Article(id=1276618488106061937, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276618341674520821, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.12.012, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1751558400000, receivedDateStr=2025-07-04, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1754841600000, acceptedDateStr=2025-08-11, onlineDate=1782299165988, onlineDateStr=2026-06-24, pubDate=1766592000000, pubDateStr=2025-12-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1782299165988, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1782299165988, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1782299165988, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1276618341674520821, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, year='2025', volume='46', issue='12', pageStart='2817', pageEnd='3084', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1766592000000', pubDateStr='2025-12-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1782299131077, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782299208862, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1276618668385637092, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276618341674520821, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1276618668385637093, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276618341674520821, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=2941, endPage=2948, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1276618488525492339, articleId=1276618488106061937, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=EN, title=Physiological Effects of Hormone-regulated Adventitious Bud Induction in Date Palm and Optimization of Culture System, columnId=1236256434120348225, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, columnName=Plant Cultivation, Physiology & Biochemistry, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Date palm, a member of the palm family, is dioecious with highly heterozygous genes and severe trait segregation. The propagation of its seedlings depends on asexual reproduction. Tissue culture technology is currently the main approach to realize the commercial production of date palm seedlings. However, the low germination rate of somatic embryos and the long period of seedling formation lead to difficulties in system construction and high tissue culture costs. Therefore, studying the physiological responses of date palm to adventitious bud induction regulated by hormones and optimizing the adventitious bud induction system are urgent tasks. Based on the previous screening of explant types of date palm, an orthogonal experimental design was used to optimize the induction of callus and embryogenic callus. By screening and proportioning the types and concentrations of plant growth regulators in the MS medium, adventitious buds were induced from somatic embryos. The germination rate of adventitious buds and the induction time of buds were statistically analyzed. Date palm adventitious buds obtained under different hormone levels were sampled, and the morphological change patterns of adventitious buds were observed. The change patterns of antioxidant enzyme activities (peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase, catalase), hydrogen peroxide content, and other indicators in the samples were determined. The results indicated that the bud induction rate was P8>P6>P5>P4. The highest bud induction rate was achieved under the P8 (MS+30 g/L sucrose+3 mg/L NAA+2 mg/L 6-BA+1 mg/L KT) treatment. The shortest bud induction time was under the P6 (MS+30 g/L sucrose+2 mg/L NAA+3 mg/L 6-BA+1 mg/L KT) treatment. The highest activity of glutathione reductase was under the P8 treatment. The coefficient of variation was the largest for the activity of glutathione reductase, and the range was the largest for the activity of superoxide dismutase. Principal component analysis revealed that the cumulative contribution rate of the first three principal components reached 94.614%. The eigenvalue of the first principal component was 2.365, with a contribution rate of 50.729%. In the first principal component, the activities of glutathione reductase, catalase, and peroxidase jointly affected, among which the eigenvalue of the activity of glutathione reductase was the largest at 0.821, mainly reflecting the influence of the activity of glutathione reductase on adventitious bud induction. The results of the study would provide a theoretical basis for optimizing the adventitious bud induction system and lay a technical foundation for achieving efficient and rapid propagation of date palm.

, authors=null, authorsList=Ning ZHANG, Juyou WU, Xinyue ZHANG, Wei HU, Haiquan FU, Jie LI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Haiquan FU, Jie LI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1276618491419562103, articleId=1276618488106061937, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=CN, title=激素调控下椰枣不定芽诱导的生理效应及培养体系优化, columnId=1236256434313286224, journalTitle=热带作物学报, columnName=作物栽培与生理生化, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

椰枣作为棕榈科作物,雌雄异株,基因高度杂合,性状分离严重,种苗繁育主要通过无性繁殖实现,组织培养技术是目前实现椰枣种苗商业化生产的主要手段,但是体胚萌发率低、成苗周期长,导致体系构建困难、组培成本高,研究激素调控对椰枣不定芽诱导的生理响应,优化不定芽诱导体系已成为当务之急。本研究在前期对椰枣外植体种类的筛选、愈伤组织及胚性愈伤组织诱导的基础上,利用正交试验设计,通过对MS培养基中植物生长调节剂种类及其浓度进行筛选配比,从体胚中诱导出不定芽,统计不定芽萌发率及芽的诱导时间,观察不同激素水平下获得的椰枣不定芽,研究不定芽的形态变化规律;测定不定芽样品中抗氧化酶活性(过氧化物酶、超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽还原酶、过氧化氢酶)、过氧化氢含量等指标。结果表明:芽诱导率为P8>P6>P5>P4,P8(MS+30 g/L蔗糖+3 mg/L NAA+2 mg/L 6-BA+1 mg/L KT)处理下的芽诱导率最高;在P6(MS+30 mg/L蔗糖+2 mg/L NAA+3 mg/L 6-BA+1 mg/L KT)处理下,芽诱导时间最短;在P8处理下,谷胱甘肽还原酶活性最高;变异系数最大的为谷胱甘肽还原酶活性,极差最大的为超氧化物歧化酶活性。主成分分析表明,前3个主成分累计贡献率达到94.614%,第1主成分的特征值为2.365,贡献率为50.729%,在第1主成分中,主要包含谷胱甘肽还原酶、过氧化氢酶和过氧化物酶活性这3个指标共同影响,其中谷胱甘肽还原酶活性的特征值最大,为0.821,主要反映了谷胱甘肽还原酶活性对不定芽诱导的影响。本研究筛选出谷胱甘肽还原酶是不定芽形成过程中抗氧化保护系统起关键作用的物质,高谷胱甘肽还原酶活性有利于提高芽诱导率。该研究结果为实现椰枣高效快繁奠定技术基础。

