Article(id=1276530122467438859, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276530095770693736, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.07.006, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1742227200000, receivedDateStr=2025-03-18, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1743264000000, acceptedDateStr=2025-03-30, onlineDate=1782278097979, onlineDateStr=2026-06-24, pubDate=1753372800000, pubDateStr=2025-07-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1782278097979, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1782278097979, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1782278097979, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1276530095770693736, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, year='2025', volume='46', issue='7', pageStart='1533', pageEnd='1784', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1753372800000', pubDateStr='2025-07-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1782278091614, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782299002258, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1276617801443971243, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276530095770693736, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1276617801448165548, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276530095770693736, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1584, endPage=1593, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1276530122773623053, articleId=1276530122467438859, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=EN, title=Sequence Analysis of Seed Shattering SNP Locus at SH4 and qSH1 Genes of Weedy Rice in Hainan, columnId=1236256430337085821, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, columnName=Omics & Biotechnology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Seed shattering is the main reason for the continuous self-reproduction and spread of weedy rice in rice fields. Genes SH4 and qSH1 are considered to be the main genes controlling rice seed shattering. The aim of this study was to determine the genotype of the seed shattering SNP locus at SH4 and qSH1 of weedy rice in Hainan. Using weedy rice from rice fields in Lingao and Yazhou District as research materials, this study collected weedy rice and corresponding cultivated rice seeds from 13 rice fields. 144 Weedy rice seeds with different phenotypes and 13 corresponding cultivated rice seeds were selected for germination and planting, and the seed shattering rates were measured. PCR amplification and sequence analysis were performed on the seed shattering SNP locus at SH4 and qSH1. The results showed that there were 77 wild type (G) weedy rice plants, 48 mutant type (T) weedy rice plants, and 19 heterozygous type (G/T) weedy rice plants with the locus at SH4 gene; Seed shattering SNP locus of SH4 gene in all cultivated rice samples were T. The determination of seed shattering rate found that 96 weedy rice samples with G and G/T genotype seed shattering SNP at SH4 gene had extremely high seed shattering rates, while among 48 weedy rice samples with T genotype seed shattering SNP locus at SH4 gene, 40 weedy rice samples had moderate seed shattering rates and 8 weedy rice samples had low seed shattering rates. Seed shattering SNP locus of qSH1 in all weedy rice and cultivated rice samples were wild-type seed shattering G genotype. The above results indicate that the difference in seed shattering rate between Hainan weedy rice and cultivated rice is not related to the seed shattering SNP locus at qSH1 gene, but significantly correlated with the seed shattering SNP locus at SH4 gene. The difference in seed shattering rate between weedy rice and cultivated rice with T genotype SNP locus at SH4 gene may be caused by differences in other unknown genes or locus. This study would provide a molecular basis for the seed shattering mechanism of weedy rice in Hainan.

, authors=null, authorsList=Qiyu XIA, Hua KONG, Lingmin ZOU, Qingjuan WU, Xiaoqi JIANG, Pingping HE, Yang CAO, Yuliang ZHANG, Hui ZHAO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yuliang ZHANG, Hui ZHAO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1276530124044497174, articleId=1276530122467438859, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=CN, title=海南杂草稻的落粒基因SH4qSH1落粒SNP位点的序列分析, columnId=1236256430517440904, journalTitle=热带作物学报, columnName=组学与生物技术, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

种子的落粒性是导致杂草稻在水稻田不断自我繁衍和扩散的主要原因。SH4qSH1基因被认为是控制水稻种子落粒的主效基因,本研究旨在测定海南杂草稻的SH4qSH1的落粒SNP位点的基因型。本研究以临高县和崖州区水稻田中的杂草稻为研究材料,采集13块水稻田中的杂草稻及其对应栽培稻种子,从中选择144株表型有差异的杂草稻种子及13株对应栽培稻种子进行萌发种植,测定它们的种子落粒率,并对SH4qSH1的落粒SNP位点进行PCR扩增及序列分析。结果表明:SH4基因的落粒SNP位点为野生落粒型G的杂草稻有77株,突变难落粒型T的杂草稻有48株,杂合型G/T的有19株;所有栽培稻的SH4的落粒SNP位点均为T。落粒率测定发现,SH4基因的落粒SNP位点为G和G/T的96株杂草稻都具有极高的落粒率,而SH4基因的落粒SNP位点为T的48株杂草稻中,40株为中度落粒率,8株为低落粒率。所有杂草稻和栽培稻样品的qSH1落粒SNP位点均为野生落粒型G。以上结果表明,海南杂草稻和栽培稻之间的落粒率差异与qSH1基因的落粒SNP位点无关,而与SH4基因的落粒SNP位点显著相关;SH4基因的落粒SNP位点均为T型的杂草稻和栽培稻间的落粒率差异可能由其他未知的基因或位点的差异导致。本研究结果可为海南杂草稻种子落粒的分子机制提供分子依据。

, authors=

夏启玉(1983—),女,硕士,副研究员,研究方向:热带及南繁作物育种。

, authorsList=夏启玉, 孔华, 邹玲敏, 吴清娟, 姜晓琦, 贺萍萍, 曹扬, 张雨良, 赵辉, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=张雨良, 赵辉, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 张雨良(ZHANG Yuliang),E-mail:
赵辉(ZHAO Hui),E-mail:
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夏启玉(1983—),女,硕士,副研究员,研究方向:热带及南繁作物育种。

