Article(id=1276618500810600974, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276618341674520821, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.12.018, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1753891200000, receivedDateStr=2025-07-31, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1757347200000, acceptedDateStr=2025-09-09, onlineDate=1782299169017, onlineDateStr=2026-06-24, pubDate=1766592000000, pubDateStr=2025-12-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1782299169017, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1782299169017, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1782299169017, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1276618341674520821, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, year='2025', volume='46', issue='12', pageStart='2817', pageEnd='3084', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1766592000000', pubDateStr='2025-12-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1782299131077, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782299208862, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1276618668385637092, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276618341674520821, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1276618668385637093, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276618341674520821, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=3009, endPage=3020, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1276618501079036432, articleId=1276618500810600974, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=EN, title=Chemical Composition Analysis of Root Exudates from Cyperus rotundus and the Effects on Ralstonia solanacearum and Bacillus velezensis, columnId=1236292524264968282, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, columnName=Plant Protection & Bio-safety, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

This study aimed to investigate the effects of the root exudates from Cyperus rotundus, a common weed in Guizhou tabacco fields, on the tobacco bacterial wilt pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum strain AS-1 and the biocontrol agent Bacillus velezensis strain JXF-16. Non-targeted metabolomics (LC-MS) was employed to identify the chemical composition of C. rotundus root exudates and to explore the effects of specific bioactive constituents on the two bacterial strains. Turbidimetric assays were used to measure the impact of the active compounds on bacterial growth, crystal violet staining was applied to quantify biofilm formation, and semi-solid plate culture assays were conducted to assess bacterial motility. Additionally, pot experiments were performed to evaluate the efficacy of the exogenous active compounds in controlling bacterial wilt. Results revealed that a total of 21 types of chemical compounds and 3176 active substances were detected by LC-MS. At the concentration of 50 μmol/L, myristic acid, 4-ethyloctanoic acid, ligustrazine and betaine significantly promoted the growth, biofilm formation and motility of R. solanacearum. However, at higher concentrations, the compounds exhibited inhibitory effects on bacterial growth and biofilm formation. Tetramethylpyrazine (50 μmol/L) and betaine (100 μmol/L) significantly enhanced the growth, biofilm formation and motility of B. velezensis. Conversely, lauric acid and 2-dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid at concentrations above 50 μmol/L significantly inhibited the growth, biofilm formation, and motility of both R. solanacearum and B. velezensis. Pot experiments demonstrated that lauric acid and 2-dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid at 150 μmol/L and 200 μmol/L effectively controlled bacterial wilt, with the relative control efficacies surpassing those of chemical pesticides and biocontrol agents. Notably, 2-dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid at 200 μmol/L achieved a control efficacy of 80.28%. The results would provide important theoretical insights into the role of C. rotundus root exudates within the tobacco field ecosystem and lay an applied foundation for developing novel bioactive compound-based strategies to control tobacco bacterial wilt.

, authors=null, authorsList=Hongmei WU, Haofeng WU, Haixia DING, Zhengzheng LU, Lijuan PENG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Lijuan PENG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1276618504417702432, articleId=1276618500810600974, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=CN, title=香附子根系分泌物成分鉴定及其对青枯菌和贝莱斯芽孢杆菌的影响, columnId=1236292524520820846, journalTitle=热带作物学报, columnName=植物保护与生物安全, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

本研究旨在探究贵州烟田杂草香附子(Cyperus rotundus)根系分泌物对烟草青枯病病原菌青枯雷尔氏菌(Ralstonia solanacearum)AS-1和生防菌贝莱斯芽孢杆菌(Bacillus velezensis)JXF-16的影响。采用非靶向代谢组学(LC-MS)技术对香附子根系分泌物的化学组成进行鉴定,并探究根系分泌物中部分活性物质对上述2种细菌的影响。使用比浊法测定根系分泌物活性物质对青枯菌和贝莱斯芽孢杆菌生长量的影响;采用结晶紫染色法测定其对细菌生物膜形成量的影响;利用半固体平板培养法评估其对青枯菌和贝莱斯芽孢杆菌运动活性的影响;最后通过盆栽防治试验评价外源活性物质对烟草青枯病的防治效果。结果表明:通过LC-MS分析共鉴定出21类化合物,共计3176种活性物质,其中肉豆蔻酸、4-乙基辛酸、川芎嗪和甜菜碱4种物质在浓度为50 μmol/L时均显著促进青枯菌生长与生物膜形成,并促进其运动活性,但高浓度下4种物质均对其生长和生物膜形成呈抑制作用;50 μmol/L川芎嗪和100 μmol/L甜菜碱可有效促进贝莱斯芽孢杆菌生长和生物膜形成,并增强其运动活性;月桂酸和2-十二烷基苯磺酸浓度高于50 μmol/L时均对青枯菌和贝莱斯芽孢杆菌的生长、生物膜形成及运动活性产生显著抑制作用(P<0.05)。盆栽防治试验表明,150、200 μmol/L月桂酸和2-十二烷基苯磺酸对青枯病均具有较好防治效果,且相对防效均高于化学农药和生防菌处理,其中200 μmol/L 2-十二烷基苯磺酸的相对防效高达80.28%。该研究结果不仅为阐释香附子根系分泌物在烟田生态系统中的作用机制提供重要理论依据,也为研发基于活性物质的烟草青枯病新型防治措施奠定基础。

, authors=

吴洪梅(2000—),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:植物病害生物防治。

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* 彭丽娟(PENG Lijuan),E-mail:
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吴洪梅(2000—),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:植物病害生物防治。

