Article(id=1276616476811461061, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276616263778562546, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.11.011, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1750780800000, receivedDateStr=2025-06-25, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1754409600000, acceptedDateStr=2025-08-06, onlineDate=1782298686458, onlineDateStr=2026-06-24, pubDate=1764000000000, pubDateStr=2025-11-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1782298686458, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1782298686458, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1782298686458, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1276616263778562546, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, year='2025', volume='46', issue='11', pageStart='2549', pageEnd='2815', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1764000000000', pubDateStr='2025-11-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1782298635668, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782299117657, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1276618285483426694, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276616263778562546, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1276618285487620999, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276616263778562546, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=2655, endPage=2666, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1276616478417879495, articleId=1276616476811461061, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=EN, title=Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Postponing and Magnesium Fertilizer Coupling on Growth, Yield and Quality of Pineapple, columnId=1236256434120348225, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, columnName=Plant Cultivation, Physiology & Biochemistry, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

A field split plot experiment of pineapple was carried out from 2023 to 2024 to explore the effects of nitrogen fertilizer postponing and magnesium fertilizer coupling on the growth and development, yield and quality of pineapple and to provide practical reference for scientific fertilization management of pineapple. The main area was magnesium application rate, namely MgO 0 kg/hm2 (M0), MgO 37.5 kg/hm2 (M1) and MgO 75 kg/hm2 (M2). The sub-area was conventional nitrogen application treatment (N1) and nitrogen fertilizer postponing treatment (30% of nitrogen fertilizer in slow growth period and flowering period was postponed to rapid growth period and fruit enlargement period, respectively) (N2). The leaf number, leaf area index, chlorophyll content, dry matter accumulation, yield and quality indexes of pineapple were measured during the key growth period of pineapple. The results showed that compared with N1, N2 could significantly increase the contents of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b in pineapple leaves at mature stage, and increase the number of leaves and leaf area index of pineapple at red stage. Compared with N1, the dry matter quality and yield at maturity stage increased by 9.40% and 7.65%, respectively, and the vitamin C content and soluble sugar content of fruit were also significantly higher than those of N1 (P<0.05), while the difference in yield was not significant. Similarly, compared with M0 and M2 treatments, M1 treatment could significantly increase the contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoids in leaves, and the leaf number and leaf area index of pineapple at the red stage of flowering increased significantly, thereby improving the dry matter quality and yield at the mature stage, and the difference was significant (P<0.05). The fruit dry matter distribution rate, soluble sugar content, soluble protein content, vitamin C content and sugar-acid ratio under M1 treatment were significantly higher than those under M0 and M1 treatments (P<0.05). Interaction effect analysis revealed that N2M1 treatment could increase the content of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoid in pineapple compared with other treatments, and then the number of leaves, leaf area index and dry matter quality increased significantly. Yield increased significantly by 19.43%, 17.39%, 10.07% and 24.96% compared with those of N2M0 (P<0.05), N1M2, N1M1 and N1M0, respectively, but not significantly different from that of N2M2. The fruit shape index, vitamin C, soluble sugar, soluble protein content and sugar-acid ratio of pineapple fruit treated with N2M1 were higher than those of other treatments, and there was a significant difference between N2M1 and N1M0 (P<0.05). Correlation analysis showed that pineapple yield was significantly positively correlated with leaf number, leaf area index, dry matter accumulation, chlorophyll b content, vitamin C, soluble sugar and soluble protein. There was a significant negative correlation with titratable acid content. N2M1 treatment can significantly increase the number of leaves, leaf area index and photosynthetic pigment content of pineapple plants, increase fruit dry matter distribution, thereby increasing pineapple yield and effectively improving fruit quality. Therefore, N2M1 could be recommended as the best model for fertilization management of pineapple in tropical regions.

, authors=null, authorsList=Dairen SHI, Ruihong JIA, Jingang YE, Shoupeng LI, Changzhen LI, Changjiang LI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Changjiang LI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1276616483354575321, articleId=1276616476811461061, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=CN, title=氮肥后移与镁肥耦合对菠萝生长发育及产量品质的影响, columnId=1236256434313286224, journalTitle=热带作物学报, columnName=作物栽培与生理生化, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为探究氮肥后移与镁肥耦合下对菠萝生长发育及产量品质的影响,于2023—2024年开展菠萝田间裂区试验,主区为施镁量水平,即MgO 0 kg/hm2(M0)、MgO 37.5 kg/hm2(M1)和MgO 75 kg/hm2(M2),副区为常规施氮处理(N1)与氮肥后移处理(缓慢生长期和催花期各30%的氮肥用量分别后移至快速生长期和果实膨大期施用)(N2),在菠萝关键生育时期测定菠萝叶片数、叶面积指数、叶绿素含量、干物质积累量、成熟期菠萝产量及品质指标。研究结果表明:N2较N1处理能显著提高成熟期菠萝叶片的叶绿素a、叶绿素b含量,增加菠萝催花现红期叶片数和叶面积指数;N2处理成熟期干物质量与产量分别较N1处理增加9.40%和7.65%,且果实维生素C含量和可溶性糖含量也显著高于N1处理(P<0.05),但产量之间差异不显著。同样,M1较M0、M2处理能显著提高叶片叶绿素a、叶绿素b和类胡萝卜素含量,且催花现红期菠萝叶片数和叶面积指数显著提高,进而提高成熟期干物质量和产量,且差异显著(P<0.05);另外,M1处理果实干物质分配率、可溶性糖含量、可溶性蛋白含量、维生素C含量和糖酸比均显著高于M0和M1处理(P<0.05)。从交互效应来看,N2M1处理较其他处理能提高菠萝叶绿素a、叶绿素b和类胡萝卜素含量,进而叶片数、叶面积指数和干物质量均明显增加;其产量分别较N2M0、N1M2、N1M1和N1M0处理显著提高19.43%、17.39%、10.07%和24.96%(P<0.05),但与N2M2处理差异不显著。从品质来看,N2M1处理菠萝果实果形指数、维生素C、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白含量及糖酸比均高于其他处理,且与N1M0处理之间差异显著(P<0.05)。相关性分析发现,菠萝产量与叶片数、叶面积指数、干物质积累量、叶绿素b、维生素C、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白呈显著正相关,与可滴定酸含量呈显著负相关。可见,N2M1处理能显著提高菠萝植株的叶片数、叶面积指数及光合色素含量,提高果实干物质分配,从而提高菠萝产量,有效改善果实品质。因此,N2M1处理可以推荐作为热带地区菠萝施肥管理的最佳模式。

