Article(id=1276618456111907315, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276618341674520821, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.12.015, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1749657600000, receivedDateStr=2025-06-12, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1758124800000, acceptedDateStr=2025-09-18, onlineDate=1782299158360, onlineDateStr=2026-06-24, pubDate=1766592000000, pubDateStr=2025-12-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1782299158360, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1782299158360, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1782299158360, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1276618341674520821, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, year='2025', volume='46', issue='12', pageStart='2817', pageEnd='3084', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1766592000000', pubDateStr='2025-12-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1782299131077, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782299208862, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1276618668385637092, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276618341674520821, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1276618668385637093, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276618341674520821, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=2973, endPage=2983, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1276618456392925685, articleId=1276618456111907315, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=EN, title=Effects of Eotetranychus sexmaculatus Infestation on Key Physiological and Biochemical Parameters in Rubber Leaves, columnId=1236292524264968282, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, columnName=Plant Protection & Bio-safety, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Eotetranychus sexmaculatus Riley is an important pest mite on rubber trees, it causes damage to rubber leaves, causing localized chlorotic spots to spread to the entire leaf, resulting in severe yellowing. Severe infestations result in massive leaf drop, disrupting normal tapping operations and leading to yield losses. However, the changes in physiological and biochemical indicators of rubber tree leaves after mite damage, and the relationship with mite population density and infestation duration, remain unclear. This study aimed to reveal the effects of varying mite densities and infestation durations on physiological and biochemical traits in rubber tree leaves, and to elucidate the defense mechanisms of rubber trees, thereby providing a theoretical basis for mite monitoring and early warning and precise prevention and control of the mite. In this study, the effects of malondialdehyde (MDA), soluble sugars, soluble proteins and protective enzymes (SOD, POD, CAT) activities on the leaves of rubber trees with different infestation times were determined on the rubber potted seedlings of the same length of Thermo Scientific 7-33-97 rubber seedlings inoculated with different mite densities in the greenhouses. The two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to reveal the interaction between mite population density and infestation time. Regarding membrane lipid peroxidation damage, both mite population density and infestation duration significantly influenced MDA content, exhibiting an initial increase followed by a decrease as infestation time prolonged. MDA levels peaked at (73.91±1.89)nmol/g after 15 days of treatment with 40 mites per leaf, representing a 43.15% increase compared to the control. MDA levels began to decline to (65.09±0.29)nmol/g after 20 days. Both soluble sugar and soluble protein contents decreased with increasing mite density and duration of infestation. At a mite density of 40 mites/leaf with 20 days of continuous feeding, soluble sugar and soluble protein contents reached the lowest values at (34.42±1.43)mg/g and (17.74±0.63)mg/g, respectively, representing significant decreases of 44.20% and 45.30% compared to the control. In response to mite-induced oxidative stress, the protective enzyme activities (SOD, POD, CAT) in rubber tree leaves generally showed a significant upward trend during the early stages of mite infestation across different mite density and duration treatments. Enzyme activity peaks occurred earlier under high mite density treatments (30 mites/leaf and 40 mites/leaf). Specifically, SOD activity peaked at (13 086.92±613.39)mg/g after 5 days of 40 mites/leaf infestation, representing a 91.74% increase compared to the control. POD activity reached minor peaks at 10 days post-infestation in both 30 and 40 mites/leaf treatments (6293.13±80.75)U/(min·g) and (6655.54±51.44)U/(min·g), respectively, followed by a decline before rising again. CAT activity peaked at 10 days in the 40 mites/leaf treatment (165.77±0.41)µmoL/(min·g), representing a 62.74% increase compared to the control. Interaction analysis revealed that the interaction between mite density and damage duration significantly affected soluble sugar content (F=21.296, P<0.001), soluble protein (F=17.782, P<0.001), and significantly affected SOD (F=20.252, P<0.001), POD (F=9.821, P<0.001), and CAT (F=145.095, P<0.001) activities. Both the mite population density and the duration of damage inflicted by the E. sexmaculatus leaf mite can influence the physiological and biochemical indicators in rubber tree leaves, including malondialdehyde, soluble sugars, soluble proteins, and protective enzymes (SOD, POD, CAT). Furthermore, a significant interaction exists between mite population density and duration of damage (P<0.001). This confirms that stress intensity and duration do not act independently, but they jointly determine the physiological damage degree, nutritional status, and antioxidant defense efficiency of rubber tree leaves through a complex synergistic mechanism.

, authors=null, authorsList=Rui GAO, Lijiu ZHENG, Yueguan FU, Jiang LIN, Junyu CHEN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Jiang LIN, Junyu CHEN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1276618458917896701, articleId=1276618456111907315, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=CN, title=六点始叶螨为害对橡胶树叶片主要生理生化指标的影响, columnId=1236292524520820846, journalTitle=热带作物学报, columnName=植物保护与生物安全, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

