热带作物学报

机收压实对宿根蔗产量及根系生长和内源激素含量的影响

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刘晓燕 ^* , 梁强 ^* , 李毅杰 , 庞天 , 宋修鹏 , 李杨瑞 , 王维赞 ^**

热带作物学报 | 作物栽培与生理生化 2023,44(10): 2025-2033

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热带作物学报 | 作物栽培与生理生化 2023, 44(10): 2025-2033

机收压实对宿根蔗产量及根系生长和内源激素含量的影响

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刘晓燕^*, 梁强^*, 李毅杰, 庞天, 宋修鹏, 李杨瑞, 王维赞^**

作者信息

广西农业科学院甘蔗研究所/农业农村部广西甘蔗生物技术与遗传改良重点实验室/广西甘蔗遗传改良重点实验室，广西南宁　530007

*刘晓燕（1982—），女，硕士，助理研究员，研究方向：甘蔗栽培；

梁强（1981—），男，硕士，副研究员，研究方向：甘蔗栽培。

通讯作者:

^** 王维赞（WANG Weizan），E-mail: wwz003411@126.com。

Effect of Machincal Harvesting on Soil Compaction, Crop Root Growth, Hormone Content and Yield of Sugarcane

Xiaoyan LIU, Qiang LIANG, Yijie LI, Tian PANG, Xiupeng SONG, Yangrui LI, Weizan WANG^**

Affiliations

Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Nanning, Guangxi 530007, China

出版时间: 2023-10-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2023.10.013

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摘要

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为探明甘蔗机械收获后的土壤压实效应对宿根蔗生长的影响以及根系中内源激素的动态变化规律，以广西蔗区糖料蔗主栽品种桂糖42号作为研究对象，设计了机收时运输车碾压植蔗行和碾压行间2种处理方式，以人工砍收作为对照。结果表明：在宿根蔗苗期阶段，碾压处理后植蔗行和行间土表以下0~50 cm的土壤紧实度均大幅升高，其中0~10 cm区域增幅最大，随着土层加深，土壤紧实度增幅逐渐减小；至伸长期后，植蔗行中土壤0~30 cm纵向区域的紧实度与对照无显著差异，但30~50 cm及行间0~50 cm纵向区域的紧实度仍显著高于对照。在农艺及产量性状方面，碾压植蔗行使宿根蔗发株率显著减少42.0%，12月株高降低19.4%，有效茎数减少26.1%，蔗茎产量减产36.9%，而11月、12月和1月蔗糖分含量分别比对照提高1.40、0.75和0.58个百分点，碾压行间处理的株高、茎径、有效茎数和产量与对照相比均无显著差异。在根系形态及内源激素水平上，机收碾压植蔗行处理的根系干重和根长分别减少9.12%和10.72%，根总表面积和总体积也显著下降，而机收碾压行间的根系形态指标与对照相比无显著差异。压实处理后甘蔗根系中的IAA、GA₃、ZR含量均不同程度降低，IAA/ABA、GA₃/ABA、ZR/ABA也有同样表现，而ABA含量则显著升高；根系的内源激素含量、比值、根系形态及蔗茎产量之间存在一定相关性，IAA、GA₃、IAA/ABA、GA₃/ABA与根系干重、根长、株高、有效茎数呈正相关，ZR和ABA则呈负相关。综上，机收碾压可使蔗田土壤紧实度显著增加，使根系内源激素水平发生改变，进而影响甘蔗根系生长和产量，不同处理的减产效应差异显著，即压实植蔗行与压实行间相比，后者可显著降低压实对宿根蔗生长的影响。

关键词

宿根蔗 / 机械压实 / 产量 / 根系 / 内源激素

Abstract

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The effects of soil compaction caused by the mechanical harvesting of sugarcane variety Guitang 42 on growth and the content of endogenous hormones of roots were studied. The results showed that at the seedling stage, the compaction of 0-50 cm soil layer in the planting row and in the inter-row space increased greatly in mechanically harvested plots compared to the manual harvesting (control), with the highest compaction occurring in the top 0-10 cm layer. There was no significant difference in the compactness of 0-30 cm soil layer in the planting row between mechanically and manually harvested plots, but the compactness of 30-50 cm layer in the inter-row space was significantly higher in the mechanically harvested plots than that in the control. Mechanical harvesting significantly reduced the plant growth rate, plant height, millable stalk number and cane yield by 42.0%, 19.4%, 26.1% and 36.9%, respectively, compared to the control. However, sucrose content in the mechanised crop increased by 1.40, 0.75 and 0.58 % compared with the control. There was no significant difference in plant height, stem diameter, millable stalk number and yield between RCC and control Rootmorphology, root dry weight and root length decreased by 9.12% and 10.72%, respectively, and total root surface area and total root volume significantly decreased, while there was no significant difference between mechanized compaction and control. The endogenous content of hormone IAA, GA₃ and ZR and the levels in relation to that of ABA (IAA/ABA, GA₃/ABA and ZR/ABA) in sugarcane roots grown in compacted soil decreased to varying degrees, compared to that of the control. The root ABA content significantly increased in compacted soil IAA, GA₃, IAA/ABA and GA₃/ABA were positively correlated with root dry weight, root length, plant height and millable stalk number, while ZR and ABA were negatively correlated. In conclusion, mechanical compaction significantly increased soil compactness of sugarcane field, and greatly decreased the growth and yield composition of sugarcane root system.

Key words

ratoon sugarcane / mechanical compaction / yield / roots / endogenous hormone

引用本文

刘晓燕, 梁强, 李毅杰, 庞天, 宋修鹏, 李杨瑞, 王维赞. 机收压实对宿根蔗产量及根系生长和内源激素含量的影响. 热带作物学报, 2023 , 44 (10) : 2025 -2033 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2023.10.013

Xiaoyan LIU, Qiang LIANG, Yijie LI, Tian PANG, Xiupeng SONG, Yangrui LI, Weizan WANG. Effect of Machincal Harvesting on Soil Compaction, Crop Root Growth, Hormone Content and Yield of Sugarcane[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2023 , 44 (10) : 2025 -2033 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2023.10.013

基金

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国家自然科学基金项目(32201910)
广西农业科学院基本科研业务专项(桂农科 2021YT002)
来宾市科学研究与技术开发项目(来科转 211824)

参考文献

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2023年第44卷第10期

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文章信息

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2023.10.013

接收时间：2022-08-02
首发时间：2026-03-05
出版时间：2023-10-25

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出版历史

收稿日期：2022-08-02
修回日期：2022-10-11

基金

国家自然科学基金项目(32201910)

广西农业科学院基本科研业务专项(桂农科 2021YT002)

来宾市科学研究与技术开发项目(来科转 211824)

作者信息

广西农业科学院甘蔗研究所/农业农村部广西甘蔗生物技术与遗传改良重点实验室/广西甘蔗遗传改良重点实验室，广西南宁　530007

通讯作者:

^** 王维赞（WANG Weizan），E-mail: wwz003411@126.com。

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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rdzwxb/CN/10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2023.10.013

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

科 Family	属数 Number of genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)	属 Genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae	2	11	5.26	鹅膏菌属 Amanita	10	4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae	2	12	5.74	丝盖伞属 Inocybe	5	2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae	8	14	6.70	蜡蘑属 Laccaria	5	2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae	3	23	11.00	小皮伞属 Marasmius	6	2.87
				小菇属 Mycena	11	5.26
				光柄菇属 Pluteus	5	2.39
				红菇属 Russula	17	8.13
				栓菌属 Trametes	5	2.39

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