, authors=

张宁(1989—),女,硕士,助理研究员,研究方向:椰枣资源与生物育种。

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* 符海泉(FU Haiquan),E-mail:
李杰(LI Jie),E-mail:
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张宁(1989—),女,硕士,助理研究员,研究方向:椰枣资源与生物育种。

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TMK1-based auxin signaling regulates abscisic acid responses via phosphorylating ABI1/2 in Arabidopsis[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2021, 118(24): e2102544118., articleTitle=TMK1-based auxin signaling regulates abscisic acid responses via phosphorylating ABI1/2 in Arabidopsis, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276618509824168154, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618488106061937, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=514, issue=2, pageStart=91, pageEnd=98, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=25, authorNames=WEI K, WANG L Y, CHENG H, ZHANG C C, MA C L, ZHANG L Q, GONG W Y, WU L Y, journalName=Gene, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WEI K, WANG L Y, CHENG H, ZHANG C C, MA C L, ZHANG L Q, GONG W Y, WU L Y. Identification of genes involved in indole-3-butyric acid-induced adventitious root formation in nodal cuttings of Camellia sinensis (L.) by suppression subtractive hybridization[J]. 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Scientia Horticulturae, 2017, 215: 65-71., articleTitle=Nitric oxide is involved in ethylene-induced adventitious root development in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) explants, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1276618504820363455, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618488106061937, awardId=202202AE090104, language=CN, fundingSource=云南省重大科技专项计划项目(202202AE090104), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1276618504908443840, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618488106061937, awardId=16300120 25307, language=CN, fundingSource=中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(16300120 25307), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1276618492153565305, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618488106061937, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276618492161953914, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618488106061937, companyId=1276618492153565305, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences / National Tropical Palm Germplasm Reserve / International Joint Research Center for Date Palm Resource Identification and Evaluation and Seedling Propagation, Wenchang, Hainan 571300, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276618492170342523, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618488106061937, companyId=1276618492153565305, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.中国热带农业科学院椰子研究所/国家热带棕榈种质资源圃/椰枣资源鉴定评价与种苗繁育国际联合研究中心,海南文昌 571300)]), AuthorCompany(id=1276618492245839996, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618488106061937, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276618492258422909, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618488106061937, companyId=1276618492245839996, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276618492271005822, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618488106061937, companyId=1276618492245839996, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.南京农业大学园艺学院,江苏南京 210095)]), AuthorCompany(id=1276618492333920384, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618488106061937, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276618492346503297, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618488106061937, companyId=1276618492333920384, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.College of Tropical Crops, Yunnan Agricultural University, Pu’er, Yunnan 665000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276618492354891906, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618488106061937, companyId=1276618492333920384, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.云南农业大学热带作物学院,云南普洱 665000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1276618501024518316, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618488106061937, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Cell morphology and structure of tested material, figureFileSmall=Dl9E2h7BZ+aCYnTcJpEuSw==, figureFileBig=Y0s+QR46UqWykZmHw6HcFQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276618501368451245, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618488106061937, language=CN, label=图1, caption=供试材料的细胞形态结构

A:P8处理的体胚细胞形态结构;B:P8处理的芽形态结构。

, figureFileSmall=Dl9E2h7BZ+aCYnTcJpEuSw==, figureFileBig=Y0s+QR46UqWykZmHw6HcFQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276618501553000622, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618488106061937, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Experimental design for adventitious bud induction

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
水平Level因素Factor
NAA6-BAKT
10.000.000.00
20.050.250.25
30.100.500.50
), ArticleFig(id=1276618501800464559, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618488106061937, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不定芽诱导试验设计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
水平Level因素Factor
NAA6-BAKT
10.000.000.00
20.050.250.25
30.100.500.50
), ArticleFig(id=1276618501880156336, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618488106061937, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Adventitious bud induction orthogonal test treatment

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理Treatment因素Factor
NAA6-BAKT
P1111
P2122
P3222
P4212
P5223
P6231
P7313
P8321
P9333
), ArticleFig(id=1276618501951459505, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618488106061937, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不定芽诱导正交试验处理

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理Treatment因素Factor
NAA6-BAKT
P1111
P2122
P3222
P4212
P5223
P6231
P7313
P8321
P9333
), ArticleFig(id=1276618503616598195, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618488106061937, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