六点始叶螨(Eotetranychus sexmaculatus Riley)是橡胶树上的重要害螨,该螨为害致橡胶树叶片由局部褪绿黄斑扩展至全叶黄化,严重时造成叶片大量脱落,影响正常割胶,造成产量损失。然而,橡胶树叶片受螨害后生理生化指标的变化及其与螨口密度、为害时间的关系尚未明确。本研究旨在揭示六点始叶螨不同密度及为害时间对橡胶树叶片生理生化指标的影响,为该螨监测预警和精准防控提供理论依据。本研究以热研7-33-97品系橡胶盆栽苗为材料,分别设置六点始叶螨不同螨口密度和不同为害时间的胁迫处理,测定叶螨为害后橡胶树叶片丙二醛(MDA)、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白及保护酶(SOD、POD、CAT)活性的影响,同时结合双因素方差分析法分析六点始叶螨螨口密度与为害时间的交互作用。研究结果表明,在膜脂过氧化损伤方面,螨口密度与为害时间均显著影响MDA含量且随为害时间的延长呈先升后降趋势,40头/叶处理15 d MDA含量达到峰值(73.91±1.89)nmol/g,与CK相比上升43.15%,为害20 d时MDA含量下降,含量为(65.09±0.29)nmol/g。可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量均表现为随着螨口密度增加和为害时间延长而下降。当螨口密度为40头/叶持续为害20 d时,可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量均降至最低值,分别为(34.42±1.43)mg/g和(17.74±0.63)mg/g,分别较CK显著下降44.20%和45.30%。在应对螨害诱导的氧化胁迫时,橡胶树叶片保护酶中SOD、POD和CAT的活性总体表现为在螨害早期呈显著上升趋势,且高密度螨口处理(30头/叶与40头/叶)的酶活性峰值出现时间更早。其中,40头/叶为害5 d时SOD活性达到峰值(13 086.92±613.39)mg/g,较CK显著增加91.74%;30头/叶与40头/叶在第10天时POD活性达到小高峰[(6293.13±80.75)U/(min·g),(6655.54±51.44)U/(min·g)],随后呈下降再上升趋势;CAT活性在40头/叶处理10 d达到峰值(165.77±0.41)μmoL/(min·g),较CK上升62.74%。交互作用分析结果表明,螨口密度与为害时间的交互作用对可溶性糖(F=21.296,P<0.001)、可溶性蛋白(F=17.782,P<0.001)含量以及SOD(F=20.252,P<0.001)、POD(F=9.821,P<0.001)和CAT(F=145.095,P<0.001)活性产生极显著影响。六点始叶螨的螨口密度与为害时间均可对橡胶树叶片的MDA、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、保护酶(SOD、POD、CAT)生理生化指标含量造成影响,且受螨口密度和为害时间二者交互作用极显著(P<0.001)。本研究证实胁迫强度与持续时间并非独立作用,而是以复杂的协同方式共同决定了橡胶树叶片的生理损伤程度、营养状态及抗氧化防御效能。

, authors=

高蕊(1998—),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:热带雨林生物资源与利用。

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* 林江(LIN Jiang),E-mail:
陈俊谕(CHEN Junyu),E-mail:
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2.中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所,海南海口 571101, bio={"content":"

高蕊(1998—),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:热带雨林生物资源与利用。

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高蕊(1998—),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:热带雨林生物资源与利用。

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(in Chinese), articleTitle=Research progress of several defense enzymes in plant disease resistance, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276618477850985094, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618456111907315, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=44, issue=3, pageStart=697, pageEnd=703, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[41], rfOrder=69, authorNames=陈鹏, 刘奇志, journalName=环境昆虫学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=陈鹏, 刘奇志. 二斑叶螨为害对草莓叶片H2O2、MDA含量以及部分防御酶活性的影响[J]. 环境昆虫学报, 2022, 44(3): 697-703., articleTitle=二斑叶螨为害对草莓叶片H2O2、MDA含量以及部分防御酶活性的影响, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276618477926482567, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618456111907315, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=44, issue=3, pageStart=697, pageEnd=703, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[41], rfOrder=70, authorNames=CHEN P, LIU Q Z, journalName=Journal of Environmental Entomology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CHEN P, LIU Q Z. Effects of Tetranychus urticae feeding on the H2O2, MDA content and some defensive enzyme activities in strawberry leaves[J]. Journal of Environmental Entomology, 2022, 44(3): 697-703. 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不同大写字母表示相同为害时间不同螨口密度差异显著(P<0.05);不同小写字母表示相同螨口密度不同为害时间差异显著(P<0.05)。

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不同大写字母表示相同为害时间不同螨口密度差异显著(P<0.05);不同小写字母表示相同螨口密度不同为害时间差异显著(P<0.05)。

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不同大写字母表示相同为害时间不同螨口密度差异显著(P<0.05);不同小写字母表示相同螨口密度不同为害时间差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=LE7QyGnlaUJxZLMoj93Maw==, figureFileBig=4HXQvPKeAh0sawTzBRkrpQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276618468506075700, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618456111907315, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Effect of E. sexmaculatus damage on MDA content of rubber leaves

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
为害时间Damage time/d丙二醛含量MDA content/(nmol·g–1
CK10/(mites·leaf–120/(mites·leaf–130/(mites·leaf–140/(mites·leaf–1
051.99±0.32aA51.13±0.75dA51.08±1.08cA51.31±0.65dA51.63±0.38dA
550.71±0.26aB52.12±0.67cdB53.02±1.45cB53.35±1.40cdB60.12±2.63cA
1051.11±2.04aC53.43±0.86cC54.21±0.50cBC57.54±3.86cAB58.49±0.58cA
1551.27±1.10aC61.35±1.39aB64.57±2.00aB73.50±5.14aA73.91±1.89aA
2050.82±2.18aD57.22±1.11bC60.07±4.56bBC63.08±2.35bAB65.09±0.29bA
), ArticleFig(id=1276618468564795957, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618456111907315, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

六点始叶螨为害对橡胶树叶片丙二醛含量的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
为害时间Damage time/d丙二醛含量MDA content/(nmol·g–1
CK10/(mites·leaf–120/(mites·leaf–130/(mites·leaf–140/(mites·leaf–1
051.99±0.32aA51.13±0.75dA51.08±1.08cA51.31±0.65dA51.63±0.38dA
550.71±0.26aB52.12±0.67cdB53.02±1.45cB53.35±1.40cdB60.12±2.63cA
1051.11±2.04aC53.43±0.86cC54.21±0.50cBC57.54±3.86cAB58.49±0.58cA
1551.27±1.10aC61.35±1.39aB64.57±2.00aB73.50±5.14aA73.91±1.89aA
2050.82±2.18aD57.22±1.11bC60.07±4.56bBC63.08±2.35bAB65.09±0.29bA
), ArticleFig(id=1276618468640293430, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618456111907315, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Effect of E. sexmaculatus damage on soluble sugar content of rubber leaves

