Article(id=1276618525745746276, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276618341674520821, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.12.011, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1748275200000, receivedDateStr=2025-05-27, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1759939200000, acceptedDateStr=2025-10-09, onlineDate=1782299174963, onlineDateStr=2026-06-24, pubDate=1766592000000, pubDateStr=2025-12-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1782299174963, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1782299174963, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1782299174963, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1276618341674520821, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, year='2025', volume='46', issue='12', pageStart='2817', pageEnd='3084', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1766592000000', pubDateStr='2025-12-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1782299131077, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782299208862, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1276618668385637092, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276618341674520821, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1276618668385637093, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276618341674520821, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=2932, endPage=2940, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1276618526140010854, articleId=1276618525745746276, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=EN, title=Fruit Quality and Primary Metabolite Analysis of Four Custard Varieties in the Dry and Hot River Valley of Yunnan, columnId=1236256434120348225, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, columnName=Plant Cultivation, Physiology & Biochemistry, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Fruit quality is the key indicator to measure the commodity value of fruit, and the indicators such as single fruit weight, fruit shape and fruit determination degree (DD) are particularly crucial, which directly affect consumers' desire to buy. In addition, primary metabolites are indispensable substances in the process of plant growth and development, which are widely present in all plants, providing basal metabolites and energy support for plant growth, development and reproduction. Primary metabolites such as sugars, organic acids, amino acids and inositol are the key factors affecting fruit quality, and they are also important criteria for measuring fruit flavor and texture. With the improvement of consumers' living standards and the pursuit of healthy fruits, a large amount of data is needed to screen out Annona squamosa varieties with high nutritional value and high sugar. Yunnan's hot and dry valley climate provides an excellent environment for the fruit to thrive. In order to explore the differences in fruit quality and the composition and content of primary metabolites in the pulp of the four varieties of A. squamosa in the dry and hot river valley of Yunnan Province, the varieties with high nutritional value and high sugar were screened. Four varieties (AP, Damu, Fengli and Liulian) from the planting base of Yuanjiang County, Yuxi City, Yunnan Province were used as the test materials. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to determine the composition and content of primary metabolites per unit weight of fresh fruit pulp, and the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) were used for comprehensive analysis and evaluation. Among the four cultivars in the dry-hot valley area of Yunnan, AP A. squamosa had the largest single fruit weight. The content of soluble solids (TSS) in Liulian A. squamosa was the highest. The fruit shape of the Damu A. squamosa is oval, and the other three varieties are oblong; The fruit DD of Fengli A. squamosa was the smallest, and there was no significant difference among the other three cultivars. A total of 43 primary metabolites were detected in the pulp of the four cultivars, including 9 amino acids, 13 organic acids, inositol and 20 soluble sugars. Further analysis of the contents of various primary metabolites in the pulp of the four varieties showed that the contents of sucrose, fructose, glucose, allulose, citric acid and malic acid were the main among the 43 primary metabolites. The contents of glucose, allulose, citric acid and malic acid in Liulian A. squamosa were significantly higher than those of other varieties, and the contents of sucrose and fructose in AP A. squamosa were significantly higher than those of other varieties. In addition, some primary metabolites had significant cultivarity specificity, among which leucine, acetamide acid, xylulose and threonate were only detected in AP A. squamosa. Trehalose is only detected in Liulian A. squamosa. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the variance contribution rate of PC1 was 48.3%, that of PC2 was 25.8%, and that of cumulative variance was 74.1%. Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was used to screen 19 primary metabolites as the characteristic differential metabolites in VIP≥1, including 5 amino acids, serine, L-hydroxyproline, leucine, L-norvaline and L-glutamic acid. 2 organic acids, acetamide and 2-ketoglutarate; 7 soluble sugars, namely D-(+)-xylose, D-arabinose, hexapyranose, xylulose, L-threonose, L-(-)-fucose, sucrose, d-galactose, D-(+)-pinedisinose, maltose and D-(+)-cellobiose; and inositol. From the perspective of basic quality and primary metabolite level, the fruit TSS and primary metabolite content of Liulian A. squamosa were the highest, while the TSS of Fengli A. squamosa was moderate and the outer gauge was the most regular. Therefore, the two varieties can be promoted and planted as A. squamosa varieties with high nutritional value and high sugar in dry and hot river valleys.

, authors=null, authorsList=Yinxiao ZHU, Birong ZHANG, Haiyun DING, Weijie LIU, Suyun YAN, Minxian DUAN, Yunjiang CHENG, Jianwen LI, Jianqi LI, Xianyan ZHOU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Jianqi LI, Xianyan ZHOU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1276618527381524848, articleId=1276618525745746276, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=CN, title=云南干热河谷4个番荔枝品种果实品质和初级代谢物分析, columnId=1236256434313286224, journalTitle=热带作物学报, columnName=作物栽培与生理生化, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为探究云南干热河谷4个番荔枝品种的果实品质,以及果肉初级代谢物组分与含量差异,筛选适宜在干热河谷区种植的高营养价值与高糖的番荔枝品种。本研究以云南干热河谷区的4个番荔枝品种[AP(African pride)番荔枝、大目释迦、凤梨释迦、榴莲释迦]为试验材料,测定其果实品质,并运用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用技术测定果肉初级代谢物的组分与含量。通过单因素方差分析(ANOVA)、主成分分析(PCA)和偏最小二乘法判别分析(PLS-DA)进行综合评价。结果显示,在云南干热河谷区4个番荔枝品种中,AP番荔枝的单果质量最大;大目释迦的果形为扁圆形,其余3个品种均为椭圆形;凤梨释迦的果实偏斜度(DD)最小;榴莲释迦的果实可溶性固形物(TSS)含量最高。4个番荔枝品种的果肉共检出43种初级代谢物,其中氨基酸9种,有机酸13种,肌醇1种及可溶性糖20种。通过主成分分析(PCA),榴莲释迦和大目释迦与其他品种明显分离;偏最小二乘法判别分析(PLS-DA)以VIP≥1筛选出19种初级代谢物为特征性差异代谢物。从基本品质和初级代谢物水平来看,榴莲释迦的果实TSS及初级代谢物含量均最高,凤梨释迦的TSS含量适中且外规最规整。因此,这2个番荔枝品种可作为高营养价值和高糖品种在干热河谷区推广种植。

