in reducing nutrient leaching. Specifically, ZU3 reduced ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus in the leachate by 7.19%, 6.54%, 14.51% and 9.72%, respectively, while nZU3 reduced them by 7.20%, 6.91%, 12.84% and 6.36%, respectively. The slow-release fertilizers also significantly increased soil nitrogen content, with total nitrogen in ZU3 and nZU3-treated soils increasing by 14.88% and 19.83% compared to the control. From the perspective of nutrient release patterns, it was observed that zeolite and nano-zeolite slow-release fertilizers exhibited a lower release rate in the early stages of the experiment. This is attributed to the strong adsorption properties of zeolite and nano-zeolite, which can effectively slow down the release of urea. The release peak of the fertilizers was delayed to 6–8 days, and the release became more steady in the later stages of leaching. This pattern suggests that the application of zeolite and nano-zeolite can effectively reduce the risk of nutrient loss due to leaching, thereby improving the utilization efficiency of fertilizers. Furthermore, the comparison between zeolite-based and nano-zeolite-based slow-release fertilizers revealed that the differences in reducing the leaching of ammonium nitrogen, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus were not obvious, but both of them had significantly better performance than conventional urea in terms of reducing nutrient leaching (P<0.05). In summary, the use of zeolite and nano-zeolite as urea carriers in slow-release fertilizers showed to be an effective strategy for delaying nutrient release, reducing nitrogen and phosphorus leaching, and enhancing soil nutrient content. The optimal results were achieved with a 50% zeolite and 50% nano-zeolite ratio, indicating a promising application potential in agricultural practices. This approach not only contributes to the sustainable management of soil fertility but also offers a potential solution for reducing the environmental impact associated with excessive fertilizer use.

, correspAuthors=Fengliang ZHAO, Lihua LIU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Yang LI, Fengliang ZHAO, Guangxu ZHANG, Yuxuan YAN, Ganghua ZOU, Lihua LIU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1237016066317144229, articleId=1237016046025101566, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=CN, title=利用沸石基缓释肥减少土壤养分淋失, columnId=1237016045714723050, journalTitle=热带作物学报, columnName=采后处理与农业生态, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为研究沸石、纳米沸石作为尿素载体的缓释肥料对土壤养分淋失的影响,本研究通过制备不同配比的沸石、纳米沸石基缓释肥料,与常规尿素肥料进行对比,研究其在土壤中的养分释放规律、淋失特征及对土壤养分含量的影响。采用土柱淋溶法,设置普通尿素(CK)、不同配比的沸石基缓释肥(ZU1、ZU2、ZU3)和纳米沸石基缓释肥(nZU1、nZU2、nZU3)共7种处理,分析淋溶液中铵态氮、硝态氮、总氮和总磷的动态变化及累积淋失量,并测定淋溶结束后土壤的养分含量。研究结果表明:沸石、纳米沸石基缓释肥显著延长肥料的时效性,降低淋溶液中铵态氮、硝态氮、总氮和总磷的浓度(P<0.05)。与常规尿素相比,50%沸石配比(ZU3)和50%纳米沸石配比(nZU3)的缓释肥处理在减少养分淋失方面效果最佳。具体表现为,ZU3处理使淋溶液中的铵态氮、硝态氮、总氮和总磷分别减少7.19%、6.54%、14.51%和9.72%;nZU3处理则分别减少7.20%、6.91%、12.84%和6.36%。同时,这2种缓释肥处理显著提高土壤中的氮素含量,ZU3和nZU3处理的土壤全氮含量分别比对照提高14.88%和19.83%。从养分释放规律来看,沸石、纳米沸石基缓释肥前期的养分释放速率更低,且养分释放的峰值延后至第6~8天,同时在淋溶后期释放更加平缓。表明沸石、纳米沸石的强吸附性能够有效延缓尿素的释放,减少因淋失而造成的养分损失。此外,沸石、纳米沸石基缓释肥在减少铵态氮、总氮和总磷淋失方面无明显差异,但均显著优于常规尿素肥料(P<0.05)。综合分析结果表明,沸石、纳米沸石作为尿素载体的缓释肥料能够有效延缓养分释放,减少氮、磷养分的淋失,提高土壤养分含量。其中,50%沸石配比和50%纳米沸石配比的缓释肥效果最佳,具有较好的应用前景。

, correspAuthors=赵凤亮, 刘丽华, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 赵凤亮(ZHAO Fengliang),E-mail:
刘丽华(LIU Lihua),E-mail:
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李杨(1997—),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:植物营养与生理生态。

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2.中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所/农业农村部热区高效农业绿色低碳重点实验室,海南海口 571101, bio={"content":"

李杨(1997—),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:植物营养与生理生态。

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李杨(1997—),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:植物营养与生理生态。