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夏启玉(1983—),女,硕士,副研究员,研究方向:热带及南繁作物育种。

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Sequence analysis of qSH1 gene fragments of weedy rice from Zhanjiang of Guangdong province[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2010, 26(19): 31-33. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Sequence analysis of qSH1 gene fragments of weedy rice from Zhanjiang of Guangdong province, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1276530143778697583, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530122467438859, awardId=322MS127, language=CN, fundingSource=海南省自然科学基金面上项目(322MS127), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1276530143858389360, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530122467438859, awardId=32460527, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金地区科学基金项目(32460527), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1276530124392624408, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530122467438859, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276530124405207321, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530122467438859, companyId=1276530124392624408, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.Sanya Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, Hainan 572025, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276530124413595930, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530122467438859, companyId=1276530124392624408, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.中国热带农业科学院三亚研究院,海南三亚 572025)]), AuthorCompany(id=1276530125554446619, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530122467438859, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276530125562835228, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530122467438859, companyId=1276530125554446619, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences / Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-season Reproduction Regions, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276530125571223837, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530122467438859, companyId=1276530125554446619, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.中国热带农业科学院热带生物技术研究所/海南省南繁生物安全与分子育种重点实验室,海南海口 571101)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1276530139932520798, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530122467438859, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Sequencing peak maps of six SNP genotypes at SH4 gene, figureFileSmall=CHDGV0TgQZ4ieK2U2wi01Q==, figureFileBig=vYVuvkljf5evDVjm/Ry14Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276530140335173983, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530122467438859, language=CN, label=图1, caption=SH4基因的6种SNP基因型的测序峰图, figureFileSmall=CHDGV0TgQZ4ieK2U2wi01Q==, figureFileBig=vYVuvkljf5evDVjm/Ry14Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276530140779770208, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530122467438859, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Sequencing peak maps of six SNP genotypes at qSH1 gene, figureFileSmall=ROCithIlESFb2HbAER59/Q==, figureFileBig=TQ4PMPj1eaWFJEtq7Agsbw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276530141195006305, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530122467438859, language=CN, label=图2, caption=qSH1基因的6种SNP基因型的测序峰图, figureFileSmall=ROCithIlESFb2HbAER59/Q==, figureFileBig=TQ4PMPj1eaWFJEtq7Agsbw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276530141283086690, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530122467438859, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Weedy rice collected from Hainan, figureFileSmall=nwqCFlncZaMcQcZjAxRgZw==, figureFileBig=WQADNbyJGpDuT23aAFQscQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276530141614436707, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530122467438859, language=CN, label=图3, caption=海南杂草稻

A:高落粒率的杂草稻;B:中落粒率的杂草稻;C:低落粒率的杂草稻;D:栽培稻。

, figureFileSmall=nwqCFlncZaMcQcZjAxRgZw==, figureFileBig=WQADNbyJGpDuT23aAFQscQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276530142012895588, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530122467438859, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Primers used in this study

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基因Gene引物名称Primer name引物序列Primer sequence片段大小Fragment ize/bp
SH4SH4-F15'-ACTACCGCAAGGGGAACTGGAC-3'192
SH4-R25'-GGCAGCCGTTCTTCCAGCAGT-3'
qSH1qSH1-TK-F5'-GTAACCTTTCCTGGCACAGC-3'510
qSH1-TK-R5'-GCGGTAGCACACTAGCATGA-3'
), ArticleFig(id=1276530142088393061, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530122467438859, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

引物序列

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基因Gene引物名称Primer name引物序列Primer sequence片段大小Fragment ize/bp
SH4SH4-F15'-ACTACCGCAAGGGGAACTGGAC-3'192
SH4-R25'-GGCAGCCGTTCTTCCAGCAGT-3'
qSH1qSH1-TK-F5'-GTAACCTTTCCTGGCACAGC-3'510
qSH1-TK-R5'-GCGGTAGCACACTAGCATGA-3'
), ArticleFig(id=1276530142444908902, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530122467438859, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

SNP genotype distribution of SH4 of weedy rice in Hainan

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
群体Population杂草稻数量Number of weedy riceSH4基因的SNP基因型SNP genotypes at SH4 gene
A GA TG TA G/TA/G TA/G G/T
WR114930110
WR2101000000
WR38800000
WR49260100
WR516742300
WR69303102
WR78331001
WR812151320
WR911710201
WR10131300000
WR11141300001
WR1213118102
WR137070000
Total1447730151237
), ArticleFig(id=1276530142562349415, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530122467438859, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

海南杂草稻SH4基因的SNP基因型类型分布

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
群体Population杂草稻数量Number of weedy riceSH4基因的SNP基因型SNP genotypes at SH4 gene
A GA TG TA G/TA/G TA/G G/T
WR114930110
WR2101000000
WR38800000
WR49260100
WR516742300
WR69303102
WR78331001
WR812151320
WR911710201
WR10131300000
WR11141300001
WR1213118102
WR137070000
Total1447730151237
), ArticleFig(id=1276530142872727912, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530122467438859, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