, authors=

朱银潇(2001—),女,本科生,研究方向:农产品加工贮藏。

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* 周先艳(ZHOU Xianyan),E-mail:
李健琪(LI Jianqi),E-mail:
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朱银潇(2001—),女,本科生,研究方向:农产品加工贮藏。

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(in Chinese), articleTitle=Effects of exogenous substances on quality and sugar metabolism of postharvest Annona squamosa, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276618546457219570, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618525745746276, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=19, issue=15, pageStart=5120, pageEnd=5128, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=38, authorNames=黄伟雄, 方仁, 安振宇, 尧金艳, journalName=分子植物育种, refType=null, unstructuredReference=黄伟雄, 方仁, 安振宇, 尧金艳. 番荔枝果实发育进程中糖分累积机制分析[J]. 分子植物育种 2021, 19(15): 5120-5128., articleTitle=番荔枝果实发育进程中糖分累积机制分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276618546520134131, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618525745746276, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=19, issue=15, pageStart=5120, pageEnd=5128, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=39, authorNames=HUANG W X, FANG R, AN Z Y, YAO J Y, journalName=Molecular Plant Breeding, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HUANG W X, FANG R, AN Z Y, YAO J Y. Identification analysis of sugar accumulation during Annona squamosa fruit development[J]. Molecular Plant Breeding, 2021, 19(15): 5120-5128. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Identification analysis of sugar accumulation during Annona squamosa fruit development, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276618546595631604, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618525745746276, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=362, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=40, authorNames=FAN F Y, HUANG C S, TONG Y L, GUO H W, ZHOU S J, YE J H, GONG S Y, journalName=Food Chemistry, refType=null, unstructuredReference=FAN F Y, HUANG C S, TONG Y L, GUO H W, ZHOU S J, YE J H, GONG S Y. Widely targeted metabolomics analysis of white peony teas with different storage time and association with sensory attributes[J]. Food Chemistry, 2021, 362: 130257. 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Varieties and characteristics of the tropical fruit Annona squamosa[J]. Special Economic Animals and Plants, 2017, 20(3): 46-48. 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注:不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)

, figureFileSmall=5HT8YofGNbdeDru43FAwhA==, figureFileBig=0BiuwbbSjqLZGlVjFkSP4g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276618540996235712, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618525745746276, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=PCA and PLS-DA analysis of content of primary metabolites in pulp of four A. squamosa cultivars, figureFileSmall=nJamV6t00thKhgUBAikzdA==, figureFileBig=wdXorZNDErvODPo3kjgS/A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276618541063344577, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618525745746276, language=CN, label=图2, caption=4个番荔枝品种果肉初级代谢物含量PCA和PLS-DA分析, figureFileSmall=nJamV6t00thKhgUBAikzdA==, figureFileBig=wdXorZNDErvODPo3kjgS/A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276618541205950914, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618525745746276, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Fruit quality analysis of four A. squamosa cultivars

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
品种Variety单果质量Fruit weight/g横径Fruit length/mm纵径Fruit width/mm果形指数Fruit shape index果实偏斜度Fruit determination degree/%可溶性固形物含量Soluble solidscontent/%
AP番荔枝354.83±9.42a82.35±4.07a96.35±0.37a1.17±0.06a25.00a23.00±3.01bc
大目释迦236.11±8.28b87.35±1.22a82.19±5.00a0.94±0.06a24.00a19.63±0.21c
凤梨释迦246.20±0.17ab79.58±8.86a94.47±1.63a1.20±0.14a18.33b27.23±0.67ab
榴莲释迦308.35±112.42ab81.11±1.49a96.58±24.74a1.19±0.31a25.00a30.40±3.86a
), ArticleFig(id=1276618541268865475, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618525745746276, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

4个番荔枝品种果实品质分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
品种Variety单果质量Fruit weight/g横径Fruit length/mm纵径Fruit width/mm果形指数Fruit shape index果实偏斜度Fruit determination degree/%可溶性固形物含量Soluble solidscontent/%
AP番荔枝354.83±9.42a82.35±4.07a96.35±0.37a1.17±0.06a25.00a23.00±3.01bc
大目释迦236.11±8.28b87.35±1.22a82.19±5.00a0.94±0.06a24.00a19.63±0.21c
凤梨释迦246.20±0.17ab79.58±8.86a94.47±1.63a1.20±0.14a18.33b27.23±0.67ab
榴莲释迦308.35±112.42ab81.11±1.49a96.58±24.74a1.19±0.31a25.00a30.40±3.86a
), ArticleFig(id=1276618541340168644, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618525745746276, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Variation of primary metabolites in pulp of four A. squamosa varieties

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标Index最大值Maximum/(μg·g-1最小值Minimum/(μg·g-1平均值Mean/(μg·g-1标准差Standard deviation/(μg·g-1变异系数Coefficient of variation/%
有机酸4393.802967.223366.56688.8620.46
氨基酸1212.37357.36671.55390.9558.22
可溶性糖41 926.9136 328.1738 677.902481.946.42
肌醇279.97138.11210.4074.4035.36
), ArticleFig(id=1276618541419860421, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618525745746276, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

4个番荔枝品种果肉中初级代谢物变异情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标Index最大值Maximum/(μg·g-1最小值Minimum/(μg·g-1平均值Mean/(μg·g-1标准差Standard deviation/(μg·g-1变异系数Coefficient of variation/%
有机酸4393.802967.223366.56688.8620.46
氨基酸1212.37357.36671.55390.9558.22
可溶性糖41 926.9136 328.1738 677.902481.946.42
肌醇279.97138.11210.4074.4035.36
), ArticleFig(id=1276618541482774982, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618525745746276, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

