Article(id=1276616318145135214, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276616263778562546, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.11.007, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1746979200000, receivedDateStr=2025-05-12, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1752854400000, acceptedDateStr=2025-07-19, onlineDate=1782298648629, onlineDateStr=2026-06-24, pubDate=1764000000000, pubDateStr=2025-11-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1782298648629, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1782298648629, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1782298648629, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1276616263778562546, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, year='2025', volume='46', issue='11', pageStart='2549', pageEnd='2815', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1764000000000', pubDateStr='2025-11-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1782298635668, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782299117657, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1276618285483426694, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276616263778562546, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1276618285487620999, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276616263778562546, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=2609, endPage=2622, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1276616318539399792, articleId=1276616318145135214, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=EN, title=Identification and Evaluation of Cymbopogon Germplasm Resources, columnId=1236256430060261740, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, columnName=Germplasm Resources, Genetics & Breeding, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The identification and evaluation of superior germplasm are the foundation for the research on germplasm resources and breeding utilization. 45 citronella grass resources from Hainan, Fujian, Guizhou, Yunnan and other regions were assayed to evaluate the essential oil content. The agronomic traits, essential oil content and main components of essential oil of the resources at different cutting stages were analyzed in Kunming. The results showed that there were significant differences in total grass length, leaf length, leaf width, biological yield and essential oil content among different cutting periods and different materials. Correlation analysis between characteristic traits and essential oil content revealed that the essential oil content was significantly negatively correlated with leaf length and significantly positively correlated with leaf width. Systematic cluster analysis based on agronomic traits and essential oil content divided the resources into 5 groups. The Ⅰ group contained 36 materials, and all materials were identified as Cymbopogon citra=tus, The Ⅱ group had 4 materials, all in Cymbopogon winterianus. Cymbopogon caesius and Cymbopogon hamatulus were individually clustered into the Ⅳ and Ⅴ groups, respectively. A standard for identifying and grading superior germplasm oriented towards essential oil yield was established, and the 45 resources were divided into three grades, including 6 in the first grade, 18 in the second grade and 21 in the third grade. In addition, the analysis of essential oil content and main components of 16 germplasm in Yuanmou test region at 6 different periods showed that the accumulation of essential oil did not increase with the extension of planting time, and the contents of main components in essential oil also varied in different periods. Geraniol reached the highest value in January; Linalool had the highest content in March; Geranyl acetate peaked in September; Citronellyl acetate had the highest content in January, and β-myrcene was the highest in May. This study would provide a scientific basis for the identification and evaluation of superior citronella grass germplasm, breeding utilization, and the production and utilization of high-quality and high-yield raw materials.

, authors=null, authorsList=Qiuyu DOU, Jialin LUO, Jiayi LI, Lijing LUO, Qing ZHANG, Haowen CHEN, Yuanhong FAN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yuanhong FAN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1276616322062615168, articleId=1276616318145135214, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=CN, title=香茅草种质资源鉴定与评价, columnId=1236256430219645304, journalTitle=热带作物学报, columnName=种质资源与遗传育种, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

优良种质的鉴定评价是种质资源研究和育种利用的基础。本研究以精油含量为导向,对来自海南、福建、贵州和云南等地的45份香茅草资源进行鉴定评价,在昆明对45份香茅草种质资源进行不同刈割期农艺性状、精油含量及精油主要成分分析。结果表明:全草长、叶长、叶宽、生物产量、精油含量等性状在不同刈割期间、不同材料间均存在显著差异。特征特性与精油含量的相关性分析显示,精油含量与叶长呈显著负相关,与叶宽呈显著正相关。基于农艺性状和精油含量的系统聚类分析,将45份资源分为5个类群,其中第Ⅰ类群有36个,所有材料种名均属于柠檬草;第Ⅱ类群有4个,4个爪哇香茅均聚集在此类群中;青香茅和扭鞘香茅分别被单独聚类到了第Ⅳ和第Ⅴ类群。建立了以精油产量为导向的优良种质鉴定和分级标准,并将45份香茅草资源分为3个等级,其中一级6个,二级18个,三级21个。此外,在元谋试验区,对16份香茅草种质的6个不同时期的精油含量和精油主要成分进行分析。结果表明,精油积累量并不会随种植时间的延长而增长;精油中的主要成分在不同时期中的含量也存在差异,香叶醇在1月达到最高值,芳樟醇于3月含量最高,乙酸香叶酯在9月达峰值,乙酸香茅酯含量最高时期为1月,β-月桂烯在5月含量最高。本研究为香茅草优良种质的鉴定评价、育种利用和优质高产原料生产利用提供科学依据。

, authors=

窦秋玉(1998—),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:药用植物资源评价与种质创新。

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* 范源洪(FAN Yuanhong),E-mail:
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窦秋玉(1998—),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:药用植物资源评价与种质创新。

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窦秋玉(1998—),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:药用植物资源评价与种质创新。

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(in Chinese), articleTitle=Evaluation of amomum tsao-ko germplasm resources oriented by functional components of polyphenols and flavonoids, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1276616340576273111, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616318145135214, awardId=2019ZG00903, language=CN, fundingSource=云南省重大科技专项计划项目(2019ZG00903), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1276616340643381976, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616318145135214, awardId=NTPGRC2024-015, language=CN, fundingSource=国家科技资源共享服务平台(NTPGRC2024-015), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1276616322343633539, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616318145135214, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276616322352022148, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616318145135214, companyId=1276616322343633539, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276616322360410757, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616318145135214, companyId=1276616322343633539, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.云南农业大学农学与生物技术学院,云南昆明 650201)]), AuthorCompany(id=1276616322431713926, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616318145135214, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276616322440102535, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616318145135214, companyId=1276616322431713926, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.Yunnan Plateau Characteristic Agricultural Industry Research Institute, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276616322448491144, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616318145135214, companyId=1276616322431713926, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.云南省高原特色农业产业研究院,云南昆明 650201)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1276616334897185465, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616318145135214, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Comparative analysis of the average content of Cymbopogon essential oil at different mowing stages, figureFileSmall=ZdZ+tkhpl33iw2ojQAQ8MA==, figureFileBig=V05c5HE/KBQCiBaxwRBe/Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276616334951711418, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616318145135214, language=CN, label=图1, caption=不同刈割期香茅草精油含量平均值比较分析

不同小写字母代表差异显著(P<0.05)。

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不同小写字母表示不同时期差异显著(P<0.05)。

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*表示显著相关(P<0.05),**表示极显著相关(P<0.01)。

, figureFileSmall=+4U8FYl8lLfsaJZVYld9Xg==, figureFileBig=4JYUkbRlnG6AX3Oe4cAvWA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276616336679764677, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616318145135214, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=Systemtic cluster analysis of 45 germplasms, figureFileSmall=gkN+zIjZRPJwsW/i2Dwtvw==, figureFileBig=fvY7YNJ6527RpJMlLuM2sA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276616336964977350, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616318145135214, language=CN, label=图7, caption=45份种质系统聚类分析, figureFileSmall=gkN+zIjZRPJwsW/i2Dwtvw==, figureFileBig=fvY7YNJ6527RpJMlLuM2sA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276616337065640647, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616318145135214, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Information of test materials for Cymbopogon