SNP genotype distribution of qSH1 of weedy rice in Hainan

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
群体Population杂草稻数量Number of weedy riceqSH1基因的SNP基因型SNP genotypes at qSH1 gene
A GG GG TG G/TA/G GA/G G/T
WR114008501
WR2100010000
WR38008000
WR49133020
WR5161012102
WR69106002
WR78008000
WR812008301
WR911209000
WR10130012001
WR11140014000
WR12130111001
WR137007000
Total14454116928
), ArticleFig(id=1276530142960808297, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530122467438859, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

海南杂草稻qSH1基因的SNP基因型类型分布

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
群体Population杂草稻数量Number of weedy riceqSH1基因的SNP基因型SNP genotypes at qSH1 gene
A GG GG TG G/TA/G GA/G G/T
WR114008501
WR2100010000
WR38008000
WR49133020
WR5161012102
WR69106002
WR78008000
WR812008301
WR911209000
WR10130012001
WR11140014000
WR12130111001
WR137007000
Total14454116928
), ArticleFig(id=1276530143292158315, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530122467438859, language=EN, label=Tab. 4, caption=

Seed shattering rate of weedy rice in Hainan

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
群体Population杂草稻数量Number of weedy rice
高落粒率High seed shattering rate中落粒率Moderate seed shattering rate低落粒率Low seed shattering rate
WR11031
WR21000
WR3800
WR4360
WR51060
WR6630
WR7440
WR8480
WR91010
WR101300
WR111400
WR12490
WR13007
合计96408
), ArticleFig(id=1276530143376044396, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530122467438859, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

海南杂草稻种子的落粒率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
群体Population杂草稻数量Number of weedy rice
高落粒率High seed shattering rate中落粒率Moderate seed shattering rate低落粒率Low seed shattering rate
WR11031
WR21000
WR3800
WR4360
WR51060
WR6630
WR7440
WR8480
WR91010
WR101300
WR111400
WR12490
WR13007
合计96408
), ArticleFig(id=1276530143438958957, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530122467438859, language=EN, label=Tab. 5, caption=

Seed shattering rate and SNP genotypes at SH4 and qSH1 of weedy rice in Hainan

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
品种VarietySH4qSH1数量Number落粒率等级Seed shattering rate level
SNP2落粒SNP Seed shattering SNP落粒SNP Seed shattering SNPSNP2SNP3
野生稻(W1943)AGGAG
籼稻(Shuhui498)ATGAG
粳稻(日本晴)ATTAG
海南杂草稻AGGAG2
AGGGT70
ATGAG1
ATGGG4
ATGGT14
7
GTGAG1
GTGGT13
海南栽培稻ATGAG2
ATGGG2
), ArticleFig(id=1276530143522845038, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530122467438859, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

海南杂草稻种子落粒率与SH4qSH1的SNP基因型

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
品种VarietySH4qSH1数量Number落粒率等级Seed shattering rate level
SNP2落粒SNP Seed shattering SNP落粒SNP Seed shattering SNPSNP2SNP3
野生稻(W1943)AGGAG
籼稻(Shuhui498)ATGAG
粳稻(日本晴)ATTAG
海南杂草稻AGGAG2
AGGGT70
ATGAG1
ATGGG4
ATGGT14
7
GTGAG1
GTGGT13
海南栽培稻ATGAG2
ATGGG2
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海南杂草稻的落粒基因SH4qSH1落粒SNP位点的序列分析
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夏启玉 1, 2 , 孔华 1, 2 , 邹玲敏 1 , 吴清娟 1 , 姜晓琦 1, 2 , 贺萍萍 1, 2 , 曹扬 1, 2 , 张雨良 1, 2, * , 赵辉 1, 2, *
热带作物学报 | 组学与生物技术 2025,46(7): 1584-1593
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热带作物学报 |组学与生物技术 2025 , 46 (7) : 1584 -1593
海南杂草稻的落粒基因SH4qSH1落粒SNP位点的序列分析
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夏启玉1, 2, 孔华1, 2, 邹玲敏1, 吴清娟1, 姜晓琦1, 2, 贺萍萍1, 2, 曹扬1, 2, 张雨良1, 2, * , 赵辉1, 2, *
作者信息
  • 1.中国热带农业科学院三亚研究院,海南三亚 572025
  • 2.中国热带农业科学院热带生物技术研究所/海南省南繁生物安全与分子育种重点实验室,海南海口 571101
通讯作者:
* 张雨良(ZHANG Yuliang),E-mail:
赵辉(ZHAO Hui),E-mail:
Sequence Analysis of Seed Shattering SNP Locus at SH4 and qSH1 Genes of Weedy Rice in Hainan
Qiyu XIA1, 2, Hua KONG1, 2, Lingmin ZOU1, Qingjuan WU1, Xiaoqi JIANG1, 2, Pingping HE1, 2, Yang CAO1, 2, Yuliang ZHANG1, 2, * , Hui ZHAO1, 2, *
Affiliations
  • 1.Sanya Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, Hainan 572025, China
  • 2.Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences / Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-season Reproduction Regions, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China
出版时间: 2025-07-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.07.006
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种子的落粒性是导致杂草稻在水稻田不断自我繁衍和扩散的主要原因。SH4qSH1基因被认为是控制水稻种子落粒的主效基因,本研究旨在测定海南杂草稻的SH4qSH1的落粒SNP位点的基因型。本研究以临高县和崖州区水稻田中的杂草稻为研究材料,采集13块水稻田中的杂草稻及其对应栽培稻种子,从中选择144株表型有差异的杂草稻种子及13株对应栽培稻种子进行萌发种植,测定它们的种子落粒率,并对SH4qSH1的落粒SNP位点进行PCR扩增及序列分析。结果表明:SH4基因的落粒SNP位点为野生落粒型G的杂草稻有77株,突变难落粒型T的杂草稻有48株,杂合型G/T的有19株;所有栽培稻的SH4的落粒SNP位点均为T。落粒率测定发现,SH4基因的落粒SNP位点为G和G/T的96株杂草稻都具有极高的落粒率,而SH4基因的落粒SNP位点为T的48株杂草稻中,40株为中度落粒率,8株为低落粒率。所有杂草稻和栽培稻样品的qSH1落粒SNP位点均为野生落粒型G。以上结果表明,海南杂草稻和栽培稻之间的落粒率差异与qSH1基因的落粒SNP位点无关,而与SH4基因的落粒SNP位点显著相关;SH4基因的落粒SNP位点均为T型的杂草稻和栽培稻间的落粒率差异可能由其他未知的基因或位点的差异导致。本研究结果可为海南杂草稻种子落粒的分子机制提供分子依据。

