Article(id=1276530194190037580, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276530095770693736, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.07.005, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1738598400000, receivedDateStr=2025-02-04, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1741449600000, acceptedDateStr=2025-03-09, onlineDate=1782278115078, onlineDateStr=2026-06-24, pubDate=1753372800000, pubDateStr=2025-07-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1782278115078, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1782278115078, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1782278115078, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1276530095770693736, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, year='2025', volume='46', issue='7', pageStart='1533', pageEnd='1784', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1753372800000', pubDateStr='2025-07-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1782278091614, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782299002258, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1276617801443971243, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276530095770693736, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1276617801448165548, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276530095770693736, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1571, endPage=1583, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1276530197960716878, articleId=1276530194190037580, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=EN, title=Identification and Target Gene Prediction of miRNA Responding to the Infection of Meloidogyne enterolobii in Local Resistant Xiaomila Pepper of Hainan, China, columnId=1236256430337085821, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, columnName=Omics & Biotechnology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Meloidogyne enterolobii is a pathogen causing significant damages to pepper production. Utilization of resistant cultivars is the most economical and environmentally friendly method to control this disease. A deeper understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of resistance to root-knot nematodes could facilitate the breeding process of disease-resistant cultivars. In previous studies, analysis of transcriptomic data of Hainan local M. enterolobii-resistant pepper germplasm CF25 before and after inoculation were carried out to explore metabolic pathways closely related to nematode resistance. In order to further explore the regulatory mechanisms of resistance, sRNA libraries of CF25 before and after inoculation with M. enterolobii were sequenced to identify a total of 133 differentially expressed miRNAs. Based on the criteria of P≤0.05 and |log2(FC)|≥3, 33 significantly differentially expressed miRNAs were identified, including 19 known miRNAs and 14 newly discovered miRNAs. Target gene prediction for the 33 miRNAs yielded a total of 373 target genes, with miR5658-z having the highest number of predicted target genes. GO and KEGG analyses showed that the target genes were mainly enriched in pathways related to plant-pathogen interactions and signal transduction. It is speculated that miRNA-mediated signal transduction and plant defense responses might be important reasons for the resistance of CF25 to M. enterolobii. To preliminarily verify the regulatory relationships between differentially expressed miRNA and the target genes, six differentially expressed miRNA and the target genes were selected for qRT-PCR validation. The results showed that the differential expression trends of miRNA and target genes were consistent with the high-throughput sequencing results and generally conformed to the negative regulation pattern between miRNA and the target genes. The results of this study suggest that miRNA may play significant roles in the defense response to root-knot nematodes and lay the foundation for furtherly elucidating the mechanisms of miRNA-mediated nematode resistance in pepper.

, authors=null, authorsList=Chang GAO, Zhiyuan ZHANG, Ziji LIU, Meihong CHEN, Jie ZHU, Zhenmu CAO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Jie ZHU, Zhenmu CAO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1276530201706230372, articleId=1276530194190037580, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=CN, title=海南本地抗病小米辣响应象耳豆根结线虫侵染的miRNA鉴定及其靶基因预测, columnId=1236256430517440904, journalTitle=热带作物学报, columnName=组学与生物技术, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

象耳豆根结线虫(Meloidogyne enterolobii)是一种对辣椒生产危害较大的病原物,使用抗病品种是防治该病害最为经济、环保的手段。深入理解根结线虫抗性调控机理将有利于加速抗病育种进程。本课题组前期研究中对海南本地抗病小米辣种质CF25进行了接种前后的转录组数据分析,挖掘了与根结线虫抗性相关的代谢通路。为进一步探索抗性表达调控机理,本研究对CF25接种前后sRNA文库进行了高通量测序,共检测到133个差异表达miRNAs。以P≤0.05和|log2(FC)|≥3为筛选标准,鉴定出33个显著差异表达的miRNAs,其中包括19个已知miRNAs和14个新发现miRNAs。对33个显著差异表达的miRNAs进行靶基因预测,共得到373个靶基因,其中miR5658-z预测靶基因数量最多。GO功能和KEGG代谢通路富集分析显示靶基因主要富集于植物-病原菌互作、信号转导等通路,推测miRNA介导的信号转导及植物防御反应可能是CF25抗象耳豆根结线虫的重要原因。为初步验证差异表达miRNA和靶基因间的调控关系,选取6个差异表达miRNAs及其靶基因进行qRT-PCR表达验证,得出miRNA与靶基因的表达差异趋势与高通量测序结果一致,基本符合miRNA负向调控靶基因表达的规律。以上研究结果表明miRNA可能在辣椒对根结线虫的防御反应中起到了重要作用,为后续深入解析miRNA介导的根结线虫抗性机理奠定基础。