, authors=

石代仁(1996—),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:热带作物高产高效栽培。

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* 李长江(LI Changjiang),E-mail:
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石代仁(1996—),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:热带作物高产高效栽培。

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石代仁(1996—),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:热带作物高产高效栽培。

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(in Chinese), articleTitle=Decomposition characteristics of pineapple plant residues returned to the soil in different ditches, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276616502040199719, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616476811461061, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=42, issue=6, pageStart=1777, pageEnd=1787, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=3, authorNames=严程明, 安东升, 刘洋, 窦美安, journalName=热带作物学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=严程明, 安东升, 刘洋, 窦美安. 菠萝灌溉施肥技术研究进展[J]. 热带作物学报, 2021, 42(6): 1777-1787., articleTitle=菠萝灌溉施肥技术研究进展, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276616502107308584, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616476811461061, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=42, issue=6, pageStart=1777, pageEnd=1787, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=4, authorNames=YAN C M, AN D S, LIU Y, DOU M A, journalName=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YAN C M, AN D S, LIU Y, DOU M A. 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Determination of chlorophyll content and observation of ultrastructure in leaves of mutants of artocarpus heterophyllus[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2021, 42(10): 2935-2941. 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(in Chinese), articleTitle=Effect of supplementary fertigation on pineapple growth, yield and fertigation production, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276616503369794102, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616476811461061, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=45, issue=3, pageStart=514, pageEnd=523, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=18, authorNames=陈丽娟, 王东, 李洪雯, 刘佳, 张国薇, journalName=热带作物学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=陈丽娟, 王东, 李洪雯, 刘佳, 张国薇. 中国樱桃不同品种(优系)果实品质分析[J]. 热带作物学报, 2024, 45(3): 514-523., articleTitle=中国樱桃不同品种(优系)果实品质分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276616505039127095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616476811461061, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=45, issue=3, pageStart=514, pageEnd=523, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=19, authorNames=CHEN L J, WANG D, LI H W, LIU J, ZHANG G W, journalName=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CHEN L J, WANG D, LI H W, LIU J, ZHANG G W. 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Effects of intercropped wheat straw retention on canopy temperature and photosynthetic physiological characteristics of intercropped maize mulched with plastic during grain filling stage[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2020, 53(23): 4764-4776. 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Effect of magnesium fertilizer treatment on the quality of plateau red Fuji apple (Slice Red)[J]. Journal of Fruit Resources, 2023, 4(5): 5-9. 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误差线表示标准差。

, figureFileSmall=cxmf83Mvq12fN2DrwzrGzg==, figureFileBig=zQjXl4K8s/IxqWzZSYyLOA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276616498441486866, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616476811461061, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Dynamic changes of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoid content in pineapple leaves under coupling treatment of nitrogen fertilizer postponing and magnesium fertilizer, figureFileSmall=GUIjGzgW8WouCb6N067rhw==, figureFileBig=ZD0lNv9qMvYyCRhMa+UJ6A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276616498881888787, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616476811461061, language=CN, label=图3, caption=氮肥后移与镁肥耦合下菠萝叶片叶绿素a、b和类胡萝卜素含量动态变化

误差线表示标准差。

, figureFileSmall=GUIjGzgW8WouCb6N067rhw==, figureFileBig=ZD0lNv9qMvYyCRhMa+UJ6A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276616498957386260, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616476811461061, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Dynamic changes of dry matter accumulation of pineapple under coupling treatment of nitrogen fertilizer postponing and magnesium fertilizer, figureFileSmall=stEYhDHOQEOY4IjTBKSpgw==, figureFileBig=3/ErNs4/KBTNZYJ2fFsKNA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276616500580581910, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616476811461061, language=CN, label=图4, caption=氮肥后移与镁肥耦合处理下菠萝干物质积累量的动态变化

误差线表示标准差。

, figureFileSmall=stEYhDHOQEOY4IjTBKSpgw==, figureFileBig=3/ErNs4/KBTNZYJ2fFsKNA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276616500651885079, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616476811461061, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Effects of postponing nitrogen fertilizer and magnesium fertilizer coupling on dry matter distribution, figureFileSmall=EcK97OHmlnZ8kec5s0S/hw==, figureFileBig=GQwz0TnrGWLVePqoD4NKSA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276616500718993944, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616476811461061, language=CN, label=图5, caption=氮肥后移与镁肥耦合对干物质分配的影响

不同小写字母表示菠萝各器官不同处理之间差异显著(P<0.05),误差线表示标准差。

, figureFileSmall=EcK97OHmlnZ8kec5s0S/hw==, figureFileBig=GQwz0TnrGWLVePqoD4NKSA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276616500790297113, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616476811461061, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=Effects of postponing nitrogen fertilizer and magnesium fertilizer coupling on pineapple yield, figureFileSmall=5rlqpfjhq+q8nsMjnrsxCg==, figureFileBig=j5cD5I2BrFwmZInNTVN6Bg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276616500857405978, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616476811461061, language=CN, label=图6, caption=氮肥后移与镁肥耦合对菠萝产量的影响