Effect of different media on adventitious bud induction of date palm

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理Treatment体胚萌发数Number of somatic embryo germination芽诱导率Bud germination rate/%芽诱导时间Bud induction time/d
P10.000.00
P20.000.00
P310.33±0.47d20.67±0.94c98.00±0.82b
P412.00±0.82d24.00±1.63c97.67±0.47b
P518.00±0.82c30.67±6.18c82.67±1.25c
P626.00±0.82b48.00±7.12b77.33±0.47d
P75.00±0.82f10.00±1.63d111.67±1.25a
P838.00±0.82a69.30±9.57a84.33±0.47c
P99.33±1.25e18.67±2.49c70.33±0.47e
), ArticleFig(id=1276618503687901364, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618488106061937, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同培养基对椰枣不定芽诱导的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理Treatment体胚萌发数Number of somatic embryo germination芽诱导率Bud germination rate/%芽诱导时间Bud induction time/d
P10.000.00
P20.000.00
P310.33±0.47d20.67±0.94c98.00±0.82b
P412.00±0.82d24.00±1.63c97.67±0.47b
P518.00±0.82c30.67±6.18c82.67±1.25c
P626.00±0.82b48.00±7.12b77.33±0.47d
P75.00±0.82f10.00±1.63d111.67±1.25a
P838.00±0.82a69.30±9.57a84.33±0.47c
P99.33±1.25e18.67±2.49c70.33±0.47e
), ArticleFig(id=1276618503755010229, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618488106061937, language=EN, label=Tab. 4, caption=

Changes of antioxidant protective enzyme activity and hydrogen peroxide content in adventitious buds of date palm under different treatments

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理Treatment谷胱甘肽还原酶活性GR activity/(nmol·min–1·g–1过氧化氢酶活性CAT activity/(μmol·min–1·g–1过氧化物酶活性POD activity/(U·min–1·g–1超氧化物歧化酶活性SOD activity/(U·g–1过氧化氢含量HP content/(μmol·g–1
P32.10±0.50d370.74±14.94b65.61±45.44b447.63±77.34c0.78±0.01b
P59.96±1.25c116.46±13.33d264.20±65.58a591.56±107.26c0.68±0.02c
P63.36±0.56d281.90±14.13c298.27±9.27a1297.53±328.57b0.98±0.05a
P833.61±2.78a428.11±13.82a88.22±32.26b1914.59±234.67a0.69±0.03c
P426.89±2.68b347.31±13.68b128.09±13.94b770.23±80.88c0.69±0.06c
), ArticleFig(id=1276618503822119094, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618488106061937, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同处理下椰枣不定芽抗氧化酶活性和过氧化氢含量的变化

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理Treatment谷胱甘肽还原酶活性GR activity/(nmol·min–1·g–1过氧化氢酶活性CAT activity/(μmol·min–1·g–1过氧化物酶活性POD activity/(U·min–1·g–1超氧化物歧化酶活性SOD activity/(U·g–1过氧化氢含量HP content/(μmol·g–1
P32.10±0.50d370.74±14.94b65.61±45.44b447.63±77.34c0.78±0.01b
P59.96±1.25c116.46±13.33d264.20±65.58a591.56±107.26c0.68±0.02c
P63.36±0.56d281.90±14.13c298.27±9.27a1297.53±328.57b0.98±0.05a
P833.61±2.78a428.11±13.82a88.22±32.26b1914.59±234.67a0.69±0.03c
P426.89±2.68b347.31±13.68b128.09±13.94b770.23±80.88c0.69±0.06c
), ArticleFig(id=1276618503943753911, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618488106061937, language=EN, label=Tab. 5, caption=

Variability analysis of antioxidant protective enzymes activity and hydrogen peroxide content in adventited buds of date palm under different treatments

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标Index最小值Minimum最大值Maximum极差Range平均值Average标准差SD变异系数CV/%
谷胱甘肽还原酶活性/(nmol·min–1·g–11.6437.1735.5315.1912.908.49
过氧化氢酶活性/(μmol·min–1·g–197.62438.63341.02308.90107.943.49
过氧化物酶活性/(U·min–1·g–125.15330.52305.37168.88102.326.06
超氧化物歧化酶活性/(U·g–1340.942238.341897.401004.31572.135.70
过氧化氢含量/(μmol·g–10.611.030.420.760.121.56
), ArticleFig(id=1276618504002474168, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618488106061937, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

不同处理下椰枣不定芽抗氧化酶活性和过氧化氢含量的变异分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标Index最小值Minimum最大值Maximum极差Range平均值Average标准差SD变异系数CV/%
谷胱甘肽还原酶活性/(nmol·min–1·g–11.6437.1735.5315.1912.908.49
过氧化氢酶活性/(μmol·min–1·g–197.62438.63341.02308.90107.943.49
过氧化物酶活性/(U·min–1·g–125.15330.52305.37168.88102.326.06
超氧化物歧化酶活性/(U·g–1340.942238.341897.401004.31572.135.70
过氧化氢含量/(μmol·g–10.611.030.420.760.121.56
), ArticleFig(id=1276618504065388729, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618488106061937, language=EN, label=Tab. 6, caption=

Correlation analysis of physiological indexes of antioxidant enzymes activity and hydrogen peroxide content in adventited buds of date palm under different treatments

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标Index谷胱甘肽还原酶活性GR activity过氧化氢酶活性CAT activity过氧化物酶活性POD activity超氧化物歧化酶活性SOD activity过氧化氢含量HP content
谷胱甘肽还原酶活性1
过氧化氢酶活性0.304*1
过氧化物酶活性–0.531*–0.769*1
超氧化物歧化酶活性0.2710.367*–0.0371
过氧化氢含量–0.708*0.0410.475*0.1491
), ArticleFig(id=1276618504132497594, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618488106061937, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