Analysis of types and contents of primary metabolites in pulp of four A. squamosa varieties

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
物质CompoundsAP番荔枝African pride大目释迦Annona squamosal(damu)凤梨释迦Pineapple sugar apple榴莲释迦Durian sugar apple
肌醇154.60±4.66b268.94±3.10a138.11±2.38c279.97±8.99a
柠檬酸1208.94±10.72c1144.43±7.62d1270.15±6.13b1411.78±51.74a
奎宁酸28.15±0.21c96.14±7.12b33.22±0.85c177.49±2.36a
硬脂酸23.69±0.56a21.52±1.46a20.12±2.23b19.62±0.96b
亮氨酸4.92±0.03a
丁二酸21.67±0.36a15.03±4.38b10.44±0.19b4.13±0.62c
丝氨酸32.24±0.10a17.49±2.01c21.05±0.59b22.23±0.49b
苹果酸883.97±4.89c843.27±23.26d960.62±1.31b1346.59±11.59a
苯丙氨酸14.12±0.33a13.76±1.65ab12.42±0.20ab11.87±0.21b
半乳糖酸297.07±3.64c643.68±24.19a335.53±1.92b643.10±11.45a
乙酰胺酸53.86±0.84a
戊酸28.75±0.75b21.94±0.66c30.28±0.16a18.39±0.30d
考尔-16-烯-18-酸136.78±2.19b91.25±1.45c132.88±4.50b664.50±5.64a
2-酮戊二酸23.04±0.73b12.71±0.41c37.23±0.79a
4-氨基丁酸208.68±0.65a183.56±3.31b115.60±0.57c
氨基己酸20.28±0.85ab18.26±1.90b21.71±0.97a21.08±0.12ab
D-葡萄糖酸32.35±0.27b50.25±0.99a32.64±7.05b49.88±7.57a
DL-焦谷氨酸65.93±0.95b59.16±8.90b56.51±1.50b105.51±3.28a
L-正缬氨酸10.83±0.10a6.39±0.51c8.15±0.06b8.08±0.13b
L-脯氨酸163.58±1.54d250.04±11.57c536.34±0.26b983.23±10.30a
L-苏氨酸24.59±0.44c31.34±0.42b23.24±0.42d39.92±0.05a
L-羟脯氨酸12.80±0.17b10.82±0.90c30.85±1.03a32.09±0.43a
L-谷氨酸28.33±1.07a24.93±1.58b13.98±0.70c9.45±0.17d
木酮糖12.18±0.14a
麦芽糖491.13±4.85b455.96±27.72b355.14±18.34c701.83±19.47a
古洛糖482.09±238.89a1083.95±30.18a772.68±162.47a1105.85±572.45a
六吡喃糖8.54±0.60b9.57±0.54b13.30±1.41a12.66±0.32a
蔗糖8937.34±520.97a4745.10±35.84b8861.57±673.61a8326.53±270.46a
帕拉金糖119.42±1.60b131.64±27.19b102.38±1.56b171.67±2.69a
l-吡喃半乳糖29.08±2.10a12.98±1.70c24.91±7.58ab15.34±3.63bc
d-甘露糖24.70±1.06b144.11±18.85a61.76±17.19b174.14±58.79a
乳糖93.51±34.49ab169.42±53.10a61.20±1.93b103.12±12.03ab
D-阿拉伯糖27.66±3.74b16.98±2.33c14.37±0.95c35.24±0.59a
D-(+)-木糖25.98±6.89a19.52±0.36a
d-半乳糖171.90±1.46b143.96±5.44c177.81±1.77ab186.23±5.21a
D-(+)-松二糖371.10±11.63b216.63±12.85c391.36±6.99b483.58±12.88a
D-果糖13 429.52±1365.37a11 796.01±784.03ab11 827.06±411.12ab10 540.40±314.59b
d-葡萄糖10 828.82±2468.72ab12 702.91±1295.00a9186.03±98.19b13 681.92±368.47a
D-阿洛糖4086.62±299.65c5305.67±124.62b4398.21±54.98c6072.54±138.96a
D-(+)-纤维二糖97.39±19.32b262.80±50.17a42.98±0.87b295.24±11.63a
D-海藻糖14.07±0.64a
L-(-)-岩藻糖10.50±3.09b4.97±0.59b17.87±0.73a6.54±4.52b
L-(+)-苏糖6.36±0.72a
), ArticleFig(id=1276618541562466759, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618525745746276, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