不同小写字母表示不同处理之间差异显著(P<0.05),误差线表示标准差。

, figureFileSmall=5rlqpfjhq+q8nsMjnrsxCg==, figureFileBig=j5cD5I2BrFwmZInNTVN6Bg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276616500958069275, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616476811461061, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=Correlation analysis of pineapple plant, yield and fruit quality indexes under nitrogen fertilizer postponing and magnesium fertilizer coupling treatment, figureFileSmall=lZh36D4Q/X5k15kiWaY69g==, figureFileBig=rbUtwMcwQlFLwdOuWDX51Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276616501033566748, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616476811461061, language=CN, label=图7, caption=氮肥后移与镁肥耦合处理下菠萝植株、产量和果实品质指标的相关性分析

*表示显著相关(P<0.05),**表示极显著相关(P<0.01)。

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Experimental treatment of nitrogen and magnesium application schemes

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理Treatment氮、镁养分投入量Nitrogen and magnesium nutrient inputs/(kg∙hm-2
NMgO
N1M036+99+90+135+45+45(450)0
N1M136+99+90+135+45+45(450)37.5
N1M236+99+90+135+45+45(450)75
N2M036+69.3+119.7+94.5+85.5+45(450)0
N2M136+69.3+119.7+94.5+85.5+45(450)37.5
N2M236+69.3+119.7+94.5+85.5+45(450)75
), ArticleFig(id=1276616501163590174, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616476811461061, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

试验处理施氮和施镁方案

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理Treatment氮、镁养分投入量Nitrogen and magnesium nutrient inputs/(kg∙hm-2
NMgO
N1M036+99+90+135+45+45(450)0
N1M136+99+90+135+45+45(450)37.5
N1M236+99+90+135+45+45(450)75
N2M036+69.3+119.7+94.5+85.5+45(450)0
N2M136+69.3+119.7+94.5+85.5+45(450)37.5
N2M236+69.3+119.7+94.5+85.5+45(450)75
), ArticleFig(id=1276616501230699039, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616476811461061, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Effects of nitrogen fertilizer postponing and magnesium fertilizer coupling on fruit quality of pineapple

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理Treatment果形指数Shape index of fruit维生素C含量Vitamin C content/(mg·kg-1可滴定酸含量Titratable acid content/%可溶性糖含量Soluble sugar content/%糖酸比Sugar-acid ratio可溶性蛋白含量Soluble protein content/(g·kg-1可溶性固形物含量Soluble solids content/%
N1M01.23±0.06b289.00±23.80c0.37±0.07a11.77±0.70c32.54±7.80c4.35±0.44b14.80±1.42a
N1M11.37±0.08a319.33±10.62c0.25±0.02c12.75±0.70bc52.12±4.07a4.97±0.41ab15.50±0.57a
N1M21.31±0.04ab308.00±23.27c0.28±0.02bc12.87±0.77bc46.17±5.39ab4.65±0.56ab14.70±0.66a
N2M01.29±0.05ab417.33±21.31ab0.31±0.02b12.91±0.57bc41.83±3.00b4.48±0.36b15.05±0.31a
N2M11.35±0.07a428.67±11.81a0.28±0.02bc14.32±0.33a51.75±3.00a5.22±0.44a15.95±0.93a
N2M21.34±0.09ab388.33±23.80b0.29±0.00bc13.67±0.90ab47.46±3.12ab4.89±0.44b15.80±1.04a
F(N)ns**ns*nsnsns
F(M)nsns******ns
F(N×M)nsns*nsnsnsns
), ArticleFig(id=1276616501381693984, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616476811461061, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

氮肥后移与镁肥耦合对菠萝果实品质的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理Treatment果形指数Shape index of fruit维生素C含量Vitamin C content/(mg·kg-1可滴定酸含量Titratable acid content/%可溶性糖含量Soluble sugar content/%糖酸比Sugar-acid ratio可溶性蛋白含量Soluble protein content/(g·kg-1可溶性固形物含量Soluble solids content/%
N1M01.23±0.06b289.00±23.80c0.37±0.07a11.77±0.70c32.54±7.80c4.35±0.44b14.80±1.42a
N1M11.37±0.08a319.33±10.62c0.25±0.02c12.75±0.70bc52.12±4.07a4.97±0.41ab15.50±0.57a
N1M21.31±0.04ab308.00±23.27c0.28±0.02bc12.87±0.77bc46.17±5.39ab4.65±0.56ab14.70±0.66a
N2M01.29±0.05ab417.33±21.31ab0.31±0.02b12.91±0.57bc41.83±3.00b4.48±0.36b15.05±0.31a
N2M11.35±0.07a428.67±11.81a0.28±0.02bc14.32±0.33a51.75±3.00a5.22±0.44a15.95±0.93a
N2M21.34±0.09ab388.33±23.80b0.29±0.00bc13.67±0.90ab47.46±3.12ab4.89±0.44b15.80±1.04a
F(N)ns**ns*nsnsns
F(M)nsns******ns
F(N×M)nsns*nsnsnsns
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氮肥后移与镁肥耦合对菠萝生长发育及产量品质的影响
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石代仁 1 , 贾睿宏 1 , 叶进刚 1 , 李受鹏 1 , 李昌珍 1, 2 , 李长江 1, 2, *
热带作物学报 | 作物栽培与生理生化 2025,46(11): 2655-2666
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热带作物学报 |作物栽培与生理生化 2025 , 46 (11) : 2655 -2666
氮肥后移与镁肥耦合对菠萝生长发育及产量品质的影响
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石代仁(1996—),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:热带作物高产高效栽培。

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石代仁(1996—),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:热带作物高产高效栽培。