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编码Code种类Type海拔Elevation/m东经East longitude/(°)北纬North latitude/(°)采集点Location of collection
WN-1柠檬草30110.1918.73海南万宁市
WN-2爪哇香茅30110.1218.40海南万宁市
DZ-4扭鞘香茅120110.3219.98海南省儋州市
DZ-2爪哇香茅120110.3219.98海南省儋州市
DZ-1柠檬草120110.3220.02海南省儋州市
DZ-3青香茅120110.1918.73海南省儋州市
ZZ-1柠檬草104117.3524.52福建省漳州市
ZY-1柠檬草926106.9327.71贵州省遵义市
XY-1柠檬草1343104.8925.09贵州省兴义市
WM-1柠檬草865106.0925.17贵州省望谟县
AL-1柠檬草1268105.4425.09贵州省安龙县
YJ-1-1柠檬草410102.0623.53云南省元江县者嘎新村
YJ-2-1柠檬草420101.9923.59云南省元江县大水平社区
YJ-3-1柠檬草510101.9923.59云南省元江县桥头社区漫漾小组
YJ-1柠檬草142897.9324.72云南省盈江县
YJ-2柠檬草142897.9324.72云南省盈江县
YJ-3柠檬草142897.9324.72云南省盈江县
YJ-4柠檬草142897.9324.72云南省盈江县
LC-1-1爪哇香茅98097.824.19云南省陇川县章凤镇
LC-2-1爪哇香茅126797.7223.95云南省陇川县景罕镇
RL-1柠檬草126797.7223.95云南省瑞丽市户育乡镇
MH-1柠檬草820100.0421.69云南省勐海县打洛镇
MH-2柠檬草1064100.1122.04云南省勐海县勐阿镇
MH-3柠檬草1090100.4421.96云南省勐海县勐海镇
MH-4柠檬草784100.5622.04云南省勐海县勐宋乡
MH-5柠檬草1391100.4121.58云南省勐海县布朗山乡
ML-1-1柠檬草1003101.5721.47云南省勐腊县腊镇么粉村
ML-2-1柠檬草1080101.3021.29云南省勐腊县勐满镇
JH-1柠檬草1120100.7922.01云南省景洪市
GM-1柠檬草186099.6123.60云南省耿马县芒洪乡
GM-2柠檬草110099.3923.54云南省耿马县
GM-3柠檬草55099.0823.55云南省耿马县孟定镇
SJ-1柠檬草143099.8323.47云南省双江县勐勐镇
YX-1柠檬草1066100.1524.45云南省云县爱华镇
YM-1柠檬草1070101.8725.69云南省元谋县元马镇沙地村
YM-2柠檬草1850101.2825.11云南省南华县雨露乡溪武首村
YM-3柠檬草1470101.8325.67云南省元谋县老城乡
HK-4-1柠檬草96103.5237.88云南省河口县
CN-1柠檬草103099.3824.77云南省昌宁县卡斯镇卡斯社区小窝铺小组
CN-2柠檬草98099.3924.78云南省昌宁县卡斯镇龙潭村山卓子小组
CN-3柠檬草131999.3124.69云南省昌宁县卡斯镇龙潭村大罗卜村民小组
CN-4柠檬草100099.3924.78云南省昌宁县卡斯镇龙潭村大木桥村民小组
MJ-1柠檬草1280101.6823.42云南省墨江县
LC-1柠檬草1255100.2722.57云南省澜沧县糯扎渡镇
JG-1柠檬草1760100.7023.49云南省景谷县
), ArticleFig(id=1276616337141138120, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616318145135214, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

香茅草供试材料信息

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编码Code种类Type海拔Elevation/m东经East longitude/(°)北纬North latitude/(°)采集点Location of collection
WN-1柠檬草30110.1918.73海南万宁市
WN-2爪哇香茅30110.1218.40海南万宁市
DZ-4扭鞘香茅120110.3219.98海南省儋州市
DZ-2爪哇香茅120110.3219.98海南省儋州市
DZ-1柠檬草120110.3220.02海南省儋州市
DZ-3青香茅120110.1918.73海南省儋州市
ZZ-1柠檬草104117.3524.52福建省漳州市
ZY-1柠檬草926106.9327.71贵州省遵义市
XY-1柠檬草1343104.8925.09贵州省兴义市
WM-1柠檬草865106.0925.17贵州省望谟县
AL-1柠檬草1268105.4425.09贵州省安龙县
YJ-1-1柠檬草410102.0623.53云南省元江县者嘎新村
YJ-2-1柠檬草420101.9923.59云南省元江县大水平社区
YJ-3-1柠檬草510101.9923.59云南省元江县桥头社区漫漾小组
YJ-1柠檬草142897.9324.72云南省盈江县
YJ-2柠檬草142897.9324.72云南省盈江县
YJ-3柠檬草142897.9324.72云南省盈江县
YJ-4柠檬草142897.9324.72云南省盈江县
LC-1-1爪哇香茅98097.824.19云南省陇川县章凤镇
LC-2-1爪哇香茅126797.7223.95云南省陇川县景罕镇
RL-1柠檬草126797.7223.95云南省瑞丽市户育乡镇
MH-1柠檬草820100.0421.69云南省勐海县打洛镇
MH-2柠檬草1064100.1122.04云南省勐海县勐阿镇
MH-3柠檬草1090100.4421.96云南省勐海县勐海镇
MH-4柠檬草784100.5622.04云南省勐海县勐宋乡
MH-5柠檬草1391100.4121.58云南省勐海县布朗山乡
ML-1-1柠檬草1003101.5721.47云南省勐腊县腊镇么粉村
ML-2-1柠檬草1080101.3021.29云南省勐腊县勐满镇
JH-1柠檬草1120100.7922.01云南省景洪市
GM-1柠檬草186099.6123.60云南省耿马县芒洪乡
GM-2柠檬草110099.3923.54云南省耿马县
GM-3柠檬草55099.0823.55云南省耿马县孟定镇
SJ-1柠檬草143099.8323.47云南省双江县勐勐镇
YX-1柠檬草1066100.1524.45云南省云县爱华镇
YM-1柠檬草1070101.8725.69云南省元谋县元马镇沙地村
YM-2柠檬草1850101.2825.11云南省南华县雨露乡溪武首村
YM-3柠檬草1470101.8325.67云南省元谋县老城乡
HK-4-1柠檬草96103.5237.88云南省河口县
CN-1柠檬草103099.3824.77云南省昌宁县卡斯镇卡斯社区小窝铺小组
CN-2柠檬草98099.3924.78云南省昌宁县卡斯镇龙潭村山卓子小组
CN-3柠檬草131999.3124.69云南省昌宁县卡斯镇龙潭村大罗卜村民小组
CN-4柠檬草100099.3924.78云南省昌宁县卡斯镇龙潭村大木桥村民小组
MJ-1柠檬草1280101.6823.42云南省墨江县
LC-1柠檬草1255100.2722.57云南省澜沧县糯扎渡镇
JG-1柠檬草1760100.7023.49云南省景谷县
), ArticleFig(id=1276616338835636937, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616318145135214, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Agronomic traits and variation analysis of Cymbopogon

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
刈割期Sowing stage全草长叶长叶宽茎径生物产量
均值±标准差M±SD/cm变异系数CV/%均值±标准差M±SD/cm变异系数CV/%均值±标准差M±SD/cm变异系数CV/%均值±标准差M±SD/cm变异系数CV/%均值±标准差M±SD/(t·hm–2变异系数CV/%
4月114.80±16.83b14.6680.75±14.16a17.531.60±0.22b13.710.75±0.16a21.6236.30±1.08b44.60
8月158.08±20.39a12.90118.43±16.25b13.721.88±0.37a19.550.99±0.23b23.2543.05±1.56a54.22
12月108.90±20.51b18.8387.52±18.54c21.181.55±0.25b16.290.62±0.14c23.0111.40±0.37c47.94
), ArticleFig(id=1276616338923717322, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616318145135214, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

