Article(id=1276530457357451434, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276530095770693736, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.07.007, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1737820800000, receivedDateStr=2025-01-26, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1742832000000, acceptedDateStr=2025-03-25, onlineDate=1782278177823, onlineDateStr=2026-06-24, pubDate=1753372800000, pubDateStr=2025-07-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1782278177823, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1782278177823, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1782278177823, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1276530095770693736, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, year='2025', volume='46', issue='7', pageStart='1533', pageEnd='1784', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1753372800000', pubDateStr='2025-07-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1782278091614, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782299002258, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1276617801443971243, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276530095770693736, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1276617801448165548, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276530095770693736, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1594, endPage=1607, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1276530460347990188, articleId=1276530457357451434, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=EN, title=Transcriptome-based Analysis of Bok Choy (Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis) Response to High Light Conditions, columnId=1236256430337085821, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, columnName=Omics & Biotechnology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Bok choy (Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis) is an important vegetable crop native to China and is also one of the leafy vegetables favored by people in Hainan. The high temperature and intense sunlight in Hainan’s summer greatly affect the normal growth and development of bok choy, reducing its yield and quality. At present, research on the growth of bok choy under abiotic stress is mostly focused on heat tolerance, while study on the response of bok choy to strong light stress is relatively scarce. To investigate the molecular regulatory mechanisms of bok choy in response to strong light, this study used the variety ‘Aijiao Huang’ as the research object. We compared and analyzed the physiological indicators, photosynthetic characteristics, and expression levels of response genes in the leaves of bok choy under normal light [300 μmol/(m2·s)] and strong light [1500 μmol/(m2·s)]. Under strong light, dry weight of bok choy significantly increased, and the R/S ratio gradually increased from day 0 to day 10, followed by a significant decrease on day 15. The chlorophyll content significantly decreased in the later stages. Pn, Tr, and Gs significantly increased on day 5 under strong light, and then gradually decreased, while Ci remained relatively stable. Using RNA-seq technology for transcriptome sequencing, a total of 2324 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses revealed 14 DEGs related to photosynthesis and photoprotection mechanisms, and 6 DEGs associated with antioxidant enzyme activity. 8 DEGs were selected for qRT-PCR validation, which were consistent with the transcriptome sequencing results, confirming the reliability of the transcriptome analysis. Strong light had a certain impact on the antioxidant enzyme activity of bok choy. During days 0-5, the activity of SOD, POD, and CAT was induced to increase, while from days 5-15, the activity of SOD and POD gradually decreased, and CAT showed an upward trend. In summary, bok choy may rapidly respond to photosynthesis-related mechanisms and regulate antioxidant enzyme activity under strong light conditions, thereby alleviating the inhibitory effects of strong light on growth and enhancing the seedlings adaptability to strong light.

, authors=null, authorsList=Ying ZHAO, Chang ZHANG, Xu WANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Xu WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1276530491725578428, articleId=1276530457357451434, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=CN, title=基于转录组分析小白菜对强光条件的响应, columnId=1236256430517440904, journalTitle=热带作物学报, columnName=组学与生物技术, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

小白菜是原产我国的重要蔬菜作物,也是海南人民喜爱的叶菜之一。海南夏季的高温和强光在很大程度上影响了小白菜的正常生长发育,降低了其产量和品质。目前,对小白菜在非生物胁迫下生长的研究多集中在耐热性方面,关于小白菜对强光胁迫的应答研究较少。为探究小白菜响应强光的分子调控机制,本研究以不结球小白菜品种矮脚黄作为研究对象,比较分析在正常光照[300 μmol/(m2·s)]和强光[1500 μmol/(m2·s)]下小白菜叶片生理指标、光合特性及响应基因表达量的变化。结果表明:(1)强光下小白菜干重显著增加,根冠比在0~10 d逐渐增加,第15天与第10天相比显著下降;(2)强光下小白菜的叶绿素含量在后期显著下降,净光合速率、蒸腾速率和气孔导度在第5天显著升高,之后逐渐降低,胞间CO2浓度基本不变;(3)利用RNA-seq技术进行转录组测序,共得到2324个差异表达基因,通过GO、KEGG富集分析发现14个与光合作用及光保护机制相关的DEGs,6个抗氧化酶活性相关的DEGs,从中筛选出8个差异表达基因进行qRT-PCR验证,与转录组测序结果基本一致,证明转录组分析结果具有可靠性;(4)强光会对小白菜抗氧化酶活性造成一定程度的影响,在0~5 d时诱导SOD、POD、CAT活性上升,5~15 d时SOD、POD活性逐渐下降,CAT活性呈上升趋势。综上所述,在强光条件下,小白菜通过迅速响应光合作用相关的基因如HY5ELIP2、CLH2等,并调控植物抗氧化酶活性相关基因如PER71SODCPCAT2等,缓解强光对其生长的抑制,增强抗氧化酶活性,进而提高幼苗对强光的适应能力。

, authors=

赵颖(1999—),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:设施园艺。

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* 王旭(WANG Xu),E-mail:
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赵颖(1999—),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:设施园艺。

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赵颖(1999—),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:设施园艺。

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***表示差异极显著(P<0.001)。

, figureFileSmall=xEc6kq7jXWv5J0xG1xXjMA==, figureFileBig=m8g/sGx2wausjTrZsGfAqA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276530531638575345, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530457357451434, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Primer sequences for qRT-PCR validation of differentially expressed genes