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吴洪梅(2000—),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:植物病害生物防治。

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每个点表示1个样品,同组样品使用相同颜色表示,A为测定样品(Cr),B为质控样品(QC)。

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A、B分别为培养12 h和24 h的青枯菌生长量;C、D分别为培养12 h和24 h的贝莱斯芽孢杆菌生长量。不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=MuOLxho2o+Lf4jS1Yjdmow==, figureFileBig=wysI91Q+rVX6dHK+6LX9Ag==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276618518300848737, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618500810600974, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Effects of active substances of root exudates on growth of strains under the condition of basic medium, figureFileSmall=DCgufh87LUzNLKaTmxG+KQ==, figureFileBig=s4UZS3m71e2W9ieKJZSUxQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276618518380540514, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618500810600974, language=CN, label=图5, caption=基本培养基条件下根系分泌物活性物质对菌株生长量的影响

A、B分别为培养12 h和24 h的青枯菌生长量;C、D分别为培养12 h和24 h的贝莱斯芽孢杆菌生长量。不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=DCgufh87LUzNLKaTmxG+KQ==, figureFileBig=s4UZS3m71e2W9ieKJZSUxQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276618518439260771, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618500810600974, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=Effects of active substances in root exudates on biofilm formation of strains, figureFileSmall=t84AeDanRCs3Bl3F8HikZQ==, figureFileBig=Nc+oOrNQTDtxy7Lkg92FHA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276618518531535460, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618500810600974, language=CN, label=图6, caption=根系分泌物活性物质对菌株生物膜形成的影响

A、B分别为培养12 h和24 h的青枯菌生物膜形成量;C、D分别为培养12 h和24 h的贝莱斯芽孢杆菌生物膜形成量。不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=t84AeDanRCs3Bl3F8HikZQ==, figureFileBig=Nc+oOrNQTDtxy7Lkg92FHA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276618518590255717, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618500810600974, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=Effects of active substances in root exudates on the motility of R. solanacearum (A) and B. velezensis (B), figureFileSmall=AZGwYWm4p1xYFkAafWcLMg==, figureFileBig=I2VSFUktw7vCgdv0YIoEPA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276618518657364582, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618500810600974, language=CN, label=图7, caption=根系分泌物活性物质对青枯菌(A)和贝莱斯芽孢杆菌(B)运动性的影响

不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。

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Active substances in root exudates of C. rotundus for experiment

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化学名称Chemical name保留时间Retention time/min相对含量Comparative content相对含量排序Order of relative content
川芎嗪2.51563 183 000.67217
肉豆蔻酸7.6414216 508.526218
甜菜碱2.5760200 125.970238
月桂酸7.2063193 835.784248
4-乙基辛酸6.8081128 379.596364
2-十二烷基苯磺酸8.314268 760.116672
), ArticleFig(id=1276618518799970920, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618500810600974, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

香附子根系分泌物中用于试验的活性物质

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化学名称Chemical name保留时间Retention time/min相对含量Comparative content相对含量排序Order of relative content
川芎嗪2.51563 183 000.67217
肉豆蔻酸7.6414216 508.526218
甜菜碱2.5760200 125.970238
月桂酸7.2063193 835.784248
4-乙基辛酸6.8081128 379.596364
2-十二烷基苯磺酸8.314268 760.116672
), ArticleFig(id=1276618518875468393, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618500810600974, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Control effect of different treatments on tobacco bacterial wilt

