Article(id=1276618342538547445, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276618341674520821, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.12.024, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1754236800000, receivedDateStr=2025-08-04, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1758729600000, acceptedDateStr=2025-09-25, onlineDate=1782299131282, onlineDateStr=2026-06-24, pubDate=1766592000000, pubDateStr=2025-12-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1782299131282, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1782299131282, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1782299131282, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1276618341674520821, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, year='2025', volume='46', issue='12', pageStart='2817', pageEnd='3084', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1766592000000', pubDateStr='2025-12-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1782299131077, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782299208862, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1276618668385637092, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276618341674520821, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1276618668385637093, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276618341674520821, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=3073, endPage=3084, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1276618342970560761, articleId=1276618342538547445, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=EN, title=Impact of Different Land Use Patterns on the Stability of Tropical Soil Aggregates, columnId=1237814980427444960, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, columnName=Post-harvest Treatment & Agricultural Ecology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

This study was aimed to explore the impact mechanism of long-term different land use patterns on the physical and chemical properties and aggregate stability of tropical soils, thereby providing a scientific foundation for enhancing soil fertility and improving soil structure in tropical regions. For this purpose, three land use types with a history of nearly 30 years were selected as the research objects, namely artificially managed rubber plantation (MR), naturally managed rubber plantations (NR), and low human-disturbed longan orchards (NL). The basic physical and chemical properties of soil, the distribution of water-stable aggregates, and the characteristics of aggregate stability in the 0-20 cm, 20-40 cm, and 40-60 cm soil layers were specifically analyzed. With the increase of soil depth, the soil pH in both MR and NL patterns showed a decreasing trend. In different profile layers, the pH of MR was lower than that of NL and NR. Under each soil layer, the contents of large soil aggregates (>2 mm, 1-2 mm) in the NR pattern were significantly higher than those in MR and NL. Conversely, the contents of small soil aggregates (<0.25 mm, 0.25-0.5 mm) were significantly lower than those in MR and NL patterns. Both the Mean Weight Diameter (MWD) and Geometric Mean Diameter (GMD) of soil water-stable aggregates in the NR pattern were significantly higher than those in MR and NL, and the fractal dimension (D) value was significantly lower than that in MR and NL. This indicates that the soil aggregates under the natural management pattern are more stable. Analysis of variance showed that land use patterns had an extremely significant impact on soil particle size distribution and aggregate stability. Soil depth significantly influenced the distribution of aggregates in the <0.25 mm, 0.25-0.5 mm, 0.5-1 mm, and 1-2 mm particle size fractions, with the intensity of the impact increasing as aggregate size decreased. The interaction effect between land use pattern and soil depth significantly affected soil aggregates (>2 mm, 1-2 mm) and the fractal dimension (D) value. Correlation analysis revealed that the soil aggregate stability indices (content of aggregates >2 mm, MWD, GMD) were negatively correlated with soil available phosphorus and positively correlated with soil organic matter (SOM); the fractal dimension (D) was negatively correlated with the content of soil aggregates (>2 mm) and significantly positively correlated with the content of soil aggregates (<0.25 mm). In conclusion, land use pattern is the most critical factor affecting soil aggregate stability. The naturally managed rubber plantation pattern can significantly increase the content of soil aggregates, enhance soil aggregate stability, and thereby improve soil structure.

, authors=null, authorsList=Jia ZHOU, Yanyan HUANG, Hongzhu YANG, Jianhong LI, Hailin LIU, Jingmin ZHANG, An YAN, Qinghuo LIN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=An YAN, Qinghuo LIN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1276618350943932691, articleId=1276618342538547445, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=CN, title=不同土地利用方式对热带土壤团聚体稳定性的影响, columnId=1237016045714723050, journalTitle=热带作物学报, columnName=采后处理与农业生态, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

本研究旨在探索长期不同土地利用方式对热带土壤理化性质及团聚体稳定性的影响机制,从而为热带地区土壤培肥与结构改良提供科学依据。本研究选取近30年来的3种土地利用模式作为研究对象,分别为人工管理橡胶林(MR)、自然管理橡胶林(NR)及低人为扰动龙眼果园(NL),并具体分析0~20、20~40、40~60 cm这3个土层的土壤基本理化性质、水稳性团聚体分布及团聚体稳定性特征。研究结果表明:随着土层深度的增加,MR与NL模式下的土壤pH均呈递减趋势;在不同土壤层次上,MR模式的土壤pH均低于NL与NR模式。在各土层中,NR模式下的土壤大团聚体(>2 mm、1~2 mm)含量显著高于MR和NL模式,而土壤微小团聚体(<0.25 mm、0.25~0.5 mm)含量则显著低于MR和NL模式;NR模式下的土壤水稳性团聚体平均重量直径(mean weight diameter,MWD)和平均几何直径(geometric mean diameter,GMD)均显著高于MR和NL模式,分形维数(fractal dimension,D)值显著低于MR和NL模式,说明在自然管理模式下,土壤团聚体更加稳定。方差分析结果表明,土地利用方式对土壤粒径分布及团聚体稳定性具有极显著影响,土层深度显著影响<0.25 mm、0.25~0.5 mm、0.5~1 mm、1~2 mm粒级团聚体的分布,且粒级越小,受土层深度影响的程度越大,土地利用方式和土层深度的交互作用仅显著影响土壤大团聚体(>2 mm、1~2 mm)及D值。相关分析结果表明:土壤团聚体稳定性指标(>2 mm团聚体含量、MWD、GMD)与土壤速效磷(available potassium,AP)含量呈负相关,与土壤有机质(soil organic matter,SOM)含量呈正相关;D值与土壤大团聚体(>2 mm)含量呈负相关,而与土壤微小团聚体(<0.25 mm)含量呈显著正相关。综上所述,土地利用方式是影响土壤团聚体稳定性的最关键因素,自然管理橡胶林模式可显著提升土壤大团聚体含量,提高土壤团聚体稳定性,进而改善土壤结构。

, authors=

周佳(1999—),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:土壤养分资源管理。

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* 颜安(YAN An),E-mail:
林清火(LIN Qinghuo),E-mail:
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周佳(1999—),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:土壤养分资源管理。

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周佳(1999—),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:土壤养分资源管理。