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基因ID Gene ID基因名称Gene name正向引物(5′-3′)Forward primer (5ʹ-3ʹ)反向引物(5′-3′)Reverse primer (5ʹ-3ʹ)
LOC103848938GAPDHGACTGGAGAGGTGGAAGAGCATCTCGTCGTAGGTTGCAGC
ncbi_103835863LHCA6GCAGAGTGGAAAACGGACGAAGGAAGACTGCCATCGAGC
ncbi_103833106LHCA5GACTCCTCAGCCGTCATCACCGTCGAGGTAAGGAGGAGGT
ncbi_103865334LHCB1.3GAAGACCGTTGCCAAGCCAGTGTCCCAGCCGTAGTCTC
ncbi_103850280CYP97C1CTCACTCGCACCATCACCTCGGTAGATGGGTCCGTACTCG
ncbi_117126611ZEPAGGAGAAGCGGGAGACAGTAAGGCGTTGCTCTGAATCTGA
ncbi_103871859Z-ISOACTCTCGTCCGTAGCACTCTTCCAAGGATAACGCCGAAGT
ncbi_103833353NYC1GGGCGATGGAAGTGATGAGTTCTTTCGCAACAGAGCCATGA
ncbi_117126229psbAGCGGCTCCCTATTTAGTGCTACCGTGAGCAGCTACAATGT
), ArticleFig(id=1276530532032839922, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530457357451434, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

用于差异表达基因qRT-PCR验证的引物序列

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基因ID Gene ID基因名称Gene name正向引物(5′-3′)Forward primer (5ʹ-3ʹ)反向引物(5′-3′)Reverse primer (5ʹ-3ʹ)
LOC103848938GAPDHGACTGGAGAGGTGGAAGAGCATCTCGTCGTAGGTTGCAGC
ncbi_103835863LHCA6GCAGAGTGGAAAACGGACGAAGGAAGACTGCCATCGAGC
ncbi_103833106LHCA5GACTCCTCAGCCGTCATCACCGTCGAGGTAAGGAGGAGGT
ncbi_103865334LHCB1.3GAAGACCGTTGCCAAGCCAGTGTCCCAGCCGTAGTCTC
ncbi_103850280CYP97C1CTCACTCGCACCATCACCTCGGTAGATGGGTCCGTACTCG
ncbi_117126611ZEPAGGAGAAGCGGGAGACAGTAAGGCGTTGCTCTGAATCTGA
ncbi_103871859Z-ISOACTCTCGTCCGTAGCACTCTTCCAAGGATAACGCCGAAGT
ncbi_103833353NYC1GGGCGATGGAAGTGATGAGTTCTTTCGCAACAGAGCCATGA
ncbi_117126229psbAGCGGCTCCCTATTTAGTGCTACCGTGAGCAGCTACAATGT
), ArticleFig(id=1276530534117409012, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530457357451434, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Impact of high-intensity light on biomass of bok choy

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光照强度Light intensity/(μmol·m-2·s-1)处理天数Treatment day干重Dry weight/g根冠比R/S ratio
30000.11±0.002d0.148±0.154b
51.09±0.05c0.180±0.007a
102.62±0.38b0.156±0.012b
153.09±0.07b0.159±0.006b
150000.12±0.01d0.146±0.008b
51.10±0.07c0.154±0.010b
102.97±0.32b0.194±0.002a
153.73±0.56a0.172±0.003b
), ArticleFig(id=1276530534926909685, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530457357451434, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

强光对小白菜生物量的影响

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光照强度Light intensity/(μmol·m-2·s-1)处理天数Treatment day干重Dry weight/g根冠比R/S ratio
30000.11±0.002d0.148±0.154b
51.09±0.05c0.180±0.007a
102.62±0.38b0.156±0.012b
153.09±0.07b0.159±0.006b
150000.12±0.01d0.146±0.008b
51.10±0.07c0.154±0.010b
102.97±0.32b0.194±0.002a
153.73±0.56a0.172±0.003b
), ArticleFig(id=1276530535467974902, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530457357451434, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

Photosynthetic indices of bok choy leaves under high-intensity light

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
光照强度Light intensity/(μmol·m-2·s-1)处理天数Treatment days相对叶绿素含量SPAD净光合速率Pn/(μmol·m-2·s-1)胞间CO2浓度Ci/(μmol·mol-1)蒸腾速率Tr/(mmol·m-2·s-1)气孔导度Gs/(mol·m-2·s-1)
300040.50±0.26a15.03±1.32b358.30±3.55a0.64±0.03c0.18±0.006c
542.30±0.98a13.30±0.44b344.44±16.59a0.75±0.02c0.19±0.004c
1042.37±0.31a13.13±0.84b373.19±14.24a0.81±0.02c0.20±0.002c
1543.23±1.03a9.76±1.15c354.40±5.36a0.74±0.02c0.18±0.001c
1500041.87±1.36a15.41±1.19b358.27±3.02a0.66±0.03c0.18±0.106c
538.80±0.66a32.92±2.40a347.62±21.94a2.18±0.12a0.33±0.023a
1034.47±2.06b27.55±1.69a328.46±8.67a1.87±0.03b0.25±0.020b
1531.93±1.08b17.19±1.83b320.86±19.53a1.62±0.17b0.15±0.010d
), ArticleFig(id=1276530535849656567, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530457357451434, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