4个番荔枝品种果肉初级代谢物种类及含量分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
物质CompoundsAP番荔枝African pride大目释迦Annona squamosal(damu)凤梨释迦Pineapple sugar apple榴莲释迦Durian sugar apple
肌醇154.60±4.66b268.94±3.10a138.11±2.38c279.97±8.99a
柠檬酸1208.94±10.72c1144.43±7.62d1270.15±6.13b1411.78±51.74a
奎宁酸28.15±0.21c96.14±7.12b33.22±0.85c177.49±2.36a
硬脂酸23.69±0.56a21.52±1.46a20.12±2.23b19.62±0.96b
亮氨酸4.92±0.03a
丁二酸21.67±0.36a15.03±4.38b10.44±0.19b4.13±0.62c
丝氨酸32.24±0.10a17.49±2.01c21.05±0.59b22.23±0.49b
苹果酸883.97±4.89c843.27±23.26d960.62±1.31b1346.59±11.59a
苯丙氨酸14.12±0.33a13.76±1.65ab12.42±0.20ab11.87±0.21b
半乳糖酸297.07±3.64c643.68±24.19a335.53±1.92b643.10±11.45a
乙酰胺酸53.86±0.84a
戊酸28.75±0.75b21.94±0.66c30.28±0.16a18.39±0.30d
考尔-16-烯-18-酸136.78±2.19b91.25±1.45c132.88±4.50b664.50±5.64a
2-酮戊二酸23.04±0.73b12.71±0.41c37.23±0.79a
4-氨基丁酸208.68±0.65a183.56±3.31b115.60±0.57c
氨基己酸20.28±0.85ab18.26±1.90b21.71±0.97a21.08±0.12ab
D-葡萄糖酸32.35±0.27b50.25±0.99a32.64±7.05b49.88±7.57a
DL-焦谷氨酸65.93±0.95b59.16±8.90b56.51±1.50b105.51±3.28a
L-正缬氨酸10.83±0.10a6.39±0.51c8.15±0.06b8.08±0.13b
L-脯氨酸163.58±1.54d250.04±11.57c536.34±0.26b983.23±10.30a
L-苏氨酸24.59±0.44c31.34±0.42b23.24±0.42d39.92±0.05a
L-羟脯氨酸12.80±0.17b10.82±0.90c30.85±1.03a32.09±0.43a
L-谷氨酸28.33±1.07a24.93±1.58b13.98±0.70c9.45±0.17d
木酮糖12.18±0.14a
麦芽糖491.13±4.85b455.96±27.72b355.14±18.34c701.83±19.47a
古洛糖482.09±238.89a1083.95±30.18a772.68±162.47a1105.85±572.45a
六吡喃糖8.54±0.60b9.57±0.54b13.30±1.41a12.66±0.32a
蔗糖8937.34±520.97a4745.10±35.84b8861.57±673.61a8326.53±270.46a
帕拉金糖119.42±1.60b131.64±27.19b102.38±1.56b171.67±2.69a
l-吡喃半乳糖29.08±2.10a12.98±1.70c24.91±7.58ab15.34±3.63bc
d-甘露糖24.70±1.06b144.11±18.85a61.76±17.19b174.14±58.79a
乳糖93.51±34.49ab169.42±53.10a61.20±1.93b103.12±12.03ab
D-阿拉伯糖27.66±3.74b16.98±2.33c14.37±0.95c35.24±0.59a
D-(+)-木糖25.98±6.89a19.52±0.36a
d-半乳糖171.90±1.46b143.96±5.44c177.81±1.77ab186.23±5.21a
D-(+)-松二糖371.10±11.63b216.63±12.85c391.36±6.99b483.58±12.88a
D-果糖13 429.52±1365.37a11 796.01±784.03ab11 827.06±411.12ab10 540.40±314.59b
d-葡萄糖10 828.82±2468.72ab12 702.91±1295.00a9186.03±98.19b13 681.92±368.47a
D-阿洛糖4086.62±299.65c5305.67±124.62b4398.21±54.98c6072.54±138.96a
D-(+)-纤维二糖97.39±19.32b262.80±50.17a42.98±0.87b295.24±11.63a
D-海藻糖14.07±0.64a
L-(-)-岩藻糖10.50±3.09b4.97±0.59b17.87±0.73a6.54±4.52b
L-(+)-苏糖6.36±0.72a
), ArticleFig(id=1276618541642158536, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618525745746276, language=EN, label=Tab. 4, caption=

PLS-DA analysis of differences in primary metabolites in pulp of four A. squamosa cultivars

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物质Compounds编号ID预测变量重要性投影VIP物质Compounds编号ID预测变量重要性投影VIP
D-(+)-木糖11.20蔗糖111.12
D-阿拉伯糖21.182-酮戊二酸121.11
六吡喃糖31.15L-正缬氨酸131.11
丝氨酸41.14d-半乳糖141.10
L-羟脯氨酸51.14D-(+)-松二糖151.09
亮氨酸61.13麦芽糖161.08
木酮糖71.13L-谷氨酸171.04
乙酰胺酸81.13(+)-纤维二糖181.01
L-苏糖91.12肌醇191.01
L-(-)-岩藻糖101.12
), ArticleFig(id=1276618541726044617, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618525745746276, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