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(in Chinese), articleTitle=Effects of land use type on the content and stability of organic carbon in soil aggregates, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276618374885020064, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618342538547445, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=20, issue=2, pageStart=346, pageEnd=354, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=52, authorNames=李婕, 杨学云, 孙本华, 张树兰, journalName=植物营养与肥料学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李婕, 杨学云, 孙本华, 张树兰. 不同土壤管理措施下塿土团聚体的大小分布及其稳定性[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2014, 20(2): 346-354., articleTitle=不同土壤管理措施下塿土团聚体的大小分布及其稳定性, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276618374964711841, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618342538547445, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=20, issue=2, pageStart=346, pageEnd=354, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=53, authorNames=LI J, YANG X Y, SUN B H, ZHANG S L, journalName=Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI J, YANG X Y, SUN B H, ZHANG S L. Effects of soil management practices on stability and distribution of aggregates in Lou soil[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, 2014, 20(2): 346-354. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Effects of soil management practices on stability and distribution of aggregates in Lou soil, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276618375090540962, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618342538547445, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=60, issue=3, pageStart=627, pageEnd=643, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=54, authorNames=刘亚龙, 王萍, 汪景宽, journalName=土壤学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘亚龙, 王萍, 汪景宽. 土壤团聚体的形成和稳定机制:研究进展与展望[J]. 土壤学报, 2023, 60(3): 627-643., articleTitle=土壤团聚体的形成和稳定机制:研究进展与展望, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276618375170232739, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618342538547445, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=60, issue=3, pageStart=627, pageEnd=643, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=55, authorNames=LIU Y L, WANG P, WANG J K, journalName=Acta Pedologica Sinica, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU Y L, WANG P, WANG J K. Formation and stability mechanism of soil aggregates: progress and prospect[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2023, 60(3): 627-643. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Formation and stability mechanism of soil aggregates: progress and prospect, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276618375241535908, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618342538547445, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=60, issue=3, pageStart=610, pageEnd=626, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[31], rfOrder=56, authorNames=任利东, 王丽, 林琳, 张斌, journalName=土壤学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=任利东, 王丽, 林琳, 张斌. 农田土壤机械压实研究进展与展望[J]. 土壤学报, 2023, 60(3): 610-626., articleTitle=农田土壤机械压实研究进展与展望, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276618375321227685, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618342538547445, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=60, issue=3, pageStart=610, pageEnd=626, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[31], rfOrder=57, authorNames=REN L D, WANG L, LIN L, ZHANG B, journalName=Acta Pedologica Sinica, refType=null, unstructuredReference=REN L D, WANG L, LIN L, ZHANG B. The progress and prospect of soil compaction by agricultural machinery in arable land: a review[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2023, 60(3): 610-626. (in Chinese), articleTitle=The progress and prospect of soil compaction by agricultural machinery in arable land: a review, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276618375392530854, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618342538547445, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=69, issue=22, pageStart=3327, pageEnd=3338, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[32], rfOrder=58, authorNames=苏兴雷, 渠晨晨, 康杰, 高大鑫, 蔡鹏, 陈雯莉, 黄巧云, journalName=科学通报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=苏兴雷, 渠晨晨, 康杰, 高大鑫, 蔡鹏, 陈雯莉, 黄巧云. 微生物驱动土壤矿物结合态有机碳的形成[J]. 科学通报, 2024, 69(22): 3327-3338., articleTitle=微生物驱动土壤矿物结合态有机碳的形成, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276618375468028327, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618342538547445, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=69, issue=22, pageStart=3327, pageEnd=3338, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[32], rfOrder=59, authorNames=SU X L, QU C C, KANG J, GAO D X, CAI P, CHEN W L, HUANG Q Y, journalName=Chinese Science Bulletin, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SU X L, QU C C, KANG J, GAO D X, CAI P, CHEN W L, HUANG Q Y. 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(in Chinese), articleTitle=Microorganisms drive the formation of mineral-associated organic carbon in soils, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276618375564497320, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618342538547445, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=45, issue=8, pageStart=1513, pageEnd=1520, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[33], rfOrder=60, authorNames=张鹏, 贾志宽, 王维, 路文涛, 高飞, 聂俊峰, journalName=中国农业科学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张鹏, 贾志宽, 王维, 路文涛, 高飞, 聂俊峰. 秸秆还田对宁南半干旱地区土壤团聚体特征的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2012, 45(8): 1513-1520., articleTitle=秸秆还田对宁南半干旱地区土壤团聚体特征的影响, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276618375644189097, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618342538547445, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=45, issue=8, pageStart=1513, pageEnd=1520, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[33], rfOrder=61, authorNames=ZHANG P, JIA Z K, WANG W, LU W T, GAO F, NIE J F, journalName=Scientia Agricultura Sinica, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG P, JIA Z K, WANG W, LU W T, GAO F, NIE J F. Effects of straw returning on characteristics of soil aggregates in semi-arid areas in southern Ningxia of China[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2012, 45(8): 1513-1520. 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不同大写字母表示相同土层下不同土地利用方式之间差异显著(P<0.05),不同小写字母表示相同土地利用方式下不同土层之间差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=GqBTJ2C10oU4YEMWgn7RZQ==, figureFileBig=/bgCM+8xSoNCGOcYjyJStw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276618364537672030, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618342538547445, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Distribution characteristics of soil water-stable aggregates under different land-use patterns, figureFileSmall=7OEbjkPFIBXxL/O8ti0Sww==, figureFileBig=F87Zts8owiTKm4smVwWPTQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276618364600586591, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618342538547445, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同土地利用方式下土壤水稳性团聚体分布特征, figureFileSmall=7OEbjkPFIBXxL/O8ti0Sww==, figureFileBig=F87Zts8owiTKm4smVwWPTQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276618364671889760, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618342538547445, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=MWD, GMD and D values of soil water-stable aggregates under different land-use patterns, figureFileSmall=As529vtYIWEwAMwdutItFg==, figureFileBig=PEtxdLFaLMSwUtfM9hSrGg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276618364734804321, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618342538547445, language=CN, label=图4, caption=不同土地利用方式下土壤水稳性团聚体的MWD、GMD和D, figureFileSmall=As529vtYIWEwAMwdutItFg==, figureFileBig=PEtxdLFaLMSwUtfM9hSrGg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276618364797718882, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618342538547445, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Correlation analysis between soil physicochemical properties of different soil layers and soil aggregate stabilityer, figureFileSmall=w1n1XfQLbA7O8TUODIQw3A==, figureFileBig=Srq8VOVh0PfzCPXXZJr9QA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276618364873216355, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618342538547445, language=CN, label=图5, caption=不同土层土壤理化性质与土壤团聚体稳定性指标相关性分析