强光下小白菜叶片光合指标

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
光照强度Light intensity/(μmol·m-2·s-1)处理天数Treatment days相对叶绿素含量SPAD净光合速率Pn/(μmol·m-2·s-1)胞间CO2浓度Ci/(μmol·mol-1)蒸腾速率Tr/(mmol·m-2·s-1)气孔导度Gs/(mol·m-2·s-1)
300040.50±0.26a15.03±1.32b358.30±3.55a0.64±0.03c0.18±0.006c
542.30±0.98a13.30±0.44b344.44±16.59a0.75±0.02c0.19±0.004c
1042.37±0.31a13.13±0.84b373.19±14.24a0.81±0.02c0.20±0.002c
1543.23±1.03a9.76±1.15c354.40±5.36a0.74±0.02c0.18±0.001c
1500041.87±1.36a15.41±1.19b358.27±3.02a0.66±0.03c0.18±0.106c
538.80±0.66a32.92±2.40a347.62±21.94a2.18±0.12a0.33±0.023a
1034.47±2.06b27.55±1.69a328.46±8.67a1.87±0.03b0.25±0.020b
1531.93±1.08b17.19±1.83b320.86±19.53a1.62±0.17b0.15±0.010d
), ArticleFig(id=1276530536713683192, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530457357451434, language=EN, label=Tab. 4, caption=

Quality analysis of transcriptome sequencing of bok choy

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品Sample原始数据Raw reads干净数据Clean reads干净数据占比Clean reads propotion/%Above Q30 propotion/%GC含量GC content/%
AJH-CK-138 612 00038 457 70899.6093.5247.66
AJH-CK-244 296 72444 134 25899.6393.7647.66
AJH-CK-340 354 47840 201 82299.6293.447.63
AJH-HL-139 184 14839 034 91899.6293.6047.86
AJH-HL-244 823 79044 653 44699.6293.9647.87
AJH-HL-345 246 36245 096 62699.6793.5147.86
), ArticleFig(id=1276530538764697849, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530457357451434, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

小白菜转录组测序质量相关分析

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样品Sample原始数据Raw reads干净数据Clean reads干净数据占比Clean reads propotion/%Above Q30 propotion/%GC含量GC content/%
AJH-CK-138 612 00038 457 70899.6093.5247.66
AJH-CK-244 296 72444 134 25899.6393.7647.66
AJH-CK-340 354 47840 201 82299.6293.447.63
AJH-HL-139 184 14839 034 91899.6293.6047.86
AJH-HL-244 823 79044 653 44699.6293.9647.87
AJH-HL-345 246 36245 096 62699.6793.5147.86
), ArticleFig(id=1276530539553227002, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530457357451434, language=EN, label=Tab. 5, caption=

Effects of high-intensity light on antioxidant enzyme activity in bok choy

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
光照强度Light intensity/(μmol·m-2·s-1)处理天数Treatment days超氧化物歧化酶活性SOD activity/(U·g-1)过氧化物酶活性POD activity/(U·g-1)过氧化氢酶活性CAT activity/(U·g-1)
3000124.54±15.44d385.474±20.81d20.08±0.75d
5252.39±16.23c588.888±6.96c24.36±0.88c
10265.58±30.86c581.359±13.58c17.89±0.46e
15172.14±11.22d520.016±32.09c14.15±0.11f
15000124.03±17.13d387.618±13.83d20.17±0.81d
5626.87±11.04a695.244±9.50a25.81±0.69c
10357.49±28.35c628.827±7.87b34.71±1.04b
15473.32±4.57b675.396±4.36a38.83±0.75a
), ArticleFig(id=1276530540094292219, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530457357451434, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

强光对小白菜抗氧化酶活性的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
光照强度Light intensity/(μmol·m-2·s-1)处理天数Treatment days超氧化物歧化酶活性SOD activity/(U·g-1)过氧化物酶活性POD activity/(U·g-1)过氧化氢酶活性CAT activity/(U·g-1)
3000124.54±15.44d385.474±20.81d20.08±0.75d
5252.39±16.23c588.888±6.96c24.36±0.88c
10265.58±30.86c581.359±13.58c17.89±0.46e
15172.14±11.22d520.016±32.09c14.15±0.11f
15000124.03±17.13d387.618±13.83d20.17±0.81d
5626.87±11.04a695.244±9.50a25.81±0.69c
10357.49±28.35c628.827±7.87b34.71±1.04b
15473.32±4.57b675.396±4.36a38.83±0.75a
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基于转录组分析小白菜对强光条件的响应
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赵颖 , 张厂 , 王旭 *
热带作物学报 | 组学与生物技术 2025,46(7): 1594-1607
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热带作物学报 |组学与生物技术 2025 , 46 (7) : 1594 -1607
基于转录组分析小白菜对强光条件的响应
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赵颖, 张厂, 王旭*
作者信息
  • 海南大学热带农林学院,海南海口 570228
通讯作者:
* 王旭(WANG Xu),E-mail:
Transcriptome-based Analysis of Bok Choy (Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis) Response to High Light Conditions
Ying ZHAO, Chang ZHANG, Xu WANG*
Affiliations
  • School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
出版时间: 2025-07-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.07.007
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小白菜是原产我国的重要蔬菜作物,也是海南人民喜爱的叶菜之一。海南夏季的高温和强光在很大程度上影响了小白菜的正常生长发育,降低了其产量和品质。目前,对小白菜在非生物胁迫下生长的研究多集中在耐热性方面,关于小白菜对强光胁迫的应答研究较少。为探究小白菜响应强光的分子调控机制,本研究以不结球小白菜品种矮脚黄作为研究对象,比较分析在正常光照[300 μmol/(m2·s)]和强光[1500 μmol/(m2·s)]下小白菜叶片生理指标、光合特性及响应基因表达量的变化。结果表明:(1)强光下小白菜干重显著增加,根冠比在0~10 d逐渐增加,第15天与第10天相比显著下降;(2)强光下小白菜的叶绿素含量在后期显著下降,净光合速率、蒸腾速率和气孔导度在第5天显著升高,之后逐渐降低,胞间CO2浓度基本不变;(3)利用RNA-seq技术进行转录组测序,共得到2324个差异表达基因,通过GO、KEGG富集分析发现14个与光合作用及光保护机制相关的DEGs,6个抗氧化酶活性相关的DEGs,从中筛选出8个差异表达基因进行qRT-PCR验证,与转录组测序结果基本一致,证明转录组分析结果具有可靠性;(4)强光会对小白菜抗氧化酶活性造成一定程度的影响,在0~5 d时诱导SOD、POD、CAT活性上升,5~15 d时SOD、POD活性逐渐下降,CAT活性呈上升趋势。综上所述,在强光条件下,小白菜通过迅速响应光合作用相关的基因如HY5ELIP2、CLH2等,并调控植物抗氧化酶活性相关基因如PER71SODCPCAT2等,缓解强光对其生长的抑制,增强抗氧化酶活性,进而提高幼苗对强光的适应能力。