4个番荔枝品种果肉初级代谢物差异PLS-DA分析

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物质Compounds编号ID预测变量重要性投影VIP物质Compounds编号ID预测变量重要性投影VIP
D-(+)-木糖11.20蔗糖111.12
D-阿拉伯糖21.182-酮戊二酸121.11
六吡喃糖31.15L-正缬氨酸131.11
丝氨酸41.14d-半乳糖141.10
L-羟脯氨酸51.14D-(+)-松二糖151.09
亮氨酸61.13麦芽糖161.08
木酮糖71.13L-谷氨酸171.04
乙酰胺酸81.13(+)-纤维二糖181.01
L-苏糖91.12肌醇191.01
L-(-)-岩藻糖101.12
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云南干热河谷4个番荔枝品种果实品质和初级代谢物分析
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朱银潇 1, 2 , 张碧蓉 1 , 丁海云 4 , 刘伟杰 1, 2 , 闫素云 1 , 段敏仙 1 , 程运江 2 , 李健文 4 , 李健琪 3, * , 周先艳 1, *
热带作物学报 | 作物栽培与生理生化 2025,46(12): 2932-2940
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热带作物学报 |作物栽培与生理生化 2025 , 46 (12) : 2932 -2940
云南干热河谷4个番荔枝品种果实品质和初级代谢物分析
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朱银潇1, 2, 张碧蓉1, 丁海云4, 刘伟杰1, 2, 闫素云1, 段敏仙1, 程运江2, 李健文4, 李健琪3, * , 周先艳1, *
作者信息
  • 1.云南省农业科学院热带亚热带经济作物研究所,云南保山 678000
  • 2.华中农业大学,湖北武汉 430000
  • 3.元江哈尼族彝族傣族自治县农田农机管理服务中心,云南元江 653300
  • 4.元江哈尼族彝族傣族自治县种植业发展服务中心,云南元江 653300
通讯作者:
* 周先艳(ZHOU Xianyan),E-mail:
李健琪(LI Jianqi),E-mail:
Fruit Quality and Primary Metabolite Analysis of Four Custard Varieties in the Dry and Hot River Valley of Yunnan
Yinxiao ZHU1, 2, Birong ZHANG1, Haiyun DING4, Weijie LIU1, 2, Suyun YAN1, Minxian DUAN1, Yunjiang CHENG2, Jianwen LI4, Jianqi LI3, * , Xianyan ZHOU1, *
Affiliations
  • 1.Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Cash Crops, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Baoshan, Yunnan 678000, China
  • 2.Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, China
  • 3.Yuanjiang Hani Yi Dai Autonomous County Farmland and Agricultural Machinery Management Service Center, Yuanjiang, Yunnan 653300, China
  • 4.Yuanjiang Hani Yi Dai Autonomous County Cultivation Development Service Center, Yuanjiang, Yunnan 653300, China
出版时间: 2025-12-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.12.011
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为探究云南干热河谷4个番荔枝品种的果实品质,以及果肉初级代谢物组分与含量差异,筛选适宜在干热河谷区种植的高营养价值与高糖的番荔枝品种。本研究以云南干热河谷区的4个番荔枝品种[AP(African pride)番荔枝、大目释迦、凤梨释迦、榴莲释迦]为试验材料,测定其果实品质,并运用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用技术测定果肉初级代谢物的组分与含量。通过单因素方差分析(ANOVA)、主成分分析(PCA)和偏最小二乘法判别分析(PLS-DA)进行综合评价。结果显示,在云南干热河谷区4个番荔枝品种中,AP番荔枝的单果质量最大;大目释迦的果形为扁圆形,其余3个品种均为椭圆形;凤梨释迦的果实偏斜度(DD)最小;榴莲释迦的果实可溶性固形物(TSS)含量最高。4个番荔枝品种的果肉共检出43种初级代谢物,其中氨基酸9种,有机酸13种,肌醇1种及可溶性糖20种。通过主成分分析(PCA),榴莲释迦和大目释迦与其他品种明显分离;偏最小二乘法判别分析(PLS-DA)以VIP≥1筛选出19种初级代谢物为特征性差异代谢物。从基本品质和初级代谢物水平来看,榴莲释迦的果实TSS及初级代谢物含量均最高,凤梨释迦的TSS含量适中且外规最规整。因此,这2个番荔枝品种可作为高营养价值和高糖品种在干热河谷区推广种植。

番荔枝  /  果实品质  /  初级代谢物  /  干热河谷

Fruit quality is the key indicator to measure the commodity value of fruit, and the indicators such as single fruit weight, fruit shape and fruit determination degree (DD) are particularly crucial, which directly affect consumers' desire to buy. In addition, primary metabolites are indispensable substances in the process of plant growth and development, which are widely present in all plants, providing basal metabolites and energy support for plant growth, development and reproduction. Primary metabolites such as sugars, organic acids, amino acids and inositol are the key factors affecting fruit quality, and they are also important criteria for measuring fruit flavor and texture. With the improvement of consumers' living standards and the pursuit of healthy fruits, a large amount of data is needed to screen out Annona squamosa varieties with high nutritional value and high sugar. Yunnan's hot and dry valley climate provides an excellent environment for the fruit to thrive. In order to explore the differences in fruit quality and the composition and content of primary metabolites in the pulp of the four varieties of A. squamosa in the dry and hot river valley of Yunnan Province, the varieties with high nutritional value and high sugar were screened. Four varieties (AP, Damu, Fengli and Liulian) from the planting base of Yuanjiang County, Yuxi City, Yunnan Province were used as the test materials. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to determine the composition and content of primary metabolites per unit weight of fresh fruit pulp, and the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) were used for comprehensive analysis and evaluation. Among the four cultivars in the dry-hot valley area of Yunnan, AP A. squamosa had the largest single fruit weight. The content of soluble solids (TSS) in Liulian A. squamosa was the highest. The fruit shape of the Damu A. squamosa is oval, and the other three varieties are oblong; The fruit DD of Fengli A. squamosa was the smallest, and there was no significant difference among the other three cultivars. A total of 43 primary metabolites were detected in the pulp of the four cultivars, including 9 amino acids, 13 organic acids, inositol and 20 soluble sugars. Further analysis of the contents of various primary metabolites in the pulp of the four varieties showed that the contents of sucrose, fructose, glucose, allulose, citric acid and malic acid were the main among the 43 primary metabolites. The contents of glucose, allulose, citric acid and malic acid in Liulian A. squamosa were significantly higher than those of other varieties, and the contents of sucrose and fructose in AP A. squamosa were significantly higher than those of other varieties. In addition, some primary metabolites had significant cultivarity specificity, among which leucine, acetamide acid, xylulose and threonate were only detected in AP A. squamosa. Trehalose is only detected in Liulian A. squamosa. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the variance contribution rate of PC1 was 48.3%, that of PC2 was 25.8%, and that of cumulative variance was 74.1%. Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was used to screen 19 primary metabolites as the characteristic differential metabolites in VIP≥1, including 5 amino acids, serine, L-hydroxyproline, leucine, L-norvaline and L-glutamic acid. 2 organic acids, acetamide and 2-ketoglutarate; 7 soluble sugars, namely D-(+)-xylose, D-arabinose, hexapyranose, xylulose, L-threonose, L-(-)-fucose, sucrose, d-galactose, D-(+)-pinedisinose, maltose and D-(+)-cellobiose; and inositol. From the perspective of basic quality and primary metabolite level, the fruit TSS and primary metabolite content of Liulian A. squamosa were the highest, while the TSS of Fengli A. squamosa was moderate and the outer gauge was the most regular. Therefore, the two varieties can be promoted and planted as A. squamosa varieties with high nutritional value and high sugar in dry and hot river valleys.