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Soil Research, 2007, 45(5): 368-373., articleTitle=Effects of zeolite application on nitrate and ammonium retention of a loamy soil under saturated conditions, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1237023479736881959, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237016046025101566, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2006, volume=54, issue=13, pageStart=4773, pageEnd=4779, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=44, authorNames=BANSIWAL A K, RAYALU S S, LABHASETWAR N K, JUWARKAR A A, DEVOTTA S, journalName=Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, refType=null, unstructuredReference=BANSIWAL A K, RAYALU S S, LABHASETWAR N K, JUWARKAR A A, DEVOTTA S. Surfactant-modified zeolite as a slow release fertilizer for phosphorus[J]. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2006, 54(13): 4773-4779., articleTitle=Surfactant-modified zeolite as a slow release fertilizer for phosphorus, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1237023479812379432, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237016046025101566, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2006, volume=37, issue=15/20, pageStart=2691, pageEnd=2699, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[31], rfOrder=45, authorNames=TSADILAS C D, ARGYROPOULOS G, journalName=Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, refType=null, unstructuredReference=TSADILAS C D, ARGYROPOULOS G. Effect of clinoptilolite addition to soil on wheat yield and nitrogen uptake[J]. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 2006, 37(15/20): 2691-2699., articleTitle=Effect of clinoptilolite addition to soil on wheat yield and nitrogen uptake, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1237023479883682601, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237016046025101566, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=36, issue=14, pageStart=93, pageEnd=100, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[32], rfOrder=46, authorNames=白玉超, 王德汉, 段继贤, 邓宝元, 王宗抗, journalName=中国农学通报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=白玉超, 王德汉, 段继贤, 邓宝元, 王宗抗. 生物炭、沸石与化肥配施的农学和环境效应的研究进展[J]. 中国农学通报, 2020, 36(14): 93-100., articleTitle=生物炭、沸石与化肥配施的农学和环境效应的研究进展, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1237023479954985770, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237016046025101566, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=36, issue=14, pageStart=93, pageEnd=100, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[32], rfOrder=47, authorNames=BAI Y C, WANG D H, DUAN J X, DENG B Y, WANG Z K, journalName=Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, refType=null, unstructuredReference=BAI Y C, WANG D H, DUAN J X, DENG B Y, WANG Z K. Agronomic and environmental effect of combined application of biochar and zeolite with chemical fertilizer: a review[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2020, 36(14): 93-100. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Agronomic and environmental effect of combined application of biochar and zeolite with chemical fertilizer: a review, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1237023480017900331, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237016046025101566, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=16, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[33], rfOrder=48, authorNames=DUBEY A, MAILAPALLI D R, journalName=Environmental Technology & Innovation, refType=null, unstructuredReference=DUBEY A, MAILAPALLI D R. Zeolite coated urea fertilizer using different binders: fabrication, material properties and nitrogen release studies[J]. Environmental Technology & Innovation, 2019, 16: 100452., articleTitle=Zeolite coated urea fertilizer using different binders: fabrication, material properties and nitrogen release studies, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1237023480093397804, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237016046025101566, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=55, issue=12, pageStart=1849, pageEnd=1882, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[34], rfOrder=49, authorNames=SALES H B E, DE S. CAROLINO A, DE A. NUNES R Z, MACALIA C M, RUZO, C M, DA C PINTO C, SANCHES E A, journalName=Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SALES H B E, DE S. CAROLINO A, DE A. NUNES R Z, MACALIA C M, RUZO, C M, DA C PINTO C, SANCHES E A. Advances in agricultural technology: a review of slow-release nanofertilizers and innovative carriers[J]. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 2024, 55(12): 1849-1882., articleTitle=Advances in agricultural technology: a review of slow-release nanofertilizers and innovative carriers, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1237023480160506669, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237016046025101566, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=2, issue=2, pageStart=296, pageEnd=336, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[35], rfOrder=50, authorNames=YADAV A, YADAV K, ABD-ELSALAM K A, journalName=Agrochemicals, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YADAV A, YADAV K, ABD-ELSALAM K A. Nanofertilizers: types, delivery and advantages in agricultural sustainability[J]. Agrochemicals, 2023, 2(2): 296-336., articleTitle=Nanofertilizers: types, delivery and advantages in agricultural sustainability, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1237023480227615534, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237016046025101566, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=24, issue=1, pageStart=924, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[36], rfOrder=51, authorNames=IBRAHIM H M S, MAHMOUD A W M, SOLIMAN M M, HEIDER S M, MOTALEB S A, journalName=BMC Plant Biology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=IBRAHIM H M S, MAHMOUD A W M, SOLIMAN M M, HEIDER S M, MOTALEB S A. Assessing biochar, clinoptilolite zeolite and zeo-char loaded nano-nitrogen for boosting growth performance and biochemical ingredients of peace lily (Spathiphyllum wallisii) plant under water shortage[J]. BMC Plant Biology, 2024, 24(1): 924., articleTitle=Assessing biochar, clinoptilolite zeolite and zeo-char loaded nano-nitrogen for boosting growth performance and biochemical ingredients of peace lily (Spathiphyllum wallisii) plant under water shortage, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1237023474816963321, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237016046025101566, awardId=ZDYF2022XDNY211, language=CN, fundingSource=海南省科技项目(ZDYF2022XDNY211), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1237023474913432314, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237016046025101566, awardId=321RC625, language=CN, fundingSource=海南省自然科学基金项目(321RC625), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1237023466822619751, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237016046025101566, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1237023466826814056, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237016046025101566, companyId=1237023466822619751, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1237023466835202665, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237016046025101566, companyId=1237023466822619751, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.黑龙江八一农垦大学农学院,黑龙江大庆 163319)]), AuthorCompany(id=1237023467086860906, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237016046025101566, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1237023467112026731, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237016046025101566, companyId=1237023467086860906, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.Institute of Environment and Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture in Tropical Region of China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1237023467128803948, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237016046025101566, companyId=1237023467086860906, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所/农业农村部热区高效农业绿色低碳重点实验室,海南海口 571101)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1237023471780287193, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237016046025101566, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Dynamic changes in the pH of leaching solution under different fertilizer treatments

Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference among treatments (P<0.05).

, figureFileSmall=51l+Of1quMk9C0kPXjTFtg==, figureFileBig=QbX+r9KiR2S6DCYJjarfNw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1237023471872561884, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237016046025101566, language=CN, label=图1, caption=不同施肥处理淋溶液的pH动态变化

不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=51l+Of1quMk9C0kPXjTFtg==, figureFileBig=QbX+r9KiR2S6DCYJjarfNw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1237023472019362528, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237016046025101566, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Dynamic changes in of leaching solution under different fertilizer treatments

Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference among treatments (P<0.05).

, figureFileSmall=clmRLrsklI8Qli2RgyS1Dg==, figureFileBig=NvIZAtIrqhj9aLJOcyQ4Jg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1237023473088910050, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237016046025101566, language=CN, label=图2, caption=不同施肥处理淋溶液的动态变化

不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=clmRLrsklI8Qli2RgyS1Dg==, figureFileBig=NvIZAtIrqhj9aLJOcyQ4Jg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1237023473206350564, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237016046025101566, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Cumulative leaching amount of under different fertilizer treatments

Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference among treatments (P<0.05).

, figureFileSmall=orZEvhveM89+8Q8HgmmbrA==, figureFileBig=iYGXgqgSpcfS9NNSkCJyJg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1237023473277653734, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237016046025101566, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同施肥处理的累积淋溶量

不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=orZEvhveM89+8Q8HgmmbrA==, figureFileBig=iYGXgqgSpcfS9NNSkCJyJg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1237023473357345512, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237016046025101566, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Dynamic changes in the content of leaching solution under different fertilizer treatments

Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference among treatments (P<0.05).