不同处理下椰枣不定芽抗氧化酶活性和过氧化氢含量的相关性

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标Index谷胱甘肽还原酶活性GR activity过氧化氢酶活性CAT activity过氧化物酶活性POD activity超氧化物歧化酶活性SOD activity过氧化氢含量HP content
谷胱甘肽还原酶活性1
过氧化氢酶活性0.304*1
过氧化物酶活性–0.531*–0.769*1
超氧化物歧化酶活性0.2710.367*–0.0371
过氧化氢含量–0.708*0.0410.475*0.1491
), ArticleFig(id=1276618504212189371, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618488106061937, language=EN, label=Tab. 7, caption=

Eigenvalue, contribution rate and cumulative contribution rate of indeterminate bud of date palm

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
成分Composition特征值Eigenvalue贡献率Contribution rate%累计贡献率Cumulative contribution rate%
12.36550.72950.729
21.21924.38675.116
30.97519.49994.614
40.2234.46699.080
50.0460.920100.000
), ArticleFig(id=1276618504354795708, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618488106061937, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

椰枣不定芽的特征值、贡献率及累计贡献率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
成分Composition特征值Eigenvalue贡献率Contribution rate%累计贡献率Cumulative contribution rate%
12.36550.72950.729
21.21924.38675.116
30.97519.49994.614
40.2234.46699.080
50.0460.920100.000
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Principal component load matrix of indeterminate bud of date palm

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指标Index主成分Principal component
123
谷胱甘肽还原酶活性0.821–0.3300.474
过氧化氢酶活性0.7990.349–0.462
过氧化物酶活性–0.7830.2790.530
超氧化物歧化酶活性0.5510.6860.391
过氧化氢含量–0.5550.741–0.322
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椰枣不定芽主成分荷载矩阵

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指标Index主成分Principal component
123
谷胱甘肽还原酶活性0.821–0.3300.474
过氧化氢酶活性0.7990.349–0.462
过氧化物酶活性–0.7830.2790.530
超氧化物歧化酶活性0.5510.6860.391
过氧化氢含量–0.5550.741–0.322
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激素调控下椰枣不定芽诱导的生理效应及培养体系优化
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张宁 1, 2 , 吴巨友 2 , 张馨月 3 , 胡伟 1 , 符海泉 1, * , 李杰 1, *
热带作物学报 | 作物栽培与生理生化 2025,46(12): 2941-2948
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热带作物学报 |作物栽培与生理生化 2025 , 46 (12) : 2941 -2948
激素调控下椰枣不定芽诱导的生理效应及培养体系优化
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张宁1, 2, 吴巨友2, 张馨月3, 胡伟1, 符海泉1, * , 李杰1, *
作者信息
  • 1.中国热带农业科学院椰子研究所/国家热带棕榈种质资源圃/椰枣资源鉴定评价与种苗繁育国际联合研究中心,海南文昌 571300
  • 2.南京农业大学园艺学院,江苏南京 210095
  • 3.云南农业大学热带作物学院,云南普洱 665000
通讯作者:
* 符海泉(FU Haiquan),E-mail:
李杰(LI Jie),E-mail:
Physiological Effects of Hormone-regulated Adventitious Bud Induction in Date Palm and Optimization of Culture System
Ning ZHANG1, 2, Juyou WU2, Xinyue ZHANG3, Wei HU1, Haiquan FU1, * , Jie LI1, *
Affiliations
  • 1.Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences / National Tropical Palm Germplasm Reserve / International Joint Research Center for Date Palm Resource Identification and Evaluation and Seedling Propagation, Wenchang, Hainan 571300, China
  • 2.College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
  • 3.College of Tropical Crops, Yunnan Agricultural University, Pu’er, Yunnan 665000, China
出版时间: 2025-12-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.12.012
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椰枣作为棕榈科作物,雌雄异株,基因高度杂合,性状分离严重,种苗繁育主要通过无性繁殖实现,组织培养技术是目前实现椰枣种苗商业化生产的主要手段,但是体胚萌发率低、成苗周期长,导致体系构建困难、组培成本高,研究激素调控对椰枣不定芽诱导的生理响应,优化不定芽诱导体系已成为当务之急。本研究在前期对椰枣外植体种类的筛选、愈伤组织及胚性愈伤组织诱导的基础上,利用正交试验设计,通过对MS培养基中植物生长调节剂种类及其浓度进行筛选配比,从体胚中诱导出不定芽,统计不定芽萌发率及芽的诱导时间,观察不同激素水平下获得的椰枣不定芽,研究不定芽的形态变化规律;测定不定芽样品中抗氧化酶活性(过氧化物酶、超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽还原酶、过氧化氢酶)、过氧化氢含量等指标。结果表明:芽诱导率为P8>P6>P5>P4,P8(MS+30 g/L蔗糖+3 mg/L NAA+2 mg/L 6-BA+1 mg/L KT)处理下的芽诱导率最高;在P6(MS+30 mg/L蔗糖+2 mg/L NAA+3 mg/L 6-BA+1 mg/L KT)处理下,芽诱导时间最短;在P8处理下,谷胱甘肽还原酶活性最高;变异系数最大的为谷胱甘肽还原酶活性,极差最大的为超氧化物歧化酶活性。主成分分析表明,前3个主成分累计贡献率达到94.614%,第1主成分的特征值为2.365,贡献率为50.729%,在第1主成分中,主要包含谷胱甘肽还原酶、过氧化氢酶和过氧化物酶活性这3个指标共同影响,其中谷胱甘肽还原酶活性的特征值最大,为0.821,主要反映了谷胱甘肽还原酶活性对不定芽诱导的影响。本研究筛选出谷胱甘肽还原酶是不定芽形成过程中抗氧化保护系统起关键作用的物质,高谷胱甘肽还原酶活性有利于提高芽诱导率。该研究结果为实现椰枣高效快繁奠定技术基础。