*表示显著相关(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=w1n1XfQLbA7O8TUODIQw3A==, figureFileBig=Srq8VOVh0PfzCPXXZJr9QA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276618364952908132, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618342538547445, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Soil physical properties soil layer for different land use patterns

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
土层Soil layer/cm处理Treatment容重BD/(g·cm-3总孔隙度Tp/%毛管孔隙度Cp/%非毛管孔隙度Ncp/%
0~20MR1.46±0.07Ba37.17±1.51Aa35.96±1.43Aa1.22±0.17Aab
NR1.55±0.02Aa37.64±1.88Aab36.59±1.84Aa1.05±0.16Ab
NL1.59±0.02Aa33.29±0.91Bc32.17±0.96Bc1.12±0.15Aa
20~40MR1.47±0.79Ba36.35±3.65Aa35.57±3.94Aa1.04±0.14Bb
NR1.60±0.06Aa33.66±3.30Ab31.58±3.53Ab2.08±0.82Aa
NL1.51±0.05ABb37.83±1.52Ab36.50±1.47Ab1.33±0.10ABa
40~60MR1.41±0.04Ba39.59±1.10Aa38.30±0.85Aa1.29±0.06ABa
NR1.55±0.07Aa39.23±2.35Aa37.79±2.34Aa1.44±0.19Aab
NL1.40±0.03Bc40.68±1.06Aa39.57±1.11Aa1.11±0.17Ba
), ArticleFig(id=1276618365116485989, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618342538547445, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同土地利用方式下土壤物理性状

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
土层Soil layer/cm处理Treatment容重BD/(g·cm-3总孔隙度Tp/%毛管孔隙度Cp/%非毛管孔隙度Ncp/%
0~20MR1.46±0.07Ba37.17±1.51Aa35.96±1.43Aa1.22±0.17Aab
NR1.55±0.02Aa37.64±1.88Aab36.59±1.84Aa1.05±0.16Ab
NL1.59±0.02Aa33.29±0.91Bc32.17±0.96Bc1.12±0.15Aa
20~40MR1.47±0.79Ba36.35±3.65Aa35.57±3.94Aa1.04±0.14Bb
NR1.60±0.06Aa33.66±3.30Ab31.58±3.53Ab2.08±0.82Aa
NL1.51±0.05ABb37.83±1.52Ab36.50±1.47Ab1.33±0.10ABa
40~60MR1.41±0.04Ba39.59±1.10Aa38.30±0.85Aa1.29±0.06ABa
NR1.55±0.07Aa39.23±2.35Aa37.79±2.34Aa1.44±0.19Aab
NL1.40±0.03Bc40.68±1.06Aa39.57±1.11Aa1.11±0.17Ba
), ArticleFig(id=1276618365200372070, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618342538547445, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Analysis of variance of physical and chemical properties under different land use patterns and soil depths

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变异来源Source of variation指标Index自由度Degree of freedom均方Mean squareFF valuePP value
土地利用方式pH20.45314.576<0.001
SOM含量21.1870.5140.605
TN含量20.0061.2360.306
AP含量2334.04497.831<0.001
AK含量23395.31113.278<0.001
BD20.04315.987<0.001
Pt22.2320.4890.619
Cp25.0141.0270.372
Ncp20.4524.8070.016
土层深度pH20.2217.117<0.001
SOM含量2178.06377.083<0.001
TN含量20.26555.229<0.001
AP含量2220.87864.688<0.001
AK含量210 317.28840.349<0.001
BD20.0259.0880.001
Pt259.05712.929<0.001
Cp258.90412.067<0.001
Ncp20.3743.9690.031
土地利用方式×土层深度pH40.1444.6370.006
SOM含量47.8993.4190.025
TN含量40.0122.4170.073
AP含量484.70124.806<0.001
AK含量41295.6285.0670.001
BD40.0114.0700.01
Pt420.3744.4610.007
Cp424.2584.9690.004
Ncp40.4164.4250.007
), ArticleFig(id=1276618365288452455, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618342538547445, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同土地利用方式和土层深度理化性质的方差分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变异来源Source of variation指标Index自由度Degree of freedom均方Mean squareFF valuePP value
土地利用方式pH20.45314.576<0.001
SOM含量21.1870.5140.605
TN含量20.0061.2360.306
AP含量2334.04497.831<0.001
AK含量23395.31113.278<0.001
BD20.04315.987<0.001
Pt22.2320.4890.619
Cp25.0141.0270.372
Ncp20.4524.8070.016
土层深度pH20.2217.117<0.001
SOM含量2178.06377.083<0.001
TN含量20.26555.229<0.001
AP含量2220.87864.688<0.001
AK含量210 317.28840.349<0.001
BD20.0259.0880.001
Pt259.05712.929<0.001
Cp258.90412.067<0.001
Ncp20.3743.9690.031
土地利用方式×土层深度pH40.1444.6370.006
SOM含量47.8993.4190.025
TN含量40.0122.4170.073
AP含量484.70124.806<0.001
AK含量41295.6285.0670.001
BD40.0114.0700.01
Pt420.3744.4610.007
Cp424.2584.9690.004
Ncp40.4164.4250.007
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Analysis of variance of aggregate particle sizes and stability indices under different land use patterns and soil depths

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变异来源Source of variation指标Index自由度Degree of freedom均方Mean squareFF valuePP value
土地利用方式>2 mm26249.433314.730<0.001
1~2 mm2389.186115.878<0.001
0.5~1 mm2493.57222.500<0.001
0.25~0.5 mm21293.354209.237<0.001
<0.25 mm21732.54855.724<0.001
MWD23.622338.851<0.001
GMD21.316144.300<0.001
D21.18081.926<0.001
土层深度>2 mm232.3441.6290.215
1~2 mm213.1233.9070.032
0.5~1 mm2107.1394.8840.015
0.25~0.5 mm250.5638.1800.002
<0.25 mm2261.9798.4260.001
MWD20.0050.4880.619
GMD20.0080.8330.446
D20.0020.1610.852
土地利用方式×土层深度>2 mm458.9892.9710.037
1~2 mm410.5683.1470.030
0.5~1 mm48.8880.4050.803
0.25~0.5 mm47.4581.2070.331
<0.25 mm420.3670.6550.628
MWD40.0191.7850.161
GMD40.0030.3060.871
D40.0573.9490.012
), ArticleFig(id=1276618365456224617, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618342538547445, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同土地利用方式和土层深度团聚体粒径及稳定性指标的方差分析