, figureFileSmall=FuEWVmriJ/3KHy5Kjr1IHg==, figureFileBig=PGhrXEFZCnwpkKEQYUaqCA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1237023473432842986, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237016046025101566, language=CN, label=图4, caption=不同施肥处理淋溶液的动态变化

不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=FuEWVmriJ/3KHy5Kjr1IHg==, figureFileBig=PGhrXEFZCnwpkKEQYUaqCA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1237023473562866411, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237016046025101566, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Cumulative leaching amount of under different fertilizer treatments

Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference among treatments (P<0.05).

, figureFileSmall=t9VCsExDAFxZ8ZO/yBVSHA==, figureFileBig=YlqMm4lIf/xG5HWtBhoXvw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1237023473667724012, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237016046025101566, language=CN, label=图5, caption=不同施肥处理的累积淋溶量

不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=t9VCsExDAFxZ8ZO/yBVSHA==, figureFileBig=YlqMm4lIf/xG5HWtBhoXvw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1237023473734832877, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237016046025101566, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=Dynamic changes in total nitrogen content of leaching solution under different fertilizer treatments

Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference among treatments (P<0.05).

, figureFileSmall=ma8ZZ55MIvMebeMtecl+5g==, figureFileBig=0QIuOIQCBXczq6yO59O2wg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1237023473793553134, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237016046025101566, language=CN, label=图6, caption=不同施肥处理淋溶液的总氮动态变化

不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=ma8ZZ55MIvMebeMtecl+5g==, figureFileBig=0QIuOIQCBXczq6yO59O2wg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1237023473894216431, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237016046025101566, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=Cumulative leaching amount of total nitrogen under different fertilizer treatments

Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference among treatments (P<0.05).

, figureFileSmall=9tPmR5Hwoz5gC2umdcGBuA==, figureFileBig=fWs4fwqheqSdlg300FtQEg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1237023474028434160, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237016046025101566, language=CN, label=图7, caption=不同施肥处理的总氮累积淋溶量

不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=9tPmR5Hwoz5gC2umdcGBuA==, figureFileBig=fWs4fwqheqSdlg300FtQEg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1237023474129097457, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237016046025101566, language=EN, label=Fig. 8, caption=Dynamic changes in total phosphorus content of leaching solution under different fertilizer treatments

Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference among treatments (P<0.05).

, figureFileSmall=OZOOVwMzZQvpUnDe+VI1cw==, figureFileBig=BKZK1jLFfo9wtpQbvzN/LQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1237023474192012018, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237016046025101566, language=CN, label=图8, caption=不同施肥处理淋溶液的总磷动态变化

不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=OZOOVwMzZQvpUnDe+VI1cw==, figureFileBig=BKZK1jLFfo9wtpQbvzN/LQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1237023474267509491, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237016046025101566, language=EN, label=Fig. 9, caption=Cumulative leaching amount of total phosphorus under different fertilizer treatments

Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference among treatments (P<0.05).

, figureFileSmall=4qS3Y9rELh9+IMiDRDF6Dg==, figureFileBig=vZCkPT7DhOe/wG+pPSfJMg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1237023474351395572, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237016046025101566, language=CN, label=图9, caption=不同施肥处理总磷累积淋溶量

不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=4qS3Y9rELh9+IMiDRDF6Dg==, figureFileBig=vZCkPT7DhOe/wG+pPSfJMg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1237023474460447477, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237016046025101566, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Nitrogen content and adsorption rate of zeolite-based slow-release fertilizer/nano-zeolite-based slow-release fertilizer

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理
Treatment
添加比例
Preparation ratio
理论氮含量
Theoretical nitrogen content/%
实际氮含量
Actual nitrogen content/%
氮吸附率
Adsorption rate/%
ZU125%沸石+75%尿素34.528.8±0.0583.5±0.16bc
ZU235%沸石+65%尿素29.925.3±0.1885.1±0.60ab
ZU350%沸石+50%尿素23.019.6±0.2486.2±1.10a
nZU125%纳米沸石+75%尿素34.528.1±0.0681.7±0.17d
nZU235%纳米沸石+65%尿素29.924.7±0.0782.8±0.25cd
nZU350%纳米沸石+50%尿素23.019.5±0.0584.6±0.20ab
), ArticleFig(id=1237023474527556342, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237016046025101566, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

沸石、纳米沸石基缓释肥氮含量与氮吸附率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理
Treatment
添加比例
Preparation ratio
理论氮含量
Theoretical nitrogen content/%
实际氮含量
Actual nitrogen content/%
氮吸附率
Adsorption rate/%
ZU125%沸石+75%尿素34.528.8±0.0583.5±0.16bc
ZU235%沸石+65%尿素29.925.3±0.1885.1±0.60ab
ZU350%沸石+50%尿素23.019.6±0.2486.2±1.10a
nZU125%纳米沸石+75%尿素34.528.1±0.0681.7±0.17d
nZU235%纳米沸石+65%尿素29.924.7±0.0782.8±0.25cd
nZU350%纳米沸石+50%尿素23.019.5±0.0584.6±0.20ab
), ArticleFig(id=1237023474594665207, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237016046025101566, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Soil nutrient contents of each treatment after leaching

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理
Treatment
铵态氮
Ammonium nitrogen/(mg·kg‒1
硝态氮
Nitrate nitrogen/(mg·kg‒1
可溶性总氮
Soluble total nitrogen/(mg·kg‒1
全氮
Total nitrogen/(g·kg‒1
全磷
Total phosphorus/(g·kg‒1
pH
CK16.50±0.58f8.42±0.14a18.17±1.17f1.21±0.08c0.36±0.01a6.37±0.06c
ZU124.83±0.17e8.08±0.14a22.23±0.72e1.31±0.08abc0.38±0.04a6.39±0.06bc
ZU232.17±0.44c8.83±0.76a28.17±0.60c1.35±0.16abc0.38±0.01a6.46±0.02b
ZU367.00±1.00a9.00±0.87a42.83±1.42a1.45±0.08a0.39±0.01a6.61±0.06a
nZU123.68±0.17e8.00±1.00a23.33±0.67e1.26±0.01bc0.37±0.03a6.39±0.11bc
nZU227.33±0.33d7.50±0.50a25.17±1.30d1.31±0.08abc0.37±0.03a6.46±0.12b
nZU343.17±0.58b8.00±1.80a38.83±0.93b1.39±0.01ab0.38±0.01a6.63±0.04a
), ArticleFig(id=1237023474670162680, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237016046025101566, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