小白菜  /  强光处理  /  生理响应  /  转录组分析  /  基因挖掘

Bok choy (Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis) is an important vegetable crop native to China and is also one of the leafy vegetables favored by people in Hainan. The high temperature and intense sunlight in Hainan’s summer greatly affect the normal growth and development of bok choy, reducing its yield and quality. At present, research on the growth of bok choy under abiotic stress is mostly focused on heat tolerance, while study on the response of bok choy to strong light stress is relatively scarce. To investigate the molecular regulatory mechanisms of bok choy in response to strong light, this study used the variety ‘Aijiao Huang’ as the research object. We compared and analyzed the physiological indicators, photosynthetic characteristics, and expression levels of response genes in the leaves of bok choy under normal light [300 μmol/(m2·s)] and strong light [1500 μmol/(m2·s)]. Under strong light, dry weight of bok choy significantly increased, and the R/S ratio gradually increased from day 0 to day 10, followed by a significant decrease on day 15. The chlorophyll content significantly decreased in the later stages. Pn, Tr, and Gs significantly increased on day 5 under strong light, and then gradually decreased, while Ci remained relatively stable. Using RNA-seq technology for transcriptome sequencing, a total of 2324 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses revealed 14 DEGs related to photosynthesis and photoprotection mechanisms, and 6 DEGs associated with antioxidant enzyme activity. 8 DEGs were selected for qRT-PCR validation, which were consistent with the transcriptome sequencing results, confirming the reliability of the transcriptome analysis. Strong light had a certain impact on the antioxidant enzyme activity of bok choy. During days 0-5, the activity of SOD, POD, and CAT was induced to increase, while from days 5-15, the activity of SOD and POD gradually decreased, and CAT showed an upward trend. In summary, bok choy may rapidly respond to photosynthesis-related mechanisms and regulate antioxidant enzyme activity under strong light conditions, thereby alleviating the inhibitory effects of strong light on growth and enhancing the seedlings adaptability to strong light.