香茅草农艺性状表现及变异分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
刈割期Sowing stage全草长叶长叶宽茎径生物产量
均值±标准差M±SD/cm变异系数CV/%均值±标准差M±SD/cm变异系数CV/%均值±标准差M±SD/cm变异系数CV/%均值±标准差M±SD/cm变异系数CV/%均值±标准差M±SD/(t·hm–2变异系数CV/%
4月114.80±16.83b14.6680.75±14.16a17.531.60±0.22b13.710.75±0.16a21.6236.30±1.08b44.60
8月158.08±20.39a12.90118.43±16.25b13.721.88±0.37a19.550.99±0.23b23.2543.05±1.56a54.22
12月108.90±20.51b18.8387.52±18.54c21.181.55±0.25b16.290.62±0.14c23.0111.40±0.37c47.94
), ArticleFig(id=1276616339020186315, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616318145135214, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

Comprehensive evaluation results of Cymbopogon

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
性状Trait样品(指标值)Sample(Index value)
4月April8月August12月December平均值Mean value
全草长(最高)/cmDZ-1(153.93)DZ-1(220.13)WN-1(163.83)DZ-1(173.25)
叶长(最长)/cmDZ-4(114.47)DZ-1(154.73)MH-2(126.00)DZ-1(119.94)
叶宽(最宽)/cmYM-3(2.10)DZ-2(3.07)YM-1(2.03)DZ-1(2.19)
茎径(最粗)/cmYM-3(1.20)MH-5(1.45)YM-3(0.98)MJ-1(1.07)
生物产量(最高)/(t·hm–2DZ-4(83.70)RL-1(126.30)DZ-3(34.95)DZ-4(58.95)
全草长(最矮)/cmMH-3(79.27)LC-1(113.23)YJ-1(79.40)WM-1(99.38)
叶长(最短)/cmMH-3(49.93)MH-4(77.13)ZZ-1(58.57)WM-1(72.29)
叶宽(最窄)/cmDZ-4(0.90)DZ-4(1.03)DZ-4(0.90)DZ-4(0.94)
茎径(最细)/cmDZ-4(0.44)LC-1-1(0.54)DZ-4(0.38)DZ-4(0.50)
生物产量(最低)/(t·hm–2LC-1-1(8.70)AL-1(7.650)DZ-2(4.05)LC-2-1(10.05)
), ArticleFig(id=1276616339108266700, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616318145135214, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

香茅草的综合优评结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
性状Trait样品(指标值)Sample(Index value)
4月April8月August12月December平均值Mean value
全草长(最高)/cmDZ-1(153.93)DZ-1(220.13)WN-1(163.83)DZ-1(173.25)
叶长(最长)/cmDZ-4(114.47)DZ-1(154.73)MH-2(126.00)DZ-1(119.94)
叶宽(最宽)/cmYM-3(2.10)DZ-2(3.07)YM-1(2.03)DZ-1(2.19)
茎径(最粗)/cmYM-3(1.20)MH-5(1.45)YM-3(0.98)MJ-1(1.07)
生物产量(最高)/(t·hm–2DZ-4(83.70)RL-1(126.30)DZ-3(34.95)DZ-4(58.95)
全草长(最矮)/cmMH-3(79.27)LC-1(113.23)YJ-1(79.40)WM-1(99.38)
叶长(最短)/cmMH-3(49.93)MH-4(77.13)ZZ-1(58.57)WM-1(72.29)
叶宽(最窄)/cmDZ-4(0.90)DZ-4(1.03)DZ-4(0.90)DZ-4(0.94)
茎径(最细)/cmDZ-4(0.44)LC-1-1(0.54)DZ-4(0.38)DZ-4(0.50)
生物产量(最低)/(t·hm–2LC-1-1(8.70)AL-1(7.650)DZ-2(4.05)LC-2-1(10.05)
), ArticleFig(id=1276616339196347085, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616318145135214, language=EN, label=Tab. 4, caption=

Oil gain and biological yield of 45 Cymbopogon germplasm in April, August and December

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编码Code精油含量Essential oil content/%平均值Mean value编码Code精油含量Essential oil content/%平均值Mean value
4月April8月August12月December4月April8月August12月December
WN-21.021.420.861.10GM-10.580.550.390.51
DZ-20.891.240.660.93ZY-10.390.540.350.43
LC-2-10.841.090.710.88MH-40.770.530.470.59
LC-1-11.160.900.650.90HK-1-10.410.530.360.43
MH-30.450.840.710.67WM-10.430.530.440.47
MH-20.440.840.510.60XY-10.380.490.460.44
YJ-10.620.780.580.66YM-30.440.480.390.44
GM-30.510.770.570.62RL-10.650.470.500.54
YJ-20.410.740.610.59DZ-30.720.470.500.56
MJ-10.260.700.370.44GM-20.410.460.410.43
CN-10.320.690.570.53JG-10.500.420.390.44
CN-20.410.690.530.54YJ-2-10.360.420.360.38
JH-10.570.660.390.54YJ-3-10.430.410.300.38
CN-40.510.660.510.56MH-10.460.400.280.38
YM-20.480.660.550.56AL-10.300.380.450.38
YJ-30.510.640.580.58DZ-10.380.380.260.34
ML-20.640.640.050.44YJ-1-10.410.350.330.36
CN-30.410.630.470.50ZZ-10.170.350.240.25
MH-50.630.620.610.62ML-10.270.320.370.32
LC-10.400.610.350.45YX-10.450.220.250.31
YJ-40.430.590.430.48WN-10.200.140.200.18
YM-10.390.560.280.41DZ-40.040.000.000.01
SJ-10.520.560.330.47变异系数/%42.5243.3938.17
), ArticleFig(id=1276616339473171150, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616318145135214, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

45个香茅种质4、8、12月精油含量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编码Code精油含量Essential oil content/%平均值Mean value编码Code精油含量Essential oil content/%平均值Mean value
4月April8月August12月December4月April8月August12月December
WN-21.021.420.861.10GM-10.580.550.390.51
DZ-20.891.240.660.93ZY-10.390.540.350.43
LC-2-10.841.090.710.88MH-40.770.530.470.59
LC-1-11.160.900.650.90HK-1-10.410.530.360.43
MH-30.450.840.710.67WM-10.430.530.440.47
MH-20.440.840.510.60XY-10.380.490.460.44
YJ-10.620.780.580.66YM-30.440.480.390.44
GM-30.510.770.570.62RL-10.650.470.500.54
YJ-20.410.740.610.59DZ-30.720.470.500.56
MJ-10.260.700.370.44GM-20.410.460.410.43
CN-10.320.690.570.53JG-10.500.420.390.44
CN-20.410.690.530.54YJ-2-10.360.420.360.38
JH-10.570.660.390.54YJ-3-10.430.410.300.38
CN-40.510.660.510.56MH-10.460.400.280.38
YM-20.480.660.550.56AL-10.300.380.450.38
YJ-30.510.640.580.58DZ-10.380.380.260.34
ML-20.640.640.050.44YJ-1-10.410.350.330.36
CN-30.410.630.470.50ZZ-10.170.350.240.25
MH-50.630.620.610.62ML-10.270.320.370.32
LC-10.400.610.350.45YX-10.450.220.250.31
YJ-40.430.590.430.48WN-10.200.140.200.18
YM-10.390.560.280.41DZ-40.040.000.000.01
SJ-10.520.560.330.47变异系数/%42.5243.3938.17
), ArticleFig(id=1276616339569640143, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616318145135214, language=EN, label=Tab. 5, caption=

Cymbopogon essential oil content

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编码Code精油含量Essential oil content/%
1月January3月March5月May7月July9月September11月November
YJ-11.101.361.271.450.970.99
LC-1-10.951.201.241.030.921.26
RL-10.670.740.620.730.420.69
AL-10.510.400.570.510.460.38
GM-20.510.460.430.550.210.19
JG-10.480.210.660.600.340.52
MH-30.470.260.500.530.610.23
YX-10.450.380.550.460.550.47
YM-10.430.720.870.640.420.50
ZY-10.430.580.660.410.500.50
YJ-1-10.400.240.490.460.310.27
MH-20.400.250.360.660.520.36
WN-10.330.310.450.440.400.29
ML-1-10.310.290.530.370.300.29
YJ-3-10.310.280.310.480.310.34
ZZ-10.110.180.290.260.220.18
), ArticleFig(id=1276616339640943312, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616318145135214, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