淋溶结束各处理的土壤养分含量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理
Treatment
铵态氮
Ammonium nitrogen/(mg·kg‒1
硝态氮
Nitrate nitrogen/(mg·kg‒1
可溶性总氮
Soluble total nitrogen/(mg·kg‒1
全氮
Total nitrogen/(g·kg‒1
全磷
Total phosphorus/(g·kg‒1
pH
CK16.50±0.58f8.42±0.14a18.17±1.17f1.21±0.08c0.36±0.01a6.37±0.06c
ZU124.83±0.17e8.08±0.14a22.23±0.72e1.31±0.08abc0.38±0.04a6.39±0.06bc
ZU232.17±0.44c8.83±0.76a28.17±0.60c1.35±0.16abc0.38±0.01a6.46±0.02b
ZU367.00±1.00a9.00±0.87a42.83±1.42a1.45±0.08a0.39±0.01a6.61±0.06a
nZU123.68±0.17e8.00±1.00a23.33±0.67e1.26±0.01bc0.37±0.03a6.39±0.11bc
nZU227.33±0.33d7.50±0.50a25.17±1.30d1.31±0.08abc0.37±0.03a6.46±0.12b
nZU343.17±0.58b8.00±1.80a38.83±0.93b1.39±0.01ab0.38±0.01a6.63±0.04a
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利用沸石基缓释肥减少土壤养分淋失
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李杨 1, 2 , 赵凤亮 2, * , 张光旭 1, 2 , 燕宇萱 1, 2 , 邹刚华 2 , 刘丽华 1, *
热带作物学报 | 采后处理与农业生态 2025,46(9): 2239-2249
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热带作物学报 | 采后处理与农业生态 2025, 46(9): 2239-2249
利用沸石基缓释肥减少土壤养分淋失
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李杨1, 2, 赵凤亮2, * , 张光旭1, 2, 燕宇萱1, 2, 邹刚华2, 刘丽华1, *
作者信息
  • 1.黑龙江八一农垦大学农学院,黑龙江大庆 163319
  • 2.中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所/农业农村部热区高效农业绿色低碳重点实验室,海南海口 571101
  • 李杨(1997—),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:植物营养与生理生态。

通讯作者:

* 赵凤亮(ZHAO Fengliang),E-mail:
刘丽华(LIU Lihua),E-mail:
Using Zeolite-Based Slow-Release Fertilizer to Reduce Soil Nutrient Leaching
Yang LI1, 2, Fengliang ZHAO2, * , Guangxu ZHANG1, 2, Yuxuan YAN1, 2, Ganghua ZOU2, Lihua LIU1, *
Affiliations
  • 1.College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, China
  • 2.Institute of Environment and Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture in Tropical Region of China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China
出版时间: 2025-09-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.09.021
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为研究沸石、纳米沸石作为尿素载体的缓释肥料对土壤养分淋失的影响,本研究通过制备不同配比的沸石、纳米沸石基缓释肥料,与常规尿素肥料进行对比,研究其在土壤中的养分释放规律、淋失特征及对土壤养分含量的影响。采用土柱淋溶法,设置普通尿素(CK)、不同配比的沸石基缓释肥(ZU1、ZU2、ZU3)和纳米沸石基缓释肥(nZU1、nZU2、nZU3)共7种处理,分析淋溶液中铵态氮、硝态氮、总氮和总磷的动态变化及累积淋失量,并测定淋溶结束后土壤的养分含量。研究结果表明:沸石、纳米沸石基缓释肥显著延长肥料的时效性,降低淋溶液中铵态氮、硝态氮、总氮和总磷的浓度(P<0.05)。与常规尿素相比,50%沸石配比(ZU3)和50%纳米沸石配比(nZU3)的缓释肥处理在减少养分淋失方面效果最佳。具体表现为,ZU3处理使淋溶液中的铵态氮、硝态氮、总氮和总磷分别减少7.19%、6.54%、14.51%和9.72%;nZU3处理则分别减少7.20%、6.91%、12.84%和6.36%。同时,这2种缓释肥处理显著提高土壤中的氮素含量,ZU3和nZU3处理的土壤全氮含量分别比对照提高14.88%和19.83%。从养分释放规律来看,沸石、纳米沸石基缓释肥前期的养分释放速率更低,且养分释放的峰值延后至第6~8天,同时在淋溶后期释放更加平缓。表明沸石、纳米沸石的强吸附性能够有效延缓尿素的释放,减少因淋失而造成的养分损失。此外,沸石、纳米沸石基缓释肥在减少铵态氮、总氮和总磷淋失方面无明显差异,但均显著优于常规尿素肥料(P<0.05)。综合分析结果表明,沸石、纳米沸石作为尿素载体的缓释肥料能够有效延缓养分释放,减少氮、磷养分的淋失,提高土壤养分含量。其中,50%沸石配比和50%纳米沸石配比的缓释肥效果最佳,具有较好的应用前景。