杂草稻  /  SH4  /  qSH1  /  落粒SNP位点  /  序列分析

Seed shattering is the main reason for the continuous self-reproduction and spread of weedy rice in rice fields. Genes SH4 and qSH1 are considered to be the main genes controlling rice seed shattering. The aim of this study was to determine the genotype of the seed shattering SNP locus at SH4 and qSH1 of weedy rice in Hainan. Using weedy rice from rice fields in Lingao and Yazhou District as research materials, this study collected weedy rice and corresponding cultivated rice seeds from 13 rice fields. 144 Weedy rice seeds with different phenotypes and 13 corresponding cultivated rice seeds were selected for germination and planting, and the seed shattering rates were measured. PCR amplification and sequence analysis were performed on the seed shattering SNP locus at SH4 and qSH1. The results showed that there were 77 wild type (G) weedy rice plants, 48 mutant type (T) weedy rice plants, and 19 heterozygous type (G/T) weedy rice plants with the locus at SH4 gene; Seed shattering SNP locus of SH4 gene in all cultivated rice samples were T. The determination of seed shattering rate found that 96 weedy rice samples with G and G/T genotype seed shattering SNP at SH4 gene had extremely high seed shattering rates, while among 48 weedy rice samples with T genotype seed shattering SNP locus at SH4 gene, 40 weedy rice samples had moderate seed shattering rates and 8 weedy rice samples had low seed shattering rates. Seed shattering SNP locus of qSH1 in all weedy rice and cultivated rice samples were wild-type seed shattering G genotype. The above results indicate that the difference in seed shattering rate between Hainan weedy rice and cultivated rice is not related to the seed shattering SNP locus at qSH1 gene, but significantly correlated with the seed shattering SNP locus at SH4 gene. The difference in seed shattering rate between weedy rice and cultivated rice with T genotype SNP locus at SH4 gene may be caused by differences in other unknown genes or locus. This study would provide a molecular basis for the seed shattering mechanism of weedy rice in Hainan.