16份香茅草的精油含量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编码Code精油含量Essential oil content/%
1月January3月March5月May7月July9月September11月November
YJ-11.101.361.271.450.970.99
LC-1-10.951.201.241.030.921.26
RL-10.670.740.620.730.420.69
AL-10.510.400.570.510.460.38
GM-20.510.460.430.550.210.19
JG-10.480.210.660.600.340.52
MH-30.470.260.500.530.610.23
YX-10.450.380.550.460.550.47
YM-10.430.720.870.640.420.50
ZY-10.430.580.660.410.500.50
YJ-1-10.400.240.490.460.310.27
MH-20.400.250.360.660.520.36
WN-10.330.310.450.440.400.29
ML-1-10.310.290.530.370.300.29
YJ-3-10.310.280.310.480.310.34
ZZ-10.110.180.290.260.220.18
), ArticleFig(id=1276616340022624977, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616318145135214, language=EN, label=Tab. 6, caption=

Proportion of main components of Cymbopogon essential oil

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编码Code前10位化合物总百分含量Total percentage content of the top ten compounds/%编码Code前10位化合物总百分含量Total percentage content of the top ten compounds/%
LC-1-190.07MH-273.71
LC-2-189.16YJ-3-173.57
DZ-287.14CN-473.51
WN-283.93YJ-2-173.46
ZY-176.81CN-273.43
AL-176.74MH-373.41
JH-176.51RL-173.36
RL-276.21XY-173.17
MJ-176.19GM-273.06
MH-175.53YJ-272.88
HK-4-175.35GM-172.79
MH-475.16CN-172.68
YX-174.97LC-172.47
MH-574.93ML-1-171.91
WM-174.87YJ-171.81
YJ-1-174.81YM-371.49
SJ-174.63YM-270.23
JG-174.45YM-168.27
ZZ-174.42YJ-367.68
GM-374.28WN-166.42
YJ-474.07DZ-162.24
CN-373.93DZ-370.58
), ArticleFig(id=1276616340098122450, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616318145135214, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

香茅草精油主要成分占比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编码Code前10位化合物总百分含量Total percentage content of the top ten compounds/%编码Code前10位化合物总百分含量Total percentage content of the top ten compounds/%
LC-1-190.07MH-273.71
LC-2-189.16YJ-3-173.57
DZ-287.14CN-473.51
WN-283.93YJ-2-173.46
ZY-176.81CN-273.43
AL-176.74MH-373.41
JH-176.51RL-173.36
RL-276.21XY-173.17
MJ-176.19GM-273.06
MH-175.53YJ-272.88
HK-4-175.35GM-172.79
MH-475.16CN-172.68
YX-174.97LC-172.47
MH-574.93ML-1-171.91
WM-174.87YJ-171.81
YJ-1-174.81YM-371.49
SJ-174.63YM-270.23
JG-174.45YM-168.27
ZZ-174.42YJ-367.68
GM-374.28WN-166.42
YJ-474.07DZ-162.24
CN-373.93DZ-370.58
), ArticleFig(id=1276616340194591443, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616318145135214, language=EN, label=Tab. 7, caption=

Annual production of essential oil from different sources

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号No.年产量Annual output/(kg·hm–2编号No.年产量Annual output/(kg·hm–2
WN-2973.05YJ-2452.85
RL-1906.45DZ-1436.35
DZ-3834.45MJ-1435.60
DZ-4-1809.85YM-2427.20
MH-2740.40GM-3424.65
ML-2-1710.25LC-1-1423.45
MH-5668.55YJ-1402.30
JH-1635.25ML-1-1396.75
CN-2621.15LC-1378.00
GM-1614.55SJ-1369.75
ZY-1599.55YM-3314.55
MH-4595.20MH-1309.30
DZ-2590.85YJ-4307.50
MH-3555.45XY-1282.15
YJ-2-1547.35LC-2-1280.20
YJ-1-1546.00WM-1252.45
YJ-3514.20YM-1217.20
JG-1498.75AL-1200.10
CN-1482.55YX-1161.40
CN-4475.20ZZ-1112.80
GM-2464.40WN-153.55
CN-3458.85DZ-46.30
YJ-3-1457.95平均产量465.45
), ArticleFig(id=1276616340316226260, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616318145135214, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

不同资源精油年产量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号No.年产量Annual output/(kg·hm–2编号No.年产量Annual output/(kg·hm–2
WN-2973.05YJ-2452.85
RL-1906.45DZ-1436.35
DZ-3834.45MJ-1435.60
DZ-4-1809.85YM-2427.20
MH-2740.40GM-3424.65
ML-2-1710.25LC-1-1423.45
MH-5668.55YJ-1402.30
JH-1635.25ML-1-1396.75
CN-2621.15LC-1378.00
GM-1614.55SJ-1369.75
ZY-1599.55YM-3314.55
MH-4595.20MH-1309.30
DZ-2590.85YJ-4307.50
MH-3555.45XY-1282.15
YJ-2-1547.35LC-2-1280.20
YJ-1-1546.00WM-1252.45
YJ-3514.20YM-1217.20
JG-1498.75AL-1200.10
CN-1482.55YX-1161.40
CN-4475.20ZZ-1112.80
GM-2464.40WN-153.55
CN-3458.85DZ-46.30
YJ-3-1457.95平均产量465.45
), ArticleFig(id=1276616340395918037, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616318145135214, language=EN, label=Tab. 8, caption=

Classification of Cymbopogon resources

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
等级Grade评价条件Condition of evaluation香茅草资源Cymbopogon resource
一级资源精油产量≥675.00 kg/hm2WN-2、RL-1、DZ-3、HK-4-1、MH-2、ML-2-1
二级资源450.00 kg/hm2<精油产量<675.00 kg/hm2MH-5、JH-1、CN-2、GM-1、ZY-1、MH-4、DZ-2、MH-3、YJ-2-1、YJ-1-1、YJ-3、JG-1、CN-1、CN-4、GM-2、CN-3、YJ-3-1、YJ-2
三级资源精油产量≤450.00 kg/hm2DZ-1、MJ-1、YM-2、GM-3、LC-1-1、YJ-1、ML-1-1、LC-1、SJ-1、YM-3、MH-1、YJ-4、XY-1、LC-2-1、WM-1、YM-1、AL-1、YX-1、ZZ-1、WN-1、DZ-4
), ArticleFig(id=1276616340475609814, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616318145135214, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

香茅草资源的等级划分

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
等级Grade评价条件Condition of evaluation香茅草资源Cymbopogon resource
一级资源精油产量≥675.00 kg/hm2WN-2、RL-1、DZ-3、HK-4-1、MH-2、ML-2-1
二级资源450.00 kg/hm2<精油产量<675.00 kg/hm2MH-5、JH-1、CN-2、GM-1、ZY-1、MH-4、DZ-2、MH-3、YJ-2-1、YJ-1-1、YJ-3、JG-1、CN-1、CN-4、GM-2、CN-3、YJ-3-1、YJ-2
三级资源精油产量≤450.00 kg/hm2DZ-1、MJ-1、YM-2、GM-3、LC-1-1、YJ-1、ML-1-1、LC-1、SJ-1、YM-3、MH-1、YJ-4、XY-1、LC-2-1、WM-1、YM-1、AL-1、YX-1、ZZ-1、WN-1、DZ-4
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香茅草种质资源鉴定与评价
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窦秋玉 1 , 罗佳霖 1 , 李佳屹 1 , 罗丽晶 1 , 张晴 1 , 陈浩文 1 , 范源洪 1, 2, *
热带作物学报 | 种质资源与遗传育种 2025,46(11): 2609-2622
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热带作物学报 |种质资源与遗传育种 2025 , 46 (11) : 2609 -2622
香茅草种质资源鉴定与评价
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窦秋玉(1998—),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:药用植物资源评价与种质创新。