沸石  /  纳米沸石  /  缓释肥料  /  土壤养分  /  淋溶损失

The study prepared slow-release fertilizers with different ratios of zeolite and nano-zeolite and compared them with conventional urea fertilizers to study the effect of zeolite and nano-zeolite as urea carriers on soil nutrient leaching, including nutrient release patterns, leaching characteristics, and impacts on soil nutrient content. A soil column leaching experiment was conducted with seven treatments, conventional urea (CK) and slow-release fertilizers with different ratios of zeolite (ZU1, ZU2, ZU3) and nano-zeolite (nZU1, nZU2, nZU3). The study analyzed the dynamic changes and cumulative leaching amounts of ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus in the leachate and measured the soil nutrient content after leaching. Zeolite and nano-zeolite-based slow-release fertilizers significantly prolonged fertilizer effectiveness and reduced the concentration of ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus in the leachate (P<0.05). Treatments with 50% zeolite (ZU3) and 50% nano-zeolite (nZU3) were the most effective in reducing nutrient leaching. Specifically, ZU3 reduced ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus in the leachate by 7.19%, 6.54%, 14.51% and 9.72%, respectively, while nZU3 reduced them by 7.20%, 6.91%, 12.84% and 6.36%, respectively. The slow-release fertilizers also significantly increased soil nitrogen content, with total nitrogen in ZU3 and nZU3-treated soils increasing by 14.88% and 19.83% compared to the control. From the perspective of nutrient release patterns, it was observed that zeolite and nano-zeolite slow-release fertilizers exhibited a lower release rate in the early stages of the experiment. This is attributed to the strong adsorption properties of zeolite and nano-zeolite, which can effectively slow down the release of urea. The release peak of the fertilizers was delayed to 6–8 days, and the release became more steady in the later stages of leaching. This pattern suggests that the application of zeolite and nano-zeolite can effectively reduce the risk of nutrient loss due to leaching, thereby improving the utilization efficiency of fertilizers. Furthermore, the comparison between zeolite-based and nano-zeolite-based slow-release fertilizers revealed that the differences in reducing the leaching of ammonium nitrogen, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus were not obvious, but both of them had significantly better performance than conventional urea in terms of reducing nutrient leaching (P<0.05). In summary, the use of zeolite and nano-zeolite as urea carriers in slow-release fertilizers showed to be an effective strategy for delaying nutrient release, reducing nitrogen and phosphorus leaching, and enhancing soil nutrient content. The optimal results were achieved with a 50% zeolite and 50% nano-zeolite ratio, indicating a promising application potential in agricultural practices. This approach not only contributes to the sustainable management of soil fertility but also offers a potential solution for reducing the environmental impact associated with excessive fertilizer use.