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变异来源Source of variation指标Index自由度Degree of freedom均方Mean squareFF valuePP value
土地利用方式>2 mm26249.433314.730<0.001
1~2 mm2389.186115.878<0.001
0.5~1 mm2493.57222.500<0.001
0.25~0.5 mm21293.354209.237<0.001
<0.25 mm21732.54855.724<0.001
MWD23.622338.851<0.001
GMD21.316144.300<0.001
D21.18081.926<0.001
土层深度>2 mm232.3441.6290.215
1~2 mm213.1233.9070.032
0.5~1 mm2107.1394.8840.015
0.25~0.5 mm250.5638.1800.002
<0.25 mm2261.9798.4260.001
MWD20.0050.4880.619
GMD20.0080.8330.446
D20.0020.1610.852
土地利用方式×土层深度>2 mm458.9892.9710.037
1~2 mm410.5683.1470.030
0.5~1 mm48.8880.4050.803
0.25~0.5 mm47.4581.2070.331
<0.25 mm420.3670.6550.628
MWD40.0191.7850.161
GMD40.0030.3060.871
D40.0573.9490.012
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不同土地利用方式对热带土壤团聚体稳定性的影响
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周佳 1, 3 , 黄艳艳 2, 3 , 杨红竹 2, 3 , 李建宏 2, 3 , 刘海林 2, 3 , 张婧旻 2, 3 , 颜安 1, * , 林清火 2, 3, *
热带作物学报 | 采后处理与农业生态 2025,46(12): 3073-3084
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热带作物学报 |采后处理与农业生态 2025 , 46 (12) : 3073 -3084
不同土地利用方式对热带土壤团聚体稳定性的影响
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周佳(1999—),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:土壤养分资源管理。

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周佳1, 3, 黄艳艳2, 3, 杨红竹2, 3, 李建宏2, 3, 刘海林2, 3, 张婧旻2, 3, 颜安1, * , 林清火2, 3, *
作者信息
  • 1.新疆农业大学资源与环境学院,新疆乌鲁木齐 830052
  • 2.中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所/海口市土壤健康与养分资源高效利用重点实验室,海南海口 571101
  • 3.儋州橡胶林土壤环境海南省野外科学观测站,海南儋州 571737
通讯作者:
* 颜安(YAN An),E-mail:
林清火(LIN Qinghuo),E-mail:
Impact of Different Land Use Patterns on the Stability of Tropical Soil Aggregates
Jia ZHOU1, 3, Yanyan HUANG2, 3, Hongzhu YANG2, 3, Jianhong LI2, 3, Hailin LIU2, 3, Jingmin ZHANG2, 3, An YAN1, * , Qinghuo LIN2, 3, *
Affiliations
  • 1.College of Resources and Environment, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xiniiang 830052, China
  • 2.Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences / Haikou Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Nutrient Utilization, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China
  • 3.Danzhou Soil Environment of Rubber Plantation, Hainan Observation and Research Station, Danzhou, Hainan 571737, China
出版时间: 2025-12-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.12.024
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本研究旨在探索长期不同土地利用方式对热带土壤理化性质及团聚体稳定性的影响机制,从而为热带地区土壤培肥与结构改良提供科学依据。本研究选取近30年来的3种土地利用模式作为研究对象,分别为人工管理橡胶林(MR)、自然管理橡胶林(NR)及低人为扰动龙眼果园(NL),并具体分析0~20、20~40、40~60 cm这3个土层的土壤基本理化性质、水稳性团聚体分布及团聚体稳定性特征。研究结果表明:随着土层深度的增加,MR与NL模式下的土壤pH均呈递减趋势;在不同土壤层次上,MR模式的土壤pH均低于NL与NR模式。在各土层中,NR模式下的土壤大团聚体(>2 mm、1~2 mm)含量显著高于MR和NL模式,而土壤微小团聚体(<0.25 mm、0.25~0.5 mm)含量则显著低于MR和NL模式;NR模式下的土壤水稳性团聚体平均重量直径(mean weight diameter,MWD)和平均几何直径(geometric mean diameter,GMD)均显著高于MR和NL模式,分形维数(fractal dimension,D)值显著低于MR和NL模式,说明在自然管理模式下,土壤团聚体更加稳定。方差分析结果表明,土地利用方式对土壤粒径分布及团聚体稳定性具有极显著影响,土层深度显著影响<0.25 mm、0.25~0.5 mm、0.5~1 mm、1~2 mm粒级团聚体的分布,且粒级越小,受土层深度影响的程度越大,土地利用方式和土层深度的交互作用仅显著影响土壤大团聚体(>2 mm、1~2 mm)及D值。相关分析结果表明:土壤团聚体稳定性指标(>2 mm团聚体含量、MWD、GMD)与土壤速效磷(available potassium,AP)含量呈负相关,与土壤有机质(soil organic matter,SOM)含量呈正相关;D值与土壤大团聚体(>2 mm)含量呈负相关,而与土壤微小团聚体(<0.25 mm)含量呈显著正相关。综上所述,土地利用方式是影响土壤团聚体稳定性的最关键因素,自然管理橡胶林模式可显著提升土壤大团聚体含量,提高土壤团聚体稳定性,进而改善土壤结构。