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石代仁1, 贾睿宏1, 叶进刚1, 李受鹏1, 李昌珍1, 2, 李长江1, 2, *
作者信息
  • 1.海南大学热带农林学院,海南海口 570228
  • 2.海南大学三亚南繁研究院,海南三亚 572025
通讯作者:
* 李长江(LI Changjiang),E-mail:
Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Postponing and Magnesium Fertilizer Coupling on Growth, Yield and Quality of Pineapple
Dairen SHI1, Ruihong JIA1, Jingang YE1, Shoupeng LI1, Changzhen LI1, 2, Changjiang LI1, 2, *
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
  • 2.Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, Hainan University, Sanya, Hainan 572025, China
出版时间: 2025-11-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.11.011
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为探究氮肥后移与镁肥耦合下对菠萝生长发育及产量品质的影响,于2023—2024年开展菠萝田间裂区试验,主区为施镁量水平,即MgO 0 kg/hm2(M0)、MgO 37.5 kg/hm2(M1)和MgO 75 kg/hm2(M2),副区为常规施氮处理(N1)与氮肥后移处理(缓慢生长期和催花期各30%的氮肥用量分别后移至快速生长期和果实膨大期施用)(N2),在菠萝关键生育时期测定菠萝叶片数、叶面积指数、叶绿素含量、干物质积累量、成熟期菠萝产量及品质指标。研究结果表明:N2较N1处理能显著提高成熟期菠萝叶片的叶绿素a、叶绿素b含量,增加菠萝催花现红期叶片数和叶面积指数;N2处理成熟期干物质量与产量分别较N1处理增加9.40%和7.65%,且果实维生素C含量和可溶性糖含量也显著高于N1处理(P<0.05),但产量之间差异不显著。同样,M1较M0、M2处理能显著提高叶片叶绿素a、叶绿素b和类胡萝卜素含量,且催花现红期菠萝叶片数和叶面积指数显著提高,进而提高成熟期干物质量和产量,且差异显著(P<0.05);另外,M1处理果实干物质分配率、可溶性糖含量、可溶性蛋白含量、维生素C含量和糖酸比均显著高于M0和M1处理(P<0.05)。从交互效应来看,N2M1处理较其他处理能提高菠萝叶绿素a、叶绿素b和类胡萝卜素含量,进而叶片数、叶面积指数和干物质量均明显增加;其产量分别较N2M0、N1M2、N1M1和N1M0处理显著提高19.43%、17.39%、10.07%和24.96%(P<0.05),但与N2M2处理差异不显著。从品质来看,N2M1处理菠萝果实果形指数、维生素C、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白含量及糖酸比均高于其他处理,且与N1M0处理之间差异显著(P<0.05)。相关性分析发现,菠萝产量与叶片数、叶面积指数、干物质积累量、叶绿素b、维生素C、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白呈显著正相关,与可滴定酸含量呈显著负相关。可见,N2M1处理能显著提高菠萝植株的叶片数、叶面积指数及光合色素含量,提高果实干物质分配,从而提高菠萝产量,有效改善果实品质。因此,N2M1处理可以推荐作为热带地区菠萝施肥管理的最佳模式。

氮肥后移  /  镁肥  /  菠萝  /  产量  /  果实品质

A field split plot experiment of pineapple was carried out from 2023 to 2024 to explore the effects of nitrogen fertilizer postponing and magnesium fertilizer coupling on the growth and development, yield and quality of pineapple and to provide practical reference for scientific fertilization management of pineapple. The main area was magnesium application rate, namely MgO 0 kg/hm2 (M0), MgO 37.5 kg/hm2 (M1) and MgO 75 kg/hm2 (M2). The sub-area was conventional nitrogen application treatment (N1) and nitrogen fertilizer postponing treatment (30% of nitrogen fertilizer in slow growth period and flowering period was postponed to rapid growth period and fruit enlargement period, respectively) (N2). The leaf number, leaf area index, chlorophyll content, dry matter accumulation, yield and quality indexes of pineapple were measured during the key growth period of pineapple. The results showed that compared with N1, N2 could significantly increase the contents of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b in pineapple leaves at mature stage, and increase the number of leaves and leaf area index of pineapple at red stage. Compared with N1, the dry matter quality and yield at maturity stage increased by 9.40% and 7.65%, respectively, and the vitamin C content and soluble sugar content of fruit were also significantly higher than those of N1 (P<0.05), while the difference in yield was not significant. Similarly, compared with M0 and M2 treatments, M1 treatment could significantly increase the contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoids in leaves, and the leaf number and leaf area index of pineapple at the red stage of flowering increased significantly, thereby improving the dry matter quality and yield at the mature stage, and the difference was significant (P<0.05). The fruit dry matter distribution rate, soluble sugar content, soluble protein content, vitamin C content and sugar-acid ratio under M1 treatment were significantly higher than those under M0 and M1 treatments (P<0.05). Interaction effect analysis revealed that N2M1 treatment could increase the content of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoid in pineapple compared with other treatments, and then the number of leaves, leaf area index and dry matter quality increased significantly. Yield increased significantly by 19.43%, 17.39%, 10.07% and 24.96% compared with those of N2M0 (P<0.05), N1M2, N1M1 and N1M0, respectively, but not significantly different from that of N2M2. The fruit shape index, vitamin C, soluble sugar, soluble protein content and sugar-acid ratio of pineapple fruit treated with N2M1 were higher than those of other treatments, and there was a significant difference between N2M1 and N1M0 (P<0.05). Correlation analysis showed that pineapple yield was significantly positively correlated with leaf number, leaf area index, dry matter accumulation, chlorophyll b content, vitamin C, soluble sugar and soluble protein. There was a significant negative correlation with titratable acid content. N2M1 treatment can significantly increase the number of leaves, leaf area index and photosynthetic pigment content of pineapple plants, increase fruit dry matter distribution, thereby increasing pineapple yield and effectively improving fruit quality. Therefore, N2M1 could be recommended as the best model for fertilization management of pineapple in tropical regions.