weedy rice  /  SH4  /  qSH1  /  seed shattering SNP locus  /  sequence analysis
夏启玉, 孔华, 邹玲敏, 吴清娟, 姜晓琦, 贺萍萍, 曹扬, 张雨良, 赵辉. 海南杂草稻的落粒基因SH4qSH1落粒SNP位点的序列分析. 热带作物学报, 2025 , 46 (7) : 1584 -1593 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.07.006
Qiyu XIA, Hua KONG, Lingmin ZOU, Qingjuan WU, Xiaoqi JIANG, Pingping HE, Yang CAO, Yuliang ZHANG, Hui ZHAO. Sequence Analysis of Seed Shattering SNP Locus at SH4 and qSH1 Genes of Weedy Rice in Hainan[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2025 , 46 (7) : 1584 -1593 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.07.006
杂草稻(Oryza sativa f. spontanea)是一类在水稻田不断自生且具有很强入侵性和环境可塑性的水稻变种或变型,具有杂草特性,早熟、易落粒、多数红米粒,是水田中仅次于稗草、千金子的第三大恶性杂草[1]。杂草稻有与野生稻一样的落粒和休眠性状,使其在稻田中持续繁衍生存并入侵栽培稻田,难以治理。杂草稻与栽培稻在外形上极难区分,它往往与栽培稻相伴而生,具有较强生物竞争性,与栽培稻竞争光、水分和营养,严重影响水稻产量和质量。
落粒性强几乎是所有杂草稻共有的特征。杂草稻的种子落粒性是杂草稻入侵和扩散的最主要原因。SH4[2]qSH1[3]是最早被鉴定的控制水稻落粒性状的基因。由于水稻不同品种的落粒性状差异较大,研究人员又陆续发现了多个与水稻落粒相关的基因(OsCPL1[4]Ossh1[5]SHAT1[6]SH5[7]OsGRF4[8]SH6[9]、OSH15[10]SNB[11]、SH11[12]RHS1[13])。
目前研究认为,SH4qSH1基因是控制水稻落粒性状的主效基因。2006年,LI等[2]利用籼稻品种和普通野生稻作为亲本得到F2群体,在水稻第4染色体发现了1个贡献率为69%的主效QTL位点SH4,该基因编码1个与Myb3同源的未知功能转录因子,其第1个外显子中存在1个单核苷酸多态性(single nucleotide polymorphysim,SNP)位点,即第237个核苷酸替换(G→T)导致了1个氨基酸替换(赖氨酸→天冬酰氨),使得离层不能正常发育,从而导致表型从落粒变为不落粒。来自野生稻的SH4等位基因是显性的。KONISHI等[3]也发现了1个对籼梗杂交F2代的落粒性贡献率极高的主效基因qSH1,能解释籼稻品种Kasalath与粳稻品种日本晴之间68.6%的表型变异。qSH1编码1个BEL1型同源盒的转录因子,其上游12 kb的5'端调节区存在一个SNP,Kasalath中为G,日本晴中为T。该SNP(G→T)引起了功能的改变,导致离层无法形成,进而导致其落粒性丧失。该SNP位点正好位于RY重复序列,RY重复序列是ABI3型转录因子的结合位点,Kasalath和日本晴在该位点上的差异可能影响了转录因子与RY重复序列的结合,造成qSH1表达部位的差异,从而影响离层的形成,引起落粒性的差异。
海南一直都有杂草稻的发生,九十年代就有在海南发现零星分布的杂草稻的报道[14],邵菁[15]在海南省不同地区采集到了11个杂草稻种群。近几年来,本课题组也在三亚的水稻研究基地发现了杂草稻的发生,因此本研究对海南全省的水稻种植区域的水稻田进行了杂草稻调查,在临高发现了一处大规模的杂草稻发生。本研究对三亚和临高采集到的杂草稻种子进行了种植收获,鉴定它们的SH4qSH1基因的落粒功能SNP位点的基因型和种子落粒率,为研究海南杂草稻的种子落粒的分子机制提供分子依据。
通过水稻植株的分蘖角度、种子的落粒性、颖壳颜色和果皮颜色等来采集杂草稻种子。杂草稻种子材料WR1~WR12为2023年采自海南省临高县临城镇临美路左右两侧的12块农户水稻田;材料WR13为2023年采自海南省三亚市崖州区的1块水稻科研田。同时采集每块稻田的栽培稻的种子,命名为CV1~CV13。
植物DNA快提试剂盒(RaPure Plant DNA Mini Kit D3187)购自广州美基生物科技有限公司;2× Super pfx Master Mix(Dye)、2× Taq Plus Master Mix(Dye)和SuperStain安全型核酸染料均购自江苏康为世纪生物科技股份有限公司;其他试剂均为国产分析纯。引物合成及PCR产物测序均由海南楠山生物技术有限公司完成。
从采集的杂草稻种子中选择一些表型不同的种子在培养皿中进行萌发,对应的栽培稻种子也进行萌发,1周后移载到花盆里并于30 ℃温室种植。其中,WR1共14株,WR2共10株,WR3共8株,WR4共9株,WR5共16株,WR6共9株,WR7共8株,WR8共12株,WR9共11株,WR10共13株,WR11共14株,WR12共13株,WR13共7株,杂草稻共144株,栽培稻CV1~CV13均只种1株,共13株。