热带地区  /  长期定位试验  /  土地利用方式  /  不同土层  /  团聚体稳定性

This study was aimed to explore the impact mechanism of long-term different land use patterns on the physical and chemical properties and aggregate stability of tropical soils, thereby providing a scientific foundation for enhancing soil fertility and improving soil structure in tropical regions. For this purpose, three land use types with a history of nearly 30 years were selected as the research objects, namely artificially managed rubber plantation (MR), naturally managed rubber plantations (NR), and low human-disturbed longan orchards (NL). The basic physical and chemical properties of soil, the distribution of water-stable aggregates, and the characteristics of aggregate stability in the 0-20 cm, 20-40 cm, and 40-60 cm soil layers were specifically analyzed. With the increase of soil depth, the soil pH in both MR and NL patterns showed a decreasing trend. In different profile layers, the pH of MR was lower than that of NL and NR. Under each soil layer, the contents of large soil aggregates (>2 mm, 1-2 mm) in the NR pattern were significantly higher than those in MR and NL. Conversely, the contents of small soil aggregates (<0.25 mm, 0.25-0.5 mm) were significantly lower than those in MR and NL patterns. Both the Mean Weight Diameter (MWD) and Geometric Mean Diameter (GMD) of soil water-stable aggregates in the NR pattern were significantly higher than those in MR and NL, and the fractal dimension (D) value was significantly lower than that in MR and NL. This indicates that the soil aggregates under the natural management pattern are more stable. Analysis of variance showed that land use patterns had an extremely significant impact on soil particle size distribution and aggregate stability. Soil depth significantly influenced the distribution of aggregates in the <0.25 mm, 0.25-0.5 mm, 0.5-1 mm, and 1-2 mm particle size fractions, with the intensity of the impact increasing as aggregate size decreased. The interaction effect between land use pattern and soil depth significantly affected soil aggregates (>2 mm, 1-2 mm) and the fractal dimension (D) value. Correlation analysis revealed that the soil aggregate stability indices (content of aggregates >2 mm, MWD, GMD) were negatively correlated with soil available phosphorus and positively correlated with soil organic matter (SOM); the fractal dimension (D) was negatively correlated with the content of soil aggregates (>2 mm) and significantly positively correlated with the content of soil aggregates (<0.25 mm). In conclusion, land use pattern is the most critical factor affecting soil aggregate stability. The naturally managed rubber plantation pattern can significantly increase the content of soil aggregates, enhance soil aggregate stability, and thereby improve soil structure.

