热带作物学报

不同肥水用量下金菠萝的养分吸收特征及产量品质效应

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刘亚男 ¹ , 安东升 ¹ , 严程明 ¹ , 何东宁 ² , 徐明岗 ¹^,³^,^*

热带作物学报 | 作物栽培与生理生化 2023,44(8): 1635-1643

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热带作物学报 | 作物栽培与生理生化 2023, 44(8): 1635-1643

不同肥水用量下金菠萝的养分吸收特征及产量品质效应

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刘亚男¹, 安东升¹, 严程明¹, 何东宁², 徐明岗¹^,³^,^*

作者信息

^1.中国热带农业科学院南亚热带作物研究所/海南省热带作物营养重点实验室，广东湛江　524091

^2.岭南师范学院，广东湛江　524048

^3.山西农业大学，山西太原　030031

刘亚男（1987—），女，硕士，助理研究员，研究方向：养分资源综合管理。

通讯作者:

^* 徐明岗（XU Minggang），E-mail: xuminggang@caas.cn。

Effects of Different Fertilization and Irrigation Rates on Plant Growth, Nutrient Uptake, Yield and Fruit Quality of MD-2 Pineapple

Yanan LIU¹, Dongsheng AN¹, Chengming YAN¹, Dongning HE², Minggang XU¹^,³^,^*

Affiliations

^1.South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Tropical Crops Nutrition of Hainan Province, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524091, China

^2.Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524048, China

^3.Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030031, China

出版时间: 2023-08-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2023.08.013

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摘要

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为了应对菠萝主产区季节性干旱严重，限制产业发展问题，明确适宜高产优质菠萝品种生长、增产增效的肥水用量，本研究以金菠萝MD-2为试验材料，采用田间小区试验，设置以下8个处理：（1）CK（不施肥不灌水）；（2）F₁W₀（常规施肥不灌水）；（3）F₁W₁（滴灌施肥，50%~60%田间持水量）；（4）F₂W₁（滴灌施肥量减少25%，50%~60%田间持水量）；（5）F₃W₁（滴灌施肥量减少50%，50%~60%田间持水量）；（6）F₁W₂（滴灌施肥，30%~40%田间持水量）；（7）F₂W₂（滴灌施肥量减少25%，30%~40%田间持水量）；（8）F₃W₂（滴灌施肥量减少50%，30%~40%田间持水量），每个处理3次重复。比较不同肥水用量对金菠萝生长、养分吸收特征及产量品质的影响。结果表明：高肥高水处理的金菠萝总叶片数，根、茎、叶、果柄、果实和植株干物质累积量，以及植株氮、磷、钾累积量，均显著高于对照。与常规施肥相比，高肥高水处理显著提高了金菠萝株高、茎高、茎粗、D叶长、D叶宽和果柄粗度，茎、叶、果柄、果实和植株干物质累积量，以及植株氮、钾累积量。高肥高水处理的金菠萝果实横径、纵径、单果重和产量显著高于对照和常规施肥处理，果实产量比对照高117.46%，比常规施肥处理高99.40%，而常规施肥处理与对照的产量差异不显著。各滴灌施肥处理的肥料贡献率和农学效率显著高于常规施肥处理。常规施肥处理的金菠萝果实维生素C和可滴定酸含量最高，但该处理糖酸比最低，品质不佳。同一灌溉水平下，不同施肥量处理的金菠萝长势、干物质累积和果实品质差异不显著。高肥高水处理产量最高，与低肥高水处理差异不显著，与其他处理差异显著。低肥高水处理的灌溉水生产力与各低灌水量处理相当。同一施肥水平下，高灌水量处理的果实可溶性糖含量和糖酸比显著高于低灌水量处理。综合考虑金菠萝生长态势、产量品质以及灌溉水生产力和肥料贡献率等，低肥高水处理为最优的灌溉施肥组合，有利于实现金菠萝高产优质高效生产。