待温室的144株杂草稻及13株栽培稻生长至约20 cm高时,剪取约8 cm的叶片,加入液氮研磨后,采用RaPure Plant DNA Mini Kit进行DNA提取,采用琼脂糖电泳检测,并用超微量紫外分光光度计测定提取样品DNA的浓度和纯度,浓度在10 ng/μL以上,且OD260/OD280值在1.7~1.9之间的样品DNA视为合格,否则重新剪取叶片提取基因组DNA。将提取的所有样品的DNA溶液放置于–20 ℃冰箱保存备用。
根据Phytozome13植物基因组数据库(https://phytozome-next.jgi.doe.gov)中水稻模式品种日本晴的SH4基因(LOC_Os04g57530)的基因组序列,在SH4基因的落粒SNP位点的上、下游200 bp范围内的基因组序列上设计多对PCR鉴定引物,经PCR扩增筛选合适的引物,对PCR产物进行2%的琼脂糖凝胶电泳,根据PCR产物的目的条带的亮度和特异性,选择PCR产物送测序公司测序。根据测序能否成功及测序的峰图质量筛选出1对较好的引物对SH4-F1和SH4-R2,并使用反向引物SH4-R2作为测序引物。qSH1(LOC_Os01g62920)基因的上游调控区的落粒SNP位点的PCR鉴定引物则参照NUNES等[16]报道的引物qSH1-TK-F和qSH1-TK-R,并使用正向引物qSH1-TK-F作为测序引物。引物序列及预期片段大小见表1
SH4基因的落粒SNP位点的PCR扩增使用2×Super pfx Master Mix(Dye),qSH1基因的落粒SNP位点的PCR扩增使用2×Taq Plus Master Mix(Dye)。SH4基因和qSH1基因的反应体系(25 μL)均为:灭菌双蒸水9.5 μL,2×Super pfx Master Mix 12.5 μL,正反向引物(10 μmol/L)各1 μL,模板DNA 1 μL。SH4基因的PCR扩增反应程序为:95 ℃预变性5 min;95 ℃ 30 s,60 ℃30 s,72 ℃ 30 s,共35个循环;72 ℃延伸7 min。qSH1基因的PCR扩增反应程序为:94 ℃预变性5 min;94 ℃ 30 s,58 ℃ 30 s,72 ℃ 45 s,共35个循环;72 ℃延伸5 min。将SH4基因和qSH1基因的PCR产物在2%的琼脂糖凝胶上进行电泳检测,扩增成功的产物送测序公司测序,扩增失败的样品重新进行PCR扩增并测序。查看测序成功的序列峰图是否清晰明确,并使用DNAMAN软件将SH4基因和qSH1基因的测序序列分别与日本晴的SH4qSH1目标序列进行比对分析。
待157株杂草稻及栽培稻成熟后,每株收集10个稻穗测量种子的落粒率,取10个穗子的落粒率的平均值。由于杂草稻的落粒性较高,无法使用拉力计测量落粒性,故采用重力法测量落粒率。落粒率的测定方法为:将杂草稻及栽培稻的穗子于2 m高处自由落下,统计脱落粒数和未脱落粒数,空壳不计数,落粒率=(即落粒数/总粒数)×100%。
将144株杂草稻和13株栽培稻的SH4落粒SNP位点的测序序列与日本晴的SH4目标序列进行比对,并查看所有测序序列峰图的落粒SNP位点是否存在双峰,若出现双峰,说明该位点为杂合型。全部样品的测序序列比对及峰图结果表明,144株杂草稻中,落粒SNP位点处为野生落粒G型的杂草稻有77株,落粒SNP位点处为突变难落粒T型的杂草稻有48株,落粒SNP位点处为落粒/难落粒G/T杂合型的有19株;所有栽培稻的SH4的落粒SNP位点均为难落粒T型。
此外,SH4基因落粒SNP位点的上游1 bp处的碱基在野生稻和栽培稻中均为A,尚未见有其他类型碱基的报道。本研究首次发现,部分落粒SNP位点为T的杂草稻中的该位点碱基由A突变为G,且存在A/G杂合型,该位点突变后SH4基因的第79个氨基酸由天冬酰胺变为丝氨酸,将该SNP位点命名为SNP2。144株海南的杂草稻中,SNP2为A型的杂草稻有119株,G型的有15株,A/G杂合型的有10株,所有栽培稻均为A型。
结合SH4基因的SNP2位点和落粒SNP位点的基因型,可以将海南144株杂草稻的SH4基因分为6种基因型:A G、A T、G T、A G/T、A/G T和A/G G/T,测序峰图见图1。其中,A G/T是A G和A T的杂合型,A/G T是A T和G T的杂合型,A/G G/T是A G和G T的杂合型。144株杂草稻中,A G型最多,有77株杂草稻,其次是A T型,A/G T型最少,只有3株杂草稻(表2)。13株栽培稻均为A T型。在SH4基因的6种基因型中,只有落粒SNP位点为T型时,SNP2位点才有突变的G型,这说明SNP2位点的突变只在落粒SNP位点为T的杂草稻中发生,表明落粒SNP2位点的突变要晚于落粒SNP位点的突变。
将144株杂草稻和13株栽培稻的qSH1落粒SNP位点的测序序列与日本晴的qSH1目标序列进行比对,并查看所有测序序列峰图的落粒SNP位点是否存在双峰,若出现双峰,说明该位点为杂合型。全部样品的测序序列比对及峰图结果表明,144株杂草稻和13株栽培稻的qSH1的落粒SNP位点均为易落粒型G,与籼稻的基因型一致,说明海南的杂草稻之间及其与对应栽培稻的落粒性差异与qSH1的SNP位点无关。
此外,海南杂草稻qSH1落粒SNP位点的测序结果发现,在qSH1的落粒SNP位点的下游147 bp和151 bp处还有2个SNP位点,将2个位点分别命名为SNP2和SNP3。SNP2在野生稻W1943和日本晴中均为A,而本研究中大部分海南杂草稻中该位点为G。144株海南杂草稻中,SNP2为A型的杂草稻只有5株,G型的有129株,A/G杂合型的有10株。13株栽培稻中有2株为A型,2株为G型,其余均为A/G杂合型。SNP3在野生稻W1943和日本晴中均为G,而本研究中大部分海南杂草稻中该位点为T。144株海南杂草稻中,SNP3为G型的杂草稻只有11株,T型的有116株,G/T杂合型的有17株,而13株栽培稻均为G型。