bok choy  /  strong light  /  physiological response  /  transcriptome analysis  /  gene mining
赵颖, 张厂, 王旭. 基于转录组分析小白菜对强光条件的响应. 热带作物学报, 2025 , 46 (7) : 1594 -1607 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.07.007
Ying ZHAO, Chang ZHANG, Xu WANG. Transcriptome-based Analysis of Bok Choy (Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis) Response to High Light Conditions[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2025 , 46 (7) : 1594 -1607 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.07.007
光照是影响植物生长发育的重要环境因子之一,对植物生长发育起关键调控作用[1],但光照强度过高会引发光氧化胁迫,诱导光合电子传递链过度还原,造成叶绿体内活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)爆发性累积,影响植物正常的生长发育进程,最终导致产量或品质降低[2],如强光下栽培大豆植株变矮,提前衰老[3];芍药[4]和葡萄[5]等植物的根茎叶中有机物累积能力变差、叶片生物量减少。叶绿体(chloroplast)是绿色植物光合作用的基本功能单位,也是植物激素与活性氧生物合成的重要场所,参与调节植物的生长发育、抗逆应答、寄主-病原互作等[6-7]。研究证明GLKs基因是调控植物叶绿体发育及其机能维持的关键转录因子[8],过表达GLKs基因可导致转基因植株的叶片等光合组织更绿,甚至还能使非光合组织(如根)形成具有功能的叶绿体[9]。此外,强光还会导致光系统元件的损伤,其中对PSII的损伤往往更为显著,叶绿素和类胡萝卜素吸收的过量光能会破坏PSⅡ反应中心的完整性。捕光叶绿素a/b结合蛋白是分布在PSI和PSⅡ上的类囊体膜蛋白,其分为Lhca(light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b binding proteins of photosystem I)和Lhcb(light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b binding proteins of photosystemⅡ)两个蛋白亚族,分别由LhcaLhcb两个多基因家族编码,通过与叶绿素、类胡萝卜素和叶黄素等色素分子结合,在光能吸收、能量分布,以及维持类囊体结构等方面发挥作用[10]。研究发现,在拟南芥中,敲除或下调Lhcb基因,都会影响植株光合速率和叶绿素含量,从而出现浅绿色或泛白的叶色表型以及生长延迟的现象[11-13]。由此可见,强光不仅会对植物的生长发育产生显著影响,还会在分子层面引发一系列复杂的生理和生化变化。这些变化包括叶绿体结构和功能的损伤、光合电子传递链的紊乱、活性氧的过度积累以及相关基因表达的改变。这些分子机制的研究为理解植物在强光胁迫下的适应性反应提供了重要的理论基础,并为培育耐强光胁迫的作物品种提供了潜在的靶点。
海南省位于中国的最南端,属于海洋性热带季风气候,年平均温度在22~26 ℃之间;每年夏秋季节,高温强光照会导致海南岛叶菜类蔬菜生产困难,必须从岛外调运。小白菜(Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis)是十字花科芸薹属芸薹种白菜亚种,又称不结球白菜、青菜、油菜等,性喜冷凉,是原产我国的重要蔬菜作物。小白菜是海南人民喜爱的叶菜之一,海南夏季的高温和强光在很大程度上影响了小白菜的正常生长发育,降低了其产量和品质。
目前,对小白菜在非生物胁迫下生长的研究多集中在耐热性方面,关于小白菜对强光胁迫的应答研究较少。本研究以海南地区种植较广泛的小白菜品种矮脚黄为研究对象,利用LED作光源,测定小白菜生物量、叶片光合指标和抗氧化酶活性,用RNA-seq进行转录组测序,筛选差异表达基因并进行功能注释分析,在转录组水平上分析强光下小白菜相关响应基因进行初步探究,以期探究小白菜适应强光的分子机制,为小白菜夏季栽培和育种提供理论依据。
供试小白菜品种为矮脚黄(购自南京市蔬菜种子公司)。选取饱满且均匀一致的种子直接播于聚氨酯泡沫小方块(2 cm×2 cm×2 cm)中,置于塑料育苗盘中,25 ℃黑暗条件下进行催芽,2 d后种子露白及时见光,光照强度为300 μmol/(m2·s),光周期为12 h光照/12 h黑暗,温度为25 ℃/18 ℃,湿度为(70±5)%。两叶一心时,将小苗分组移至栽培架进行不同光强下的水培种植:正常光处理的光照强度为300 μmol/(m2·s)(CK),强光处理的光照强度为1500 μmol/(m2·s)(HL),其他条件保持一致。
每隔5 d各取5株幼苗,洗净晾干后将地上部和地下部放于信封袋,置于烘箱,105 ℃杀青30 min,75 ℃烘干至恒重后分别测定地上部和地下部干重。根冠比=地下部分干重/地上部分干重。
用SPAD-502型叶绿素仪测定小白菜叶片叶绿素相对含量(SPAD)。选取植株从上向下数第3~4片成熟度与测量方位一致、健康完整叶片的3个不同部位进行叶绿素指标测定。每个品种设置3次重复。
采用美国Li-Cor公司的Li-6400便携式光合仪,在晴天上午9:00—11:30测定植株从上向下数第3~4片完全展开叶的净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、细胞间隙CO2浓度(Ci)和蒸腾速率(Tr)。测定时叶室内温度为(25±1)℃,光量子通量密度与处理光强保持一致。
取光照处理0、5、10、15 d后的幼苗叶片用于抗氧化酶活性的测定。将叶片剪碎装入离心管,经液氮速冻后于-80 ℃冰箱保存。过氧化物酶(POD)活性采用愈创木酚法[14]测定,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性采用氮蓝四唑(NBT)光还原法[15]测定,过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性采用紫外分光光度法[16]测定。