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理Treatment发病率Incidence/%病情指数Disease index相对防效Relative control effect/%
CK56.6736.67
45%春雷·喹啉铜悬浮剂37.7813.0965.13±2.26c
JXF-1633.3311.1170.39±2.69bc
150 μmol/L月桂酸31.1110.3772.10±2.63b
150 μμmol/L 2-十二烷基苯磺酸28.899.8873.74±1.86ab
200 μμmol/L月桂酸30.009.5173.60±1.9ab
200 μμmol/L 2-十二烷基苯磺酸24.447.4180.28±3.12a
), ArticleFig(id=1276618518946771562, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618500810600974, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同处理对烟草青枯病的防治效果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理Treatment发病率Incidence/%病情指数Disease index相对防效Relative control effect/%
CK56.6736.67
45%春雷·喹啉铜悬浮剂37.7813.0965.13±2.26c
JXF-1633.3311.1170.39±2.69bc
150 μmol/L月桂酸31.1110.3772.10±2.63b
150 μμmol/L 2-十二烷基苯磺酸28.899.8873.74±1.86ab
200 μμmol/L月桂酸30.009.5173.60±1.9ab
200 μμmol/L 2-十二烷基苯磺酸24.447.4180.28±3.12a
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香附子根系分泌物成分鉴定及其对青枯菌和贝莱斯芽孢杆菌的影响
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吴洪梅 1 , 吴浩锋 1 , 丁海霞 2 , 陆铮铮 3 , 彭丽娟 1, 4, *
热带作物学报 | 植物保护与生物安全 2025,46(12): 3009-3020
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热带作物学报 |植物保护与生物安全 2025 , 46 (12) : 3009 -3020
香附子根系分泌物成分鉴定及其对青枯菌和贝莱斯芽孢杆菌的影响
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吴洪梅1, 吴浩锋1, 丁海霞2, 陆铮铮3, 彭丽娟1, 4, *
作者信息
  • 1.贵州大学烟草学院,贵州贵阳 550025
  • 2.贵州大学农学院,贵州贵阳 550025
  • 3.遵义师范学院,贵州遵义 563002
  • 4.贵州省烟草提质增效全省重点实验室,贵州贵阳 550025
通讯作者:
* 彭丽娟(PENG Lijuan),E-mail:
Chemical Composition Analysis of Root Exudates from Cyperus rotundus and the Effects on Ralstonia solanacearum and Bacillus velezensis
Hongmei WU1, Haofeng WU1, Haixia DING2, Zhengzheng LU3, Lijuan PENG1, 4, *
Affiliations
  • 1.College of Tobacco Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
  • 2.College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
  • 3.Zunyi Normal University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563002, China
  • 4.Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Tobacco Quality and Efficiency Improvement, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
出版时间: 2025-12-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.12.018
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本研究旨在探究贵州烟田杂草香附子(Cyperus rotundus)根系分泌物对烟草青枯病病原菌青枯雷尔氏菌(Ralstonia solanacearum)AS-1和生防菌贝莱斯芽孢杆菌(Bacillus velezensis)JXF-16的影响。采用非靶向代谢组学(LC-MS)技术对香附子根系分泌物的化学组成进行鉴定,并探究根系分泌物中部分活性物质对上述2种细菌的影响。使用比浊法测定根系分泌物活性物质对青枯菌和贝莱斯芽孢杆菌生长量的影响;采用结晶紫染色法测定其对细菌生物膜形成量的影响;利用半固体平板培养法评估其对青枯菌和贝莱斯芽孢杆菌运动活性的影响;最后通过盆栽防治试验评价外源活性物质对烟草青枯病的防治效果。结果表明:通过LC-MS分析共鉴定出21类化合物,共计3176种活性物质,其中肉豆蔻酸、4-乙基辛酸、川芎嗪和甜菜碱4种物质在浓度为50 μmol/L时均显著促进青枯菌生长与生物膜形成,并促进其运动活性,但高浓度下4种物质均对其生长和生物膜形成呈抑制作用;50 μmol/L川芎嗪和100 μmol/L甜菜碱可有效促进贝莱斯芽孢杆菌生长和生物膜形成,并增强其运动活性;月桂酸和2-十二烷基苯磺酸浓度高于50 μmol/L时均对青枯菌和贝莱斯芽孢杆菌的生长、生物膜形成及运动活性产生显著抑制作用(P<0.05)。盆栽防治试验表明,150、200 μmol/L月桂酸和2-十二烷基苯磺酸对青枯病均具有较好防治效果,且相对防效均高于化学农药和生防菌处理,其中200 μmol/L 2-十二烷基苯磺酸的相对防效高达80.28%。该研究结果不仅为阐释香附子根系分泌物在烟田生态系统中的作用机制提供重要理论依据,也为研发基于活性物质的烟草青枯病新型防治措施奠定基础。

香附子  /  青枯菌  /  根系分泌物  /  烟草  /  生长量  /  生物膜  /  运动活性

This study aimed to investigate the effects of the root exudates from Cyperus rotundus, a common weed in Guizhou tabacco fields, on the tobacco bacterial wilt pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum strain AS-1 and the biocontrol agent Bacillus velezensis strain JXF-16. Non-targeted metabolomics (LC-MS) was employed to identify the chemical composition of C. rotundus root exudates and to explore the effects of specific bioactive constituents on the two bacterial strains. Turbidimetric assays were used to measure the impact of the active compounds on bacterial growth, crystal violet staining was applied to quantify biofilm formation, and semi-solid plate culture assays were conducted to assess bacterial motility. Additionally, pot experiments were performed to evaluate the efficacy of the exogenous active compounds in controlling bacterial wilt. Results revealed that a total of 21 types of chemical compounds and 3176 active substances were detected by LC-MS. At the concentration of 50 μmol/L, myristic acid, 4-ethyloctanoic acid, ligustrazine and betaine significantly promoted the growth, biofilm formation and motility of R. solanacearum. However, at higher concentrations, the compounds exhibited inhibitory effects on bacterial growth and biofilm formation. Tetramethylpyrazine (50 μmol/L) and betaine (100 μmol/L) significantly enhanced the growth, biofilm formation and motility of B. velezensis. Conversely, lauric acid and 2-dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid at concentrations above 50 μmol/L significantly inhibited the growth, biofilm formation, and motility of both R. solanacearum and B. velezensis. Pot experiments demonstrated that lauric acid and 2-dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid at 150 μmol/L and 200 μmol/L effectively controlled bacterial wilt, with the relative control efficacies surpassing those of chemical pesticides and biocontrol agents. Notably, 2-dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid at 200 μmol/L achieved a control efficacy of 80.28%. The results would provide important theoretical insights into the role of C. rotundus root exudates within the tobacco field ecosystem and lay an applied foundation for developing novel bioactive compound-based strategies to control tobacco bacterial wilt.