结合qSH1基因的SNP2位点和落粒SNP3位点的基因型,可以将海南144株杂草稻的qSH1基因分为6种基因型:A G、G G、G T、G G/T、A/G G和A/G G/T,测序峰图见图2。其中,G G/T是G G和G T的杂合型,A/G G是A G和G G的杂合型,A/G G/T是A G和G T的杂合型。144株杂草稻中,基因G T最多,有116株杂草稻,其余的基因型都较少,基因型A/G G最少,只有2株杂草稻(表3)。13株栽培稻中,有9株为A/G G杂合型,2株为G G型,2株为A G型,未见G T型。在qSH1基因的6种基因型中,只有落粒SNP2位点为G型时,SNP3位点才有突变的T型,这表明SNP3位点的突变只在落粒SNP2位点为G的杂草稻中发生,表明落粒SNP3位点的突变要晚于SNP2位点的突变。
对144株杂草稻和对应的栽培稻进行种子落粒率的测量,大部分杂草稻的种子落粒率都极高,栽培稻的种子落粒率较低。本研究中将杂草稻的种子落粒率分为3个等级:低(落粒率<30%)、中(30%≤落粒率≤75%)、高(落粒率>75%)。其中,落粒率高的有96株,落粒率中等的有40株,落粒率低的有8株,13株栽培稻都为低落粒率(图3表4)。13个杂草稻群体中,不同群体的杂草稻的种子落粒率也不同,其中,WR2、WR3、WR10和WR11全部为高落粒率的杂草稻,WR1和WR9主要为高落粒率的杂草稻,WR4-WR8和WR12中,高落粒率和中落粒率的杂草稻各占一定比例,WR13全部为低落粒率的杂草稻。
将杂草稻的种子落粒率与落粒SNP位点的基因型结合分析,发现SH4基因的落粒位点为G型的77株杂草稻和为G/T杂合型的19株杂草稻的种子落粒率都非常高(>95%);而SH4基因的落粒位点为T型的杂草稻的种子落粒率则为中等或低等,其中,40株杂草稻的种子落粒率介于30%~75%之间,8株杂草稻的种子落粒率小于30%,13株栽培稻的种子落粒率均很低,小于10%。这表明当SH4基因的落粒SNP位点为G型,且qSH1基因的落粒SNP位点也为G型时,杂草稻的种子落粒率极高,接近100%,而当SH4基因的落粒SNP位点为T型,qSH1基因的落粒SNP位点为G型时,杂草稻的种子落粒率有高有低,范围较大,但均小于75%,且对应的栽培稻也均为此基因型,但种子落粒率很低,这说明SH4基因对杂草稻的极高种子落粒率有较大的贡献,且除了SH4基因和qSH1基因以外,还存在其他基因的差异,导致杂草稻之间及杂草稻和栽培稻之间的种子落粒率的差异。
SH4基因和qSH1基因的所有SNP位点为纯合型的112株海南杂草稻中,共有7种组合类型,(表5),其中70株杂草稻的SH4基因为A G型且qSH1基因为G G T型,为主要的组合类型,均表现为高落粒率;4株栽培稻有2种组合类型,均为低落粒率。将这112株杂草稻和4株栽培稻的SH4基因和qSH1基因的所有除落粒SNP位点之外的SNP位点的基因型与其种子落粒率进行结合分析发现,当SH4基因的SNP2为A或G时,落粒率均可表现为高、中和低;当qSH1基因的SNP2为A或G时,落粒率均可表现为高、中和低;当qSH1基因的SNP3为T或G时,落粒率也均可表现为高、中和低;当qSH1基因的SNP2和SNP3分别为A G和G T时,落粒率均可表现为高、中和低;当qSH1基因的SNP2和SNP3分别为A G和G T时,落粒率也均可表现为高、中和低;由此可推测这几个落粒SNP位点之外的SNP位点均与种子落粒率的高低无关。
研究表明,利用基因编辑技术将落粒率极高的雷州杂草稻的SH4基因敲除后,杂草稻的枝梗连接处的离层缺失,种子难落粒,这说明SH4基因对杂草稻的落粒性至关重要,是杂草稻落粒的主效基因[17]。一般认为,SH4基因的第237个核苷酸由G突变为T导致了落粒性由落粒变成不落粒。然而,ISHIKAWA等[18]研究发现,单独的SH4基因的第237个核苷酸的G-T突变并不会导致野生稻离层的改变,不会导致种子落粒率的变化。因此,SH4基因的第237个核苷酸的突变是否为功能性的突变,目前还未有定论。
为了探究杂草稻的落粒机制,国内外学者对杂草稻的SH4基因的落粒SNP位点进行了基因型鉴定。THURBER等[19]发现美国杂草稻都易落粒,但其SH4的落粒SNP位点均为T型;ZHU等[20]对野生稻、杂草稻和栽培稻的SH4序列分子进化分析发现,亚洲杂草稻的SH4基因的落粒SNP位点均为T型;王军等[21]研究发现,江苏省和东北三省的33株杂草稻在SH4基因的落粒SNP位点处也均为T。以上杂草稻的SH4的落粒SNP位点均为难落粒T型,却仍有较高的落粒率,由此推测这些杂草稻的落粒性可能与SH4基因无关,或者SH4基因的落粒SNP位点的突变对落粒的降低作用不大甚至无作用。然而,对更多区域的杂草稻的研究发现,杂草稻的SH4基因落粒SNP位点还存在易落粒G型及G/T杂合型。SONG等[22]研究发现,178株马来西亚杂草稻中,104株的SH4基因的落粒SNP位点为T型,63株为G型,11株为杂合G/T型。WEDGER等[23]对泰国杂草稻的SH4基因的落粒SNP位点鉴定发现,111株杂草稻中,95株为T型,15株为G型,1株为杂合G/T型。在马来西亚和泰国等有野生稻分布的地方,SH4有野生型的G型,说明这些地方的杂草稻存在野生稻的基因渗入。这说明不同地区的杂草稻具有不同的种子落粒机制。