选取光照5 d后生长一致的小白菜各3株,取同一叶位的叶片洗净,迅速吸干水分并投入液氮速冻,委托广州基迪奥生物技术有限公司进行有参转录组测序。利用RNA提取试剂盒提取小白菜叶片总RNA,样品总RNA用琼脂糖凝胶电泳分析完整性及是否存在DNA污染;采用NanoDrop微量分光光度计测量核酸浓度,再使用Agilent 2100检测RNA完整性;RNA质检合格构建cDNA文库,库检合格后,利用Illumina Novaseq X Plus进行高通量测序。
采用fastp软件对fastq格式的raw reads进行处理[17],去除低质量reads后获得clean reads,使用HISAT2软件将双端测序得到的序列比对到参考基因组[18],根据HISAT2的比对结果,利用Stringtie重构转录本[19],并用RSEM计算每个样本中所有基因的表达量。基因差异表达分析的输入数据为基因表达水平分析中得到的read counts数据,使用edgeR软件分析,对read counts进行标准化(normalization);根据模型进行假设检验概率(p value)的计算;最后进行多重假设检验校正,得到FDR值(错误发现率)。基于差异分析结果,筛选FDR<0.05且|log2(FC)|>1的基因为显著差异基因(DEG)。
选取8个关键差异表达基因进行实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)验证,利用Primer 5软件设计定量引物,引物序列见表1,使用翌圣生物科技(上海)股份有限公司反转录试剂盒对测序公司返样RNA进行反转录。qRT-PCR程序为:95 ℃预变性5 min;95 ℃变性10 s,55 ℃退火15 s,60 ℃延伸30 s,40个循环。内参基因为GAPDH,设置3次生物学重复和3次技术重复,使用2-ΔΔCt法计算相对表达量。
采用Excel软件分析小白菜生理指标数据,采用SPSS 27.0软件进行方差分析,用Duncan法对各处理差异显著性进行分析,用不同小写字母表示差异显著水平(P<0.05),并用Graphpad Prism 8软件作图。
表2可以看出,正常光[300 μmol/(m2·s)]和强光[1500 μmol/(m2·s)]处理下,小白菜干重在第5天和第10天均显著增加;处理15 d时,正常光照下小白菜干重比0、5 d显著增加,与10 d相比差异不显著而强光处理的干重则显著增加,且与正常光相比差异显著,说明强光下小白菜生物量增长速度更快。
植物的根冠比能够反映植物地下部分与地上部分的生物量累积情况,正常光下小白菜的根冠比呈现先增加后逐渐降低的趋势,第5天时最大,在第10天时显著下降;强光处理下小白菜的根冠比在0~10 d逐渐增加,第15天显著下降。与对照相比,强光处理下第5天的根冠比显著低于正常光,在第10天时显著高于正常光,这一结果表明,在0~5 d时强光处理下植株的生物量积累更多集中在地上部分,而5~10 d,则更多集中在地下部分。这是因为植物受强光影响前期可能将更多的资源分配到地上部分以提高光合作用能力,造成根冠比的下降;一段时间后植物需要增强水分吸收以应对蒸腾加剧,根系的生长可能会被刺激,从而导致根冠比上升。
叶绿素含量的高低可作为植物耐强光能力的重要指标。由表3可知,正常光下小白菜SPAD值基本稳定;在强光处理下,小白菜SPAD值呈显著下降趋势,第10天下降达显著水平。正常光照下,小白菜在不同时间下的PnGsTr变化不大;而强光下,小白菜的PnGsTr均在第5天时显著升高,呈现先升高后逐渐降低的趋势,说明处理5 d小白菜会受到一定程度的强光抑制。与对照相比,强光处理后小白菜叶片的Ci变化差异不显著,而PnGs的变化规律基本一致,说明强光下小白菜叶片的Pn变化主要受气孔影响,与叶肉细胞的光合能力无关。
取正常光和强光处理组样品进行转录组测序,将原始测序数据进行过滤得到干净序列(clean reads)。如表4所示,整体测序数据质量各样本clean reads所占比例在99.5%以上,碱基质量超过Q30的比例均在93%以上,GC含量均在47.5%左右。结果表明测序质量合格,可用于后续分析。
依据FPKM法进行样品间差异分析,由图1可知,结果共得到了2324个差异表达基因(DEGs),与正常光照处理相比,强光处理组表达下调的DEGs有1376个,表达上调的DEGs有948个,下调的基因数明显高于上调的基因数。
通过GO功能富集分析,将差异表达基因分为生物学过程(biological process)、细胞组成(cellular component)、分子功能(molecular function)三大类。如图2所示,生物学过程方面,强光下小白菜DEGs主要富集在防御反应、细胞对光刺激、光强度的响应,以及活性氧、茉莉酸、叶绿素代谢过程,其中防御反应富集到的基因数量最多,其次是活性氧代谢(包括过氧化氢相关代谢途径),说明小白菜在强光条件下可能启动了防御机制以应对潜在的光损伤,在强光条件下会触发多种光保护机制;细胞组成方面,DEGs富集在细胞壁、叶绿体、光合膜和光氧化物酶体上,细胞壁和叶绿体富集到的差异基因数量较多,说明植物通过调节这些关键细胞器的功能和结构,来增强光保护机制、优化光合作用效率以及提高抗氧化能力,从而适应并减轻强光可能引起的损伤;分子功能方面,在DNA结合、抗氧化活性、信号转导活性等方面的差异表达基因数量较多,其中差异基因富集最多的是DNA结合,说明在响应环境压力时,DNA结合功能的富集可能与基因表达调控有关,这些基因在小白菜的强光胁迫响应中可能具有重要的调控作用,涉及基因表达的精细调控和多种生理过程的适应性变化。
对差异基因进行KEGG代谢途径富集分析,如图3所示,其主要参与植物激素信号转导、MAPK信号通路-植物、光合作用-天线蛋白、淀粉和蔗糖代谢等与植物响应强光和光保护相关的通路上,其次是二萜类、类黄酮等与植物响应非生物胁迫均密切相关的次生代谢物的合成途径。其中富集在植物激素信号转导途径上的基因数量最多,富集基因数量占第二位的是MAPK信号通路-植物。植物激素信号转导通路在调节植物对强光胁迫的反应中起着核心作用。强光条件下,植物体内的激素水平会发生显著变化,这些激素通过调节光合器官的生长、叶片的形态变化以及光合效率,帮助植物适应强光环境,减轻强光对植物造成的光损伤。与此同时,MAPK信号通路能够快速响应外部刺激,调节下游基因的表达,从而启动防御机制。在强光条件下,MAPK信号通路可以调节与抗氧化反应、光合作用和细胞生长相关的基因,通过调控活性氧的水平和抗氧化酶的表达,增强植物的适应能力,帮助植物抵御强光引起的氧化损伤。