Cyperus rotundus  /  Ralstonia solanacearum  /  root exudates  /  tabacco  /  growth  /  biofilm  /  motility activity
吴洪梅, 吴浩锋, 丁海霞, 陆铮铮, 彭丽娟. 香附子根系分泌物成分鉴定及其对青枯菌和贝莱斯芽孢杆菌的影响. 热带作物学报, 2025 , 46 (12) : 3009 -3020 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.12.018
Hongmei WU, Haofeng WU, Haixia DING, Zhengzheng LU, Lijuan PENG. Chemical Composition Analysis of Root Exudates from Cyperus rotundus and the Effects on Ralstonia solanacearum and Bacillus velezensis[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2025 , 46 (12) : 3009 -3020 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.12.018
烟草青枯病是由青枯雷尔氏菌(Ralstonia solanacearum)引起的毁灭性土传病害,严重危害烟草生产。该病原菌寄主范围广泛,可侵染烟草、番茄、马铃薯和辣椒等多种作物[1]。在自然环境中,植物病原细菌通过持续侵染寄主并定殖于非寄主植物根际来存活[2]。方树民等[3]研究证实,烟草青枯菌能在香附子(Cyperus rotundus)、马齿苋(Portulaca oleracea)、胜红蓟(Ageratum conyzoides)等多种杂草根部定殖,表明杂草在青枯病传播中起重要作用。研究发现,香附子根系分泌物可诱导多种微生物聚集[4],青枯菌可被香附子根系分泌物募集,并利用其根分泌物增殖与存活[5]。本课题组前期调查发现,香附子是贵州省兴义、黔南及安顺烟田的优势杂草,其块茎可被青枯病菌定殖并越冬,成为翌年病害初侵染源。
根系分泌物作为植物-环境微生物-环境条件连接的重要枢纽[6],微生物凭借趋化感应,向富含根系分泌物的根际土壤及根表面运动,进而驱动植物与土壤微生物间的相互作用[7]。植物可通过根系分泌物募集有益微生物以增强植物的抗逆性和抗病性,如阿魏酸甲酯能抑制烟草疫霉(Phytophthora nicotianae),并富集根际芽孢杆菌抵御烟草黑胫病[8];同时病原菌也可通过植物根系分泌物的化学趋近性靠近寄主进行定殖侵染与繁殖[9],青枯菌可利用植物分泌物中的L-谷氨酸以增强其致病性并产生多种毒力[10]。姜(Zingiber officinale)的根分泌物刺激菊(Chrysanthemum morifolium)的根释放特异性代谢物,促进伯克霍尔德菌属(Burkholderia)的生长和生物膜形成,进而调控根茎微生物组成[11],表明植物能够感知邻近植物的化学信号,并通过调节根系分泌物组成以调整募集的根际微生物[12]
因此,本研究通过对烟田杂草香附子根系分泌物成分进行分析,将外源活性物质与菌株进行共培养,评价各活性物质对病原微生物青枯雷尔氏菌及其拮抗菌株贝莱斯芽孢杆菌的生长、生物膜形成以及运动活性的影响,结合盆栽防效验证,旨在阐明香附子根系分泌物对青枯菌及其拮抗菌的生态驱动机制,为烟草青枯病的科学防治提供理论依据。
香附子植株采自贵州省安顺市杨武镇烟田(26°03′N,106°19′E)。
供试菌株青枯雷尔氏菌(AS-1)和贝莱斯芽孢杆菌(JXF-16)由笔者分别从感病烟株根际土壤和香附子根际土壤中分离、鉴定所得,保藏于–80 ℃超低温冰箱,备用。
供试烟草品种为云烟87,由贵州省烟草提质增效全省重点实验室提供。
主要试剂:月桂酸、肉豆蔻酸、4-乙基辛酸、2-十二烷基苯磺酸、川芎嗪和甜菜碱,由上海麦克林生化科技有限公司生产,均为分析纯;45%春雷·喹啉铜悬浮剂,由兴农药业(中国)有限公司生产。
供试培养基:NA培养基用于活化培养菌株;CPG培养基和M63培养基[KH2PO413.609 g,MgSO4·7H2O 0.120 g,KOH 4.200 g,FeSO4·7H2O 0.592 mg,(NH42SO41.980 g,葡萄糖3.960 g]用于测定在营养条件和基本条件下的菌株生长量;CPG半固体培养基(葡萄糖0.508 g,水解酪蛋白0.100 g,蛋白胨1.000 g,琼脂粉0.325 g,纯水定容至100 mL)用于测定菌株运动活性。
采用水培直接提取法[13-14]收集香附子根系分泌物。将烟田采集的香附子植株的根系洗净,置于盛有500 mL霍格兰氏营养液的培养瓶中,待根系修复72 h后,取出,用1%次氯酸钠浸泡消毒5 min,用无菌UP水冲洗根系7次,每次1 min,洗净后将香附子植株移入200 mL用锡箔纸包裹的避光锥形瓶中,加无菌UP水至根系全部浸没,置于28~30 ℃室温下自然光照培养72 h后收集培养液;收集液经新华1号滤纸抽滤后,进行冷冻干燥,产物置于–80 ℃保存。每12株香附子收集的根系分泌物混合作为1个样本,共制备5个生物学重复样本。5份冻干样品研磨至粉末状,分别装入样品袋备用。委托武汉迈维代谢生物科技股份有限公司完成非靶向代谢测试,利用LC-MS超高效液相色谱仪测定香附子根系分泌物样品。