zeolite  /  nano-zeolite  /  slow-release fertilizer  /  soil nutrients  /  leaching loss
李杨, 赵凤亮, 张光旭, 燕宇萱, 邹刚华, 刘丽华. 利用沸石基缓释肥减少土壤养分淋失. 热带作物学报, 2025 , 46 (9) : 2239 -2249 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.09.021
Yang LI, Fengliang ZHAO, Guangxu ZHANG, Yuxuan YAN, Ganghua ZOU, Lihua LIU. Using Zeolite-Based Slow-Release Fertilizer to Reduce Soil Nutrient Leaching[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2025 , 46 (9) : 2239 -2249 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.09.021
化学肥料在农业生产中发挥着重要作用,能够增加土壤营养元素并提高农作物产量[1]。然而,当前使用的化学肥料(如尿素)面临溶解速度过快等问题,这不仅降低了肥料利用率,还引发一系列环境问题[2],如土壤酸化、地下水污染、温室气体排放增加等[3]。沸石是一种具有多孔结构的碱金属及碱土金属铝硅酸盐矿物,其晶体由硅氧四面体(SiO4)和铝氧四面体(AlO4)通过共享氧原子形成三维网格结构[4]。这种特殊构造赋予其优异的阳离子吸附与置换特性,在农业应用中可显著提升化肥利用率、改善土壤理化性质、增强保水能力,并对重金属污染土壤具有修复功能[5]。在缓释肥料领域,沸石主要通过2种方式发挥作用:一方面通,过阳离子交换吸附机制负载铵根()和钾离子(K+)形成缓释型氮肥、钾肥或复合肥;另一方面,通过与常规化肥配合施用,形成协同增效的养分供给体系。单一使用沸石缓释肥通常难以满足作物全生育期营养需求,而将其与传统化肥复配使用可显著拓宽应用场景[6]。基于上述特性,以沸石为载体的新型缓释肥料在精准农业和绿色种植领域展现出重要开发潜力。
沸石基缓释肥料是以沸石为载体,利用沸石良好的吸附和离子交换性能,控制肥料中养分缓慢释放的一种新型肥料[7]。WERNECK等[8]使用天然沸石作为尿素颗粒表面的涂层材料或作为颗粒配方的添加剂,发现在沙质土壤上种植高粱,铵态氮()的挥发减少20%,植物对氮(N)的吸收量增加。天然沸石的颗粒尺寸与其对土壤中的吸附-解吸动态过程存在显著关联。王甲辰等[9]通过玉米栽培试验发现,在沙质土壤中施加颗粒状沸石可有效提升玉米生物量积累,增强氮钾养分吸收效率,同时降低营养元素淋溶造成的环境风险。PERRIN等[10]通过土壤淋溶模拟试验证实,随着沸石颗粒粒径的增大,氮素通过土壤剖面的迁移流失呈现递减趋势。但MALEKIAN等[11]在沙土渗滤试验中观察到相反现象:相较于纳米级沸石材料,毫米级斜发沸石处理组渗出液中浓度呈现微幅上升趋势,这一现象可能与不同粒径沸石的孔隙分布特征及离子扩散路径差异有关。MIHOK等[12]的研究指出,与传统的控释和缓释肥料相比,沸石基肥料可以促进养分缓慢释放。此外,研究还发现,施用粒径50 µm的沸石作为缓释肥料,比粒径200 µm的沸石更能减缓养分的释放。沸石与化学肥料的配比优化是调控肥料效能的关键。CATLI等[13]采用斜发沸石为载体,通过批量浸渍工艺开发复合缓释肥体系,经系统优化后确定最优配方参数为:斜发沸石、尿素、钙羟磷灰石与氯化钾的质量比为50∶24∶14.6∶11.39,对应工艺参数包括搅拌158.57 min与超声处理30 min。研究同时开展经济性分析,指出缓释肥料虽具有较高的单位成本,但其通过延长土壤养分有效周期实现的生态效益,可平衡初期投入的经济差异。
近年来,虽然沸石基缓释肥料的研究取得一定进展,但不同类型沸石基缓释肥养分释放规律的研究还有待深入。本研究拟制备简易沸石、纳米沸石基缓释肥料,通过土柱淋溶试验,探究不同类型沸石基缓释肥养分释放特征及其对土壤养分淋失的影响,以期为沸石基缓释肥应用与推广提供科学依据。
供试土壤为沙土,其中黏粒(粒径<0.002 mm)2.3%,粉粒(粒径为0.02~0.002 mm)13.6%,砂粒(粒径为0.02~2 mm)84.1%,取自海南省文昌市罗豆农场(19°37ʹN,110°45ʹE)。土壤pH 5.57,铵态氮含量为8.99 mg/kg,硝态氮含量为13.16 mg/kg,可溶性总氮含量为23.01 mg/kg,全氮含量为0.98 g/kg,全磷含量为0.33 g/kg,全钾含量为0.80 g/kg,有机质含量为10.93 g/kg。沸石(Z)平均粒径为80 μm,Ca2+含量为42.3 mg/g,Mg2+含量为22.7 mg/g,阳离子交换容量(CEC)为135 cmol/kg;纳米沸石(nZ)平均粒径为95 nm,CEC为148 cmol/kg,Ca2+含量为38.5 mg/g,Mg2+含量为20.2 mg/g;购自山东和发环保科技有限公司。
参照AHMAD等[14]的方法,将尿素在115~125 ℃的热板上加热,加入少量去离子水,直到肥料完全液化。然后,将沸石、纳米沸石按照不同比例加入到液化的混合物中,充分混合。直到液化的物质被沸石完全吸附,从混合物表面液体消失。然后,降低温度使混合物凝固,制得沸石基缓释肥料与纳米沸石基缓释肥料(表1)。
试验于温室内进行,设置7个试验处理,分别为:普通尿素(CK)、自制缓释肥ZU1(25%沸石+75%尿素)、ZU2(35%沸石+65%尿素)、ZU3(50%沸石+50%尿素)、nZU1(25%纳米沸石+75%尿素)、nZU2(35%纳米沸石+65%尿素)、nZU3(50%纳米沸石+50%尿素)。采用自制的土柱,选用规格完全相同的聚氯乙烯塑料管(内径5 cm,高40 cm)用孔径为0.075 mm的滤网封闭底部出口,然后将200 g土壤(风干过2 mm筛)装入PVC塑料管中,再在其上按同样紧实度装入混有肥料的土壤100 g(N 1000 mg/kg),土柱上面再以少量砂子覆盖以防加水时扰乱土层,每个处理重复3次。
根据土壤的饱和水含量,第1次先加入100 mL去离子水使土壤水分接近饱和,培养1 d;再向土柱中缓慢多次加入50 mL去离子水,收集淋溶液,淋溶结束后以刺有小孔的保鲜薄膜封闭塑料管上口,室温下继续培养,用50 mL去离子水进行第2次淋溶;继续培养土柱直到下一次取样时间,然后添加50 mL去离子水,继续收集淋溶液,直到完成7次淋溶。在本试验中分别于2、4、6、8、15、22、29 d收集淋溶液[15]。每次收集到的淋溶液,记录体积并分析淋溶液pH、铵态氮、硝态氮、总氮和总磷含量。
淋溶结束后,将土柱内的土壤取出,自然风干并过2 mm筛然后装袋密封。测定土壤pH、铵态氮、硝态氮、可溶性总氮、全氮和全磷含量。
参考《水和废水监测分析方法》(第四版)[16]方法,采用靛酚蓝显色法和双波长紫外光谱法分别测定土壤渗滤液中铵态氮()与硝态氮();采用碱性过硫酸钾消解-紫外分光光度法(GB 11894—89)测定总氮(TN);采用钼锑抗显色法(GB 11893—89)测定总磷(TP)。参照《土壤农化分析》标准方法体系[17]测定土壤基础理化指标(pH、有机质等)。