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窦秋玉1, 罗佳霖1, 李佳屹1, 罗丽晶1, 张晴1, 陈浩文1, 范源洪1, 2, *
作者信息
  • 1.云南农业大学农学与生物技术学院,云南昆明 650201
  • 2.云南省高原特色农业产业研究院,云南昆明 650201
通讯作者:
* 范源洪(FAN Yuanhong),E-mail:
Identification and Evaluation of Cymbopogon Germplasm Resources
Qiuyu DOU1, Jialin LUO1, Jiayi LI1, Lijing LUO1, Qing ZHANG1, Haowen CHEN1, Yuanhong FAN1, 2, *
Affiliations
  • 1.College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
  • 2.Yunnan Plateau Characteristic Agricultural Industry Research Institute, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
出版时间: 2025-11-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.11.007
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优良种质的鉴定评价是种质资源研究和育种利用的基础。本研究以精油含量为导向,对来自海南、福建、贵州和云南等地的45份香茅草资源进行鉴定评价,在昆明对45份香茅草种质资源进行不同刈割期农艺性状、精油含量及精油主要成分分析。结果表明:全草长、叶长、叶宽、生物产量、精油含量等性状在不同刈割期间、不同材料间均存在显著差异。特征特性与精油含量的相关性分析显示,精油含量与叶长呈显著负相关,与叶宽呈显著正相关。基于农艺性状和精油含量的系统聚类分析,将45份资源分为5个类群,其中第Ⅰ类群有36个,所有材料种名均属于柠檬草;第Ⅱ类群有4个,4个爪哇香茅均聚集在此类群中;青香茅和扭鞘香茅分别被单独聚类到了第Ⅳ和第Ⅴ类群。建立了以精油产量为导向的优良种质鉴定和分级标准,并将45份香茅草资源分为3个等级,其中一级6个,二级18个,三级21个。此外,在元谋试验区,对16份香茅草种质的6个不同时期的精油含量和精油主要成分进行分析。结果表明,精油积累量并不会随种植时间的延长而增长;精油中的主要成分在不同时期中的含量也存在差异,香叶醇在1月达到最高值,芳樟醇于3月含量最高,乙酸香叶酯在9月达峰值,乙酸香茅酯含量最高时期为1月,β-月桂烯在5月含量最高。本研究为香茅草优良种质的鉴定评价、育种利用和优质高产原料生产利用提供科学依据。

香茅草  /  农艺性状  /  精油  /  精油成分  /  种质资源

The identification and evaluation of superior germplasm are the foundation for the research on germplasm resources and breeding utilization. 45 citronella grass resources from Hainan, Fujian, Guizhou, Yunnan and other regions were assayed to evaluate the essential oil content. The agronomic traits, essential oil content and main components of essential oil of the resources at different cutting stages were analyzed in Kunming. The results showed that there were significant differences in total grass length, leaf length, leaf width, biological yield and essential oil content among different cutting periods and different materials. Correlation analysis between characteristic traits and essential oil content revealed that the essential oil content was significantly negatively correlated with leaf length and significantly positively correlated with leaf width. Systematic cluster analysis based on agronomic traits and essential oil content divided the resources into 5 groups. The Ⅰ group contained 36 materials, and all materials were identified as Cymbopogon citra=tus, The Ⅱ group had 4 materials, all in Cymbopogon winterianus. Cymbopogon caesius and Cymbopogon hamatulus were individually clustered into the Ⅳ and Ⅴ groups, respectively. A standard for identifying and grading superior germplasm oriented towards essential oil yield was established, and the 45 resources were divided into three grades, including 6 in the first grade, 18 in the second grade and 21 in the third grade. In addition, the analysis of essential oil content and main components of 16 germplasm in Yuanmou test region at 6 different periods showed that the accumulation of essential oil did not increase with the extension of planting time, and the contents of main components in essential oil also varied in different periods. Geraniol reached the highest value in January; Linalool had the highest content in March; Geranyl acetate peaked in September; Citronellyl acetate had the highest content in January, and β-myrcene was the highest in May. This study would provide a scientific basis for the identification and evaluation of superior citronella grass germplasm, breeding utilization, and the production and utilization of high-quality and high-yield raw materials.