椰枣  /  不定芽  /  激素  /  体胚

Date palm, a member of the palm family, is dioecious with highly heterozygous genes and severe trait segregation. The propagation of its seedlings depends on asexual reproduction. Tissue culture technology is currently the main approach to realize the commercial production of date palm seedlings. However, the low germination rate of somatic embryos and the long period of seedling formation lead to difficulties in system construction and high tissue culture costs. Therefore, studying the physiological responses of date palm to adventitious bud induction regulated by hormones and optimizing the adventitious bud induction system are urgent tasks. Based on the previous screening of explant types of date palm, an orthogonal experimental design was used to optimize the induction of callus and embryogenic callus. By screening and proportioning the types and concentrations of plant growth regulators in the MS medium, adventitious buds were induced from somatic embryos. The germination rate of adventitious buds and the induction time of buds were statistically analyzed. Date palm adventitious buds obtained under different hormone levels were sampled, and the morphological change patterns of adventitious buds were observed. The change patterns of antioxidant enzyme activities (peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase, catalase), hydrogen peroxide content, and other indicators in the samples were determined. The results indicated that the bud induction rate was P8>P6>P5>P4. The highest bud induction rate was achieved under the P8 (MS+30 g/L sucrose+3 mg/L NAA+2 mg/L 6-BA+1 mg/L KT) treatment. The shortest bud induction time was under the P6 (MS+30 g/L sucrose+2 mg/L NAA+3 mg/L 6-BA+1 mg/L KT) treatment. The highest activity of glutathione reductase was under the P8 treatment. The coefficient of variation was the largest for the activity of glutathione reductase, and the range was the largest for the activity of superoxide dismutase. Principal component analysis revealed that the cumulative contribution rate of the first three principal components reached 94.614%. The eigenvalue of the first principal component was 2.365, with a contribution rate of 50.729%. In the first principal component, the activities of glutathione reductase, catalase, and peroxidase jointly affected, among which the eigenvalue of the activity of glutathione reductase was the largest at 0.821, mainly reflecting the influence of the activity of glutathione reductase on adventitious bud induction. The results of the study would provide a theoretical basis for optimizing the adventitious bud induction system and lay a technical foundation for achieving efficient and rapid propagation of date palm.