对香附子根系分泌物组成成分进行分析后,以实际生产中可应用并具安全性、功能潜力、获取的便捷性以及应用成本等原则进行考量,选取月桂酸、肉豆蔻酸、4-乙基辛酸、2-十二烷基苯磺酸、川芎嗪和甜菜碱6种活性物质开展后续试验。各活性物质均用无水乙醇分别配制成浓度为10 mmol/L的母液,经0.22 μm微孔滤膜过滤除菌后,避光保存于4 ℃冰箱,备用[15]。采用半合成培养基(CPG营养培养基)与全合成培养基(M63基本培养基)测定各活性物质对青枯菌和贝莱斯芽孢杆菌生长的影响。
CPG营养培养基培养条件:将不同体积的各活性物质母液加入到30 mL液体CPG培养基中,使各活性物质的终浓度分别为50、100、150、200 μmol/L。以等体积的无水乙醇加入到30 mL的液体CPG培养基中,作为对应浓度的溶剂对照,以排除溶剂对实验造成的干扰;以等体积的无菌水加至30 mL的液体CPG培养基中作为对应浓度的空白对照(CK);取30 μL OD600为1.0的青枯菌菌液和贝莱斯芽孢杆菌菌液分别接入上述各浓度的含药培养基中,置于30 ℃ 200 r/min条件下振荡培养12、24 h,于600 nm波长下测定样品的吸光度,即为该处理下对应菌株的生长量,记录并计算各活性物质对菌株生长量的抑制率。抑制率=(CK生长量–处理组生长量)/CK生长量×100%。M63基本培养基处理与CPG培养基处理步骤相同。
采用结晶紫染色法[15-16]定量检测青枯菌(AS-1)和贝莱斯芽孢杆菌(JXF-16)的生物膜。将不同体积的活性物质母液加入液体CPG培养基中,制成终浓度为50、100、150、200 μmol/L的含药培养基,吸取5 mL各浓度的含药培养基分装至10 mL的无菌离心管中,再向离心管中分别接入5 μL OD600为1.0的青枯菌和贝莱斯芽孢杆菌菌液。充分混匀后,吸取200 μL各处理培养液至无菌96孔培养板中。将培养板分别置于30 ℃恒温培养箱中静置培养12、24 h。培养结束后,使用无菌RO水洗涤3次去除培养物,并置于室温下干燥30 min。然后向每孔加入210 μL 0.5%结晶紫溶液进行生物膜染色,于25 ℃下静置染色30 min后,用无菌RO水清洗3次去除结晶紫溶液,置于室温干燥30 min。干燥结束后向每孔加入220 μL 95%乙醇,于25 ℃密闭静置10 min以溶解吸附于生物膜上的结晶紫。充分溶解后,使用酶标仪测定590 nm波长下各孔的吸光度,以此作为各处理条件下生物膜形成量的指标。分别测定培养12、24 h后生物膜的形成量。记录并计算各活性物质对菌株生物膜形成的抑制率。抑制率=(CK生物膜形成量–处理组生物膜形成量)/CK生物膜形成量×100%。
将菌株AS-1和JXF-16接种至含药浓度为50、100、150、200 μmol/L的液体CPG培养基,置于30 ℃ 200 r/min的恒温摇床中振荡培养12 h[17],试验步骤同1.2.2。向CPG半固体平板的3个点分别垂滴1.5 μL振荡培养后的菌液,于30 ℃恒温暗培养24 h后,对菌落生长情况进行观察,并对每个培养皿中3个接种点形成的菌落直径进行测定。运动性计算公式:运动性=培养后直径(mm)–起始接菌直径(mm)
基于根系分泌物活性物质对AS-1生长量、生物膜形成及运动性影响的试验结果,选择对AS-1生长具显著抑制作用的活性物质开展盆栽防治试验,并以拮抗菌JXF-16菌液处理为生物防治对照。通过开展施用浓度筛选试验,确定活性物质具防治效果的浓度区间。
分别挑取AS-1和JXF-16单菌落于NA液体培养基中,置于恒温振荡器于30 ℃ 200 r/min振荡培养12 h后,用无菌水将AS-1菌液浓度调至1×107 CFU/mL,将JXF-16菌液浓度调至1×108 CFU/mL。烟苗长至五叶一心时进行处理,每株烟苗均采用伤根灌根法接种20 mL有效浓度为1×107 CFU/mL的青枯菌液[18]。各处理如下:(1)根系分泌物活性物质溶液。青枯病害发生后,立即施用活性物质溶液。依据浓度筛选试验结果确定施用浓度,每株烟苗灌药液20 mL,施用1次。(2)化学农药。青枯病害发生后,立即施用45%春雷·喹啉铜悬浮剂进行化学防治,原液稀释1000倍,每株烟苗灌药液20 mL,施用1次。(3)JXF-16菌液。每株烟苗灌根20 mL有效浓度为1× 108 CFU/mL的JXF-16菌液,烟苗移栽时处理1次,接种青枯菌发病后立即施用1次,共2次。(4)CK。以加无菌水作对照,每株烟苗灌根20 mL无菌水。将各处理烟株置于温室内,每处理3个重复,每个重复10株烟苗。接种病原青枯菌后,每12 h观察烟株生长状况及发病情况,病害发生后立即进行各防治处理,并每隔3 d调查1次病害,共调查3次,按照国家标准GB/T 23222—2008计算发病率、病情指数及相对防治效果[19]