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
为害时间Damage time/d可溶性糖含量Soluble sugar content/(mg·g–1
CK10/(mites·leaf–120/(mites·leaf–130/(mites·leaf–140/(mites·leaf–1
062.00±0.29aA61.92±0.41aA62.21±0.35aA62.04±0.88aA61.68±0.70aA
562.34±0.63aA56.42±2.65bB54.34±0.87bBC51.55±3.14bC55.50±0.26bB
1063.15±1.40aA51.59±0.98cC49.26±2.12cC50.57±3.14bC55.20±1.24bB
1561.88±1.11aA50.73±3.10cB47.41±2.99cdB43.04±1.57cC35.46±1.18cD
2062.34±1.12aA49.15±3.83cB44.95±2.50dC42.18±0.65cC34.42±1.43cD
), ArticleFig(id=1276618468711596599, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618456111907315, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

六点始叶螨为害对橡胶树叶片可溶性糖含量的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
为害时间Damage time/d可溶性糖含量Soluble sugar content/(mg·g–1
CK10/(mites·leaf–120/(mites·leaf–130/(mites·leaf–140/(mites·leaf–1
062.00±0.29aA61.92±0.41aA62.21±0.35aA62.04±0.88aA61.68±0.70aA
562.34±0.63aA56.42±2.65bB54.34±0.87bBC51.55±3.14bC55.50±0.26bB
1063.15±1.40aA51.59±0.98cC49.26±2.12cC50.57±3.14bC55.20±1.24bB
1561.88±1.11aA50.73±3.10cB47.41±2.99cdB43.04±1.57cC35.46±1.18cD
2062.34±1.12aA49.15±3.83cB44.95±2.50dC42.18±0.65cC34.42±1.43cD
), ArticleFig(id=1276618468791288376, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618456111907315, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

Effect of E. sexmaculatus damage on soluble protein content of rubber leaves

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
为害时间Damage time/d可溶性蛋白含量Soluble protein content/(mg·g–1
CK10/(mites·leaf–120/(mites·leaf–130/(mites·leaf–140/(mites·leaf–1
033.41±2.67aA32.34±0.71aA32.61±0.58aA32.85±0.54aA32.43±0.98aA
535.87±2.22aA27.84±1.73cB25.12±0.67bC22.61±1.36bcCD20.03±0.76bD
1034.54±0.96aA30.94±2.25abB18.37±1.02dD31.00±1.05aB21.46±1.72bC
1533.40±0.85aA28.85±0.65bcB19.51±1.23dD23.64±1.56bC19.44±0.94bcD
2032.48±1.82aA26.97±1.36cB21.53±1.57cC20.99±1.07cC17.74±0.63cD
), ArticleFig(id=1276618468866785849, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618456111907315, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

六点始叶螨为害对橡胶树叶片可溶性蛋白含量的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
为害时间Damage time/d可溶性蛋白含量Soluble protein content/(mg·g–1
CK10/(mites·leaf–120/(mites·leaf–130/(mites·leaf–140/(mites·leaf–1
033.41±2.67aA32.34±0.71aA32.61±0.58aA32.85±0.54aA32.43±0.98aA
535.87±2.22aA27.84±1.73cB25.12±0.67bC22.61±1.36bcCD20.03±0.76bD
1034.54±0.96aA30.94±2.25abB18.37±1.02dD31.00±1.05aB21.46±1.72bC
1533.40±0.85aA28.85±0.65bcB19.51±1.23dD23.64±1.56bC19.44±0.94bcD
2032.48±1.82aA26.97±1.36cB21.53±1.57cC20.99±1.07cC17.74±0.63cD
), ArticleFig(id=1276618468954866234, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618456111907315, language=EN, label=Tab. 4, caption=

Two-way ANOVA of nutrients in rubber leaves affected by different mite densities and damage time treatments of leaf mites E. sexmaculatus

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
偏差来源Deviation resource自由度Degree of freedom可溶性糖Soluble sugar可溶性蛋白Soluble protein
FPFP
螨口密度4129.868<0.001182.659<0.001
为害时间4171.905<0.00194.996<0.001
螨口密度×为害时间1621.296<0.00117.782<0.001
误差50
总计75
), ArticleFig(id=1276618469026169403, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618456111907315, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

六点始叶螨不同密度和时间为害处理对橡胶树叶片营养物质的方差分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
偏差来源Deviation resource自由度Degree of freedom可溶性糖Soluble sugar可溶性蛋白Soluble protein
FPFP
螨口密度4129.868<0.001182.659<0.001
为害时间4171.905<0.00194.996<0.001
螨口密度×为害时间1621.296<0.00117.782<0.001
误差50
总计75
), ArticleFig(id=1276618469084889660, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618456111907315, language=EN, label=Tab. 5, caption=

Two-way ANOVA of defensive enzyme activity in rubber leaves affected by different mite densities and damage time treatments of leaf mites E. sexmaculatus

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
偏差来源Deviation resource自由度Degree of freedom超氧化物歧化酶SOD过氧化物酶POD过氧化氢酶CAT
FPFPFP
螨口密度4201.815<0.001130.009<0.001387.463<0.001
为害时间4113.597<0.001105.002<0.001527.985<0.001
螨口密度×为害时间1620.252<0.0019.821<0.001145.095<0.001
误差50
总计75
), ArticleFig(id=1276618469244273213, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618456111907315, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