tropical region  /  long-term field experiment  /  land-use type  /  different soil layers  /  aggregate stability
周佳, 黄艳艳, 杨红竹, 李建宏, 刘海林, 张婧旻, 颜安, 林清火. 不同土地利用方式对热带土壤团聚体稳定性的影响. 热带作物学报, 2025 , 46 (12) : 3073 -3084 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.12.024
Jia ZHOU, Yanyan HUANG, Hongzhu YANG, Jianhong LI, Hailin LIU, Jingmin ZHANG, An YAN, Qinghuo LIN. Impact of Different Land Use Patterns on the Stability of Tropical Soil Aggregates[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2025 , 46 (12) : 3073 -3084 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.12.024
土壤作为生态系统的重要组成部分,是农业生产和粮食安全的基础资源。随着社会经济的快速发展,人类对自然资源的过度开发导致土壤质量下降、结构退化等问题日益凸显[1]。土地利用方式是改变土壤结构及团聚体稳定性的核心驱动因素,例如,林地向农田的转化往往伴随着频繁的耕作活动,这些耕作会扰动土壤,破坏原有的团聚体结构;而免耕或长期处于自然植被覆盖下的土壤,则可通过凋落物的输入及植被根系的作用,促进团聚体的重构与稳定。这些变化会进一步影响土壤养分循环和土壤结构稳定性等关键过程,最终共同决定土壤的肥力水平与生态服务功能[2]。赵珊珊等[3]在研究不同施肥措施对土壤团聚体稳定性的影响时发现,氮磷钾处理下,土壤结构稳定性最佳。其机制在于均衡的养分供应能够促进作物根系生长,增加根系分泌物等胶结物质,进而增强团聚体的胶结和稳定性。刘福君等[4]在五龙池小流域的研究表明,灌木林、坡耕地和梯田3种不同的土地利用方式下,土壤有机质(soil organic matter,SOM)含量、全氮(total nitrogen,TN)含量、颗粒组成和毛管孔隙度(capillary porosity,Cp)存在显著差异。其中,林地具有较高的有机质含量,且植被根系更加发达。植物根系通过缠绕和联结土壤颗粒,并释放分泌物,促进土壤大团聚体的形成,从而提高团聚体稳定性和土壤结构稳定性。
橡胶林作为热带地区典型人工生态系统,其土地利用方式对土壤性质及结构稳定性的影响具有独特性。人工管理橡胶林由于化肥的施用及作物种植的单一性,常常导致土壤酸化加速、微团聚体占比异常等问题。这种管理方式虽能够在短期内提升表层养分含量,但会破坏土壤孔隙结构的连续性,加剧养分垂直迁移的阻力[5]。土地利用变化,尤其是自然林向经济林的转化,土壤质量产生深远影响。邹鑫等[6]的研究表明,西双版纳地区热带雨林开垦为橡胶林后(约26 a),土壤理化性质变差、团聚体稳定性降低,碳、氮积累量减少,单层橡胶林物种单一,且植物地下根系不发达,不利于形成稳定的团粒结构,从而导致土壤质量退化。相比之下,复合系统显示出一定的改善效果。陈春峰等[7]在西双版纳地区的研究表明,相较于单层橡胶林,胶林复合系统显著提高了团聚体的平均重量直径(mean weight diameter,MWD)和平均几何直径(geometric mean diameter,GMD),并降低了分形维数(fractal dimension,D)值。在橡胶林复合系统中,土壤有机质来源于橡胶落叶、腐根及人工施肥。胶林复合系统增加地表凋落物,使土壤有机碳输入增加,从而显著提升了有机碳含量。新输入的有机碳作为土壤团聚体的粘结物质,优先促进大团聚体的形成,而团聚体碳的富集又加速了大团聚体的形成,进而提高了团聚体的稳定性。热带地区自然林向橡胶林等人工经济林快速转变,将改变地表覆盖、微气候环境及人为干预强度,对土壤理化性质及团聚体稳定性产生级联效应[8]
目前,前人的研究多聚焦于橡胶林等热带经济作物耕作区表层土壤性质的差异,缺乏对热带经济作物耕作区深层土壤理化性质与土壤结构稳定性的系统分析。基于此,本研究在儋州橡胶林土壤环境海南省野外科学观测研究站内,选取具有近30年定位试验的人工管理橡胶林、自然管理橡胶林及低人为扰动龙眼果园3种典型土地利用方式样地,采集0~20、20~40、40~60 cm土层的土壤样品,通过分析土壤理化性质、水稳性团聚体分布及团聚体稳定性特征,旨在揭示:(1)不同土地利用方式下土壤理化性质及土壤团聚体分布与稳定性的垂直演变规律;(2)影响土壤团聚体结构稳定性的关键因子。研究结果将为热带地区土壤培肥与土体结构改良提供科学依据,对热带地区土地的可持续利用与生态保护具有重要的实践指导意义。
样地位于儋州橡胶林土壤环境海南省野外科学观测研究站内(19°32′N,109°14′E,图1),属于热带海洋性季风气候区,年平均降雨量约为1600 mm,年平均气温为20.8~26.0 ℃。3种不同土地利用方式样地间隔约200 m:人工管理橡胶林(简称MR,标记①),1994年定植后按照常规生产管理[9];自然管理橡胶林(简称NR,标记②),2000年定植后自然生长(未开割,无人为扰动);低人为扰动龙眼果园(简称NL,标记③),1994年定植后按照常规生产管理,2000年后实施自然管理。
土壤样品于2024年10月采集,方法如下:(1)原状及环刀土样采集。在每种土地利用方式的样地中央分别开挖长×宽×深为50 cm×50 cm×60 cm的土壤剖面,利用环刀在东、南、西、北4个方向的剖面左侧位置,分别采集0~20 cm、20~40 cm、40~60 cm土层环刀样品,用于土壤容重(bulk density,BD)、毛管孔隙度等物理性质分析;在4个方向的剖面右侧位置,用不锈钢铲分别采集0~20 cm、20~40 cm和40~60 cm土层原状土块(长×宽×深为20 cm×20 cm×10 cm),通过物理破碎处理将土壤样品分解为1~2 cm粒径的碎块后,采用人工筛选法去除其中混杂的植物残骸、小型石块以及蚯蚓等生物体,在(25±2)℃室温下风干后用于土壤团聚体粒径分布及稳定性测定。
(2)混合土样采集。按照“S”型在不同利用方式的样地布设4个采样位置,采用间隔60 cm的正三角形布点法进行土壤采样,并使用内径为8 cm的土钻按照0~20 cm、20~40 cm以及40~60 cm三个土层深度采集,随后将同一采样点4个相同土层的所有样品充分混匀后制备成混合土样。将土壤样品经自然风干后过2 mm孔筛,用于土壤pH、氮、磷和钾含量测定;另取适量已过2 mm筛的土样继续研磨过0.25 mm筛,用于土壤有机质含量测定。
(1)土壤基本理化指标测定。参照《土壤农业化学分析方法》[10],土壤全氮、速效磷(available potassium,AP)含量采用连续流动分析法测定;土壤速效钾(available potassium,AK)含量采用乙酸铵浸提-原子吸收火焰光度法测定;土壤pH采用1∶2.5土水比进行混合浸提,采用电极法测定;土壤有机质含量采用重铬酸钾氧化-外加热法测定;土壤容重及毛管孔隙度采用环刀法(100 cm3)测定。
(2)湿筛法测定土壤团聚体。称取50 g土壤样品置于由2、1、0.5、0.25、0.053 mm孔径筛网自上而下叠加组成的套筛最上层,随后将整套筛具浸入盛装有去离子水的水桶中进行10 min预湿润处理,期间保持水位与顶层筛网上缘齐平,最后将湿润后的套筛固定于团粒分析仪震荡装置上,设置震荡频率为30次/min,持续震荡处理5 min。震荡结束后,依次将各层级筛网上截留的土壤团聚体冲洗到铝盒中,在65 ℃烘箱中烘干至恒重,并精确称量。根据各粒径团聚体干质量计算其质量分数,以此表征土壤水稳性团聚体组成[11]