date palm  /  bud shoot  /  hormone  /  embryo somatic
张宁, 吴巨友, 张馨月, 胡伟, 符海泉, 李杰. 激素调控下椰枣不定芽诱导的生理效应及培养体系优化. 热带作物学报, 2025 , 46 (12) : 2941 -2948 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.12.012
Ning ZHANG, Juyou WU, Xinyue ZHANG, Wei HU, Haiquan FU, Jie LI. Physiological Effects of Hormone-regulated Adventitious Bud Induction in Date Palm and Optimization of Culture System[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2025 , 46 (12) : 2941 -2948 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.12.012
椰枣树(Phoenix dactylifera L.),属于棕榈科刺葵属,作为一种重要的经济作物,主要分布在10°~40°N的中北非、中东、西亚、南亚、美洲等超过40个国家的热带和亚热带地区,全球总产量达975万t,椰枣果实富含多种维生素和矿物质,具有较高的营养价值和广泛的市场需求[1]。中国-阿拉伯国家合作论坛成员国中有90.9%的国家种植椰枣,产量占比达78.2%,如伊拉克、阿尔及利亚、沙特阿拉伯、突尼斯、摩洛哥、埃及、阿联酋、苏丹等。椰枣是雌雄异株的多年生植物,能够适应高温、干旱、盐碱、沙漠等极端恶劣的生态环境,在我国的海南、云南、广东等地均有分布。椰枣树基因高度杂合,种子繁殖性状分离严重,无法保持母本的优良特性[2-3]。无性繁殖成为椰枣种苗繁育的主要手段,无性繁殖技术包括母株分蘖苗繁殖和组织培养技术。其中分蘖苗繁殖是从母株上切割下分蘖苗,然后复壮生根后田间定植[4-5]。组织培养技术是取椰枣的器官组织通过体胚发生途径获得再生植株,而后壮苗生根,温室炼苗后田间定植[6]。农业生产上以分蘖苗分株的方式开展,但单株母本全生命周期内分蘖苗数量仅能达到15~25株,其繁殖数量和速度受到极大限制,难以满足栽培种植的需求。目前,国际上依赖组培手段实现优良母本椰枣种苗商业化生产,生产成本高,导致组培苗价格高昂,也成为全世界椰枣育种的关键技术难题。
在椰枣的组织培养中,不定芽诱导是实现植株再生的关键环节。而激素作为植物体内的重要信号分子,在不定芽的诱导过程中发挥着至关重要的作用,不同类型的激素及其浓度组合,可以显著影响不定芽的诱导效率和质量。因此,深入研究激素调控对椰枣不定芽诱导的生理响应,对优化椰枣的组织培养体系具有重要意义[7-8]。ALKHATEEB等[9]以花序为外植体,但是在培养初始阶段,外植体上最先诱导形成根而不是芽,在这个阶段出现的根会抑制芽的形成,导致培养失败;在增殖阶段,早期生根将大部分组织营养物质转移到根而不是芽的形成,从而降低芽的增殖速率。KHAN等[10-11]研究发现椰枣芽的增殖取决于基因型、培养基的基本配方和植物生长调节剂的类型及其浓度。植物激素在不定芽诱导过程中起着关键的调控作用,常用的细胞分裂素有6-苄氨基腺嘌呤(6-BA)、噻苯隆(TDZ)和异戊烯基腺嘌呤(2-iP),生长素则有萘乙酸(NAA)和吲哚丁酸(IBA)。TAHA等[12]通过比较2-iP、6-BA和TDZ在3种椰枣树花序中的不同组合效应,发现TDZ单独使用或与6-BA联用均能促进不同品种的器官发生,为生长调节剂应用于椰枣增殖与再生提供了理论依据。MAZRI等[13-14]通过比较不同植物生长调节剂[IBA、萘氧乙酸(NOA)、6-BA、激动素(KT)]与碳源组合对椰枣芽增殖及生长的影响,发现添加IBA、6-BA的培养基其芽增殖率最高,且较高浓度的植物生长调节剂可诱导早熟生根现象。WAHEED[15]将壳聚糖(CHT)和TDZ配合使用,在添加15 mg/L CHT和0.5 mg/L TDZ的培养基中,芽部细胞分裂素(CK)含量最高,椰枣芽体分化率最高。本研究通过RAPD技术证实了微繁殖方案的遗传稳定性中椰枣离体增殖效果最佳。关于椰枣不定芽诱导对激素调控的生理响应机制尚不明确。多次继代体细胞胚会引发内源激素失衡,导致芽体诱导率降低。通过精准调控细胞分裂素和生长素种类和浓度,优化培养基配方,已成为提高不定芽诱导率和组培苗质量的关键,也是目前国内椰枣产业种苗供应保障亟需解决的难题。
本研究通过调配培养基中植物生长调节剂种类及其浓度,设置不同水平,筛选出不定芽诱导的最佳培养基,并测定不同激素水平下不定芽中抗氧化酶活性(过氧化物酶、超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽还原酶、过氧化氢酶)及过氧化氢(HP)含量的变化规律,筛选出不同激素配比在诱导不定芽形成过程中抗氧化酶活性物质的差异性变化,明确在诱导不定芽形成过程中抗氧化保护系统起关键作用的物质。研究结果为优化不定芽诱导体系提供理论依据,同时为实现椰枣高效快繁奠定技术基础,为椰枣产业的可持续发展提供有力的科技支撑。这不仅有助于推动椰枣生物技术育种的发展,也为其他果树的组织培养提供参考和借鉴。
供试品种为埃及椰枣品种Hainay,试验地点为中国热带农业科学院椰子研究所(108°21′E, 19°20′N)。
参考张宁等[16]的方法,取椰枣的茎尖生长组织作为外植体,通过调控培养基配方及培养条件,诱导产生愈伤组织。采用正交试验设计,不定芽诱导的培养基处理编号为P1~P9,通过对MS培养基中植物生长调节剂种类及其浓度进行筛选配比,从愈伤组织中分化出体胚,体胚萌发后获得不定芽,并生根获得脱毒苗。以体胚萌发率≥20%处理的芽体作为供试材料(图1)。