采用SPSS 29.0软件分析试验数据,通过单因素方差统计分析检验不同活性物质对青枯菌(AS-1)和贝莱斯芽孢杆菌(JXF-16)生长量、生物膜的形成量以及运动活性的影响,并用Tukey法进行多重比较,显著性水平设定P<0.05。
对香附子根系分泌物的各独立样本进行PCA分析,结果如图1所示,5个根系分泌物重复样本之间的重复性较好,组内差异低,无偏离样本。
LC-MS检测结果表明,共检测到21类化合物3176种代谢物(图2),其中氨基酸及其衍生物占比较高(22.27%),其次是有机酸(13.43%)。而由图3可知,总离子流曲线重叠性高、峰分离效果好,数据可靠性高。
通过对香附子根系分泌物组成进行分析,以安全性、功能潜力、获取的便捷性、应用成本作为选择原则,选择有机酸类的月桂酸(lauric acid)、肉豆蔻酸(myristic acid)、4-乙基辛酸(4-ethyloctanoic acid)、2-十二烷基苯磺酸(2-dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid)以及生物碱类的川芎嗪(ligustrazine)、甜菜碱(betaine)开展后续研究(表1),探究这6种物质对青枯菌和贝莱斯芽孢杆菌的影响。
营养条件下,在培养12 h和24 h后测定各活性物质对AS-1和JXF-16生长的影响。结果表明,培养12 h后,与CK相比,50 μmol/L肉豆蔻酸、4-乙基辛酸、川芎嗪、甜菜碱对AS-1的生长具显著促进作用,生长量分别增加9.30%、5.83%、5.70%、5.53%。浓度为100 μmol/L时,与CK相比仅甜菜碱具有显著促进作用,生长量增加了15.90%。而浓度为150 μmol/L和200 μmol/L时,所有活性物质均抑制AS-1的生长,抑制率最高可达90.30%(图4A)。培养至24 h,50 μmol/L肉豆蔻酸、4-乙基辛酸、川芎嗪、甜菜碱仍表现为显著促进作用,但随着浓度升高,所有活性物质逐渐对AS-1生长产生抑制作用或无显著影响(图4B)。
培养12 h后,与CK相比,仅50 μmol/L甜菜碱对JXF-16生长具显著促进作用,生长量增加7.10%(图4C)。培养至24 h,与CK相比,月桂酸在50 μmol/L时对JXF-16的生长具有显著促进作用,生长量增加7.70%,但浓度高于50 μmol/L时均表现为显著抑制作用,在200 μmol/L时抑制率高达97.20%;100 μmol/L肉豆蔻酸、4-乙基辛酸均表现显著促进作用;150 μmol/L浓度下仅4-乙基辛酸表现显著促进作用;200 μmol/L的肉豆蔻酸、川芎嗪、甜菜碱仍对JXF-16生长具一定促进作用(图4D)。其中月桂酸高于50 μmol/L时对2个菌株生长均表现显著抑制作用,而2-十二烷基苯磺酸在4个浓度下均显著抑制青枯菌和贝莱斯芽孢杆菌的生长。
基本培养基条件下,培养12 h和24 h后分别测量AS-1的生长量。结果表明,培养12 h,50 μmol/L月桂酸和4-乙基辛酸对AS-1的生长无显著影响,即不促进也不抑制,但随着浓度升高所有物质对AS-1的生长均产生显著抑制作用(图5A)。培养至24 h,浓度为50 μmol/L时,除2-十二烷基苯磺酸呈显著抑制作用外,月桂酸、肉豆蔻酸、4-乙基辛酸、川芎嗪和甜菜碱对AS-1生长均无显著影响;浓度为100 μmol/L时,月桂酸、4-乙基辛酸、甜菜碱对AS-1的生长仍无显著影响,而肉豆蔻酸、2-十二烷基苯磺酸、川芎嗪则呈显著抑制作用;浓度为150 μmol/L和200 μmol/L时,所有活性物质均抑制AS-1的生长(图5B)。
图5C和图5D所示,培养12 h,50 μmol/L川芎嗪、150 μmol/L甜菜碱能促进JXF-16的生长,与CK相比,生长量分别增加13.24%和7.00%;在培养24 h时,仅50 μmol/L甜菜碱表现显著促进作用,其生长量比CK增加10.90%,其余活性物质在各浓度下均抑制JXF-16的生长。
通过结晶紫染色法测定生物膜的形成量,如图6A和图6B所示,培养12 h,除浓度为150 μmol/L和200 μmol/L的2-十二烷基苯磺酸对AS-1生物膜的形成表现出一定抑制作用,其余活性物质在4个浓度下均表现出一定促进作用或无显著影响。其中肉豆蔻酸处理随着浓度增加其促进作用呈递增趋势,最高增加122.57%。但培养24 h时,除100 μmol/L甜菜碱无显著影响外,其余活性物质均显著抑制AS-1生物膜形成。
图6C和图6D所示,与CK相比,培养12、24 h,100 μmol/L甜菜碱均对JXF-16生物膜形成表现出显著的促进作用,分别增加19.03%和4.03%;培养24 h,50 μmol/L川芎嗪具显著促进作用,当浓度为100 μmol/L以上时,所有活性物质均表现出显著的抑制效应,其中,200 μmol/L 2-十二烷基苯磺酸的抑制率高达85.60%。
采用半固体平板培养法测定各活性物质对AS-1和JXF-16运动活性的影响。结果表明,6种活性物质在各浓度下均能促进AS-1和JXF-16的运动活性(图7)。浓度为50 μmol/L时,与CK相比,6种活性物质均显著促进AS-1的运动性,运动直径提高16.08%~46.36%;当浓度高于50 μmol/L时,除甜菜碱外,其余活性物质对AS-1的运动性无显著影响或呈抑制作用。而甜菜碱对AS-1运动性的促进作用无浓度差异(图7A)。