土壤团聚体稳定性的评估通常采用MWD、GMD、D值3个关键指标[12]。当MWD和GMD数值增大而D值减小时,意味着土壤团聚体平均粒径更大、团聚程度更高、抗侵蚀能力更强及结构稳定性[13]更优。MWD、GMD及D值计算公式如下[14]
式中,为某粒级团聚体的平均直径(mm),Wi为某粒级团聚体组分的干质量(g)。
式中,为粒径小于的团聚体质量(g),Mt为测定团聚体总质量(g),Rmax为团聚体的最大粒径(mm),通过数据拟合,求得D值。
采用Excel 2021软件对数据进行整理和统计分析,运用SPSS 27.0软件对相同土层不同土地利用方式和相同土地利用方式不同土层下的土壤理化性质及土壤团聚体稳定性指标进行差异显著性分析(Duncan法),利用Origin 2021软件作图。有机质和氮、磷、钾等养分指标分组范围参照全国第三次土壤普查的养分分级标准[15],土壤物理指标参照《土壤质量指标与评价》[16]和《土壤农化分析》[17]结合实际进行设置。
图2所示,低人为扰动龙眼果园(NL)的pH在0~20 cm和20~40 cm土层显著高于人工管理橡胶林(MR)和自然管理橡胶林(NR)。而在40~60 cm土层中,NR模式下土壤pH(5.07)显著高于MR模式(4.59),且NR模式下40~60 cm土层的pH较20~40 cm土层显著升高0.24个单位。3种土地利用方式下不同土层土壤均处于强酸性等级(4.5~5.5),其中MR模式下土壤酸度最强。
在0~20 cm表层土壤中,3种土地利用方式有机质含量为:NR(17.34 g/kg)>NL(16.42 g/kg)>MR(14.15 g/kg);与0~20 cm土层相比,在20~40 cm土层中土壤有机质含量均显著下降,其中,NR模式降幅最大,较0~20 cm土层下降了35.7%;随土层深度增加至40~60 cm,土壤有机质含量进一步降低,MR、NR及NL模式下有机质含量分别降为9.52、7.71、6.65 g/kg,其中NL模式降幅最大,较0~20 cm土层下降了59.52%。此外,不同土地利用方式下的土壤全氮含量均随土层深度增加呈逐渐降低趋势,且各模式间差异不显著;与0~20 cm土层相比,20~40 cm土层土壤全氮含量均显著降低,其中NR模式较0~20 cm土层显著下降了28.9%。
不同土地利用方式下,土壤有效磷含量均随土层深度的增加呈显著降低。不同土层下,MR模式有效磷含量均显著高于NL和NR模式。在0~20 cm土层中,MR、NL、NR模式土壤有效磷含量分别为24.34、7.51、1.39 mg/kg,在40~60 cm土层中,其有效磷含量分别急剧下降为2.92、0.92、0.05 mg/kg,降幅分别为88.0%、87.7%和96.4%。
除MR模式外,NR和NL模式下,土壤速效钾含量均随土层深度的增加而递减。0~20 cm表层土壤中,NL模式的速效钾含量(91.66 mg/kg)显著高于MR(51.36 mg/kg)和NR(62.3 mg/kg)模式。20~40 cm土层中,NL模式的速效钾含量(54.37 mg/kg)仍显著高于NR(32.73 mg/kg)模式。而在40~60 cm深层土壤中,MR和NL模式下速效钾含量显著高于NR模式。
MR模式下,0~20 cm、20~40 cm、40~60 cm土层的土壤容重分别为1.46、1.47、1.41 g/cm3,均显著低于NR模式(表1)。NL模式下各土层的土壤容重分别为1.59、1.51、1.40 g/cm3,即随土层深度的增加呈下降趋势。
MR和NR模式下,0~20 cm土层的土壤总孔隙度(total porosity,Tp)分别为37.17%和37.64%,毛管孔隙度分别为35.96%和36.59%,均显著高于NL模式(33.29%和32.17%)。20~40 cm土层NR模式的土壤非毛管孔隙度显著高于MR模式;而40~60 cm土层NR模式的非毛管孔隙度显著高于NL模式。
MR模式在0~20 cm、20~40 cm土层表现出“低容重-高孔隙”的特征。NR模式在20~40 cm、40~60 cm土层具有明显的非毛管孔隙优势。NL模式的孔隙结构随土层深度的增加明显改善,其在40~60 cm土层的总孔隙度较0~20 cm土层提升22.1%,呈现出“深层高孔隙度”特征。
对不同土地利用方式和土层深度理化性质的方差分析表明(表2),土地利用方式对土壤pH、有效磷、速效钾含量以及容重具有极显著影响,对土壤非毛管孔隙度具有显著影响。土层深度对土壤pH、有机质、全氮、有效磷、速效钾含量及土壤容重、总孔隙度、毛管孔隙度具有极显著影响,对非毛管孔隙度具有显著影响。另外,二者交互作用除了对土壤有机质具有显著影响外,对土壤pH、有效磷、速效钾含量、容重、总孔隙度、毛管孔隙度、非毛管孔隙度均具有极显著影响。
随着土层深度从0~20 cm增至40~60 cm,在NR模式下,1~2、0.5~1、0.25~0.5 mm粒径范围的土壤团聚体含量呈先增加后减少的变化特征,而>2 mm和<0.25 mm粒径团聚体则呈先减少后增加的动态变化(图3);相较之下,MR模式中0.5~1 mm与0.25~0.5 mm粒径团聚体含量随土层加深呈持续递减趋势,>2 mm粒径团聚体则表现为先增后减的分布模式,1~2 mm粒级团聚体含量先减少后增加,微团聚体(<0.25 mm)含量则逐渐增加;NL模式下0.5~1 mm粒级团聚体含量先增加后减少,>2 mm、1~2 mm、0.25~0.5 mm粒级团聚体的数量逐渐减少,微团聚体(<0.25 mm)含量逐渐增加。NR模式下不同土层深度>2 mm、1~2 mm粒级的水稳性团聚体含量均显著高于MR和NL模式;相反,其在0.5~1 mm、0.25~0.5 mm、<0.25 mm粒级的水稳性团聚体数量均显著低于MR和NL模式。
MR模式下不同土层土壤水稳性团聚体的MWD和GMD均表现为:20~40 cm>0~20 cm>40~60 cm;NR模式下不同土层的MWD表现为:0~20 cm>40~60 cm>20~40 cm,GMD则表现为:40~60 cm>0~20 cm>20~40 cm;NL模式下不同土层的MWD和GMD表现为:40~60 cm>20~40 cm>0~20 cm(图4)。NR模式下0~20 cm、20~40 cm及40~60 cm土层的MWD和GMD均显著高于NL和MR模式。NR模式下不同土层土壤水稳性团聚体D值均显著小于NL和MR模式,总体趋势为NR<NL<MR,即NR模式下土壤稳定性最高。随着土层深度增加,NR模式土壤水稳性团聚体D值表现为递减趋势,但MR和NL模式表现出递增趋势。由表3可知,土地利用方式对不同粒径水稳性团聚体含量及团聚体平均重量直径、平均几何直径、分形维数值均具有极显著影响,土层深度对1~2 mm、0.5~1 mm、0.25~0.5 mm和<0.25 mm粒径范围的水稳性团聚体具有显著影响,而土地利用与土层深度的交互作用仅对>2 mm、1~2 mm粒径范围水稳性团聚体及分形维数值具有显著影响。
通过Pearson相关性分析揭示不同土层土壤理化性质与团聚体稳定性之间的关联特征(图5)。0~20 cm土层中,土壤SOM与TN含量呈显著正相关,而与AP含量呈显著负相关;土壤>2 mm团聚体与土壤平均几何直径呈显著正相关。20~40 cm土层中,土壤SOM与Cp呈显著正相关;BD与Ncp呈显著正相关;<0.25 mm微团聚体与D值呈显著正相关;土壤平均重量直径与<0.25 mm团聚体含量和D值均呈显著负相关。40~60 cm土层中,pH与1~2 mm团聚体呈显著正相关;>2 mm团聚体与GMD、MWD呈显著正相关,而与<0.25 mm团聚体D值呈显著负相关。整体而言,平均重量直径与平均几何直径作为土壤团聚体稳定性的关键指标,其数值与土壤大团聚体(>2 mm、1~2 mm)呈正相关关系,与微小团聚体(0.5~1 mm、0.25~0.5 mm、<0.25 mm)、分形维数值呈负相关关系。