Annona squamosa  /  fruit quality  /  primary metabolites  /  hot river valley
朱银潇, 张碧蓉, 丁海云, 刘伟杰, 闫素云, 段敏仙, 程运江, 李健文, 李健琪, 周先艳. 云南干热河谷4个番荔枝品种果实品质和初级代谢物分析. 热带作物学报, 2025 , 46 (12) : 2932 -2940 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.12.011
Yinxiao ZHU, Birong ZHANG, Haiyun DING, Weijie LIU, Suyun YAN, Minxian DUAN, Yunjiang CHENG, Jianwen LI, Jianqi LI, Xianyan ZHOU. Fruit Quality and Primary Metabolite Analysis of Four Custard Varieties in the Dry and Hot River Valley of Yunnan[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2025 , 46 (12) : 2932 -2940 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.12.011
番荔枝(Annona squamosa L.)又称释迦果、佛头果,为番荔枝科(Annonaceae)番荔枝属(Annona)多年生半落叶小乔木植物[1-2],是著名的热带水果。我国海南、云南、广西、广东、台湾和福建等热带亚热带省(区)均有栽培。云南的番荔枝种植主要集中在元江、红河、永胜和元谋等县[3]。番荔枝果实为聚生果,成熟后果肉呈乳白色或淡黄色,肉质软糯香甜,具有独特的香甜味道,口感如冰淇淋般丝滑,食用价值极高[4]。此外,番荔枝果肉营养丰富,兼具食疗功能,富含大量蛋白质、氨基酸、维生素和糖类等营养物质,具有增强免疫力、促进肠道蠕动和降低血糖等作用[5-7]。尤其是番荔枝果实中的氨基酸、有机酸和可溶性糖,赋予番荔枝独特的风味与口感,在营养供给和促进健康方面具有显著价值。
番荔枝果实的单果质量、果形和果实偏斜度(DD)是衡量果实品质的重要指标,不同品种间差异较大。同时,不同番荔枝品种果肉中的初级代谢物组分和含量也存在明显差异。程志华等[8]对番荔枝果实的生物学特性研究发现,每100 g番荔枝果肉含1.53~2.38 g蛋白质和101 mg氨基酸,其中人体必需氨基酸有7种。丁利君等[9]通过斐林试剂滴定法测定番荔枝果肉中的含糖量,结果表明其含糖量高达18.15%,比草莓和梨等水果均高。DOS SANTOS等[10]研究表明,凤梨释迦每克果肉含125.25 mg蔗糖、50.75 mg果糖和49.36 mg葡萄糖,含糖量高达32%。张福平等[11]对番荔枝果肉的营养成分分析结果显示,其果肉可溶性固形物含量可达到30%。由此可见,番荔枝果富含氨基酸和糖酸,其种类因品种不同而有所差异。
近年来,随着农业技术的发展和市场需求的增加,云南的番荔枝种植规模不断扩大,已超过3333 hm2,种植技术也日益成熟。云南种植番荔枝的区域主要集中在干热河谷区,种植品种以凤梨释迦和AP番荔枝为主,同时引进大目释迦和榴莲释迦进行区域试验,但目前尚未推广种植。因此,本研究通过对番荔枝果实的单果质量、果形指数、可溶性固形物(TSS)及果肉的初级代谢物差异进行分析,旨在筛选适宜云南干热河谷区栽培的番荔枝品种。
4个番荔枝品种(AP番荔枝、大目释迦、凤梨释迦和榴莲释迦)均采自云南省玉溪市元江县典型的干热河谷区同一标准商业化种植基地,树龄均为5 a,4个品种均用普通番荔枝花粉进行人工授粉,3棵为1个重复,每个品种9棵。采摘成熟度一致、无病虫害和机械伤的果实,6个果为一个重复,共设3个生物学重复,采后立即带回实验室,将番荔枝果实脱皮取果肉,立即用液氮研磨,贮藏于–80 ℃备用。
仪器:气相色谱-质谱联用仪(Trace1600-ISQ761)、电热恒温三用水箱(SHHW.21)超声波清洗机(DTC-15J)、电子天平(Q/SGYN 1003)。试剂:吡啶、盐酸甲氧胺、甲醇、核糖醇、N-甲基-N-(三甲基硅烷基)三氟乙酰胺(Sigma-Aldrich,美国)。
利用游标卡尺分别测量果实的横径和纵径,通过公式(1)计算果形指数;参考蔡敏等[12]的方法利用公式(2)计算DD;使用便携式糖酸仪测定番荔枝果汁的TSS含量,结果以百分比(%)表示,每组设置3个生物学重复,每3个果实混合榨汁为一个生物学重复样本。
式中,HR分别表示果实大面高度和果面至果心距离;hr分别表示果实小面高度和果面至果心距离。
初级代谢物的提取参考周先艳[13]的方法,略有修改。将果肉液氮速冻后研磨成粉,称取300 mg样品置于10 mL离心管中,加入2.7 mL在–20 ℃冰箱预冷的甲醇,再加入0.3 mL含有(0.2 mg/mL)核糖醇(内标)作为定量的标准,充分震荡混匀后放入4 ℃超声波清洗仪FS60中超声15 min,70 ℃水浴锅孵育15 min后放入–20 ℃冰箱冷却,然后在4 ℃,5000×g冷冻离心机离心15 min,取0.1 mL上清液于2 mL离心管中,30 ℃真空浓缩至干燥后加入80 μL的N-三甲基硅烷三氟乙酰胺(MSTFA),30 ℃烘箱孵育30 min。取出样品过膜,进行GC-MS分析。