, authors=

高畅(1999—),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:蔬菜遗传育种。

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* 朱婕(ZHU Jie),E-mail:
曹振木(CAO Zhenmu),E-mail:
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高畅(1999—),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:蔬菜遗传育种。

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高畅(1999—),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:蔬菜遗传育种。

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A:不同类别sRNA丰度;B:sRNA比对基因组情况。

, figureFileSmall=W/z6mrDSRFpxHWDy7rT8PA==, figureFileBig=VR2/OnjCYPlOzplQM6GxxQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276530212909216419, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530194190037580, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Analysis of miRNA lengths, figureFileSmall=5q0+Qy1JFf7VVZXMS1eCsg==, figureFileBig=VIpY+p6DrOTo4CGIt/xbeA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276530213018268324, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530194190037580, language=CN, label=图3, caption=miRNA长度分析, figureFileSmall=5q0+Qy1JFf7VVZXMS1eCsg==, figureFileBig=VIpY+p6DrOTo4CGIt/xbeA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276530213332841125, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530194190037580, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Analysis of bias of miRNA bases, figureFileSmall=m+vrplpWfmZvtnB/SSj9ZA==, figureFileBig=L5eGMXJCbpggk6Deg57D4g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276530214884733607, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530194190037580, language=CN, label=图4, caption=miRNA碱基偏好性分析

A:miRNA各位点碱基偏好性分析;B:miRNA首位碱基分布情况。

, figureFileSmall=m+vrplpWfmZvtnB/SSj9ZA==, figureFileBig=L5eGMXJCbpggk6Deg57D4g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276530214956036776, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530194190037580, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Correlation analysis of miRNA, figureFileSmall=pzGyexTXoRt+ioYrxHNn1A==, figureFileBig=ywGc8y9ON7DaV0e98+rdFw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276530215044117161, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530194190037580, language=CN, label=图5, caption=miRNA相关性分析

A:PCA主成分分析;B:相关性热图。

, figureFileSmall=pzGyexTXoRt+ioYrxHNn1A==, figureFileBig=ywGc8y9ON7DaV0e98+rdFw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276530215128003242, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530194190037580, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=Differential expression analysis of miRNA, figureFileSmall=w53sP5P0qyvP2u4l8YHiDQ==, figureFileBig=NEPYDFwbIWwX6K1YkIYZPQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276530215203500715, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530194190037580, language=CN, label=图6, caption=差异表达miRNA分析

A:差异表达miRNA分析热图;B:差异表达miRNA散点图;C:已知miRNA差异表达分析;D:新发现miRNA差异表达分析。A和B中红色表示上调,蓝色表示下调。

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Primer sequences for qRT-PCR tests

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miRNA上游引物(5′–3′)Forward primer (5′–3′)下游引物(5′–3′)Reverse primer (5′–3′)
U6GATTTGTGCGTGTCATCCTTGGGGACATCCGATAAAATTGG
ActinGCTGGACGTGACCTAACTGGCAGTTTCAAGCTCCTGCTC
miR1448-zTCTTTCCAACTCCTCCCATACCCGCGTCTTTCCAACTCCTCC
miR8028-xTGGTACAATTGTGAAGAACGCGCGTGGTACAATTGT
miR5658-zAGGCGATGATGATGATGATGAAGCGAGGCGATGATGATGAT
miR5185-yGGAGGTTGGCTTAGAAGCCGCGGGAGGTTGGCTT
novel-m0253-5pTGTAATAAGATTTTGGAAAGCCGCGCGTGTAATAAGATTTTG
novel-m0128-3pTGAGCCGTGCCAATATCATTTGCGTGAGCCGTGCCAATA
RPS2CCAGCGGCTATTCCAACAGAACGAACCACGTCATGCATCT
ATAS3TGCTAACGCGGCTTCTTCTTAATGGAGGTTGGTGGTAGCG
ADKCGGCCATGATCCGCCTATTCCAACACCAGGACAACCCAA
FLS2GTTCATTGCGACCTCAAGCCAATGTCTCGGTGTGTGCCAT
CCD7GGATGATCACGGGTCCACAGTTCCACTTTCCAGTCAGCGG
), ArticleFig(id=1276530215878783669, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530194190037580, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