本研究发现,NL模式0~20 cm、20~40 cm土层的土壤pH显著高于MR和NR模式。这可能是由于龙眼凋落物中含有较高比例的灰分,在矿化分解过程中会不断释放碱性物质,中和土壤的部分酸性,从而减轻土壤酸化程度[18],该结论与邹鑫等[6]在西双版纳对橡胶林和热带雨林的研究结论一致。土壤pH的降低会影响黏土矿物和有机质等胶体的表面电荷,使其表面正电荷增加、静电斥力减小,进而促进颗粒通过静电吸引发生团聚[19]。土壤容重是土壤最重要的物理性质之一,它综合反映了土壤的质地和孔隙状况,能够影响土壤的透气性、持水性和溶质迁移能力等,进而对土壤肥力和植物生长产生影响[20]。MR模式各土层的土壤容重均相对较低,这表明长期人工施肥措施可降低土壤容重,该结果与刘丽媛等[21]的研究一致。NR模式20~40 cm、40~60 cm土层的土壤非毛管孔隙度显著高于NL模式,这主要归因于橡胶树具有较深的主根和丰富的吸收根,可形成稳定且密集的根系网络,促进优先流和水分下渗[22]
作为表征土壤结构稳定性的重要指标,土壤平均重量直径和平均几何直径对土地利用方式及土壤物理环境变化具有显著响应特征,其数值越大通常表明土壤结构状况得到改善。同时,分形维数作为综合性评价参数,可有效反映土壤结构特征、养分状况及退化程度等多维信息。研究发现,NR模式各土层的水稳性大团聚体(>2 mm)数量、GMD和MWD均显著高于MR和NL模式,这说明自然管理相较于人工管理,其土壤稳定性更好,抗蚀能力更强[23]。而MR模式各土层微小团聚体(<0.25 mm)数量、GMD和MWD均低于NR和NL模式,该结果与刘敏英等[24]的研究结果一致。一方面,人工管理橡胶林经常进行除草、有机物料清理填沟压青等作业,导致其与自然管理橡胶林和低人为扰动龙眼果园相比,有机质输入量大幅降低,有机碳源减少致使土壤动物和微生物活动减弱,因此NR模式土壤中的有机胶结物质较MR和NL模式更少[13]。而有机胶结物质是形成土壤团聚体的重要粘结物质,其减少进而导致橡胶林水稳性大团聚体减少[25];另一方面,定期挖穴施肥等生产管理破坏土壤结构,导致微团聚体占比增加。同时,化肥施用会加速有机质矿化,削弱胶结作用,加剧土壤退化。NR模式下的高MWD印证了自然生态系统对土壤结构的保护作用,而MR模式的低值说明集约农业具有潜在生态风险。NL模式的过渡性特征表明,适度减少人为干扰可部分恢复土壤结构,但需经过长期自然过程才能接近原始状态。
水稳性团聚体是衡量土壤团聚体稳定性的核心指标之一[26],其稳定性受多种因素影响,包括降水、植被盖度、地形地貌特征以及土壤本身的物理化学性质等[27]。在本研究中,相较于土层深度及其与土地利用方式的交互作用,土地利用方式对不同粒径水稳性团聚体含量及团聚体稳定性指标影响最大。土地利用方式对土壤水稳性团聚体含量分布及团聚体稳定性指标具有极显著影响。罗晓虹等[28]对6种不同土地利用方式(针阔叶混交林、竹林、果园、旱地、水田和荒草地)的土壤水稳性团聚体含量进行了分析,结果显示,不同土地利用方式下土壤的结构存在显著差异。不同土地利用方式通过改变植被覆盖、耕作强度、有机质输入及生物扰动等过程,可以直接影响土壤水稳性团聚体分布与稳定性[29]。相关性分析显示,0~20 cm土层的土壤微小团聚体(0.25~0.5 mm、<0.25 mm)与平均重量直径、平均几何直径呈负相关关系,这主要是因为细颗粒具有较大的比表面积,它们可通过竞争吸附或改变溶液环境,削弱有机质与矿物颗粒间通过表面电荷形成的胶结作用强度,从而降低团聚体稳定性[30]。20~40 cm土层的土壤容重与非毛管孔隙度呈正相关,这可能与机械压实导致大孔隙减少有关。压实过程显著减少了土壤中的大孔隙比例,导致容重上升与非毛管孔隙度下降,这一现象在农业集约化区域尤为显著[31]。40~60 cm土层的土壤大团聚体(>2 mm)与GMD、MWD呈显著正相关,这表明深层土壤的结构稳定性主要依赖于大团聚体的物理支撑作用,而有机质的贡献减弱,这与深层碳库矿质化主导的成土过程一致[32]。随土层深度的加深,土壤中>2 mm的团聚体分布量减少,<0.25 mm的团聚体数量增加,团聚体稳定性下降,以至于在40~60 cm土层表现出<0.25 mm团聚体与GMD和MWD呈显著负相关,与D值呈显著正相关,上述情况与张鹏等[33]的研究一致。不同土层下<0.25 mm的微团聚体与D值的正相关关系验证了微团聚体的增加会导致土壤结构复杂化。
本研究结果总体表明,土地利用方式是驱动土壤粒径分布及团聚体稳定性的最关键因素。土地利用方式与土层深度的交互作用显著影响土壤中>2 mm、1~2 mm的团聚体及分形维数。自然管理橡胶林模式下土壤团聚体的平均重量直径、平均几何直径、>2 mm团聚体数值最高,分型维数值最低,说明其土壤结构稳定性较好。人工管理橡胶林模式土壤中微团聚体积累,团聚体的平均几何直径、平均重量直径最低,土壤结构稳定性较差。低人为扰动龙眼果园模式可缓解土壤酸化,土壤结构有向好发展的趋势,但深层土壤中微小团聚体积累。综上所述,自然管理橡胶林模式显著提高土壤中>2 mm团聚体的比例,改善土壤团聚体稳定性,即合理的土地自然养护可以改善热带经济作物林土壤的养分循环及土壤结构稳定性。可见,为了优化热带经济林的土壤结构,在提高土壤肥力及改良土壤时,需适量提升有机物料输入以增加土壤有机质含量,并尽量减少人为耕作扰动。
  • 中国热带农业科学院国家热带农业科学中心科技创新团队项目(CATASCXTD202303)
  • 中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(1630022024001; 1630022025002)
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2025年第46卷第12期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.12.024
  • 接收时间:2025-08-04
  • 首发时间:2026-06-24
  • 出版时间:2025-12-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-08-04
  • 录用日期:2025-09-25
基金
中国热带农业科学院国家热带农业科学中心科技创新团队项目(CATASCXTD202303)
中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(1630022024001; 1630022025002)
作者信息
    1.新疆农业大学资源与环境学院,新疆乌鲁木齐 830052
    2.中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所/海口市土壤健康与养分资源高效利用重点实验室,海南海口 571101
    3.儋州橡胶林土壤环境海南省野外科学观测站,海南儋州 571737

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* 颜安(YAN An),E-mail:
林清火(LIN Qinghuo),E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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