基础培养基:MS盐、30 g/L蔗糖、3.5 g/L植物凝胶、1 g/L活性炭、植物生长调节剂(6-BA、2,4-D、2-ip、KT)。调节培养基pH为5.7,于121 ℃高温高压下灭菌20 min。
采用正交试验设计进行不定芽诱导,按照正交表L9(33)进行试验设计,以培养基中的生长调节剂6-BA(0~0.5 mg/L)、NAA(0~0.1 mg/L)、KT(0~0.5 mg/L)为试验因素,每个因素设3个水平(表1),共设9个处理(表2),每个处理5瓶,每瓶接种10个体胚,3次重复。
不定芽诱导试验:选择发育良好、形态健康的体胚,转接至不定芽诱导培养基中,每隔30 d继代1次,28 ℃黑暗条件下培养至Ⅰ期萌发后,转移至光照条件下进行Ⅱ期萌发培养成苗,然后统计发芽的体胚数,计算不定芽诱导率及诱导周期。芽诱导率=(发芽的体胚数/供试体胚数)×100%。
取不同激素水平下获得的椰枣不定芽,测定样品中的抗氧化酶活性[过氧化物酶(POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)]、过氧化氢(HP)含量等指标。测定生理指标所使用的试剂盒为96样微板法,试剂盒购自苏州格锐思生物科技有限公司,所用设备为赛默飞的酶联免疫检测仪。
以不同激素水平下的体胚、不定芽作为供试材料,用石蜡切片技术对组织样本进行切片,番红固绿染色,观察细胞组织的形态结构。操作步骤如下:脱蜡至水-固绿染色-番红染色-脱水封片-显微镜镜检,然后进行形态指标观测。
采用Excel软件整理试验数据,采用SPSS 22软件进行单因素、多因素方差分析、LSD法多重比较检验及显著性分析,用R语言(3.6.2)进行相关性分析。
表3可以看出,不同因素与水平处理对椰枣体胚萌发及芽诱导时间具有不同程度的影响。P8处理的芽诱导率最高,达到69.30%,显著高于其他处理(P<0.05),平均诱导时间为84.33 d;P6处理的芽诱导率达到48.00%,诱导时间显著低于高萌发率的P8;P3、P4、P9处理的芽诱导率分别为20.67%、24.00%、18.67%,差异不显著,而P9处理的芽诱导时间较短,仅为70.33 d,显著低于其他处理;P7处理的体胚萌发数仅为5.00,芽诱导率为10.00%,且芽诱导时间最长,达111.67 d,显著高于其他处理。由此可见,P8处理可以提高芽诱导率,P6处理可以缩短诱导时间。
表4可知,在诱导率最高的P8处理中谷胱甘肽还原酶、过氧化氢酶和超氧化物歧化酶活性最高,而P3处理的谷胱甘肽还原酶活性最低,P5处理的过氧化氢酶活性最低;过氧化物酶活性在P6处理最高,P3处理的最低;P3、P4和P5处理的超氧化物歧化酶活性差异不显著。P6处理的过氧化氢含量最高,P5处理的过氧化氢含量最低,P8、P5和P4处理间差异显著。由此可见,谷胱甘肽还原酶、过氧化氢酶、超氧化物歧化酶活性对不定芽诱导有较大影响。
表5可以看出,不同处理下椰枣不定芽的抗氧化酶活性和过氧化氢含量均存在一定变异,超氧化物歧化酶活性的极差最大,达到1897.40 U/g,过氧化氢含量的极差最小,仅为0.42 μmol/g;谷胱甘肽还原酶活性的变异系数最大,达8.49%,其次为过氧化物酶活性,其变异系数为6.06%,过氧化氢含量的变异系数最小,仅为1.56%。
表6可知,5个生理生化指标间均存在不同程度的相关性,谷胱甘肽还原酶活性与过氧化氢酶活性、超氧化物歧化酶活性均呈正相关,而与过氧化物酶活性、过氧化氢含量均呈显著负相关,其中与过氧化氢含量的相关性最强,相关系数为–0.708,与超氧化物歧化酶活性相关性最低,相关系数为0.271;过氧化氢含量除与谷胱甘肽还原酶活性呈负相关外,与其他指标均呈正相关;过氧化氢酶活性与过氧化物酶活性呈显著负相关,与其他指标均呈正相关,与过氧化物酶活性相关性最强,相关系数为–0.769;超氧化物歧化酶活性与过氧化物酶活性呈显著负相关,与其他指标呈正相关,其中与过氧化氢酶活性相关性最强,相关系数为0.367。
采用SPSS 22.0软件对数据进行标准化处理,对处理后的数据进行主成分分析,得到椰枣不定芽诱导阶段抗氧化保护酶主成分的特征值、贡献率、累计贡献率和特征向量(表7表8)。
已有研究认为,特征值≥1或累计贡献率>85%的主成分具有一定代表性[7]。由表7可知,前3个主成分累计贡献率达到94.614%,表明这3个主成分可以反映全部指标的大部分信息,而其他成分的特征值均小于1,且贡献率趋于平缓,代表性不强,因此可以用前3个主成分对椰枣不定芽诱导阶段抗氧化保护酶进行综合评价。
表7表8可知,第1主成分的特征值为2.365,贡献率为50.729%;在第1主成分中,主要包含谷胱甘肽还原酶、过氧化氢酶和过氧化物酶活性这3个指标共同影响,其中谷胱甘肽还原酶活性的特征值最大,为0.821,其次为过氧化氢酶与氧化物酶活性,其特征值分别为0.799、–0.783;第2主成分的特征值为1.219,贡献率为24.386%,在第2主成分中,主要包含过氧化氢含量、超氧化物歧化酶活性这2个指标影响,特征值分别为0.741、0.686;第3主成分的特征值为0.975,贡献率为19.499%,第3主成分主要是过氧化物酶、谷胱甘肽还原酶和过氧化氢酶活性3个指标影响,其特征值分别为0.530、0.474、–0.462。
德国植物生理学家HABERLANDT在1902年提出了细胞全能性的理论。植物组织培养则利用了细胞的全能性,植物的体细胞含有本物种的全部遗传信息,每个植物细胞均与胚胎一样可经过离体培养再生出完整的植株[17]。组织培养技术是椰枣种苗培育的主要途径,在进行植物离体再生体系建立的过程中,研究者主要关注外源细胞分裂素和生长素的类型和比例,植物离体再生涉及植物激素信号应答,且通常不是一种或一类激素单独起作用,而是产生了复杂的串扰(crosstalks)[18]。植物产生的激素被称为内源性激素,提供给完整植物;组织培养的激素通常被称为外源性植物生长调节剂,不同培养基中所需的植物生长调节剂水平不同,植物再生的成功取决于外植体对培养基中外源植物激素的反应[19]。内源性激素自然存在于植物中,在低浓度下控制细胞分裂和伸长[20],主要包含细胞的生长、分化和发育。虽然内源性激素在植物中含量较低,而且通常不是由单个器官产生,但它们通过极性和非极性运输到特定部位发挥关键作用。它们参与细胞、组织和器官的相互作用,以维持正常的植物生长和发育[21]。本研究通过调配培养基中的植物生长调节剂种类和浓度,设置不同水平,筛选出椰枣不定芽诱导的最佳培养基,并测定不同激素处理下不定芽中POD、SOD、GR等抗氧化酶活性及过氧化氢含量变化,筛选出诱导椰枣不定芽形成过程中抗氧化酶活性物质,明确在诱导不定芽形成过程中抗氧化保护系统起关键作用的物质。