绿色植物叶绿体由光系统Ⅰ(PSⅠ)和光系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)构成,强光会导致植物光系统Ⅰ(PSⅠ)和光系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)能量分配比例失衡,触发植物多种光保护机制[20]。由图4可以看出,小白菜在强光下,光合作用-天线蛋白途径中叶绿体活动相关基因捕光复合物叶绿素a/b结合蛋白基因LHCB1.3LHCB4.2、光系统II P680反应中心D1蛋白基因psbA、外亚基PSBO2、葡萄糖激酶基因GLK1的表达量均下调,由此推测,强光可能造成小白菜中部分捕光复合物数量减少,致使叶绿体的捕光能力下降。与此同时,参与叶绿素降解的NYC1CLH2以及光保护系统相关基因ELIP2的表达量上调,推测强光会对植物体内造成一定程度的光氧化损伤,通过调节这些基因帮助植物适应强光环境。强光胁迫会造成植物体内的活性氧过度积累,对光系统Ⅱ造成损伤并引起光抑制,而保护酶会清除叶绿体产生的过量活性氧(ROS),植物还会通过合成类胡萝卜素等光保护物质来保护细胞免受光损伤。抗氧化相关基因中超氧化物歧化酶基因SODCPSODCC,过氧化物酶基因PER71PER12以及过氧化氢酶相关基因CAT2CAT3的表达量均呈显著上调趋势,说明小白菜可能通过在转录水平促进相关抗氧化酶基因表达来调控抗氧化酶活性,从而提高其清除自由基的能力。类胡萝卜素合成与降解相关基因CYP97C1Z-ISOZEP在强光下的表达量显著上调,推测可能通过这些基因促进类胡萝卜素的合成,从而增强植物的光保护能力。与植物光信号传导密切相关的PIF4在强光下表达量显著下调,而HY5显著上调,说明小白菜可通过在转录水平调控相应基因的表达而适应光照强度的变化。此外,脱落酸是植物响应逆境胁迫的重要信号分子[21],随着强光照时间的延长,脱落酸受体基因PYL8的表达量呈下调趋势,其表达量的下调可能表明植物在强光条件下对脱落酸信号的响应减弱,通过下调PYL8的表达增强植物对光胁迫的耐受性。
为了验证RNA-Seq数据的准确性,随机选择了8个基因进行定量PCR验证。如图5所示,RNA-Seq数据与转录组分析结果基因的表达趋势基本一致,其中,参与叶绿素、类胡萝卜素合成与降解的相关基因CYP97C1、ZEP、NYC1、Z-ISO在强光照5 d后的相对表达量增加,光合作用相关基因LHCA6、LHCA5、LHAB1.3psbA在强光照5 d后的相对表达量降低。qRT-PCR分析结果与测序结果吻合,转录组测序结果准确。
表5可知,与正常光相比,在强光照0~5 d时,SOD和POD活性显著增加,CAT活性差异不显著,但在强光照10~15 d时显著增加。说明植物在强光初期胁迫下,通过增强SOD和POD活性,积极应对光合过程中产生的活性氧(ROS),以防止氧化损伤,而在面对长期光强胁迫时,CAT的作用逐渐显现,三者共同作用提升植物在强光下的适应能力。
本研究对小白菜在强光条件下的生理和分子响应进行了全面分析。通过对比小白菜的生长表现,发现强光处理对小白菜的生长发育具有显著影响。丁娟娟等[22]发现,随着光照的增强,不结球小白菜的生物量呈增加趋势。本研究中,强光处理下矮脚黄小白菜的干重显著增加,这与丁娟娟等的研究结果基本一致。LEI等[23]发现,在一定范围内,随着光强提高,光合产物增多,地上部生长受促进,导致根冠比降低。本研究中,强光处理5 d时,小白菜的根冠比与对照相比显著降低。吴琼[24]发现,香果树幼苗的根冠比随光照强度的增加显著增加,这与本研究中小白菜在强光处理10~15 d根冠比显著增加的结果一致。推测这可能是因为植物受强光影响前期可能将更多的资源分配到地上部分以提高光合作用能力,造成根冠比下降;一段时间后植物需要增强水分吸收以应对蒸腾加剧,根系的生长可能会被刺激,从而导致根冠比上升。研究发现,强光会造成植物叶片的叶绿素含量降低,一定程度上抑制叶绿体的发育[25]。在本研究中,强光处理导致小白菜的相对叶绿素含量显著下降,小白菜在强光处理第5~15天时,光合参数PnTrGs均显著增加,表现出更高的光合效率,这与LIU等[26]的研究结果一致,推测可能与叶绿体类囊体基粒数目增加有关。
对转录组测序结果进行GO和KEGG富集分析,差异表达基因主要富集于光合作用和抗氧化防御机制相关途径,包括光能捕获、光合电子传递链以及活性氧清除、抗氧化酶的表达调控等。强光会引起植物叶绿体中活性氧的爆发,造成细胞内氧化胁迫的产生,损伤叶绿体DNA,导致转录及翻译紊乱,造成类囊体膜结构被破坏,光系统核心蛋白被降解,严重抑制光合作用[27]。捕光复合体Ⅱ(LHCⅡ)是植物光系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)中与色素分子结合的一系列膜蛋白,由LHCB1-LHCB6六种膜蛋白组成,它们由核基因LHCB家族编码,含有保守的叶绿素a/b结合结构域[28]。强光下,拟南芥LHCB1-6呈现显著下调趋势[29],本研究中,LHCB1.3LHCB4.2在强光处理5 d后也呈现显著下调趋势。推测强光可能导致小白菜中部分捕光复合物数量减少,致使叶绿体的捕光能力下降,相关的光保护能力也同时降低。PsbA又称D1蛋白,是一种高度保守的色素结合蛋白[30],由叶绿体基因组编码,是光系统Ⅱ核心复合体的亚基之一[31],与其他类囊体膜蛋白质相比,D1蛋白更易受到光损伤[32]。D1蛋白的修复和替换是植物在强光环境下生存所依赖的重要机制[33]。本研究中,强光处理5 d后PsbA下调表达,与黄欣[34]的研究结果一致,推测强光对小白菜幼苗光系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)造成光损伤,D1蛋白降解速度大于修复速度。PSBO是光系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)中由psbBpsbC基因编码的核心天线复合物,与光系统Ⅱ的放氧活性密切相关。本研究中,PSBO2在强光处理后呈现显著下调,推测强光抑制了光系统Ⅱ的结构蛋白和放氧复合物核心蛋白的表达,同时激活了光损伤保护机制。GLKsGOLDEN 2-LIKEs)是一类植物特有的转录因子,靶向调控光合作用相关基因的表达,调控叶绿体的发育、分化并维持其机能,并参与植物逆境应答[8]GLKs是植物细胞核主导叶绿体发育的正向调控转录因子,主要转录激活2类PhANGs基因的表达,一类是编码叶绿素生物合成的一系列关键酶,另一类是编码光系统Ⅰ、光系统Ⅱ、光电子传递复合体的各类亚基[35-38]。