氮吸附率计算公式:
式中,理论氮含量=尿素纯氮含量×尿素在缓释肥中的质量占比,实际氮含量通过GB/T 22923—2008进行测定。
利用IBM SPSS Statistics 25软件进行显著性分析,采用单因素方差分析(ANOVA)进行差异显著性检验,LSD法进行多重比较。利用Origin 2022软件分析数据并作图,最终结果以平均值±标准差的形式表示。
沸石、纳米沸石基缓释肥制备比例与氮吸附率如表1所示,6种肥料处理对于尿素吸附率均能达到80%以上,其中沸石基缓释肥料以ZU3吸附能力较高,纳米沸石基缓释肥料以nZU3吸附能力较高,吸附率分别达86.2%和84.6%。并且氮吸附率随着沸石、纳米沸石比例的增加,其缓释肥对尿素的吸附量随之增加。
不同处理淋溶液的pH动态变化如图1所示,各处理的pH变化范围均在4.02~5.02之间,变化趋势基本保持一致。淋溶第2天各处理的pH无明显差异,第4天pH迅速升高后下降,6~8 d后又迅速上升,淋溶中期逐渐趋于稳定直至淋溶结束。最后,ZU1、ZU2、ZU3、nZU1、nZU2、nZU3处理的pH显著高于CK处理(P<0.05),且相同配比下纳米沸石基缓释肥的pH高于沸石基缓释肥。
不同处理淋溶液的浓度变化如图2所示,CK处理的起始释放浓度显著高于其他处理,并在第4天迅速达到峰值,最高值可达48.67 mg/kg。而施用沸石、纳米沸石基缓释肥料的6个处理大多在约第8天达到释放最大量,且峰值显著低于CK,相同配比下,沸石基缓释肥处理的峰值浓度更低。淋溶后期(15~29 d)各处理均呈下降趋势,沸石、纳米沸石基缓释肥处理释放量显著高于CK。
试验期间尿施素处理的累积淋失量显著高于沸石、纳米沸石基缓释肥处理(图3)。其中ZU2、ZU3、nZU2、nZU3四个缓释肥处理的淋溶量更低,相比CK处理,淋失分别减少7.05%、7.20%、6.93%、7.19%,4个缓释肥处理之间差异不显著。这表明沸石、纳米沸石基缓释肥可以在一定程度上延长在土壤中的释放速率,并降低的淋失。
图4可知,CK与沸石、纳米沸石基缓释肥处理淋溶液的动态变化曲线相似,淋溶前期迅速升高,第6天达到最大值,之后迅速下降后逐渐趋于平稳,说明肥料中均在此时间段内被释放。尿素肥料释放的峰值更高,且淋溶中后期(8~29 d)趋于平稳后,释放量显著低于沸石、纳米沸石基缓释肥处理。
试验期间累积淋溶量如图5所示,沸石、纳米沸石基缓释肥处理的累积淋溶量显著低于CK处理,减少4.81%~6.91%。说明沸石、纳米沸石基缓释肥施入土壤中可以一定程度上减少淋失。
淋溶液的总氮浓度变化曲线与变化曲线相似,各处理淋溶液的总氮浓度均呈先上升后降低的趋势,其中CK处理淋溶液的总氮浓度在第6天达到最大值(197.17 mg),沸石、纳米沸石基缓释肥处理则在淋溶第8天达到峰值,峰值浓度显著低于CK处理,在淋溶后期(15~29 d)总氮浓度显著高于尿素处理(P<0.05)。
施用沸石、纳米沸石基缓释肥6个处理的总氮累积淋溶量显著低于CK处理(P<0.05),其中ZU3、nZU3处理的总氮累积淋溶量较低,比CK分别减少14.51%、12.84%(图6图7)。由此可见,与CK相比,施用沸石、纳米沸石沸石基缓释肥可以在一定程度上减缓总氮在土壤中的释放。
图8为淋溶液的总磷浓度动态变化,各处理的总磷浓度呈先升高后降低趋势,均在第4天达到峰值,ZU1、ZU2、nZU1、nZU2四个缓释肥处理的总磷浓度释放曲线与CK相似,大部分磷元素在前期快速释放。ZU3、nZU3处理的峰值浓度显著低于其他各处理,且从总磷浓度曲线来看,释放更为平缓,在淋溶后期依旧保持较高的释放量。
不同施肥处理的总磷累积淋溶量如图9所示,ZU3处理的总磷累积淋溶量显著低于其他处理,减少总磷淋失效果更佳,比CK总磷淋溶量减少9.72%。nZU3次之,比CK总磷淋溶量减少6.33%。由此可见,50%配比(ZU3、nZU3处理)可以有效减少总磷累积淋溶量,且沸石基缓释肥效果优于纳米沸石基缓释肥。
表2可知,淋溶结束各处理的土壤pH均比CK有一定程度升高,提升幅度与沸石、纳米沸石添加量呈正相关,ZU3、nZU3处理显著高于其他处理。沸石、纳米沸石基缓释肥处理土壤铵态氮含量均显著高于CK处理,增加43.51%~306.07%,表明有更多的氮素被土壤固持。缓释肥中,沸石、纳米沸石占比为50%时(ZU3、nZU3处理)效果更为明显。相同配比条件下,沸石基缓释肥处理土壤铵态氮含量更高,铵态氮含量大小顺序为:ZU3>nZU3,ZU2>nZU2,ZU1>nZU1。可溶性总氮含量变化与铵态氮一致,同样以ZU3和nZU3处理含量更高,比CK分别增加135.72%和113.70%,各处理间差异显著。
沸石、纳米沸石基缓释肥土壤的全氮含量均有不同程度增加,ZU3、nZU3处理土壤全氮含量显著高于CK处理(P<0.05),分别提高14.88%和19.83%。沸石、纳米沸石基缓释肥对土壤硝态氮含量与全磷含量无显著影响。综合土壤养分含量来看,缓释肥中沸石、纳米沸石占比为50%时(ZU3、nZU3处理)依然表现出优于其他配比肥料的特性。
土壤pH对土壤养分的形态和转化均有重要的影响[18]。测定淋溶液的pH变化,可以更清楚地阐明沸石、纳米沸石基缓释肥施入土壤中氮素转化的过程。通常情况,尿素施入土壤后在脲酶的催化作用下水解为铵态氮,造成土壤pH的短暂上升[19]。而随着土壤中铵态氮的逐渐积累,进一步促进硝化反应的进行[20],并释放出大量的H+,造成土壤的pH下降。本研究中,土壤淋溶液的pH变化主要源于肥料中尿素的水解。尿素水解后产生的可溶性铵使土壤淋溶液pH在第4天迅速升高。之后,铵态氮在土壤中通过硝化细菌的作用转化为硝态氮,伴随释放H+,使得硝态氮的含量逐渐增加。导致淋溶液pH在第6天时出现下降。淋溶后第6~8天土壤中的大部分硝态氮被淋洗出去,淋溶液的pH最终趋于稳定。最后,沸石、纳米沸石基缓释肥各处理的土壤pH均出现上升,可能是由于沸石内含有大量的碱性金属和碱性金属离子,如钠、钾、钙和镁。当沸石被添加到土壤中时,这些金属离子可以与土壤中的氢离子(H+)交换,从而减少土壤中的酸性,进而提高土壤pH。尽管差异不显著,但是相同配比下纳米沸石基缓释肥处理的淋溶液与土壤的pH均高于沸石基缓释肥处理,这种差异可能与纳米沸石的超微尺度效应有关:纳米沸石相较于常规沸石的比表面积和阳离子交换容量更高,其表面暴露的Si-O-Al骨架和Ca2+/Mg2+活性位点更密集,在淋溶过程中释放的碱性金属离子的H+中和能力更强;纳米颗粒的分散性优势可能增强了其在土壤中的界面反应效率,通过离子交换和表面羟基化作用更有效地调控土壤微域pH环境。
通过淋溶试验发现,尿素施入土壤中,其氮素大部分在第4~6天被淋失,而以沸石、纳米沸石为缓释材料的试验处理的氮素释放在前期的释放速率更低,同时,沸石、纳米沸石基缓释肥比尿素处理肥效性延长,峰值为第6~8天,且淋溶后期养分释放更为平缓。这可能是因为沸石、纳米沸石材料与尿素混合后,由于其强吸附性使得被吸附的尿素不能很快从沸石的晶格间替换出来,使得土样中速效氮的释放呈前期慢后期高[21]