Cymbopogon  /  agronomic traits  /  essential oil  /  essential oil composition  /  germplasm resources
窦秋玉, 罗佳霖, 李佳屹, 罗丽晶, 张晴, 陈浩文, 范源洪. 香茅草种质资源鉴定与评价. 热带作物学报, 2025 , 46 (11) : 2609 -2622 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.11.007
Qiuyu DOU, Jialin LUO, Jiayi LI, Lijing LUO, Qing ZHANG, Haowen CHEN, Yuanhong FAN. Identification and Evaluation of Cymbopogon Germplasm Resources[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2025 , 46 (11) : 2609 -2622 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.11.007
禾本科(Poaceae,Gramineae)香茅属(Cymbopogon Spreng.)是一种芳香、常绿的多年生草本植物,据1997版《中国植物志》收录情况,香茅属共分为3个组(香茅组、鲁沙香茅组、柠檬草组),包含19个种,其中香茅组有2个种,鲁沙香茅组有3个种,柠檬草组有14个种,香茅属植物从短的根状根茎上生长出大量坚硬的茎叶,叶片中富含精油[1]。香茅属植物因其生长周期较短、适应性广和易于栽培等特性,种植面积在不断扩大。据统计,香茅草主要栽培于热带和亚热带地区,如西印度群岛、非洲东部和南亚地区,在中国云南、海南、福建、广西、贵州、台湾等地均有种植[2]
香茅草性味辛、温,具有疏风通络、温中止痛功效,已载入《中药大辞典》[3]。许多研究已经证实,香茅草有对抗各种胃部感染、预防溃疡、促消化通便等功效[4-5]。我国对于香茅草的科学研究起源于二十世纪八十年代,主要围绕香茅草精油及其提取技术、精油成分、药用性能等方面[6]。生物学研究表明,香茅草精油中的化合物具有抗菌活性[7]、抗氧活性[8]、抗寄生虫活性[9]、杀虫和驱虫活性[10]。精油主要用于制造香料、香水、化妆品、洗涤剂和药品等[11];此外,根据美国食品药品监督管理局发布,香茅草精油可以用作食品添加剂,取代合成添加剂[12]。由于香茅草精油的广泛应用,使其成为重要的经济作物。随着人民生活水平的提高,人们对香茅草精油的需求已经转向了追求高品质产品,这使得香茅草种质资源的保存与评价研究显得尤为重要。本研究以精油为导向,进行香茅资源鉴定、品种筛选,为香茅草优良种质的发掘利用提供科学依据。
目前,对香茅草精油的研究主要集中在其成分分析及药用价值评价等层面,但基于精油含量开展优良品种筛选与鉴定评价的相关研究较少。香茅精油的提取方法主要有水蒸气蒸馏法、压榨法、超临界二氧化碳萃取法等[13]。有研究表明,精油主要在植物的叶片中合成[14],但由于香茅草种类繁多,农艺性状表现不一致,导致不同时期、不同地区和不同品种之间的精油含量均存在差异。邱珊莲等[15]研究表明,不同月份的香茅精油含量存在显著差异,漳州地区7月份精油含量达到最高值;周丽珠等[16]研究发现,柠檬香茅的精油含量在9月份达到最高。但这些研究的材料样本数量较少,这导致研究结果代表性不足,因此还需用更多的香茅草种质资源试验结果来对比验证。本研究收集了采自云南、贵州、福建和海南的45份香茅草资源,对不同刈割期的香茅草进行农艺性状及精油含量、精油成分的差异性分析;对其中16份资源进行精油含量周年动态变化规律研究。本研究结果可为香茅草优质品种资源的筛选评价、育种研究和产业化利用提供科学依据。
参试香茅草材料取自云南省昆明市云南农业大学国家热带植物种质资源库特色香料分库,共45份。其中,云南省34份,海南省6份,贵州省4份,福建省1份。
云南的34份材料来源于玉溪(3份)、红河(1份)、德宏(7份)、西双版纳(8份)、临沧(5份)、普洱(3份)、保山(4份)、楚雄(3份)8个州市,涵盖了云南香茅草分布的主要区域。海南省4份包括万宁市(2份)、儋州市(4份)。贵州省4份包括遵义市、兴义市、望谟县和安龙县。福建漳州(1份)。所有材料均以活体植株形式保存于国家热带植物种质资源库特色香料分库内。材料具体信息见表1
在昆明试验区,根据香茅草生产上的采收时间,对45份材料分别于2023年4、8、12月进行刈割。在每次刈割前利用直尺和游标卡尺测定香茅草的特征特性,包括全草长、茎径、叶长和叶宽4个指标。全草长测量方法:从地表到香茅草叶尖的距离作为香茅草全草长;茎径测量方法:选取地上部分的茎段用游标卡尺测量其直径;叶长测量方法:以地上部分茎段最上端为起点,叶尖为终点测量总长度;叶宽测量方法:用游标卡尺测量所选香茅草叶片中部最宽处。每个不同来源地的香茅草材料均随机选取3株进行测量,每株材料的全草长、茎径、叶长和叶宽各指标均分别测量3次,最后结果取均值±标准差(M),并计算变异系数(CV)。之后采收叶片进行精油提取和成分分析。
香茅草精油周年变化规律试验:由于昆明地区的气候条件不利于香茅快速生长以供试验所需,故精油周年变化规律试验地点选择更适宜香茅草生长的元谋进行。在元谋试验区,选择精油含量低、中、高并且生长良好的香茅草材料各4~6份,共16份作为试验材料进行种植试验,将每份材料分为6个取样框(取样框规格为50 cm×50 cm),于2024年1、3、5、7、9、11月依次对6个取样框的材料进行采收,检测精油含量,分析不同生长期的香茅草精油含量及其变化规律。
将香茅草成熟之后采收的鲜叶剪成2~3 cm的小段,称取150 g碎叶放入圆底烧瓶,料液比为1∶5,加入750 mL蒸馏水,用蒸馏装置进行蒸馏。从第1次回流开始计时并收集蒸馏液,蒸馏进行至1.5 h时关闭加热套。将收集到的蒸馏液在油水分离器中进行分离收集,用无水硫酸钠脱水并称取质量,最后计算得油率。由于在前期预试验中将香茅草地上部分分为叶片和茎秆,分别进行精油含量提取,但在茎秆中均未提取出精油,所以茎秆中的精油忽可略不计,仅针对叶片部分提取精油。得油率W=M2/M1×100%,式中:W为香茅草挥发油得率(%);M1为香茅草的质量(g);M2为挥发油的质量(g)。
采用气相色谱-质谱联用法,使用岛津GCMS-TQ8040仪器进行精油成分检测。色谱条件:色谱柱HP-5,25 m×0.20 mm×0.50 µm;检测器:FID;柱温、初温均为100 ℃,保持3 min,升温速度为6 ℃/min,末温为220 ℃,恒温为20 min;进样温度为220 ℃;检测温度为230 ℃;载气为N2;分流比为10∶1,进样量为1.0 μL。
运用计算机检索并与图谱库(NIST)的标准质谱图比对,确认各香气物质的化学成分,按峰面积归一化法,计算样品中各个组分的相对含量。
采用Microsoft Excel 2019软件进行数据整理;采用SPSS 27软件进行相关性分析和系统聚类分析;采用GraghPad prism 8软件进行柱状图和折线图绘制。
45份香茅草材料在2023年4、8、12月的全草长、茎径、叶长、叶宽和生物产量的检测统计分析结果如表2所示。8月全草长(158.08 cm)和叶长(118.43 cm)均显著高于4月和12月。8月的茎径(0.99 cm)和生物产量(43.05 t/hm2)均显著高于4月和12月,4月的茎径和生物产量显著高于12月。结果表明,不同刈割期香茅草的农艺性状和生长状况存在差异。不同来源地的香茅草变异系数范围在12.90%~54.22%之间。有研究表明当变异系数大于10%时,样本间的差异较大[17]。香茅草性状变异系数较大,均高于10%,其中生物产量变异系数最大,变异幅度为44.60%~54.22%,全草长的变异系数最小,变异幅度在12.90%~18.83%之间。
对45份材料的性状进行综合评价,表3为各性状指标中数值最高与最低的香茅草样品,其中DZ-1的全草长、叶长、叶宽的平均值均是最高的,在选育优质香茅草资源时可优先考虑DZ-1。