postponing nitrogen reduction  /  magnesium fertilizer  /  pineapple  /  yield  /  fruit quality
石代仁, 贾睿宏, 叶进刚, 李受鹏, 李昌珍, 李长江. 氮肥后移与镁肥耦合对菠萝生长发育及产量品质的影响. 热带作物学报, 2025 , 46 (11) : 2655 -2666 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.11.011
Dairen SHI, Ruihong JIA, Jingang YE, Shoupeng LI, Changzhen LI, Changjiang LI. Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Postponing and Magnesium Fertilizer Coupling on Growth, Yield and Quality of Pineapple[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2025 , 46 (11) : 2655 -2666 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.11.011
菠萝(Ananas comosus L. Merr.),又名凤梨,是热带三大水果之一,已成为海南菠萝主产区经济支柱产业和当地农民的重要经济来源[1-2]。在菠萝生产过程中,由于氮肥施用时间不科学及中、微量元素使用缺乏,植株营养失衡现象较为普遍,导致菠萝产量品质下降[3]。因此,优化氮素管理,并配合中、微量元素施用将对改善菠萝品质、提升产量和促进产业可持续发展具有重要意义。
氮肥后移是在氮肥分施的基础上增加植物旺盛生长期或品质形成关键期氮素供应的技术手段,在提高氮肥利用率、改善作物品质和提高作物产量等方面有重要的作用[4]。该措施通过优化氮素供应时序,有效抑制苗期营养生长过旺,同时促进次生根系发育,最终实现作物抗逆性与产量协同增长[5]。当前,菠萝传统施肥多集中于前期施氮,与菠萝中后期需氮增加存在错位,氮肥后移能否促进菠萝生长发育及产量品质提升已成为需要迫切解决的问题。然而,目前氮肥后移研究主要聚焦于小麦、玉米等粮食作物[4,6],而菠萝施肥研究主要集中在氮、磷、钾配比对菠萝生长、产量及品质的调控机制及有机肥与化肥配施技术等方面[7-8],关于氮肥后移还鲜有研究。同时,镁作为一个作物生长必需的中量元素,直接参与作物的光合作用和多种酶促反应等,进而影响作物正常生长发育和产量品质提高[9]。近年来,为提高菠萝产量,氮磷钾肥被大量施用,但镁肥并未被关注和施用,导致土壤镁含量降低;加之镁在土壤中易被淋溶,造成菠萝缺镁严重[10]。所以,科学施用镁肥也成为菠萝生产中需要关注的问题。然而镁肥在菠萝上的研究还很少,严重限制了菠萝产量和品质的提升。
因此,本研究以热带地区菠萝田为研究对象,从氮肥后移和镁肥耦合出发来研究其对菠萝形态特征、干物质分配及产量品质的影响,以期为菠萝产业施肥制度优化提供参考,也为菠萝高产优质栽培管理技术的完善提供实践支撑。
试验于2023年1月至2024年6月在海南省乐东黎族自治县海南大学热带农林学院基地内进行。试验地坐标18°39′6″N,108°46′22″E,属于热带海洋性季风气候区,光热资源丰富,年平均降雨量为1279.10 mm,平均温度为24.5 ℃,试验期间试验地月平均温度及月累积降雨量见图1。试验地土壤类型为燥红土,0~20 cm土层土壤基本理化性质如下:pH 5.5,有机质含量为12.36 g/kg,铵态氮含量为15.28 mg/kg,硝态氮含量为4.66 mg/kg,速效磷含量为123.47 mg/kg,速效钾含量为158.09 mg/kg,交换性钙含量为368.24 mg/kg,交换性钙镁含量为96.28 mg/kg。试验地前茬作物为菠萝。
供试菠萝品种为当地主栽品种金菠萝(MD-2)。供试肥料氮肥为尿素(N 46%),镁肥为硫酸镁(MgO 16%)。
采用裂区试验设计,根据菠萝农田土壤交换性镁含量和菠萝需镁量设定主因素为3种施镁水平:(1)M0,0 kg/hm2 MgO;(2)M1,37.5 kg/hm2 MgO;(3)M2,75 kg/hm2 MgO;副因素为2个施氮处理:(1)N1,常规施氮处理;(2)N2,氮肥后移处理(缓慢生长期和催花期各30%的氮肥用量分别调整至快速生长期和果实膨大期施用)。镁肥按主区处理施用量要求(M0、M1、M2)于菠萝种植前一次性作为基肥施入;氮肥分6次施用:第1次为基肥(播种前统一施36 kg/hm2 N);后5次分别在菠萝缓慢生长期、快速生长期、催花现红期、果实膨大期及成熟期灌施。各处理施氮和施镁方案详见表1。磷、钾肥施用及其他栽培管理措施均与当地高产菠萝田保持一致。试验共6个处理,每处理设置4个重复,共计24个小区,每小区面积为10 m2。种植密度为48 000株/hm2,株、行距分别为35、60 cm。
在菠萝生长的5个关键时期(缓慢生长期、快速生长期、催花现红期、果实膨大期及成熟期),每小区随机选取具有代表性的菠萝植株3株,用于菠萝叶片数、叶面积指数、干物质质量指标的测定。采用计数法统计叶片数量,使用米尺测量D叶(菠萝植株最长叶片)的叶长与叶宽;同时对茎、叶、果柄、果实及冠芽分解之后装袋,于105 ℃烘箱杀青30 min,调至75 ℃烘干至恒重,称量其干质量[8],得到各器官的干物质质量,干物质积累量(t/hm2)=单株菠萝各器官干物质质量总和(g)×每公顷株数/106。此外,在田间另外选取具代表性的菠萝植株3株,称取菠萝D叶中部叶片质量0.05 g,采用乙醇浸提法测定叶片叶绿素含量[11]