在4个浓度下,肉豆蔻酸、4-乙基辛酸、川芎嗪均能促进JXF-16的运动活性,其中以川芎嗪促进效果最佳,最高可提高149.97%;100、150 μmol/L甜菜碱均表现促进作用;月桂酸和2-十二烷基苯磺酸在各浓度下对JXF-16运动性均表现为抑制作用,且当2-十二烷基苯磺酸浓度高于50 μmol/L时,其菌落直径为0(图7B)。而对AS-1,月桂酸和2-十二烷基苯磺酸仅在50 μmol/L浓度时表现为促进作用,高于50 μmol/L时均表现为抑制作用。
上述研究表明,月桂酸和2-十二烷基苯磺酸对青枯菌生长具有显著抑制作用,因此选择月桂酸和2-十二烷基苯磺酸开展盆栽防治试验。在前期开展的施用浓度筛选试验中,当施于盆栽中的月桂酸和2-十二烷基苯磺酸浓度>100 μmol/L时,2种活性物质的防治效果达70.00%以上,且当浓度≥200 μmol/L时,2种活性物质的防效无显著浓度差异。因此,选择150 μmol/L和200 μmol/L两个浓度开展月桂酸和2-十二烷基苯磺酸盆栽防治试验。
表2所示,200 μmol/L 2-十二烷基苯磺酸的相对防效最佳,平均相对防效达80.28%,与春雷·喹啉铜相比,其相对防效提高了15.15个百分点,而与JXF-16菌液相比,则提高了9.89个百分点;其次为150 μmol/L 2-十二烷基苯磺酸和200 μmol/L月桂酸,二者的相对防效无显著差异,与春雷·喹啉铜相比,相对防效分别提高了8.61和8.47个百分点;JXF-16菌液与春雷·喹啉铜的相对防效均低于活性物质,其中JXF-16菌液的相对防效高于春雷·喹啉铜。
生物膜能够促进微生物在寄主植物与土壤中的定殖[20-21],生物膜的形成既是青枯菌适应宿主微环境的重要方式,也是发挥青枯菌毒力的核心因素[22]。而细菌的运动机制及其趋化性在微生物的环境适应性及种间竞争中也扮演着至关重要的角色。相较于趋化性,细菌的运动性亦是一项关键的生物学特性,该特性显著增强了细菌在微生态中的定殖与侵染能力[23-24]。有机酸与生物碱类活性成分对革兰氏阴性菌(如青枯菌)与革兰氏阳性菌(如贝莱斯芽孢杆菌)的作用效果存在较大差异。50 μmol/L低浓度月桂酸和2-十二烷基苯磺酸可促进青枯菌生物膜的形成并促进其运动活性,但二者在各浓度下均抑制贝莱斯芽孢杆菌的生长、生物膜形成和运动活性。表明月桂酸和2-十二烷基苯磺酸对革兰氏阳性菌的抑制作用强于革兰氏阴性菌,可能与革兰氏阴性菌的双层膜系统有关[25]。月桂酸盐和2-十二烷基苯磺酸可作为表面活性剂,导致胞质外泄[26]。同时2-十二烷基苯磺酸及其盐类常在土壤修复中作为洗脱剂,能够有效去除土壤中的铬污染以及杂环类农药残留[27-28]。盆栽防效试验表明,150、200 μmol/L月桂酸和2-十二烷基苯磺酸对青枯病均具有较好防治效果,且相对防效均高于化学农药和生防菌处理,其中200 μmol/L 2-十二烷基苯磺酸的相对防效高达80.28%。月桂酸盐和2-十二烷基苯磺酸作为生物防治的辅助抗菌剂,可通过降解环境污染物与抑制病原菌抑制发挥双重作用,但需进一步评估其在土壤中的残留对生态系统及微生物多样性的影响,以及对土壤生物的毒性。
肉豆蔻酸、4-乙基辛酸、川芎嗪、甜菜碱为低浓度(50 μmol/L时),在营养培养基中均能促进青枯菌的生长,刺激细胞膜的形成并诱导其运动。但随着浓度增加各物质均表现为抑制作用,表明青枯菌对这4种物质存在浓度依赖的双重效应[29]。李石力[15]的研究表明,肉豆蔻酸可在低浓度下诱导青枯菌生物膜形成,上调epsE基因表达,增强运动性和根部定殖能力;当其浓度升高时,长链疏水结构可能破坏细胞膜完整性,干扰膜蛋白功能,导致其对细菌的生长表现出抑制效果。甜菜碱是一种季铵型生物碱,低浓度下作为渗透压调节剂可稳定细胞膜,维持细胞水分平衡,提高微环境溶氧利用率,可促进菌体生长[30];而较高浓度的甜菜碱因过度改变膜通透性,可导致胞质外泄,破坏代谢稳态,改变渗透势,抑制自由扩散类的营养物质吸收,导致菌体生长受限[31]。相关研究表明,生物碱类的哈尔明碱在一定浓度范围内也能抑制生物膜的形成[32]。有机酸类分泌物基本均可抑制芽孢杆菌的生长量,但短时间低浓度的培养条件下各活性物质均能促进青枯菌生长。在基本培养基中培养24 h,低浓度的肉豆蔻酸、4-乙基辛酸、川芎嗪、甜菜碱对青枯菌生长既不促进也不抑制,这与营养培养基中这些物质显著促进生长的现象相反,表明这些物质并非青枯菌生长所需的主要碳源或氮源,推测在营养条件下,部分物质的促进作用源于营养基质与代谢刺激的协同效应。相关基因的表达调控机制需通过转录组分析进一步验证。