张宁等[22]在椰枣体胚发生阶段研究中发现,生长素含量、谷胱甘肽还原酶活性和可溶性糖含量与椰枣体胚发生关系密切,其中生长素、谷胱甘肽还原酶和可溶性糖是影响椰枣体胚形成的主要因素,谷胱甘肽还原酶、过氧化氢酶和可溶性糖等内源代谢物之间存在较强的相关性,这与它们在植物应对环境压力时的共同调控作用相符。本研究的不定芽诱导中,高生长素浓度和低细胞分裂素浓度的P8处理的芽诱导率最高,低生长素浓度和高细胞分裂素浓度的P6处理的芽诱导时间最短,其中P8处理的谷胱甘肽还原酶和过氧化氢酶活性最高,P6处理的过氧化物酶活性最高,高谷胱甘肽还原酶活性有利于提高芽诱导率,这与过氧化氢酶活性的增加一致,表明高水平的生长素可能促进了体内抗氧化防御系统的活性,从而有利于维持细胞的正常生理功能并促进芽诱导的形成。高水平的细胞分裂素有助于缩短芽诱导时间,提高诱导效率,这与使用6-BA可以提高芽的诱导效率[23]的研究结果一致。谷胱甘肽还原酶、过氧化氢酶、超氧化物歧化酶活性对不定芽诱导有较大影响。从变异系数来看,不同处理的椰枣不定芽抗氧化保护酶的5个指标均存在一定变异,极差最大的为超氧化物歧化酶活性,达到1897.40 U/g,变异系数最大的为谷胱甘肽还原酶活性,达8.49%,这表明超氧化物歧化酶和谷胱甘肽还原酶活性在本研究中表现出较大的波动,这可能是由于不同培养条件下细胞应激反应或代谢途径的差异所致。前人在茶(Camellia sinensis)不定根诱导的研究中发现,相对于IAA诱导,IBA能诱导更多的转录本表达,这些转录本在IBA处理后至少上调2倍,其中参与类黄酮代谢的2个必需基因C4HCHS在IBA处理下显著上调,表明IBA可以促进黄酮类物质的合成[24],而黄酮类能够参与内源生长素的运输[25]。主成分分析显示,前3个主成分累计贡献率达94.614%,表明这些指标可以综合反映所有变量的大部分信息。在第1主成分中,主要包含谷胱甘肽还原酶、过氧化氢酶和过氧化物酶活性3个指标共同影响,其中谷胱甘肽还原酶活性的特征值最大为0.821,主要反映谷胱甘肽还原酶活性对不定芽诱导的影响最大,这进一步验证了在试验设计时考虑激素种类和浓度的重要性,以及其对椰枣不定芽诱导发育影响的复杂性和多因素控制的特点。激素调控下的生理响应是非常复杂的,在椰枣不定芽的诱导过程中,激素不仅调节细胞分裂和扩展,还可能影响与生长相关的基因表达。在四倍体刺槐(Tetraploidy Robinia pseudoacacia)不定根发生过程中,5′-甲硫腺苷核苷酶基因TrbMTN在IBA处理的扦插苗中表现出更高的转录水平,表明其在植物蛋氨酸(Met)循环途径中起着关键作用[26],而Met循环又与乙烯、多胺等内源激素的生物合成密切相关,乙烯、多胺能影响不定根的发生[27-28]
在本研究中,体系优化是提高不定芽诱导效率的关键因素。通过分析不同激素配比对椰枣不定芽诱导的生理机制,发现谷光甘肽还原酶是抗氧化保护系统的关键物质,高谷胱甘肽还原酶有利于提高芽诱导率,该作用机制为优化培养条件提供了理论依据。研究结果不仅为椰枣的组织培养提供了理论依据,也为其他植物的再生研究提供了参考。优化后的体系显著提高了椰枣不定芽的诱导率和生长速度,说明培养体系的改进可以有效增强植物的再生能力。本研究结果为椰枣的高效繁殖提供了理论依据,具有重要的应用价值。随着全球对椰枣需求的增加,通过优化组织培养技术,可加速椰枣组培苗的规模化生产。未来可结合转基因技术或基因编辑手段,定向调控不定芽分化的关键基因,以提升椰枣的繁殖效率和果实品质。
  • 云南省重大科技专项计划项目(202202AE090104)
  • 中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(16300120 25307)
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2025年第46卷第12期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.12.012
  • 接收时间:2025-07-04
  • 首发时间:2026-06-24
  • 出版时间:2025-12-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-07-04
  • 录用日期:2025-08-11
基金
云南省重大科技专项计划项目(202202AE090104)
中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(16300120 25307)
作者信息
    1.中国热带农业科学院椰子研究所/国家热带棕榈种质资源圃/椰枣资源鉴定评价与种苗繁育国际联合研究中心,海南文昌 571300
    2.南京农业大学园艺学院,江苏南京 210095
    3.云南农业大学热带作物学院,云南普洱 665000

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* 符海泉(FU Haiquan),E-mail:
李杰(LI Jie),E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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