六点始叶螨不同密度和时间为害对橡胶树叶片防御酶活性的方差分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
偏差来源Deviation resource自由度Degree of freedom超氧化物歧化酶SOD过氧化物酶POD过氧化氢酶CAT
FPFPFP
螨口密度4201.815<0.001130.009<0.001387.463<0.001
为害时间4113.597<0.001105.002<0.001527.985<0.001
螨口密度×为害时间1620.252<0.0019.821<0.001145.095<0.001
误差50
总计75
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六点始叶螨为害对橡胶树叶片主要生理生化指标的影响
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高蕊 1, 2 , 郑丽旧 2 , 符悦冠 1, 3 , 林江 1, * , 陈俊谕 2, *
热带作物学报 | 植物保护与生物安全 2025,46(12): 2973-2983
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热带作物学报 |植物保护与生物安全 2025 , 46 (12) : 2973 -2983
六点始叶螨为害对橡胶树叶片主要生理生化指标的影响
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高蕊1, 2, 郑丽旧2, 符悦冠1, 3, 林江1, * , 陈俊谕2, *
作者信息
  • 1.海南大学热带农林学院,海南儋州 571737
  • 2.中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所,海南海口 571101
  • 3.中国热带农业科学院三亚研究院,海南三亚 572000
通讯作者:
* 林江(LIN Jiang),E-mail:
陈俊谕(CHEN Junyu),E-mail:
Effects of Eotetranychus sexmaculatus Infestation on Key Physiological and Biochemical Parameters in Rubber Leaves
Rui GAO1, 2, Lijiu ZHENG2, Yueguan FU1, 3, Jiang LIN1, * , Junyu CHEN2, *
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Danzhou, Hainan 571737, China
  • 2.Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China
  • 3.Sanya Research Academy, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, Hainan 572000, China
出版时间: 2025-12-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.12.015
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六点始叶螨(Eotetranychus sexmaculatus Riley)是橡胶树上的重要害螨,该螨为害致橡胶树叶片由局部褪绿黄斑扩展至全叶黄化,严重时造成叶片大量脱落,影响正常割胶,造成产量损失。然而,橡胶树叶片受螨害后生理生化指标的变化及其与螨口密度、为害时间的关系尚未明确。本研究旨在揭示六点始叶螨不同密度及为害时间对橡胶树叶片生理生化指标的影响,为该螨监测预警和精准防控提供理论依据。本研究以热研7-33-97品系橡胶盆栽苗为材料,分别设置六点始叶螨不同螨口密度和不同为害时间的胁迫处理,测定叶螨为害后橡胶树叶片丙二醛(MDA)、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白及保护酶(SOD、POD、CAT)活性的影响,同时结合双因素方差分析法分析六点始叶螨螨口密度与为害时间的交互作用。研究结果表明,在膜脂过氧化损伤方面,螨口密度与为害时间均显著影响MDA含量且随为害时间的延长呈先升后降趋势,40头/叶处理15 d MDA含量达到峰值(73.91±1.89)nmol/g,与CK相比上升43.15%,为害20 d时MDA含量下降,含量为(65.09±0.29)nmol/g。可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量均表现为随着螨口密度增加和为害时间延长而下降。当螨口密度为40头/叶持续为害20 d时,可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量均降至最低值,分别为(34.42±1.43)mg/g和(17.74±0.63)mg/g,分别较CK显著下降44.20%和45.30%。在应对螨害诱导的氧化胁迫时,橡胶树叶片保护酶中SOD、POD和CAT的活性总体表现为在螨害早期呈显著上升趋势,且高密度螨口处理(30头/叶与40头/叶)的酶活性峰值出现时间更早。其中,40头/叶为害5 d时SOD活性达到峰值(13 086.92±613.39)mg/g,较CK显著增加91.74%;30头/叶与40头/叶在第10天时POD活性达到小高峰[(6293.13±80.75)U/(min·g),(6655.54±51.44)U/(min·g)],随后呈下降再上升趋势;CAT活性在40头/叶处理10 d达到峰值(165.77±0.41)μmoL/(min·g),较CK上升62.74%。交互作用分析结果表明,螨口密度与为害时间的交互作用对可溶性糖(F=21.296,P<0.001)、可溶性蛋白(F=17.782,P<0.001)含量以及SOD(F=20.252,P<0.001)、POD(F=9.821,P<0.001)和CAT(F=145.095,P<0.001)活性产生极显著影响。六点始叶螨的螨口密度与为害时间均可对橡胶树叶片的MDA、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、保护酶(SOD、POD、CAT)生理生化指标含量造成影响,且受螨口密度和为害时间二者交互作用极显著(P<0.001)。本研究证实胁迫强度与持续时间并非独立作用,而是以复杂的协同方式共同决定了橡胶树叶片的生理损伤程度、营养状态及抗氧化防御效能。

六点始叶螨  /  丙二醛  /  营养物质  /  保护酶

Eotetranychus sexmaculatus Riley is an important pest mite on rubber trees, it causes damage to rubber leaves, causing localized chlorotic spots to spread to the entire leaf, resulting in severe yellowing. Severe infestations result in massive leaf drop, disrupting normal tapping operations and leading to yield losses. However, the changes in physiological and biochemical indicators of rubber tree leaves after mite damage, and the relationship with mite population density and infestation duration, remain unclear. This study aimed to reveal the effects of varying mite densities and infestation durations on physiological and biochemical traits in rubber tree leaves, and to elucidate the defense mechanisms of rubber trees, thereby providing a theoretical basis for mite monitoring and early warning and precise prevention and control of the mite. In this study, the effects of malondialdehyde (MDA), soluble sugars, soluble proteins and protective enzymes (SOD, POD, CAT) activities on the leaves of rubber trees with different infestation times were determined on the rubber potted seedlings of the same length of Thermo Scientific 7-33-97 rubber seedlings inoculated with different mite densities in the greenhouses. The two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to reveal the interaction between mite population density and infestation time. Regarding membrane lipid peroxidation damage, both mite population density and infestation duration significantly influenced MDA content, exhibiting an initial increase followed by a decrease as infestation time prolonged. MDA levels peaked at (73.91±1.89)nmol/g after 15 days of treatment with 40 mites per leaf, representing a 43.15% increase compared to the control. MDA levels began to decline to (65.09±0.29)nmol/g after 20 days. Both soluble sugar and soluble protein contents decreased with increasing mite density and duration of infestation. At a mite density of 40 mites/leaf with 20 days of continuous feeding, soluble sugar and soluble protein contents reached the lowest values at (34.42±1.43)mg/g and (17.74±0.63)mg/g, respectively, representing significant decreases of 44.20% and 45.30% compared to the control. In response to mite-induced oxidative stress, the protective enzyme activities (SOD, POD, CAT) in rubber tree leaves generally showed a significant upward trend during the early stages of mite infestation across different mite density and duration treatments. Enzyme activity peaks occurred earlier under high mite density treatments (30 mites/leaf and 40 mites/leaf). Specifically, SOD activity peaked at (13 086.92±613.39)mg/g after 5 days of 40 mites/leaf infestation, representing a 91.74% increase compared to the control. POD activity reached minor peaks at 10 days post-infestation in both 30 and 40 mites/leaf treatments (6293.13±80.75)U/(min·g) and (6655.54±51.44)U/(min·g), respectively, followed by a decline before rising again. CAT activity peaked at 10 days in the 40 mites/leaf treatment (165.77±0.41)µmoL/(min·g), representing a 62.74% increase compared to the control. Interaction analysis revealed that the interaction between mite density and damage duration significantly affected soluble sugar content (F=21.296, P<0.001), soluble protein (F=17.782, P<0.001), and significantly affected SOD (F=20.252, P<0.001), POD (F=9.821, P<0.001), and CAT (F=145.095, P<0.001) activities. Both the mite population density and the duration of damage inflicted by the E. sexmaculatus leaf mite can influence the physiological and biochemical indicators in rubber tree leaves, including malondialdehyde, soluble sugars, soluble proteins, and protective enzymes (SOD, POD, CAT). Furthermore, a significant interaction exists between mite population density and duration of damage (P<0.001). This confirms that stress intensity and duration do not act independently, but they jointly determine the physiological damage degree, nutritional status, and antioxidant defense efficiency of rubber tree leaves through a complex synergistic mechanism.