叶面积指数(LAI)计算公式[12]
在菠萝成熟期,每个小区随机摘取10个新鲜菠萝果实进行称重,以此计算产量。此外,在各小区随机采摘具有代表性的3个菠萝鲜果带回实验室,用游标卡尺测量菠萝果实的纵径和横径,以计算菠萝果形指数,果形指数=纵径/横径,后提取果肉榨汁,以测定菠萝果实的内在品质特性。其中维生素C含量采用抗坏血酸法测定[13];可滴定酸含量采用氢氧化钠滴定法测定[14];可溶性糖含量采用蒽酮比色法测定[14];可溶性固形物含量借助手持折光仪(CNT95,杭州生产)测定;可溶性蛋白含量采用考马斯亮蓝法测定[15]
运用Microsoft Excel 2020软件进行试验数据整理;使用IBM SPSS Statistics 26软件进行方差分析(ANOVA),采用LSD法进行多重比较。通过Origin 2021软件制图。
图2可知,从缓慢生长期到催花现红期,各处理菠萝叶片数和叶面积指数均呈快速增加,并在催花现红期达到最高,之后基本保持稳定。从氮处理来看,在催花现红期前,N2处理的叶片数和叶面积指数均显著高于N1处理(P<0.05),而其他处理之间差异不显著;从镁水平来看,在催花现红期前,M1处理的叶片数和叶面积指数均显著高于其他处理(P<0.05),且在果实膨大期和成熟期,M1处理的叶面积指数依然显著高于其他处理(P<0.05)。在缓慢生长期、快速生长期和催花现红期,N2M1处理的叶片数均最高,分别为36.75、63.25和88.67,均显著高于N2M0处理(P<0.05);且在催花现红期,N2M1与N1M0、N1M2、N1M2处理之间也差异显著;到果实膨大期和成熟期,N2M1处理的叶片数依然高于其他处理,但与各处理之间差异不显著。叶面积指数在N2M1处理的5个生育时期也均为最高,分别为1.08、2.80、6.00、5.46和5.74,显著高于N1M2处理(P<0.05);且从快速生长期到果实膨大期,N2M1处理也显著高于N1M0、N2M2处理(P<0.05)。
图3可知,菠萝叶片叶绿素a、叶绿素b含量均随生育期进程呈先降低后升高再降低的趋势。从氮处理来看,在催花现红期后,N2处理的叶片叶绿素a、叶绿素b含量均高于N1处理,且在成熟期达差异显著(P<0.05);而从镁水平来看,在菠萝整个生育期,M1、M2处理的叶片叶绿素a、叶绿素b含量均高于M0处理;且M1处理的叶片叶绿素a、叶绿素b含量显著高于其他处理(P<0.05)。从所有处理来看,在整个生育期,N2M1处理的叶片叶绿素a、叶绿素b含量最高;且在催花现红期前,N2M1处理的叶片叶绿素a、叶绿素b含量与N1M0、N1M2、N2M2处理之间差异显著(P<0.05);到菠萝成熟期,N2M1处理的叶绿素a、叶绿素b含量分别为0.172、0.170 mg/g,与其他处理间均差异显著(P<0.05);而N1M2处理叶绿素a、叶绿素b含量普遍较低,且成熟期叶绿素b含量显著低于其他处理(P<0.05)。
菠萝叶片类胡萝卜素含量随生育期推进呈先降低后升高的趋势。从氮处理来看,在菠萝催花现红期和果实膨大期,N2处理的叶片类胡萝卜素含量显著高于N1处理(P<0.05);从镁水平来看,M1处理的叶片类胡萝卜素含量最高,且在缓慢生长期、催花现红期和成熟期,M1处理的叶片类胡萝卜素含量与M0处理之间差异显著(P<0.05),而与M2处理之间差异不显著。N2M1处理的叶片类胡萝卜素含量最高,且在缓慢生长期,N2M1处理的叶片类胡萝卜素含量显著高于N2M0、N1M2、N1M2、N1M0处理(P<0.05);在催花现红期后,N2M1与N1M2处理的叶片类胡萝卜素含量之间差异显著(P<0.05);而在整个生育期,N2M1与N2M2处理的叶片类胡萝卜素含量之间均差异不显著。
图4可知,菠萝干物质积累量在缓慢生长期到快速生长期增长缓慢,快速生长期后呈显著加快趋势,并保持较快增速至生育期结束。从氮肥处理来看,快速生长期后,N2处理的干物质积累量显著高于N1处理(P<0.05);从镁水平来看,施镁处理的干物质积累量高于M0处理,且M1处理最高,从快速生长期开始与其他处理之间差异显著(P<0.05)。从交互效应来看,5个生育期N2M1处理的干物质积累量均高于其他处理(P<0.05),且从快速生长期开始,N2M1处理的干物质积累量均显著高于N2M2、N1M0、N2M0、N1M2处理;且在成熟期,N2M1处理的干物质积累量与N1M1处理之间也差异显著,N2M0和N2M2处理的干物质积累量均显著高于N1M0和N1M2处理(P<0.05)。
从干物质总体分配来看,各生育期叶片均显著高于其他器官;但从果实膨大期开始,叶片所占比例逐渐缩小,而果实所占比例逐渐增加;成熟期干物质分配则表现为:叶片>果实>茎>冠芽>果柄(图5)。各处理比较来看,缓慢生长期,N1M2、N2M2处理的叶片干物质分配率分别为71%、71.5%,显著高于其他处理(P<0.05)。快速生长期,N2M1处理的叶片干物质分配率显著高于N1M2和N2M0处理(P<0.05);而催花现红期,各处理叶片、茎的干物质分配率差异不显著。果实膨大期,N2M1处理的叶片干物质分配率最低,为64.18%,显著低于N1M2处理(P<0.05);而N2M1处理的果实干物质分配率最高,为9.54%,显著高于N1M0、N1M2、N2M0、N2M2处理(P<0.05);同样,N2M1处理的冠芽干物质分配率也最高,显著高于N1M1、N1M2处理(P<0.05)。在成熟期,N1M1处理的果实干物质分配率最高,为23.03%,显著高于N2M0处理(P<0.05),与其他处理间差异不显著;N2M0处理的叶片干物质分配率最高,为59.36%,显著高于N2M1、N1M2和N1M1处理(P<0.05);N1M1、N2M1处理的茎干物质分配率分别为16.55%、16.41%,均显著高于N2M0处理(P<0.05);N2M1处理的果柄和冠芽的干物质分配率显著高于N1M1处理(P<0.05)。