关键词

金菠萝 / 肥水用量 / 养分吸收 / 产量 / 品质

Abstract

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A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different fertilization and irrigation rates on plant growth, nutrient uptake, yield and fruit quality of MD-2 pineapple. The goal was to deal with the seasonal drought in the main producing areas of pineapple, and determine the appropriate rates of fertilization and irrigation for high-yield and high-quality pineapple variety growth, which can increase the yield and efficiency. MD-2 pineapple was subjected to a field plot experiment with eight treatments: (1) CK (no fertilization and no irrigation), (2) F₁W₀ (no irrigation with conventional fertilization), (3) F₁W₁ (fertigation with 50%-60% of field capacity), (4) F₂W₁ (25% reduction in fertilizer application with 50%-60% of field capacity), (5) F₃W₁ (50% reduction in fertilizer application with 50%-60% of field capacity), (6) F₁W₂ (fertigation with 30%-40% of field capacity), (7) F₂W₂ (the amount of fertilizer was reduced by 25%, 30%-40% of field capacity), and (8) F₃W₂ (the amount of fertilizer was reduced by 50%, 30%-40% of field capacity). The results showed that the total number of leaves, root, stem, leaf, stalk, fruit and plant dry biomass accumulations, and plant N, P, K accumulations of MD-2 pineapple of F₁W₁ treatment were significantly higher than those of CK. Compared with F₁W₀, F₁W₁ treatment significantly increased the plant height, stem height, stem diameter, D leaf length, D leaf width, peduncle diameter, and stem, leaf, peduncle, fruit and plant dry biomass accumulations, and N and K accumulations of plant. The transverse diameter, vertical diameter, fruit weight and fruit yield of MD-2 pineapple of F₁W₁ treatment were significantly higher than those of CK and F₁W₀. And the fruit yield of F₁W₁ was 117.46% higher than CK and 99.40% higher than F₁W₀, while there was no difference between F₁W₀ and CK. The fertilizer contribution rate and agricultural efficiency of each fertigation treatment were significantly higher than those of F₁W₀. The contents of vitamin C and titratable acid of F₁W₀ were the highest, but the sugar-acid ratio was the lowest. Under the same irrigation level, there were no significant differences in growth, dry biomass accumulation and fruit quality of MD-2 pineapple among different fertilization levels. The yield of F₁W₁ treatment was the highest, which had no significant difference with that of F₃W₁ treatment. The irrigation water productivity of F₃W₁ treatment was equivalent to that of all treatments with low irrigation level. Under the same fertilization level, the soluble sugar content and sugar-acid ratio of treatments with high irrigation rate were significantly higher than those of treatments with low irrigation rate. Considering the growth situation, yield and quality of MD-2 pineapple, irrigation water productivity and fertilizer contribution rate, F₃W₁ treatment was the optimal combination of fertilization and irrigation, which was beneficial to realize high yield, quality and efficiency of MD-2 pineapple.

Key words

MD-2 pineapple / fertilization and irrigation rates / nutrient uptake / yield / quality

引用本文

刘亚男, 安东升, 严程明, 何东宁, 徐明岗. 不同肥水用量下金菠萝的养分吸收特征及产量品质效应. 热带作物学报, 2023 , 44 (8) : 1635 -1643 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2023.08.013

Yanan LIU, Dongsheng AN, Chengming YAN, Dongning HE, Minggang XU. Effects of Different Fertilization and Irrigation Rates on Plant Growth, Nutrient Uptake, Yield and Fruit Quality of MD-2 Pineapple[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2023 , 44 (8) : 1635 -1643 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2023.08.013

基金

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国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFD1000600)
中国热带农业科学院基本科研业务费专项(1630062017024)
岭南师范学院校级科研项目(ZL2019)

参考文献

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2023年第44卷第8期

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文章信息

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2023.08.013

接收时间：2022-08-01
首发时间：2026-03-05
出版时间：2023-08-25

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收稿日期：2022-08-01
修回日期：2022-09-30

基金

国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFD1000600)

中国热带农业科学院基本科研业务费专项(1630062017024)

岭南师范学院校级科研项目(ZL2019)

作者信息

^1.中国热带农业科学院南亚热带作物研究所/海南省热带作物营养重点实验室，广东湛江　524091

^2.岭南师范学院，广东湛江　524048

^3.山西农业大学，山西太原　030031

通讯作者:

^* 徐明岗（XU Minggang），E-mail: xuminggang@caas.cn。

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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rdzwxb/CN/10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2023.08.013

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

科 Family	属数 Number of genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)	属 Genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae	2	11	5.26	鹅膏菌属 Amanita	10	4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae	2	12	5.74	丝盖伞属 Inocybe	5	2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae	8	14	6.70	蜡蘑属 Laccaria	5	2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae	3	23	11.00	小皮伞属 Marasmius	6	2.87
				小菇属 Mycena	11	5.26
				光柄菇属 Pluteus	5	2.39
				红菇属 Russula	17	8.13
				栓菌属 Trametes	5	2.39

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