研究表明,当质体受损或生物合成减弱时会引发大量PhANGs基因表达下降[39]。本研究中GLK1呈现下调表达,推测强光影响叶绿素生物合成和光合系统复合体亚基,对光合作用造成影响。PYL是植物激素脱落酸(abscisic,ABA)信号通路的核心组分之一,脱落酸(abscisic,ABA)是重要的植物激素,调节植物多个生长发育阶段和胁迫响应[40]。在保卫细胞中,脱落酸受体PYLPP2C磷酸酶相互作用,从而释放活跃的SnRK2激酶,激活SLAC1通道,通过减少保卫细胞的膨胀进而影响气孔关闭[41]PYL8作为ABA受体,其下调会导致SnRK2激酶活性降低,解除对PP2C磷酸酶的抑制,进而使气孔的关闭程度降低[42]。本研究中,PYL8呈下调趋势,而强光处理5 d后Gs显著升高,推测其可能通过减少气孔关闭,维持较高的Gs值。玉米黄质环化酶ZEP位于类胡萝卜素合成途径的末端,是一种双功能单加氧酶,是叶黄素循环过程中的关键酶[43]。Z-ISO(ζ-胡萝卜素异构酶)是类胡萝卜素合成的限速酶,其上调可推动ζ-胡萝卜素向链孢红素转化,加速类胡萝卜素合成[44]CYP97C1(β-胡萝卜素羟化酶)通过羟基化反应生成玉米黄质和叶黄素,增强光保护能力[45]。本研究中,参与类胡萝卜素合成的ZEPCYP97C1Z-ISO在强光处理后均呈上调趋势,推测三者协同作用促进玉米黄质积累,增强光保护和抗逆性。NYC1NON- YELLOW COLORING)基因编码的是一种类囊体膜定位的短链脱氢酶/还原酶(SDR),含有3个跨膜结构域[46]。过表达NYC1基因会促进叶绿素的降解、加速叶片衰老,并恢复拟南芥nyc1突变体滞绿的表型,同时伴随着ABA和ROS的积累,对光合作用造成抑制[47-48]。叶绿素酶(chlorophyllase,CLH)催化叶绿素的脱植基反应,生成脱植基叶绿素和植醇基。研究表明,叶绿素酶与叶绿素的降解密切相关,在南瓜叶片和烟草细胞中过表达柑橘CLH基因,将会加速叶片组织的叶绿素降解[49-50]。本研究中,NYC1CLH2均上调表达,推测二者通过叶绿素降解过程参与强光响应机制。HY5(ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL5)是bZIP转录因子家族中的一员,作为植物光形态建成过程中的核心转录因子,在强光或紫外光环境下,能够直接作用于编码具有光保护功能的光诱导蛋白2(light induced protein 2,ELIP2)的基因启动子区域,通过转录调控机制激活该基因的表达[51]。PIF4是调控叶片衰老的转录因子,它能够响应光周期、环境温度、干旱、营养可利用性以及代谢相关等非生物胁迫,通过干扰叶绿体稳态维持并诱导衰老相关基因的表达,进而促进叶片衰老[52]。张婉月[53]研究发现,PIF4和HY5能够参与光控下BR等植物生长主要激素的合成。PIF4作为连接这些激素和光敏色素信号通路的分子枢纽发挥作用[54]。本研究结果表明,强光下PIF4的表达量降低,推测在强光条件下,光敏色素激活可能会抑制PIF4的表达,以减少PIF4介导的生长信号,避免植物因过度生长而导致的生理损伤。HY5ELIP2表达量增加,推测强光会诱导HY5蛋白的积累,从而介导ELIP2响应强光的过程,共同作用增强植物对光胁迫的耐受能力。
在植物细胞中,抗氧化系统包括抗氧化剂和抗氧化酶类2部分,ROS的清除可通过抗氧化剂和抗氧化酶的协同作用共同完成,其中抗氧化分子包括类胡萝卜素、生育酚、抗坏血酸及谷胱甘肽等,抗氧化酶有SOD、POD、CAT和APX等[55]。在活性氧代谢中CAT是清除H2O2的关键酶,而CAT基因的表达受到多种因素的影响,如光照、温度、植物激素等。在烟草研究中,已经明确CAT基因的功能,其可以特异性地清除植物体内过量的H2O2[56]。在强光胁迫下,番茄幼苗[57]、葡萄[58]、小麦[59]、牡丹[60]等的抗氧化酶活性都会随光照强度的增加而升高。本研究中小白菜在强光照5 d后,与POD相关的基因(PER71PER12)、与SOD相关的基因(SODCPSODCC)、与CAT相关的基因(CAT2CAT3)均呈上调趋势,与本研究中抗氧化酶活性变化趋势基本相同,这与CHEN等[61]和刘娅惠等[62]研究结果一致,推测小白菜受到强光照时,可能通过提高抗氧化酶活性来抵抗逆境。
本研究发现强光会对小白菜的各项生理指标以及分子机理造成一定程度的影响,转录组测序发现差异表达基因广泛富集在与植物光合作用以及抗氧化酶活性相关的通路中,如HY5LHCB1.3ELIP2等14个光合作用以及光保护相关基因和PER12CAT2SODCP等6个抗氧化相关基因。在强光处理下的表达是其适应强光环境的关键机制之一,能够帮助植物调整光合作用的效率,影响活性氧的代谢,保护自身免受光胁迫的影响,一定程度上缓解强光对小白菜生长的抑制,增强其抗氧化酶活性,提高幼苗对强光的应对能力。
  • 海南省重点研发计划项目(ZDYF2022SHFZ061)
  • 海南省自然科学基金高层次人才项目(321RC1032)
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2025年第46卷第7期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.07.007
  • 接收时间:2025-01-26
  • 首发时间:2026-06-24
  • 出版时间:2025-07-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-01-26
  • 录用日期:2025-03-25
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海南省重点研发计划项目(ZDYF2022SHFZ061)
海南省自然科学基金高层次人才项目(321RC1032)
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    海南大学热带农林学院,海南海口 570228

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* 王旭(WANG Xu),E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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