本研究施用沸石、纳米沸石基缓释肥处理的铵态氮累积淋溶量显著低于尿素处理(P<0.05),沸石改良土壤氮素持留的机理主要体现在2个方面:(1)通过沸石硅铝骨架的负电表面与的静电引力作用,形成稳定的离子-矿物复合体,其高选择吸附特性及大比表面积优势显著提升土壤对铵态氮的固持容量[22-23];(2)沸石对的物理包裹效应可调控硝化微生物的底物接触效率,通过延缓的生化转化链式反应,有效抑制高迁移性硝酸根的生成与淋失[24]。这种双重调控机制使沸石在土壤氮素管理中展现出“固铵抑硝”的协同效应。相较于,沸石、纳米沸石基缓释肥对释放影响并不突出,可能是由于沸石骨架因其带有负电荷对没有吸附力,对土壤颗粒的表面亲和力不大,不容易被吸附在土壤中,同时因反硝化产生N2O,造成大量的N损失[25]。沸石、纳米沸石基缓释肥同时减少了全磷析出量,主要得益于沸石的多孔结构和较大的比表面积,使得其能够吸附土壤中的磷。通过吸附将可溶性磷固定在土壤中,从而减少磷的移动性和淋失[26]
本研究中,50%沸石配比(ZU3处理)与50%纳米沸石配比(nZU3处理)的总氮累积淋溶量均显著低于25%(ZU1、nZU1处理)和35%(ZU2、nZU2处理)配比处理,其总氮累积淋溶量表现为:ZU1>ZU2>ZU3;nZU1>nZU2>nZU3。这与AHMAD等[14]的研究结果相似,沸石肥料配方有效地减少了N损失。沸石配比为50%时,可分别减少淋溶土和淋淀土中损失的13%和28%。说明缓释肥中,沸石、纳米沸石质量占比的增加更有利于土壤对铵态氮和总氮的吸附,从而降低氮淋失,对肥料养分缓慢释放有促进作用。而相同配比下,沸石基缓释肥料固持养分能力优于纳米沸石基缓释肥,这与2种材料的孔径分布差异有关:沸石具有规则的微孔结构,其孔径与离子直径更匹配,通过分子筛效应实现对的特异性截留;而纳米沸石虽然通过减小颗粒尺寸增加了外表面积,但其内部微孔可能因结构简化或分层导致吸附点位减少,降低了选择性吸附效率。此外,常规沸石的Ca2+含量(42.3 mg/g)显著高于纳米沸石(38.5 mg/g),其通过竞争吸附形成的双电层更稳定,进一步增强了的固持能力。表明沸石材料在铵态氮控释方面更具优势。
试验结束沸石、纳米沸石基缓释肥处理显著增加土壤铵态氮与可溶性总氮含量,对硝态氮含量无显著影响。该现象可能与沸石的以下特性有关:一是沸石对具有高选择性的吸附能力,其阳离子交换容量达105.7~137.1 cmol/kg,远高于一般土壤,能够有效吸附和保持[27];二是沸石的吸附作用使与硝化细菌隔离,减缓了硝化作用的进行速度,减少了的转化;三是沸石缓慢释放的特性使的供应更加持续稳定,避免了浓度的突增突降,减少了硝化作用的强度[28]。而且在施用尿素后,部分氮会以氨气的形式挥发到空气中,沸石、纳米沸石能够吸附这些氨气,减少氮的损失,从而最终增加土壤中可利用的氮含量。此外,沸石、纳米沸石基缓释肥处理还略微提高土壤中的全磷含量。这可能与以下因素有关:一是沸石释放的钙、镁等离子可以与磷酸根结合,形成缓释性磷酸盐,减少磷的固定和流失[30];二是沸石表面的硅铝氧络合物可以与土壤中的铁、铝离子结合,减少其与磷酸根的结合,降低磷的固定率。
TSADILAS等[31]通过土壤氮素循环模型证实,沸石改良剂能优化土壤氮素有效性阈值,提升氮肥农学效率达18.7%;白玉超等[32]开发的沸石基包膜尿素通过物理屏障效应抑制氮素垂直迁移,增强土壤氮库缓冲容量,使肥效持续时间延长25~30 d。DUBEY等[33]创新性地采用多糖-矿物复合粘结体系开发沸石尿素缓释颗粒,其中丙烯酸基粘结剂颗粒的机械稳定性更优(抗压强度≥5.8 MPa)。土壤渗滤系统模拟显示,该缓释体系氮素累积流失量较常规尿素降低65个百分点,验证了沸石-尿素协同控释体系在精准施肥中的应用价值。本研究结果与前人的研究结果相符。综上分析,土壤中添加沸石后,可以有效保留土壤中的氮素,减少N流失,从而提高氮肥的利用效率并减少环境污染。沸石、纳米沸石基缓释肥具有更好的固氮能力,较施用尿素的土壤铵态氮和全氮含量显著提高,提高了肥料利用效率。
本研究同时考察沸石、纳米沸石基缓释肥的效果,结果表明,二者在减少养分淋失、增加土壤养分含量等方面均效果显著,但存在一定差异。在相同配比条件下,沸石基缓释肥对养分的保持能力更佳,淋溶液的铵态氮、总氮与总磷累积淋溶量均低于纳米沸石基缓释肥,而土壤中的铵态氮与全氮含量则高于纳米沸石基缓释肥。这些差异可能与沸石、纳米沸石的物理化学特性有关。纳米沸石由于粒径更小,比表面积更大和交换位点更多[34-35],理论上吸附和交换能力应更强。而从本研究结果看,纳米沸石基缓释肥并未展现出其优势,这可能是因为纳米沸石通常需要经过粉碎、酸碱处理等过程,这些过程可能改变了沸石的孔隙结构等表面特性,影响其在土壤中的物理化学性质和生物学效应,影响了对尿素的吸附和缓释效果[36]
本研究利用沸石、纳米沸石作为尿素载体制成缓释肥施入土壤中后,氮、磷养分释放速率明显比普通尿素慢,其中ZU3(50%沸石+50%尿素)与nZU3(50%纳米沸石+50%尿素)缓释效果最佳。与CK相比,ZU3处理土壤淋溶液铵态氮、硝态氮、总氮、总磷淋溶量分别减少7.19%、6.54%、14.51%和9.72%,nZU3处理分别减少7.20%、6.91%、12.84%和6.36%。沸石、纳米沸石基缓释肥均增加了土壤中氮素含量,ZU3和nZU3土壤全氮含量分别比CK提升14.88%和9.83%。因此,选择适宜比例的沸石、纳米沸石与尿素配比可以有效延长氮、磷养分释放速率,降低养分淋溶风险。
  • 海南省科技项目(ZDYF2022XDNY211)
  • 海南省自然科学基金项目(321RC625)
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2025年第46卷第9期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.09.021
  • 接收时间:2025-04-07
  • 首发时间:2026-03-07
  • 出版时间:2025-09-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-04-07
  • 录用日期:2025-05-14
基金
海南省科技项目(ZDYF2022XDNY211)
海南省自然科学基金项目(321RC625)
作者信息
    1.黑龙江八一农垦大学农学院,黑龙江大庆 163319
    2.中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所/农业农村部热区高效农业绿色低碳重点实验室,海南海口 571101

通讯作者:

* 赵凤亮(ZHAO Fengliang),E-mail:
刘丽华(LIU Lihua),E-mail:
参考文献
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rdzwxb/CN/10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.09.021
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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