qRT-PCR引物序列信息

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miRNA上游引物(5′–3′)Forward primer (5′–3′)下游引物(5′–3′)Reverse primer (5′–3′)
U6GATTTGTGCGTGTCATCCTTGGGGACATCCGATAAAATTGG
ActinGCTGGACGTGACCTAACTGGCAGTTTCAAGCTCCTGCTC
miR1448-zTCTTTCCAACTCCTCCCATACCCGCGTCTTTCCAACTCCTCC
miR8028-xTGGTACAATTGTGAAGAACGCGCGTGGTACAATTGT
miR5658-zAGGCGATGATGATGATGATGAAGCGAGGCGATGATGATGAT
miR5185-yGGAGGTTGGCTTAGAAGCCGCGGGAGGTTGGCTT
novel-m0253-5pTGTAATAAGATTTTGGAAAGCCGCGCGTGTAATAAGATTTTG
novel-m0128-3pTGAGCCGTGCCAATATCATTTGCGTGAGCCGTGCCAATA
RPS2CCAGCGGCTATTCCAACAGAACGAACCACGTCATGCATCT
ATAS3TGCTAACGCGGCTTCTTCTTAATGGAGGTTGGTGGTAGCG
ADKCGGCCATGATCCGCCTATTCCAACACCAGGACAACCCAA
FLS2GTTCATTGCGACCTCAAGCCAATGTCTCGGTGTGTGCCAT
CCD7GGATGATCACGGGTCCACAGTTCCACTTTCCAGTCAGCGG
), ArticleFig(id=1276530215966864054, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530194190037580, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Target gene annotation of significantly differential expressed miRNAs

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miRNA靶基因数量Number of target genes靶基因Target gene
miR827-x2At4g38062,RAD50
miR827-y6PCMP-H60,RLP1,FBPban1,CBSDUF1,IF2CP
miR5530-z1At2g40450
miR10518-z10BXL7,ALMT9,GL1-5,GSTT1,FLA1,AMT1-2
miR6023-z27HCR9-0,CF-9,9DC3,RPS2
miR399-y7PHT1-7,IST1,INVA,NUC
miR5261-z23At3g12390,RCA,MIK2,PCMP-E80,PSI2,At3g12390,BOR2,PAP17,ASIL2,METE,RPN6,PEX1,GSO1,ARF4,CUV,RPL24,PATROL1,GCS1,ITPK3,ERF003,CRK26,IGHMBP2
miR399-z10PHT1-7,Tm-2(2),R1A-10,R1B-16,At5g14430,R1B-12
miR5185-y38At1g63430,TKT2,CCC1,WNK2,NEK5,FTIP3,At5g46580,PTST2,ABCC3,XTH28,BOU,APRR1,TUBA,CARB,CYP94C1,VPS13C,At5g46580,IQD1,At3g55350,AGL65,DYNLL2,BOU,At1g11620,At3g02320,CS2,NLP5,GGT1,ACA2,At5g56420,BOU,RPS6A,CTF7,FTIP3,NAC056
miR5658-z83BAP2,At2g47680,HMA1,GLOX,pds5a-b,DGK7,MYB306,COV1,SAUR32,OVA7,TOR1,CHUP1,PGMP,GDU3,MYC2,At1g33170,VQ4,KIN7D,GLOX1,FTSH4,SINAT3,ankrd13c-b,DAT,LTPG1,SPAPB24D3.06c,HVT1,rnf12-a,MYB60,dsk1,RL3,SBT1.8,ABR1,FLZ15,BRM,CPRF2,FHA1,OXA1,OFUT19,CLPR3,NAC017,MYB20,ZHD4,BRM,DOF3.1,AIL6,LPA1,YAB5,ZAT5,KUA1,AP2-1,ADK,ML2,MTERF1,CLE13,ASAT3,KAN1,PLT2,At2g25737,SRS1,C/VIF2,Ipo5,SYP61,UPL4
miR1448-z28murG,PHR1,RPS2,ROQ1,RPP13L4,At4g27190,ARSA1,At4g19060,UNI,ENT3
miR8028-x37RPS2,SBT4.14,FLS,PARP1,HCS2,Os02g0677700,PRL1-IFG,At5g22620,R1C-3,TAF12B,At4g27190,CDR1,MIZ1,LYK5,LYK4,ALA1,R1A-10,HAT3,CURL3,ABCB29,PPD5,At4g27520,At3g47110,MSL2,ICP55,ACA2,RLP44,UGNT1,FLOT6
miR477-x6NUG2,AAE2,RFC3,RAM1,RPL19A
miR477-y2CYC,BAT1
miR169-y5At1g77840,SOV,SWEET7B,URH2,DOF3.7
miR7712-y3WSD1,ABP19A
miR395-y8BCHC2,ST3,SULTR2;2,APS3,APS1,SULTR2;1
novel-m0242-5p4ROG1,IAMT1,ELF3,At2g30270
novel-m0617-3p17RPM1,ccbl,SNL6,Mo25,APY1,FBL12,At1g12460,R1A-10,BHLH95,At5g05130,PDIL2-1,ADH1
novel-m0667-5p1PVS1
novel-m0307-5p3eif2b1,RBK2
novel-m0253-5p13XA21,FLS2,tmem87a
novel-m0238-5p33Os05g0155601,ART3,ART2
novel-m0128-3p5SCL15,NSP2,SCL6,SCL6,CCD7
novel-m0610-3p1APY1
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差异表达miRNAs靶基因