色谱柱:DB-5MS毛细管色谱柱(30 m×0.25 mm×0.25 μm)。升温程序:以100 ℃开始,保持1 min;以3 ℃/min升至184 ℃;再以0.5 ℃/min升至190 ℃保持1 min,最后以15 ℃/min升至280 ℃保持5 min[13]
基于MWGC数据库,通过质谱分析对样本中的代谢物进行定量、定性分析后与内标的峰面积进行比较,得到初级代谢物的含量(μg/g)。采用Excel 2019软件进行数据整理,并结合SPSS 24.0软件进行单因素分析;采用Origin 2018软件绘制柱形图;采用SIMCA 14.1软件进行主成分分析(PCA)和偏最小二乘法判别分析(PLS-DA),计算预测变量重要性投影(variable importance in projection, VIP),以VIP≥1为条件筛选差异初级代谢物成分,结果提取可视化和作图。
表1可知,4个番荔枝品种的单果质量范围为236.11~354.83 g,AP番荔枝的单果质量最高,为354.83 g,显著高于大目释迦,大目释迦的单果质量最低,为236.11 g。大目释迦的果形为扁圆形,其余3个品种的果形为椭圆形;凤梨释迦的果实偏斜度最小,其余3个品种之间差异不显著。4个品种的TSS含量范围为19.63%~30.40%,榴莲释迦的TSS含量最高,为30.4%,显著高于AP番荔枝和大目释迦;其次为凤梨释迦;大目释迦的TSS含量最低,为19.63%。
表2图1可知,4个番荔枝品种果肉的有机酸含量范围为2967.22~4393.8 μg/g,变异系数为20.46%,榴莲释迦的有机酸含量最高,显著高于其余3个品种。4个品种的氨基酸含量范围为357.36~1212.37 μg/g,变异系数为58.22%,4个品种的氨基酸含量之间差异显著。4个品种的可溶性糖含量范围为36 328.17~41 926.91 μg/g,变异系数为6.42%,榴莲释迦的可溶性糖含量显著高于其他3个品种。4个品种的肌醇含量范围为138.11~279.97 μg/g,榴莲释迦和大目释迦的肌醇含量显著高于AP番荔枝和凤梨释迦。
表3可知,4个番荔枝品种果肉中均检出43种初级代谢物质,其中氨基酸9种,有机酸13种,肌醇1种和可溶性糖20种。43种初级代谢物中以蔗糖、D-果糖、d-葡萄糖、D-阿洛糖、柠檬酸和苹果酸含量为主,榴莲释迦的d-葡萄糖、D-阿洛糖、柠檬酸和苹果酸含量最高,分别为13 681.92、6072.54、1411.78、1346.59 μg/g,AP番荔枝的蔗糖和D-果糖含量最高,分别为8937.34、13 429.52 μg/g,大目释迦的d-葡萄糖和D-阿洛糖含量仅次于榴莲释迦,分别为12 702.91、5305.67 μg/g,凤梨释迦的柠檬酸和苹果酸含量也仅次于榴莲释迦,为1270.15、960.62 μg/g,蔗糖含量仅次于AP番荔枝,为8861.57 μg/g。4个品种的蔗糖含量为4745.10~8937.34 μg/g,AP番荔枝、凤梨释迦和榴莲释迦的蔗糖含量显著高于大目释迦,但三者之间差异不显著。4个品种的D-果糖含量为10 540.40~13 429.52 μg/g,AP番荔枝的D-果糖含量最高,其他3个品种之间差异不显著。4个品种的d-葡萄糖含量为9186.03~13 681.92 μg/g,榴莲释迦的d-葡萄糖含量最高,与大目释迦之间差异不显著,二者显著高于凤梨释迦。4个品种的D-阿洛糖含量为4398.21~6072.54 μg/g,榴莲释迦的D-阿洛糖含量显著高于其他3个品种,大目释迦的D-阿洛糖含量显著高于AP番荔枝和大目释迦。4个品种的柠檬酸含量为1144.43~1411.78 μg/g,榴莲释迦的柠檬酸含量显著高于其他3个品种。4个品种的苹果酸含量为843.27~1346.59 μg/g,榴莲释迦显著高于其他3个品种。苯丙氨酸是人体必需氨基酸,4个品种的苯丙氨酸含量为11.87~14.12 μg/g,AP番荔枝和大目释迦中的苯丙氨酸含量较高,显著高于榴莲释迦。对人体健康有益的氨基酸主要有L-脯氨酸和L-苏氨酸,4个品种中,榴莲释迦的L-脯氨酸含量最高,其次是凤梨释迦,二者含量分别为983.23、536.34 μg/g;L-苏氨酸含量最高的是榴莲释迦,其次是大目释迦,二者含量分别为39.92、31.34 μg/g。部分初级代谢物存在显著的品种特异性,其中亮氨酸、乙酰胺酸、木酮糖、L-(+)-苏糖仅在AP番荔枝中检出;D-海藻糖仅在榴莲释迦中检出;D-(+)-木糖仅在大目释迦和凤梨释迦中检出;除大目释迦外,其余3个品种均检出2-酮戊二酸;榴莲释迦未检出4-氨基丁酸。
为了更好地了解果肉初级代谢物组分的差异,使用PCA分析对初级代谢物数据进行降维处理,得到得分散点图(图2)。其中PC1的方差贡献率为48.3%,PC2的方差贡献率为25.8%,累计方差贡献率达到74.1%,因此认为用PC1和PC2分析样本具有较强的可靠性。PC1方向上,榴莲释迦与AP番荔枝、大目释迦和凤梨释迦明显分离,AP番荔枝、大目释迦和凤梨释迦分布比较集中,榴莲释迦位于正轴,大目释迦位置居中,而其他2个品种位于负轴;PC2方向上,大目释迦位于负轴,与AP番荔枝、凤梨释迦和榴莲释迦明显分离,其他3个品种没有分离。
为进一步探究不同初级代谢物对区分4个番荔枝品种中的作用,对这4个品种的43种初级代谢物进行PLS-DA分析。结果显示,以VIP≥1为筛选标准,共识别出19种具有特征性的初级代谢物(表4),其中亮氨酸、木酮糖、乙酰胺酸和L-苏糖仅在AP番荔枝中被检出;D-(+)-木糖仅在大目释迦和凤梨释迦中被检出;除大目释迦外,其余3个品种均检出2-酮戊二酸;而4-氨基丁酸在榴莲释迦中未被检出,这些物质对区分番荔枝品种具有较大贡献。