45份材料在不同刈割期检测的精油含量见表4表4结果显示,第2次刈割期(8月)的精油含量差异较大,变幅范围较大,在0%~1.42%之间,其中精油含量最高的是WN-2,为1.42%,含量最低的是DZ-4,未检测出精油;第3次刈割期(12月)的精油含量差异较小,范围在0%~0.86%之间,其中含量最高的是WN-2,为0.86%,含量最低的是DZ-4,也未检测出精油含量;第1次刈割期(4月)精油含量范围在0.04%~1.16%之间,其中含量最高的是LC-1-1,为1.16%,含量最低的是DZ-4,为0.04%。
将45份材料在不同刈割期的精油含量平均值进行比较分析,结果见图1,结果表明,8月的精油平均含量显著高于4月和12月(P<0.05),而4月与12月的平均含量则无显著差异。该结果可能是由于高温(4、8月)与香茅草精油的合成与积累有较强相关性。
通过热图可视化分析,可看出45份材料在3个不同刈割期的精油含量的差异性(图2)。45份材料精油含量在0.04%~1.42%之间,含量最低的是DZ-4,最高的是WN-2(1.42%),该结果表明,不同材料的精油含量具有明显的差异性。相同材料在不同刈割期的精油含量也具有明显的差异性,4份高油材料(WN-2、DZ-2、LC-2-1、LC-1-1)在4月和8月的精油含量均表现出较高的高油特性,而12月精油含量有所降低;3份低油材料(DZ-4、ZZ-1、WN-1)在3个刈割期的精油含量呈显著的低油特性,其中,DZ-4在8月和12月均未检测出精油,在4月精油含量也仅有0.04%。总的来说精油含量变化与气温呈正相关,推测精油含量受到温度的影响较大。从时间维度上看,大多数香茅草精油在8月的含量达到最高,可以看出高温可促进香茅草的精油含量合成。
为探究香茅草精油的周年变化规律,本研究对16份材料进行6个不同生长期(1、3、5、7、9、11月)精油含量的连续检测,16份材料在不同时期的精油含量如表5所示,结果显示,不同材料间精油含量差异明显,6个时期的精油含量在0.11%~1.45%之间,其中YJ-1在7月的含量最高,为1.45%,ZZ-1在1月的含量最低,为0.11%。在不同月份间,5月不同材料的精油平均含量最高,为0.61%;9、11月的精油平均含量最低,为0.47%(图3),可能受香茅草在秋季生长减缓的影响。结果表明,在生产中可以7月为核心采收期,尤其针对YJ-1、LC-1-1等高产样本。
本研究采用气相色谱检测方法对香茅草精油进行成分分析。对结果进行统计分析可知,含量前10位的主要成分为:柠檬醛(香叶醛+橙花醛)、香茅醛、香叶醇、橙花醇、香茅醇、芳樟醇、乙酸香叶酯、乙酸香茅酯、β-月桂烯。所检测材料含量前10位化合物的相对百分含量在62.24%~90.07%之间(表6)。但DZ-3扭鞘香茅的前10位主要成分与其他材料不同,其相对百分含量前3位为甲基丁香酚(23.07%)、柠檬烯(16.97%)和香叶醇(13.6%)。材料DZ-4由于其精油含量极低无法提取出来,所以本试验未对DZ-4的精油成分进行检测。
以前10位含量的组分为目标化合物,将不同产地香茅草在3次刈割期的主要成分均值进行比较分析(图4),进一步评价香茅草的品质和特性。根据热图可视化分析可知:不同材料的精油主要成分含量存在差异,总体来说,柠檬草的柠檬醛(香叶醛+橙花醛)含量在主要成分中较高,如YM-2(20.50%+35.49%)、YM-3(21.60%+ 38.27%)、DZ-1(20.79%+34.61%);但爪哇香茅(DZ-2、WN-2、LC-1-1、LC-2-1)和青香茅DZ-3的柠檬醛含量却较低。4份爪哇香茅中含量最高的成分均为香茅醛,分别为:LC-2-1(30.32%)、DZ-2(30.83%)、WN-2(22.71%)、LC-1-1(29.76%);含量最低的均为β-月桂烯;而青香茅中含量最高的成分为香叶醇(15.92%),含量最低的是橙花醛,仅有0.87%。研究结果说明了香茅草属内在精油代谢途径上存在明显分化,这也为香茅草精油的多样化开发利用提供了丰富的物质基础。此外,还可根据热图中各成分的含量情况,筛选出特定成分含量高的种质。例如,若要开发以香茅醛为主要成分的产品,可优先考虑WN-2、LC-2-1等;若侧重于香叶醇的利用,则DZ-3、DZ-2等更具优势。
将16份材料在6个不同生长期的精油主要成分平均值进行对比,10份主要成分的各时期平均含量差异如图5所示。精油成分在不同时间的含量存在差异,不同成分的变化趋势和差异均不同。根据方差分析可知,香叶醇的含量在1月达到最高值,且于1月和3月显著高于5、7、9、11月的含量,而5、7、9、11月的含量则无显著差异;芳樟醇的含量在3月达到最高值,显著高于5、7、9月份,5月和7月无显著差异,在9月达到最低;乙酸香叶酯含量在9月达到最高值,显著高于3、5、7、11月,与1月无显著差异;乙酸香茅酯含量最高时期是1月,显著高于5月和7月,与3、9、11月无显著差异;β-月桂烯含量最高的时期是5月,1、3、7、9、11月则无显著差异;16份香茅草香茅醛、香叶醛、橙花醛、橙花醇、香茅醇含量在6个时期中均无显著变化。
对6个性状及10个精油成分指标进行相关性分析,图6展示了香茅不同农艺性状及精油成分之间的关联,精油含量与全草长呈极显著负相关,与叶宽呈显著正相关,表明全草生长旺盛时,精油积累可能受抑,而叶宽较大的香茅草植株其精油含量可能较高。全草长与叶长呈极显著正相关,说明二者生长趋势基本一致,叶长的增加往往伴随全草长的增长。叶长与叶宽呈正相关;茎径与生物产量呈正相关。香茅醛与香叶醛呈极显著负相关;香叶醛与橙花醛呈极显著正相关,说明二者的合成途径可能存在紧密联系;橙花醇与香茅醇呈极显著正相关。生物产量与香茅醛呈显著负相关,说明高生物产量的植株可能不利于香茅醛积累;茎径与香叶醇呈显著负相关,说明茎秆粗壮的植株香叶醇含量可能较低。综上所述,本研究揭示了香茅农艺性状与精油含量、精油成分之间复杂的相关性,为深入理解香茅草生长与代谢调控机制提供科学依据,后续可据此开展针对性研究,如通过调控植株生长状态优化精油成分比例。
通过对45份种质资源的特征性状及精油成分共16个指标进行系统分层聚类分析,根据聚类结果,在欧氏距离为11时,45份香茅草种质资源被分为5个类群(图7)。其中第Ⅰ类群有36份资源,占总体的80%,所有材料种名均属于柠檬草,这表明该种类分布广泛,多样性明显;第Ⅱ类群有4份资源,分别是来自海南省的WN-2和DZ-2、来自云南省的LC-1-1和LC-2-1,均属于爪哇香茅,其精油含量显著高于其余材料,且精油主要成分中含量最高的为香茅醛;第Ⅲ类群是3份柠檬草资源,分别是来自海南省的DZ-1、WN-1和来自云南省的YM-3,该类资源最显著的特征是全草长、叶长、叶宽和茎径等农艺性状均显著高于其他资源;第Ⅳ和第Ⅴ类群均只有1份材料,分别是青香茅和扭鞘香茅。表明所供试的45份资源之间存在着明显的差异性。在5个类群中,柠檬草与爪哇香茅的距离较为接近,而扭鞘香茅与青香茅的距离更接近,说明柠檬草和爪哇香茅的特征性状和精油成分更为相似,扭鞘香茅和青香茅的特征性状和精油成分与柠檬草和爪哇香茅相差较大。该结果从表型和生理生化层面初步揭示了香茅属内的种间差异。
本研究以精油产量为导向,利用精油和生物产量含量2个指标,对45份材料进行高油高产的香茅草种质资源的综合评价,结果见表7。从表7可以看出,不同材料的单位面积精油产量存在明显差异。45份香茅草的平均精油年产量是465.45 kg/hm2,变幅为973.05~6.30 kg/hm2,其中,精油年产量较高的是WN-2、RL-1、DZ-3,分别为973.05、906.45、834.45 kg/hm2;精油年产量较低的是ZZ-1、WN-1、DZ-4,分别为112.80、53.55、6.30 kg/hm2
基于香茅草精油产量的检测结果,建立香茅草资源的评价指标(表8)。按精油产量,将香茅草材料分为3个等级,精油年产量≥675.00 kg/hm2的为一级香茅草资源,共6份;450.00 kg/hm2<精油产量<675.00 kg/hm2的为二级香茅草资源,共18份;精油产量≤450.00 kg/hm2的为三级香茅草资源,共21份。
6个一级资源中,包含了柠檬草4份(HK-4-1、RL-1、MH-2、ML-2-1)、爪哇香茅(WN-2)和青香茅(DZ-3),3个种的精油化学成分均存在差异性,可为不同的生产目的提供优质资源。18份二级资源中,包含1份爪哇香茅DZ-2,其余均为柠檬草,分别来自勐海县3份(MH-3、MH-4、MH-5);元江县3份(YJ-1-1、YJ-2-1、YJ-3-1);昌宁县3份(CN-1、CN-3、CN-4);耿马县2份(GM-1、GM-2);景洪市1份(JH-1);景谷县1份(JG-1);盈江县1份(YJ-2);儋州市1份(DZ-2);遵义市1份(ZY-1)。21份三级资源中,包含了2份爪哇香茅(LC-1-1、LC-2-1),1份扭鞘香茅DZ-4和18份柠檬草。