Eotetranychus sexmaculatus  /  MDA  /  nutrients  /  protective enzyme
高蕊, 郑丽旧, 符悦冠, 林江, 陈俊谕. 六点始叶螨为害对橡胶树叶片主要生理生化指标的影响. 热带作物学报, 2025 , 46 (12) : 2973 -2983 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.12.015
Rui GAO, Lijiu ZHENG, Yueguan FU, Jiang LIN, Junyu CHEN. Effects of Eotetranychus sexmaculatus Infestation on Key Physiological and Biochemical Parameters in Rubber Leaves[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2025 , 46 (12) : 2973 -2983 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.12.015
六点始叶螨(Eotetranychus sexmaculatus Riley)隶属蛛形纲(Arachnida)蜱螨目(Acarina)叶螨科(Tetranychidae),俗称落叶蜘蛛、橡胶黄蜘蛛或“过火风”[1]。六点始叶螨是我国橡胶树重要害螨种类,由于全球气候变化、橡胶树种植模式改变等因素,该螨在我国海南、云南、广东等植胶区危害程度呈逐年加重趋势。该害螨体型微小、世代周期短、繁殖能力强、兼具有性与孤雌生殖,除橡胶树外亦可侵害柑桔、油梨、油桐、樱桃与梅等多种经济作物[2-3]
六点始叶螨以口针刺吸橡胶树叶肉组织,自叶背基部沿中脉和侧脉扩散,诱发叶绿素降解与组织黄化,形成典型的斑块,进而导致叶片脱落、枝条枯萎,严重影响光合作用和乳胶产量[1]。为了抵御螨害,寄主植物通过改变营养物质分配、调控膜脂过氧化及激活抗氧化酶系统等多重机制,以降低损伤程度[4-12]。先前研究已证实,害虫(螨)胁迫能显著影响寄主叶片中丙二醛(MDA)含量、营养物质含量以及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)等保护酶活性,诱导产生规律性的响应[13]。在营养物质代谢层面,多数研究表明害虫(螨)取食会导致寄主叶片的营养物质含量呈下降趋势。例如,斜纹夜蛾(Spodoptera litura Fabricius)为害大豆和烟粉虱(Bemisia tabaci Gennadius)刺吸棉花时,可溶性糖、蛋白质等营养物质含量均随虫口密度增加和为害时间延长呈下降趋势,且表现出明显的密度依赖性和时间依赖性[14-15];而木薯受到朱砂叶螨(Teranychus cinnabarinus Boisduval)侵害后,可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白含量虽呈先增后减的趋势,但总体仍以消耗为主要趋势[16]。在抗氧化防御响应方面,SOD、POD、CAT等保护酶作为重要防御物质,其活性则常被诱导增强,且诱导幅度通常与胁迫强度呈正相关。例如,在机械损伤、斜纹夜蛾、二斑叶螨和西花蓟马不同处理下,菜豆植株未受害叶片CAT活性分别在特定时间显著提升[17];大豆蚜(Aphis glycines Matsumura)取食大豆和烟粉虱刺吸棉花时,CAT活性则随为害呈递增趋势[15, 18];而具有抗性特性的木薯品种在SOD、POD活性提升幅度上显著高于敏感品种,体现出寄主抗性与酶活性响应的关联性[16]。MDA是植物膜脂过氧化的标志性物质,其含量变化可反映胁迫损伤程度。随着害虫密度增加,寄主植物的MDA往往升高。例如,贾尊尊等[15]发现在不同虫口密度与为害时间下,MDA含量则呈先降后升趋势,且随着为害时间延长,植株的防御反应呈渐进式增强的特征。然而,上述研究多聚焦于大豆、菜豆、棉花等作物与害虫(螨)的研究,迄今为止,针对不同螨口密度的六点始叶螨为害对橡胶树叶片生理生化响应规律的研究仍较为缺乏。
因此,本研究通过设置不同梯度螨口密度,结合不同刺吸胁迫时间处理,测定橡胶树叶片关键生理生化指标包括丙二醛、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白及保护酶(SOD、POD、CAT)活性的影响研究,揭示橡胶树应对六点始叶螨胁迫的生理生化机制,为该螨监测预警和精准防控提供理论参考。
供试螨源:六点始叶螨采自海南省儋州市宝岛新村橡胶种植园,采用健康橡胶树离体叶片在实验室内[温度为(27±1)℃,湿度为(75±5)%]连续饲养数代作为供试螨源[19-20]。橡胶树叶片每3~4 d更换1次。
供试寄主:供试盆栽橡胶植株品种为热研7-33-97,由中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所提供,种植基质为砖红壤土和草炭(砖红壤土∶草炭=3∶1)。所有橡胶盆栽植株在大棚中统一管理种植,选取生长到稳定期[21]的健康橡胶盆栽作为供试寄主。在试验接螨前,所用植株均经过仔细检查,确保无病虫(螨)害发生。
在供试橡胶苗中部分别选取4片复叶的中间小叶作为接螨叶片,设置4个初始螨口密度梯度:10头/叶(雌雄成螨各5头/叶)、20头/叶(雌雄成螨各10头/叶)、30头/叶(雌雄成螨各15头/叶)、40头/叶(雌雄成螨各20头/叶)[1],以不接螨作为对照(CK)。每个螨口密度设置4个为害时间,分别为0、5、10、15、20 d,每个处理重复3次。接螨操作步骤:使用0号毛笔将成螨准确接引至叶片正面,然后用带有凡士林的脱脂棉包裹叶片叶柄处,以形成物理屏障防止叶螨逃逸;随后,使用500目尼龙网袋套住整张叶片,防止叶片受到其他害虫侵害。取样时,用剪刀从叶柄基部剪下处理叶片,用铝箔纸包裹并放入自封袋中,标记处理编号、采集时间等,并置于液氮中速冻后转移至–80 ℃的超低温冰箱进行存储,以备后续生理生化指标测定。