草酸、柠檬酸等有机酸低浓度下可促进青枯菌的生物膜形成,而高浓度则抑制[33]。4-乙基辛酸的作用机制可能与多数有机酸相似,其通过干预细胞膜的渗透性及能量代谢过程对青枯菌的生长产生影响。研究显示,低浓度的有机酸能够激活细菌的化学感应系统(如CheA/CheY途径),进而提升细菌的运动能力和趋化性,有利于营养物质的吸收和定殖[34]。但在高浓度条件下,有机酸可干扰细胞膜引起膜通透性的增加、离子泄漏以及能量的耗散,进而使得青枯菌生长受限[35]。本研究中,在50 μmol/L低浓度下,培养12 h时除2-十二烷基苯磺酸外,其余活性物质均促进青枯菌生物膜形成,但培养24 h时则均表现为抑制作用。对贝莱斯芽孢杆菌而言,仅川芎嗪和甜菜碱在一定浓度下对其生物膜形成具促进效果,其余物质均抑制贝莱斯芽孢杆菌生物膜的形成。表明在生物膜的成熟阶段,生物膜对多种活性物质的敏感性显著增强。随着时间的推移,物质的累积可能引发毒性效应,从而产生抑制作用。
通过比较不同活性物质对青枯菌和贝莱斯芽孢杆菌生物膜的影响,发现香附子根系分泌物在低浓度条件下可促进青枯菌生物膜形成,而对芽孢杆菌生物膜则大部分表现出抑制作用。此外,青枯菌对香附子根系分泌物表现出较高耐受性,在中高浓度条件下才显示出抑制效果。相比之下,贝莱斯芽孢杆菌对香附子根系分泌物部分活性物质耐受性较低,在低浓度条件下即表现出抑制作用。
综上所述,6种外源性活性物质对青枯菌与贝莱斯芽孢杆菌的作用表现出较大差异。其中,月桂酸和2-十二烷基苯磺酸均表现出抑制活性,且对革兰氏阳性菌贝莱斯芽孢杆菌的抑制效果显著强于革兰氏阴性菌青枯菌。肉豆蔻酸、4-乙基辛酸、川芎嗪、甜菜碱在中低浓度条件下能够促进青枯菌的增殖,并诱导其生物膜的形成以及运动能力的提升。川芎嗪和甜菜碱分别在50 μmol/L和100 μmol/L浓度下能促进贝莱斯芽孢杆菌的生长,同时诱导其生物膜的形成及运动活性。香附子根系分泌物对青枯菌的作用具有双重性:促进性物质(如肉豆蔻酸、4-乙基辛酸、川芎嗪、甜菜碱)含量高于抑制性物质(如月桂酸和2-十二烷基苯磺酸),可能通过竞争生态位或干扰致病信号,导致杂草香附子虽携带青枯菌却不发病。这些结果支持了香附子根系分泌物能够吸引青枯菌并抑制拮抗菌进而提高烟田青枯病发病率的猜想,为开发针对青枯菌的新型农药提供理论基础和潜在靶点。
通过添加有机酸类和生物碱类外源物共培养青枯菌和贝莱斯芽孢杆菌,分析其对菌株生长、生物膜形成以及运动活性的影响,并验证部分活性物质对青枯病的防效,主要得到以下结论:
(1)低浓度(50 μmol/L)的肉豆蔻酸、4-乙基辛酸、川芎嗪和甜菜碱显著促进青枯菌的生长、生物膜的形成及运动活性;50 μmol/L川芎嗪和100 μmol/L甜菜碱对贝莱斯芽孢杆菌具有类似促进作用;50 μmol/L月桂酸可促进青枯菌生物膜的形成及运动活性,但对其生长无显著影响;50 μmol/L 2-十二烷基苯磺酸仅促进青枯菌的运动性。
(2)月桂酸、肉豆蔻酸、4-乙基辛酸、2-十二烷基苯磺酸对贝莱斯芽孢杆菌的生长和生物膜形成的影响具有一定差异,其中,月桂酸和2-十二烷基苯磺酸在浓度高于50 μmol/L时,对贝莱斯芽孢杆菌(及青枯菌)的生长、生物膜形成及运动活性均呈显著抑制作用;而肉豆蔻酸和4-乙基辛酸在相同浓度下无显著影响。
(3)150 μmol/L和200 μmol/L的月桂酸及2-十二烷基苯磺酸均显著降低青枯病发生率,其中,200 μmol/L的2-十二烷基苯磺酸相对防效最优,达80.28%,显著高于150 μmol/L的2-十二烷基苯磺酸及200 μmol/L的月桂酸,且2种浓度下的月桂酸和2-十二烷基苯磺酸的相对防效均高于贝莱斯芽孢杆菌菌液(JXF-16)及春雷·喹啉铜处理。
  • 贵州省自然科学基金重点项目(黔科合基础-ZK[2023]重点009)
  • 遵义市科技计划项目(遵市科合HZ字[2025]171号)
  • 贵州省烟草提质增效全省重点实验室项目(黔科合平台ZSYS [2025] 028)
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2025年第46卷第12期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.12.018
  • 接收时间:2025-07-31
  • 首发时间:2026-06-24
  • 出版时间:2025-12-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-07-31
  • 录用日期:2025-09-09
基金
贵州省自然科学基金重点项目(黔科合基础-ZK[2023]重点009)
遵义市科技计划项目(遵市科合HZ字[2025]171号)
贵州省烟草提质增效全省重点实验室项目(黔科合平台ZSYS [2025] 028)
作者信息
    1.贵州大学烟草学院,贵州贵阳 550025
    2.贵州大学农学院,贵州贵阳 550025
    3.遵义师范学院,贵州遵义 563002
    4.贵州省烟草提质增效全省重点实验室,贵州贵阳 550025

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* 彭丽娟(PENG Lijuan),E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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