本课题组前期对雷州100株杂草稻的SH4基因的落粒SNP位点的基因型鉴定发现,57株杂草稻为G型,15株为杂合G/T型,28株为T型,G型和杂合G/T型的杂草稻均具有极高的种子落粒率(>95%),T型的杂草稻则为中度或低度落粒[24]。本研究对144株海南杂草稻的SH4基因的落粒SNP位点的鉴定发现,77株为G型,48株为T型,19株为G/T杂合型。其中,G型和G/T型的96株杂草稻都具有极高的种子落粒率(>95%),而48株T型杂草稻则为中度和低度落粒,这与雷州杂草稻的研究结果一致,说明SH4为易落粒G型对杂草稻极高的种子落粒率有显著的贡献,SH4基因的第237个核苷酸由G突变为T导致了杂草稻种子落粒率降低。然而,本研究与ISHIKAWA等[18]的研究结果不一致,推测有2种可能,一种是SH4基因的第237个核苷酸的突变确实导致了杂草稻种子落粒率的部分降低,但没有从落粒变成难落粒;另一种是SH4基因的第237个核苷酸的单独突变并不能改变杂草稻的落粒率,在这些T型杂草稻中还存在其他落粒基因或未知基因的突变,才导致落粒性的变化;或者2个突变同时存在才会导致落粒性的变化。
此外,本研究在海南杂草稻中首次发现了SH4基因的第236个核苷酸的1个SNP位点,该位点由野生稻中的A突变为G,该位点的突变只在T型杂草稻中发现,导致氨基酸由T型杂草稻的天冬酰胺变为丝氨酸。杂草稻的种子落粒率与该位点的基因型的关联分析发现,该位点的突变与杂草稻的种子落粒率不相关。本研究中,该位点突变的杂草稻只有15株,占全部杂草稻和栽培稻的9.55%,且该突变在杂草稻、野生稻和栽培稻中均未见报道,推测该位点为T型杂草稻中的1个较晚的突变。该位点的突变还存在杂合型,且在临高不同的水稻田块中均存在,说明杂草稻的种子可能通过收割机传播,而且杂草稻之间存在广泛的基因交流。
利用基因编辑技术将种子落粒率极高的雷州杂草稻的qSH1基因敲除后,杂草稻的枝梗连接处完全不形成离层,种子难落粒,这说明qSH1基因是杂草稻离层形成的关键基因,是控制杂草稻种子落粒的主效基因[17]。王黎明等[25]对广东雷州地区6株杂草稻材料进行了qSH1的5'端调控区的功能区片段序列分析,发现6株杂草稻的qSH1的落粒SNP位点均为易落粒G型。王军等[21]对江苏省和东北三省不同地区的33株杂草稻进行qSH1基因的落粒SNP位点的测序和比对,结果表明,33株杂草稻的qSH1的落粒SNP位点均为G型。本课题组对雷州100株杂草稻的qSH1基因的落粒SNP位点鉴定发现,所有杂草稻的qSH1均为G型[24]。本研究中,144株海南杂草稻的qSH1基因的落粒SNP位点也均为G型。以上研究表明,我国不同地区的杂草稻的qSH1基因的落粒SNP位点多为易落粒G型,与籼稻一致。然而,在qSH1基因落粒SNP位点都为G型且SH4基因的落粒SNP位点为T型的杂草稻之间,以及部分杂草稻与籼稻之间,仍存在巨大的种子落粒率的差异,这说明还存在其他落粒性相关基因的差异在影响着杂草稻和籼稻的落粒率。
本研究中,海南杂草稻的qSH1基因的落粒SNP位点下游还存在2个SNP位点:SNP2(147 bp)和SNP3(151 bp)。该位点在野生稻和栽培稻中主要为A G,突变后存在G G型和G T型。SNP2在雷州和江苏省以及东北三省的杂草稻中都有发现[21,25],而SNP3则在本课题组前期对雷州杂草稻的研究中已发现。前期研究的雷州杂草稻中的SNP2和SNP3的基因型主要为A G型,与野生稻W1943和大部分栽培稻一致,只有少量为G T型和G G型。本研究中的海南杂草稻则主要为G T型,极少量为A G型和G G型,而对应田块中的栽培稻为A G型和G G型,说明海南杂草稻qSH1基因的G T型SNP可能不是通过与栽培稻的杂交获得的,且海南杂草稻与雷州杂草稻的qSH1基因来源不同。将G G突变型的qSH1基因上游调控序列在NCBI数据库中搜索,找到多个多年生野生稻、一年生野生稻及籼稻,而将G T突变型的qSH1基因上游调控序列在NCBI数据库中搜索,只找到1个籼稻,所有落粒SNP为T型的水稻中均无这2个SNP位点,推测落粒SNP的突变最先发生,在野生稻时期就已突变,SNP2的突变也发生在野生稻中,在落粒SNP之后发生,而SNP3的突变则更晚,在SNP2为G的籼稻或杂草稻中发生。对比杂草稻的种子落粒率与对应的SNP2和SNP3基因型发现,这2个SNP位点都与杂草稻的种子落粒率的高低无关,说明这2个突变是无义突变,这与雷州杂草稻的研究结果一致。
  • 海南省自然科学基金面上项目(322MS127)
  • 国家自然科学基金地区科学基金项目(32460527)
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.07.006
  • 接收时间:2025-03-18
  • 首发时间:2026-06-24
  • 出版时间:2025-07-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-03-18
  • 录用日期:2025-03-30
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海南省自然科学基金面上项目(322MS127)
国家自然科学基金地区科学基金项目(32460527)
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    1.中国热带农业科学院三亚研究院,海南三亚 572025
    2.中国热带农业科学院热带生物技术研究所/海南省南繁生物安全与分子育种重点实验室,海南海口 571101

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* 张雨良(ZHANG Yuliang),E-mail:
赵辉(ZHAO Hui),E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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