MDA含量测定采用硫代巴比妥酸法(TBA)[22]。MDA在高温、酸性条件下,与硫代巴比妥酸缩合,生成红色产物,在532 nm波长下有最大吸收峰,进行比色后可估测样品中过氧化脂质的含量;同时测定600 nm波长下的吸光度,利用532 nm与600 nm波长下的吸光度的差值计算MDA的含量。MDA含量的单位为nmol/g。
可溶性糖含量测定采用蒽酮比色法[23]。称取0.1 g橡胶树叶片,先加入0.8 mL的80%乙醇,冰浴匀浆,倒入离心管中,再用80%乙醇冲洗研钵并转移至同一EP管中,使EP管中粗提液终体积定容为1.5 mL;置50 ℃水浴20 min,冷却后,12 000 r/min,室温离心10 min,取上清液,在620 nm波长下测定吸光值。可溶性糖含量的单位为mg/g。可溶性蛋白含量测定采用考马斯亮蓝G-250法[24]。称取0.1 g橡胶树叶片,加入1 mL提取液冰浴匀浆,12 000 r/min,4 ℃离心10 min,取上清,即待测液。在600 nm波长下测定吸光值。可溶性蛋白含量的单位为mg/g。
取0.1 g橡胶树叶片,加入1 mL提取液,在冰浴状态下研磨成匀浆。4 ℃,12 000 r/min离心10 min,取上清作为待测液。超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性单位为U/g。在黄嘌呤氧化酶藕联反应体系中抑制率为50%时,反应体系中的SOD酶活性定义为1个酶活性单位[25]。过氧化物酶(POD)活性测定采用愈创木酚法[26]。POD活性单位为U/(min·g),即酶活性定义为每克组织每分钟在反应体系中使470 nm波长下吸光值增加1为1个酶活性单位。过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性测定采用紫外吸收法[27]。CAT活性单位为μmoL/(min·g),酶活定义为在25 ℃,每克组织每分钟催化分解1 μmoL H2O2为1个酶活性单位。测定所用试剂均购自苏州格锐思生物科技有限公司。
采用Office 2021、SPSS 27.0、Origin 2024软件进行数据统计分析和图表绘制。六点始叶螨不同时间和密度为害对橡胶树叶片丙二醛、营养物质含量和防御酶活性的影响采用双因素方法分析(two-way ANOVA)、单因素ANOVA方差分析并通过Duncan’s新复极差法进行显著性检验。
螨口密度与为害时间对橡胶树叶片MDA含量具有显著影响(表1)。六点始叶螨为害5 d时,高螨口密度(40头/叶)处理下的MDA含量显著高于其他处理,为(60.12±2.63)nmol/g,表明高螨口密度早期即可诱导MDA快速积累。总体上,在不同螨口密度处理下,MDA含量随为害时间延长均呈现先上升后下降趋势。在为害15 d时达到峰值,如40头/叶六点始叶螨为害15 d,叶片MDA含量最高,约为(73.91±1.89)nmol/g,较CK升高43.15%;六点始叶螨继续刺吸胁迫至20 d,叶片MDA含量虽较15 d有所降低,但仍然显著高于CK。
螨口密度和为害时间均可显著影响橡胶树叶片可溶性糖含量(表2),总体表现为,随着六点始叶螨螨口密度增加、为害时间延长,叶片可溶性糖含量逐渐降低。密度高的处理组随着为害时间的延长,其可溶性糖含量降低更加明显,其中,40头/叶处理下为害5 d至为害20 d的可溶性糖从(55.50±0.26)mg/g降至(34.42±1.43)mg/g,降幅达37.98%,但为害15 d与20 d差异不显著。在同样的为害时间下,螨口密度越大,叶片可溶性糖含量下降越明显,40头/叶处理下为害20 d可溶性糖含量仅为(34.42±1.43)mg/g,较10头/叶处理降低了34.04%,较CK降低了47.99%。
橡胶树叶片可溶性蛋白含量与六点始叶螨螨口密度、为害持续时间关系紧密(表3)。当螨口密度为10、30、40头/叶,可溶性蛋白含量均表现为随着为害时间延长呈先降低后升高再下降的趋势,高密度螨口对叶片可溶性蛋白影响更显著。在螨口密度达到40头/叶,为害5 d叶片可溶性蛋白含量下降显著,为(20.03±0.76)mg/g,与为害10 d时差异不显著,为害20 d,可溶性蛋白含量降至(17.74±0.63)mg/g,显著低于其他处理组,与CK相比降幅高达45.30%,表明高密度、长时间螨害胁迫对橡胶植株蛋白代谢产生严重的负面影响。当螨口密度为20头/叶,叶片可溶性蛋白含量表现为随着为害时间的延长出现先下降而后小幅度上升的趋势,为害10 d时,含量为(18.37±1.02)mg/g,相较于为害5 d时可溶性蛋白含量下降了26.87%,在为害时间持续至20 d,可溶性蛋白含量逐步上升至(21.53±1.57)mg/g,推测在该螨口密度处理下,为害5~15 d期间触发了植物强烈的防御反应,而后逐步恢复适应性。
表4的方差分析可知,螨口密度对橡胶树叶片可溶性糖(F=129.868,P<0.001)和可溶性蛋白(F=182.659,P<0.001)含量具有极显著影响,为害持续时间同样可显著改变这2种营养物质含量(F=171.905,P<0.001;F=94.996,P<0.001)。不同螨口密度下,六点始叶螨为害时间对可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量的影响程度不同;不同为害时间下,螨口密度对可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量的影响也存在差异,其中可溶性糖对时间胁迫更敏感(F=171.905),可溶性蛋白含量对螨口密度更敏感(F=182.659)。总的来说,六点始叶螨的为害密度、为害时间及其交互作用均极显著影响橡胶树叶片可溶性糖与可溶性蛋白含量。