不同氮肥处理下,处理N2的菠萝鲜果产量较N1处理提高9.57%,但差异不显著;且从不同镁水平来看,各处理菠萝鲜果产量大小顺序为:M1处理>M2处理>M0处理,且处理之间差异显著。从交互效应来看(图6),各处理菠萝鲜果产量大小顺序为:N2M1处理>N2M2处理>N1M1处理>N1M2处理>N2M0处理>N1M0处理,且N2M1较N1M1、N1M2、N2M0、N1M0处理显著提高10.07%、17.39%、19.43%、24.96%;而N2M1与N2M2处理之间差异不显著,但均显著高于N1M0处理(P<0.05)。
表2可知,各处理的果形指数均比N1M0处理增加,且与N1M1、N2M1处理之间差异显著(P<0.05)。从氮肥处理来看,N2处理的可溶性糖和维生素C含量显著高于N1处理(P<0.05),可见,氮肥后移更有利于菠萝果实中可溶性糖和维生素C的合成和积累;从镁水平来看,M1处理的维生素C含量显著高于M2处理(P<0.05);另外,N2M1处理的维生素C含量最高,仅与N2M0处理之间差异不显著,这也表明适量施镁(M1)对提升维生素C含量效果显著。从可滴定酸含量来看,N1M0处理的可滴定酸含量显著高于其他处理(P<0.05),N1M1、N2M1和N2M2处理较低,三者之间差异不显著。因此,不施镁可能导致菠萝果实有机酸积累过高。N2M1处理的可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白含量均高于其他处理,显著高于N2M0和N1M0处理,但与N2M2处理之间差异不显著。从糖酸比来看,N2M1和N1M1处理糖酸比含量最高,与N2M0和N1M0处理之间差异显著,可见,适量施镁(M1)能显著改善糖酸平衡,提升果实风味品质。另外,各处理间果实可溶性固形物含量之间差异均不显著。
图7可知,菠萝产量与叶片数、叶面积指数、干物质积累量、叶绿素b、果形指数、维生素C、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、可溶性固形物呈极显著正相关;与可滴定酸呈极显著负相关。同时,干物质积累量、叶片数、叶面积指数、类胡萝卜素之间均呈显著正相关。维生素C、可溶性糖和可溶性固形物之间均呈极显著正相关。可滴定酸与可溶性糖、可溶性固形物和可溶性蛋白之间均呈显著负相关。
氮肥后移作为一项优化施肥措施,可以通过优化氮素的时空分配来促进作物中后期生长,进而促进作物产量品质的提升[4]。在小麦和玉米等大田作物中,一般通过将基肥后移至营养生长期的拔节期或开花期来促进作物的营养成长以提高作物产量[4-6];与大田作物不同,菠萝作为一种热带水果,在营养生长前期的缓慢生长期,菠萝生长缓慢、养分吸收少,且在催花现红期氮肥的施用会极大地降低菠萝的成花率;而菠萝快速生长期和果实膨大期是氮素吸收的关键时期,也是养分需求最大的时期[16-17]。本研究中,氮肥后移将缓慢生长期和催花现红期的30%氮肥分别调整至快速生长期和果实膨大期施用,研究结果发现N2处理显著提高菠萝催花现红期到成熟期D叶片的叶绿素a、叶绿素b和类胡萝卜素含量,进而促进菠萝光合能力的提升,促进叶片的生长和干物质的积累,因此,N2较N1处理能显著提高菠萝叶片数和叶面积指数,进而促进菠萝中、后期干物质量的显著提高,到成熟期干物质量和产量分别提高9.39%和7.65%,但产量之间差异不显著。这也表明氮肥后移能更契合菠萝生育期的养分需求,增加干物质积累,但并不能显著促进干物质向果实的分配转化,所以菠萝产量未显著增加。可见,氮肥后移能更契合菠萝生育期营养需求。有研究表明,李永飞等[16]在春小麦上也发现氮肥后移可以降低高温胁迫下春小麦旗叶膜脂过氧化作用,增加光合能力及干物质量。本研究也发现菠萝叶绿素a、类胡萝卜素、叶片数、叶面积指数、干物质量及产量之间均呈显著正相关,这也佐证了氮肥后移通过对菠萝形态特征的影响进而影响菠萝产量的提升。同时,N2处理的菠萝维生素C含量和可溶性糖含量均有显著增加,可能是氮肥后移后通过延长生长周期,提高后期光合作用和增加有机物质的积累,进而促进维生素C和可溶性糖的转化[17]。营养器官干物质的积累和转运被认为是产量形成的重要因素,且提高花前干物质转运量是提高产量的一个重要因素[18]。但从干物质量的分配来看,N2处理虽然提高干物质量,且叶片干物质分配比例显著降低,但果实的干物质量分配比例并未明显增加,且显著低于常规施肥处理,可见氮肥后移并不能促进干物质向菠萝果实的分配,这与李金鹏等[19]在玉米上的研究结果并不一致,这可能是因为不同作物类型对氮肥后移的响应不同。因此,提高干物质向菠萝果实中的分配比例也将成为氮素后移需要解决的问题。
镁元素作为作物必需的中、微量元素,可以通过影响作物光合色素合成,进而影响作物光合能力和干物质的累积[20]。本研究中也发现施镁处理下菠萝叶片的叶绿素a、叶绿素b和类胡萝卜素含量均较未施镁处理有一定提升,且M1处理的叶片各叶绿素含量在菠萝整个生育期大多都显著高于其他处理,这也表明镁素的使用能够提高菠萝叶片叶绿素的合成能力。然而,虽然施镁量M2高于M1处理,但叶绿素含量多显著低于M1处理,可见施镁增加与菠萝叶片叶绿素含量间并没有一致的正效应,且高施镁量造成菠萝叶绿素含量的降低,这可能是高浓度Mg2+抑制K+吸收,破坏叶片细胞渗透平衡有关[21]。凌丽俐等[22]在脐橙的研究中发现,无镁和低镁胁迫均导致叶片的光化学效率和电子传递速率的日变化能力显著降低,而镁过量胁迫使叶片量子产量、光合电子传递速率、非光化学猝灭降低,使植株对强光的保护性调节能力下降,进而导致叶绿素含量下降。