精油含量是衡量香茅草经济价值的一个重要指标,但生产上种植的香茅草的精油含量往往存在较大差异,导致香茅草精油含量不同的原因与品种、产地环境、采收时间、提取条件和提取工艺等因素有关[18]。研究表明香茅草精油主要在叶片中合成,然而对于表型性状是否影响精油含量目前尚不清晰。前人已对耕作方式、施肥、提取方法等因素是否影响香茅草精油含量进行了许多研究报道,但并未见将香茅草表型性状和精油含量结合对香茅草种质资源进行评价鉴定的有关报道,故本研究针对以上存在的问题进行了研究。
在对不同刈割期的表型性状分析中,本研究结果表明不同香茅草资源的生长状况在不同时期均有明显差异。多数种质资源的农艺性状(全草长、叶长、叶宽、生物产量)在8月达到峰值,表明该时期气候条件(温度、光照等)最适宜香茅生长。夏季充足的光合作用和水分供应促进了营养器官的快速发育,而12月低温和短日照导致生长受限。值得注意的是,12月全草长和叶长的变异系数分别达18.83%和21.18%,显著高于生长旺季,这可能是由于冬季环境压力(如低温胁迫)加剧了不同种质间抗逆基因的表达差异,导致表型分化加剧。例如DZ-1和MH-2在冬季仍维持较高全草长(145.67 cm和149.00 cm),这可能与其细胞壁弹性蛋白基因或抗冻蛋白的高表达相关,这类种质可作为抗寒育种的核心材料。
对香茅草种质资源进行不同刈割期以及周年性的精油含量检测。在不同刈割期中45份材料8月的精油含量显著高于4月和12月。此结论与前人研究结果相似,侯颖辉等[19]对引种于贵州省内的5份香茅草不同月份精油含量的研究也发现在7月(夏季)达到最高。推测可能由于7月和8月昆明地区处于夏季,气温较高,从而使香茅草的次生代谢物质增加。除刈割时间因素影响精油含量外,不同生境、不同属种类型也会影响香茅草精油含量的积累[20-21]。作物在不同生长环境下往往接收到的光照强度、紫外辐射、大气温度、土壤温度、降水量、大气压等均不同;不同属种的香茅草因其基因型存在差异,从而导致植物中的次生合成途径也不同[22],因此会影响到植物精油含量。许智萍等[23]研究发现云南6个地区香茅草的得油率有所差异,盈江地区的香茅草精油得率最高为0.76%,而本研究测得盈江地区香茅草精油含量在0.43%~1.45%之间;梁宗武等[24]采用水蒸气蒸馏法在不同条件下提取海南产香茅草精油,最大得油率为0.68%;李桂珍等[25]通过研究3个不同产地的香茅油发现,精油含量存在明显差异;欧阳婷等[20]研究了5个不同产地的香茅挥发油发现,湖南、广东和海南的香茅含油量基本相同,福建和浙江的香茅含油量较低。本研究中福建省材料也表现出较低的含量(0.11%~0.29%)。除香茅草外,其他香料植物精油含量也存在明显差异,司学政[26]研究了38份藏茴香种质资源的香油含量,结果表明不同种质的藏茴香精油含量也均不同。此外,对6个不同生长期的16份香茅草精油含量进行分析,结果发现精油积累量并不会随时间的增长而逐渐增加,精油含量最高的时期为5—8月期间,因此可在适当的时期对香茅草进行多次采收,从而提高精油产量。
香茅草中的挥发性成分与含量是评价香茅草品质的重要指标。研究表明,香茅草精油中含有多种有效成分,主要有萜类、醇类、脂类和醛类等化合物组成。对香茅草精油的成分分析是鉴定评价优良种质的关键。不同香茅草资源间成分含量存在明显差异,特别是不同香茅品种中的精油成分存在较大的差异,挥发性化合物主要由萜类化合物组成(80%以上)。其中,爪哇香茅(DZ-2、WN-2、LC2-1和LC-1-1)的主要成分为香茅醛(22.71%~30.32%);青香茅(DZ-3)中含量最高的物质为甲基丁香酚占比23.07%(属苯丙素类化合物);而柠檬草资源精油中主要成分均为柠檬醛。这与前人的研究结果相似,有研究表明,爪哇香茅(Cymbopogon winterinus)的精油主要成分是香茅醛(29.1%~35.4%)、香茅醇(22.5%~30.2%),而柠檬草的主要成分为柠檬醛(>75.0%)[27]。值得注意的是,本研究报道了青香茅精油的主要成分,这对香茅属物种在生理生化指标方面的分类提供一定的理论基础。综上所述,爪哇香茅、柠檬草、青香茅虽同属香茅属,但主要香气成分的物质及其含量均存在较大差异,表明3个物种香气成分合成路径及相关调控基因可能存在较大差异,可进一步结合转录组、代谢组信息深度探索其中存在的差异。
本研究利用所测指标对45份种质资源进行系统聚类分析,将45份香茅草资源聚为5个类群,其中第Ⅰ类群共有36份资源,占群体的80%,其共有的特点是36份资源均属于柠檬草;第Ⅱ类群共有4份资源,WN-2和DZ-2是来自海南的爪哇香茅,而LC-1-1和LC-2-1是来自云南省的爪哇香茅,其主要特征是精油含量显著较高;第Ⅲ类群把全草长、叶长、叶宽、和茎径等均显著高于其他资源的3个资源聚集在一起;而青香茅和扭鞘香茅则分别被单独聚类到第Ⅳ和第Ⅴ类群。该聚类情况与本研究开展的重测序分析聚类情况相似,海南青香茅DZ-3与扭鞘香茅DZ-4被聚集在1个亚支上(另文发表),这共同说明了青香茅与扭鞘香茅之间亲缘关系较近,可能发生了基因渗透或共享祖先遗传背景。该结果初步揭示了香茅属内的种属关系,为香茅草的遗传背景和起源演化提供了理论依据。但由于本研究样本主要以云南省为主,省外样本较少且缺乏国外样本,可能会导致研究结果缺乏一定代表性,本研究结论可能仅适用于相似生态区(如西南亚热带),未来仍需纳入更多国内外资源来进一步探究,使结果更为全面准确。
将表型性状、精油含量和精油主要成分进行相关性分析后发现,精油含量与全草长呈显著负相关,与叶宽呈显著正相关,表明全草生长旺盛时,精油积累可能受抑,而叶宽较大的香茅草植株其精油含量可能较高。这一结果表明植株可能将更多资源分配到生长而非次生代谢产物(精油)的合成。该现象与HERMS等[28]提出的“环境因素可能使生物量与次生代谢产物存在竞争性分配”理论一致。香茅草精油成分中绝大部分均属于萜类化合物,而防御性化合物(如萜类、酯类)的合成消耗能量和底物,可能会抑制生长;快速生长的模块(如幼叶)则防御较弱,其防御性化合物也较少。但仍需结合分子机制与生态模型,进一步揭示植物防御策略的进化动态。本研究根据精油产量,可将45份香茅草资源分为3个等级,得到一级资源6份,其中WN-2和RL-1资源明显优于其他资源,二级资源18份,三级资源21份。在育种工作中,可根据不同育种目标而选择合适的香茅草种质。
种质资源是育种和产业发展的基础[29],种质资源的鉴定评价是优良种质筛选的根本保证,对香茅草新品种培育和开发利用具有重要意义。本研究通过对不同时期香茅草的农艺性状、精油含量与精油主要成分进行分析评价,研究结果可为香茅草优质资源的收集保存、精准鉴定评价和育种利用奠定良好基础,并为香茅草优质高产原料等生产利用提供科学依据。
  • 云南省重大科技专项计划项目(2019ZG00903)
  • 国家科技资源共享服务平台(NTPGRC2024-015)
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2025年第46卷第11期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.11.007
  • 接收时间:2025-05-12
  • 首发时间:2026-06-24
  • 出版时间:2025-11-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-05-12
  • 录用日期:2025-07-19
基金
云南省重大科技专项计划项目(2019ZG00903)
国家科技资源共享服务平台(NTPGRC2024-015)
作者信息
    1.云南农业大学农学与生物技术学院,云南昆明 650201
    2.云南省高原特色农业产业研究院,云南昆明 650201

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* 范源洪(FAN Yuanhong),E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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