在相同的为害时间下,橡胶树叶片SOD活性与六点始叶螨密度呈正相关关系,随着螨口密度增加,叶片SOD活性增加(图1)。螨口密度为40头/叶,在不同为害时间下,叶片SOD活性均显著高于其他处理(P<0.05),且在不同为害时间呈不规律的动态变化,为害5 d时SOD活性最高,为(13 086.92±613.39)U/g,较CK增加91.74%。当螨口密度为20~30头/叶时,随着为害时间延长,橡胶树叶片SOD活性均表现为先增加后下降的趋势。其中,20头/叶时,SOD活性高峰出现在为害10 d时,为(9689.39±327.66)U/g,显著高于其他时间处理;30头/叶密度处理下叶片SOD活性高峰出现在为害5 d时,为(11165.06±1031.06)U/g,随后逐渐下降。
六点始叶螨为害橡胶树叶片后过氧化物酶(POD)活性的变化如图2所示。在相同的为害时间下,橡胶树叶片POD活性表现为随螨口密度增加而呈上升趋势。在螨口密度为40头/叶,为害20 d时橡胶树叶片POD活性最高,为(6806.42±59.42)U/(min·g),显著高于其他处理,较CK增加29.34%。在不同螨口密度下,POD活性受为害时间影响呈现不同动态变化。在螨口密度为30头/叶和40头/叶时,POD活性均表现为在前期先上升,在为害15 d时显著下降,分别为(6126±15.41)U/(min·g)和(6347.63±33.73)U/(min·g),为害20 d时显著上升,分别为(6505.86±67.84)U/(min·g)和(6806.42±59.42)U/(min·g);在螨口密度为10头/叶和20头/叶时,POD活性均表现为随着为害时间延长,活性逐步增加的趋势,为害20 d时,叶片POD活性分别达到(5746.84±162.22)U/(min·g)和(6144.32±236.42)U/(min·g),均显著高于CK。
橡胶树叶片CAT活性受六点始叶螨的螨口密度和为害时间影响显著(图3),低密度和高密度螨口处理在不同为害时间下的CAT活性有所不同。当螨口密度为10头/叶和20头/叶时,在为害0~15 d期间,CAT活性逐渐上升,在15 d时活性最高,分别为(148.24±2.38)μmoL/(min·g)和(155.74±0.96)μmoL/(min·g),较CK分别提高了44.06%和51.35%;为害时间延长至20 d时,CAT活性出现下降,下降幅度分别较15 d减少了11.27%和8.05%。当螨口密度为30头/叶和40头/叶时,为害10 d时叶片CAT活性均达到峰值,分别为(159.95±0.59)μmoL/(min·g)和(165.77±0.41)μmoL/(min·g),继续为害至15~20 d,CAT活性均出现显著下降,表明橡胶树叶片在高螨口密度(30头/叶,40头/叶)胁迫下会产生更强烈的早期氧化应激。
六点始叶螨的螨口密度、为害时间及其交互作用均极显著影响橡胶树叶片SOD(F=20.252,P<0.001)、POD(F=9.821,P<0.001)、CAT活性(F=145.095,P<0.001)。其中,SOD(F=201.815)和CAT(F=387.463)活性受螨口密度影响更敏感,POD对为害时间的响应相对较弱(F=105.002)(表5),六点始叶螨不同螨口密度与为害时间的协同作用导致橡胶树叶片保护酶活性发生变化。
在长期的协同进化过程中,植物逐渐发展出多层次的化学防御体系以应对害虫(螨)的胁迫压力,如通过改变本身的次生代谢物合成及营养物质等策略,实现对害虫(螨)的有效抵御[28-32]。本研究通过不同螨口密度和为害时间处理,揭示了六点始叶螨为害对橡胶树叶片生理生化特征的动态诱导效应。
螨害胁迫可加速植物细胞膜脂的过氧化反应,MDA含量随胁迫时间延长而呈先升后降的波动变化[25]。本研究中,在六点始叶螨为害过程中,不同螨口密度处理的叶片MDA含量均在第15天达到峰值后回落,反映出植物在遭受强胁迫后可能启动自我修复机制。这与棉花对烟粉虱持续取食后MDA含量波动趋势相近[15]。同样地,GOLAN等[33]研究表明罗勒植物不同品种受到二斑叶螨为害时MDA含量均呈先上升后下降趋势。其中在罗勒‘Fino verde’的叶子观察到该化合物的显著提高,这种反应在感染2周后达到最高(增加11.5倍),这与本研究结果类似。
植物生长发育过程中营养物质必不可少。通常,昆虫利用刺吸口器刺穿植物组织以获取蛋白质等营养物质,从而导致受害叶片中蛋白质含量降低[18]。在本研究中,螨口密度与为害时间的交互作用对可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量产生极显著影响。可溶性糖对为害时间的响应程度显著高于可溶性蛋白对为害时间的响应程度,这表明在螨害胁迫下,橡胶树碳代谢相较于氮代谢更易受到胁迫时间的影响。同时,研究结果显示,六点始叶螨为害20 d时,可溶性糖与可溶性蛋白含量均显著下降(最小值出现在40头/叶处理),推测可溶性糖与可溶性蛋白作为重要的碳氮代谢产物,其合成过程受到抑制且分解过程加剧,最终导致含量显著降低。而六点始叶螨在30头/叶为害10 d、40头/叶为害5 d时可溶性蛋白含量曾短暂增高,推测为较高的螨口密度会加速植物防御响应的启动,但长期高强度的害螨胁迫超出了植株的补偿能力阈值。该现象揭示了橡胶植株在害螨胁迫下短期防御补偿与长期胁迫损伤的动态变化过程。前人研究成果也印证了这一结论,如二斑叶螨为害番茄导致营养物质出现类似的变化趋势[34],沙棘受栎黄枯叶蛾(Trabala vishnou gigan-tina Yang)取食为害后可溶性糖显著下降[35]。绿盲蝽(Apolygus lucorum Meyer-Dür)侵害桃叶时,叶片中可溶性糖和蛋白质含量均呈先下降后增高的动态变化[36]。李润红等[37]在研究豆蚜为害对寄主黄芪的影响中,发现10、20、30头/株的虫口密度试验组中,植物组织内可溶性蛋白与可溶性糖含量的动态变化呈相似规律:随着害虫取食时长的增加,两类物质含量先呈递减趋势,继而有所回升,随后再次降低。