果实品质是衡量果实商品价值的重要指标,其中单果质量、果形和DD等指标尤为关键,直接影响消费者的购买欲望[14]。云南干热河谷区种植的4个番荔枝品种均采自同一果园,且均用普通番荔枝花粉进行人工授粉,受外界气候因素如光照和昼夜温差等因素影响一致,因此,果实品质的差异主要与遗传因素密切相关。本研究的番荔枝单果质量范围为236.11~354.83 g,其中AP番荔枝的单果质量最高,为354.83 g,而大目释迦的单果质量最低,为236.11 g;大目释迦的果形为扁圆形,其余3个品种为椭圆形;凤梨释迦的果实偏斜度最小,其余3个品种之间无显著性差异。劳素婵等[15]对凤梨释迦的研究结果表明,其果形指数约1.12,这与本研究结果一致。
初级代谢物是植物生长发育过程中不可或缺的物质,广泛存在于所有植物中,为植物的生长、发育和繁殖提供基础代谢产物和能量支持[16]。糖类、有机酸、氨基酸和肌醇等初级代谢物是影响果实品质的关键因素,也是衡量果实风味和口感的重要标准[17]。本研究从云南种植的4个番荔枝品种中共检出43种初级代谢物,其中氨基酸9种,有机酸13种,可溶性糖20种及肌醇1种,说明番荔枝果肉中含有丰富的生物活性物质,营养价值极高。
氨基酸是构成蛋白质的基本单位,其不仅是营养物质,在风味品质方面也起着重要作用[18]。4个番荔枝品种的果肉共检出9种氨基酸,分别是丝氨酸、苯丙氨酸、DL-焦谷氨酸、L-正缬氨酸、L-脯氨酸、L-苏氨酸、L-羟脯氨酸、L-谷氨酸和亮氨酸。其中榴莲释迦的氨基酸含量显著高于其他3个品种,其次是凤梨释迦;9种氨基酸中含量最高的是L-脯氨酸,其次是DL-焦谷氨酸。有研究表明,L-脯氨酸可作为营养补充剂和风味剂[19],它还是人体合成蛋白质所必需的20种氨基酸之一,补充一定量的L-脯氨酸能够改善因缺少视网膜色素上皮引起的视力障碍[20]。可溶性糖既可以参与植物光合作用、呼吸作用等重要的生理过程[21],又是评价果实风味的重要指标。本研究结果表明,云南种植的4个番荔枝品种中可溶性糖的含量最高,与黄伟雄等[22]的研究结果一致,其研究结果表明番荔枝果实的含糖量较高,100 g果肉中的TSS含量为20%。本研究中番荔枝所含的可溶性糖主要为果糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖和阿洛糖,果糖和葡萄糖的含量分别高达13429.52 μg/g和13681.92 μg/g。不同品种含糖量存在较大差异,4个番荔枝品种中,含糖量最高的是榴莲释迦,其次是AP番荔枝。另一影响番荔枝风味品质的重要因素是有机酸的组分和含量[23],本研究主要检出的有机酸为柠檬酸、苹果酸和半乳糖酸。郭文场等[24]对不同番荔枝品种的有机酸分析结果表明,不同品种间有机酸含量存在差异,AP番荔枝的总酸为0.37%,而虎门番荔枝的总酸为0.1%。本研究中,大目释迦和榴莲释迦的有机酸含量与其他2个品种之间差异显著。通过PLS-DA分析,以VIP≥1筛选出19种初级代谢物,说明这19种初级代谢物是这4个品种的主要差异代谢物。其中亮氨酸、木酮糖、乙酰胺酸和苏糖仅在AP番荔枝中被检出;木糖仅在大目释迦和凤梨释迦中被检出;除大目释迦外,其余3个品种均检出2-酮戊二酸;而榴莲释迦中未检出4-氨基丁酸,这几种物质的分布特点对区分这4种番荔枝品种具有重要参考价值。
云南干热河谷区4个番荔枝品种中,AP番荔枝的单果质量最大;大目释迦的果形为扁圆形,其余3个品种均为椭圆形;凤梨释迦的DD最小,外观最规整;榴莲释迦的果实TSS、氨基酸、有机酸、肌醇及可溶性糖含量均最高。因此,从果实品质和初级代谢物水平来看,榴莲释迦的含糖量和初级代谢物含量均最高,凤梨释迦的TSS含量适中,外规最规整,这2个品种可作为高营养价值、高糖和果形好的品种在干热河谷区推广种植。
  • 云南省科技厅科技人才与平台计划项目(202105AD160049)
  • 德宏州英才兴边计划项目(2022RC010; 2022RC015)
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2025年第46卷第12期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.12.011
  • 接收时间:2025-05-27
  • 首发时间:2026-06-24
  • 出版时间:2025-12-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-05-27
  • 录用日期:2025-10-09
基金
云南省科技厅科技人才与平台计划项目(202105AD160049)
德宏州英才兴边计划项目(2022RC010; 2022RC015)
作者信息
    1.云南省农业科学院热带亚热带经济作物研究所,云南保山 678000
    2.华中农业大学,湖北武汉 430000
    3.元江哈尼族彝族傣族自治县农田农机管理服务中心,云南元江 653300
    4.元江哈尼族彝族傣族自治县种植业发展服务中心,云南元江 653300

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* 周先艳(ZHOU Xianyan),E-mail:
李健琪(LI Jianqi),E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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