同样,由于叶绿素含量增加,促进了光合产物的增加,施镁处理叶片数和叶面积指数都有一定的增加,且在催花现红期和成熟期M1处理均显著高于不施镁处理,但叶片数多差异不显著,这也表明M1处理能够促进菠萝单个叶面积的增加,这与侯松峰等[23]在井冈蜜柚上的研究结果一致。这也进一步促使M1处理下菠萝干物质量和产量的显著增加。并且从各器官的分配比例来看,施镁后叶片干物质量分配比例在菠萝催花现红期之前略低于不施镁处理;且在果实发育之后,施镁处理较不施镁处理叶片的干物质分配率降低,而果实干物质分配率增加,且M1处理与之差异显著,这也表明施镁更能促进菠萝植株干物质向果实中转运,且37.5 kg/hm2 MgO施用量效果最佳;这主要因为施用镁肥通过提高叶片的净光合速率,改善光合作用及其光合产物分配[23],从而提高了产量。另外,镁肥的施用后,菠萝可溶性糖含量、可溶性蛋白含量和糖酸比均有显著增加,而可滴定酸含量显著降低,这也表明施镁能提高菠萝的品质;这与陈佳节等[24]在蜜柚作物上的研究一致。但M1处理的维生素C含量显著提高,而M2处理则显著降低,这可能是因为镁激活GDP-半乳糖脱氢酶促进抗坏血酸合成通路相关[25],但高施镁量会影响镁钾比平衡,进而可能引起镁钾离子竞争拥有转运蛋白质膜上的活性位点,降低对钾的吸收,激化镁钾离子之间的拮抗作用[26],从而影响维生素C的合成。
氮肥后移与镁肥结合对菠萝植株生长发育及产量品质的影响表现出明显的交互效应。总体来看,由于氮肥后移和镁肥施用共同促使N2M1处理下叶片叶绿素的合成,进而提高菠萝叶片叶绿素a、b和类胡萝卜素的含量,并与其他处理间多差异显著。并且,N2M1处理催花期叶绿素a/b比值在催花期达到1.18,表明PSII反应中心活性增强[27];成熟期类胡萝卜素含量为0.183 mg/g,较N1M0提高38.5%,表明其提高光保护色素含量缓解了生育后期光氧化损伤[28];同时叶绿素b的增加也说明其增加捕光色素复合体(LHCII)数量优化了弱光利用效率[29],这与热带地区多云气候下菠萝的光适应策略高度契合[30]。由于叶绿素含量多影响作物的光合能力,进而会表现出与叶片数和叶面积指数间的正相关关系;本研究也发现其之间存在正相关关系,且与类胡萝卜素之间表现出显著正相关;这与玉米等作物中的报道一致[31-32]。叶面积、叶片数及叶绿素含量决定了光捕获、光合作用,从而决定了作物生长和产量[33]。本研究发现叶面积指数与干物质积累量呈极显著正相关,N2M1处理成熟期叶面积指数达5.74,支撑了51.28 t/hm2的干物质积累,较N1M0提高52.8%。这一关系符合“源-库”理论,即扩大光合源面积可增强同化物供应能力[34]。从干物质量分配也发现,N2M1处理较其他处理能降低叶片和冠芽的干物质分配率,增加果实的分配率,这也表明该处理更能优化菠萝植株干物质后期的分配。从产量来看,N2M1处理鲜果产量达83.30 t/hm2,除N2M2外,显著高于其他处理;其一方面源于光合产物的积累,另一方面与干物质向果实的高效分配有关;且该结果也表明氮素后移能够缓解高镁肥的菠萝生长的限制。N2M1处理下菠萝果实表现出可溶性糖含量、可溶性蛋白含量、维生素C含量和糖酸比增加,可滴定酸含量降低,且与大多处理差异显著;这表明M1N2处理能够提高菠萝品质。且相关分析也发现,菠萝果实可溶性糖含量与维生素C含量间呈极显著正相关,而与可滴定酸含量呈显著负相关,这与陈悦等[35]的研究结果一致。
氮肥后移与镁肥施用都能通过提高菠萝叶片叶绿素含量、叶片数和叶面积指数来提高菠萝的干物质积累及产量品质的提升,并且镁肥施用还能更好的促进菠萝干物质向果实的分配。同时,氮肥后移配施37.5 kg/hm2氧化镁能显著提高菠萝植株的叶片数、叶面积指数以及光合色素含量,进而促进菠萝干物质的积累量,且在产量与品质方面优势更为突出,其产量高达83.30 t/hm2;且菠萝果实维生素C、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、可溶性固形物含量均在各处理中表现最佳。因此,该施肥处理可作为热带地区菠萝田推荐的施肥管理措施。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(32260724)
  • 海南省重点研发计划项目(ZDYF2025XDNY064)
  • 全国镁营养研究协作网试验及示范项目(RH2200003729)
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2025年第46卷第11期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.11.011
  • 接收时间:2025-06-25
  • 首发时间:2026-06-24
  • 出版时间:2025-11-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-06-25
  • 录用日期:2025-08-06
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(32260724)
海南省重点研发计划项目(ZDYF2025XDNY064)
全国镁营养研究协作网试验及示范项目(RH2200003729)
作者信息
    1.海南大学热带农林学院,海南海口 570228
    2.海南大学三亚南繁研究院,海南三亚 572025

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* 李长江(LI Changjiang),E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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