SOD、POD、CAT是清除活性氧的3个核心酶。SOD是自由基清除剂,可以生成H2O2和O2。POD是木质素合成的关键酶之一,可以氧化各种次生代谢过程中的物质[34]。本研究发现在防御酶活性方面,螨口密度与为害时间的交互作用对SOD、POD和CAT活性也产生极显著影响。这一结果暗示不同保护酶系统在应对螨害的时序进程中存在功能分工。CAT在面对螨口密度变化时的高响应程度,暗示其可能作为橡胶树应对早期氧化应激的关键酶,在螨害发生初期迅速启动防御反应。研究还发现所有处理组中SOD、POD和CAT活性均在螨害早中期呈上升趋势。六点始叶螨高密度处理与低密度处理相比,SOD和CAT活性峰值出现更早更高。表明螨口密度是影响抗氧化系统敏感性的关键因素。随着螨虫对橡胶树叶片胁迫持续,SOD和POD活性在后期有所回落,但高密度螨口条件下的酶活性仍维持相对较高优势。本研究观察到的SOD活性在六点始叶螨胁迫下呈先上升后下降的趋势,与曹小艳等[38]报道的植物响应虫害胁迫时SOD活性变化规律一致;且与杨春等[39]的研究结论一致,绿盲蝽取食胁迫下,茶树对照组与处理组的保护酶活性表现显著的差异。其中叶片中POD与CAT活性会随着叶片受害程度的加重而持续上升。CAT作为重要保护酶之一,可以通过诱导防御机制来保护植物细胞,但当CAT过量也同时会导致植物体过氧化损伤[40]。CAT的活性与六点始叶螨的螨口密度有关,40头/叶的螨口密度处理与其他螨口密度处理变化趋势显著不同,这与陈鹏等[41]研究结果不同,后者CAT活性有显著的低密度效应,无论为害时间多长,螨口密度为15头/叶时CAT活性始终高于螨口密度为25头/叶,甚至在为害48 h时,5头/叶的CAT活性低于对照组的活性。而本研究螨口密度为40头/叶在为害时间为5 d和10 d始终高于其他螨口密度,而且螨口密度为10头/叶时CAT活性显著高于CK。本研究中CAT活性的密度响应模式体现了在高密度螨虫胁迫下,CAT在早期持续维持在高水平。这表明橡胶叶片在高密度螨害胁迫下,可能优先维持甚至增强抗氧化能力以应对持续的氧化压力,反映了其对重度损伤的积极抵御策略。这为解析橡胶树抗螨生理基础及筛选高抗性品种提供参考依据。
本研究证实六点始叶螨为害胁迫诱导橡胶树叶片的MDA含量随为害时间呈显著升高后回落的趋势,但不同螨口密度处理组的MDA含量均高于CK,其含量与螨口密度呈正相关,表明高螨口密度、长时间刺吸胁迫引发更严重的膜脂过氧化损伤。可溶性糖与可溶性蛋白含量均随螨口密度增加和为害时间延长而呈显著下降趋势,下降幅度与胁迫强度(螨口密度×为害时间)呈正相关,反映了螨害导致的代谢资源掠夺与失衡。关键保护酶(SOD、POD、CAT)活性在胁迫早期便显著升高,且高螨口密度处理组酶活性峰值更高、出现更早。其中,SOD活性响应最为迅速(5 d达到峰值),酶活性升高幅度与螨口密度在早期阶段呈正相关,体现了植物防御投入对初始胁迫强度的敏感性。同时,六点始叶螨的胁迫效应受到螨口密度和为害时间的影响,且二者交互作用显著。这证实胁迫强度与持续时间并非独立作用,而是以复杂的协同方式共同决定了橡胶树叶片的生理损伤程度、营养状态及抗氧化防御效能。然而,寄主植物生理生化变化对六点始叶螨取食行为的反馈影响及其分子调控机制尚未阐明。后续研究可结合多组学进一步解析关键代谢物和基因的调控途径,并探索内源信号物质在螨害诱导中的作用,为该螨的监测预警与精准防控提供更全面的理论基础。
  • 中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(1630042022006)
  • 橡胶产业技术体系虫害防控岗位项目(CARS-33-BC2)
  • 热作重大病虫害预警监测与防治指导及示范推广项目(21240082)
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2025年第46卷第12期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.12.015
  • 接收时间:2025-06-12
  • 首发时间:2026-06-24
  • 出版时间:2025-12-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-06-12
  • 录用日期:2025-09-18
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中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(1630042022006)
橡胶产业技术体系虫害防控岗位项目(CARS-33-BC2)
热作重大病虫害预警监测与防治指导及示范推广项目(21240082)
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    1.海南大学热带农林学院,海南儋州 571737
    2.中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所,海南海口 571101
    3.中国热带农业科学院三亚研究院,海南三亚 572000

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* 林江(LIN Jiang),E-mail:
陈俊谕(CHEN Junyu),E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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