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miRNA靶基因数量Number of target genes靶基因Target gene
miR827-x2At4g38062,RAD50
miR827-y6PCMP-H60,RLP1,FBPban1,CBSDUF1,IF2CP
miR5530-z1At2g40450
miR10518-z10BXL7,ALMT9,GL1-5,GSTT1,FLA1,AMT1-2
miR6023-z27HCR9-0,CF-9,9DC3,RPS2
miR399-y7PHT1-7,IST1,INVA,NUC
miR5261-z23At3g12390,RCA,MIK2,PCMP-E80,PSI2,At3g12390,BOR2,PAP17,ASIL2,METE,RPN6,PEX1,GSO1,ARF4,CUV,RPL24,PATROL1,GCS1,ITPK3,ERF003,CRK26,IGHMBP2
miR399-z10PHT1-7,Tm-2(2),R1A-10,R1B-16,At5g14430,R1B-12
miR5185-y38At1g63430,TKT2,CCC1,WNK2,NEK5,FTIP3,At5g46580,PTST2,ABCC3,XTH28,BOU,APRR1,TUBA,CARB,CYP94C1,VPS13C,At5g46580,IQD1,At3g55350,AGL65,DYNLL2,BOU,At1g11620,At3g02320,CS2,NLP5,GGT1,ACA2,At5g56420,BOU,RPS6A,CTF7,FTIP3,NAC056
miR5658-z83BAP2,At2g47680,HMA1,GLOX,pds5a-b,DGK7,MYB306,COV1,SAUR32,OVA7,TOR1,CHUP1,PGMP,GDU3,MYC2,At1g33170,VQ4,KIN7D,GLOX1,FTSH4,SINAT3,ankrd13c-b,DAT,LTPG1,SPAPB24D3.06c,HVT1,rnf12-a,MYB60,dsk1,RL3,SBT1.8,ABR1,FLZ15,BRM,CPRF2,FHA1,OXA1,OFUT19,CLPR3,NAC017,MYB20,ZHD4,BRM,DOF3.1,AIL6,LPA1,YAB5,ZAT5,KUA1,AP2-1,ADK,ML2,MTERF1,CLE13,ASAT3,KAN1,PLT2,At2g25737,SRS1,C/VIF2,Ipo5,SYP61,UPL4
miR1448-z28murG,PHR1,RPS2,ROQ1,RPP13L4,At4g27190,ARSA1,At4g19060,UNI,ENT3
miR8028-x37RPS2,SBT4.14,FLS,PARP1,HCS2,Os02g0677700,PRL1-IFG,At5g22620,R1C-3,TAF12B,At4g27190,CDR1,MIZ1,LYK5,LYK4,ALA1,R1A-10,HAT3,CURL3,ABCB29,PPD5,At4g27520,At3g47110,MSL2,ICP55,ACA2,RLP44,UGNT1,FLOT6
miR477-x6NUG2,AAE2,RFC3,RAM1,RPL19A
miR477-y2CYC,BAT1
miR169-y5At1g77840,SOV,SWEET7B,URH2,DOF3.7
miR7712-y3WSD1,ABP19A
miR395-y8BCHC2,ST3,SULTR2;2,APS3,APS1,SULTR2;1
novel-m0242-5p4ROG1,IAMT1,ELF3,At2g30270
novel-m0617-3p17RPM1,ccbl,SNL6,Mo25,APY1,FBL12,At1g12460,R1A-10,BHLH95,At5g05130,PDIL2-1,ADH1
novel-m0667-5p1PVS1
novel-m0307-5p3eif2b1,RBK2
novel-m0253-5p13XA21,FLS2,tmem87a
novel-m0238-5p33Os05g0155601,ART3,ART2
novel-m0128-3p5SCL15,NSP2,SCL6,SCL6,CCD7
novel-m0610-3p1APY1
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海南本地抗病小米辣响应象耳豆根结线虫侵染的miRNA鉴定及其靶基因预测
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高畅 1 , 张志远 2 , 刘子记 3 , 陈梅红 4 , 朱婕 1, * , 曹振木 3, *
热带作物学报 | 组学与生物技术 2025,46(7): 1571-1583
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热带作物学报 |组学与生物技术 2025 , 46 (7) : 1571 -1583
海南本地抗病小米辣响应象耳豆根结线虫侵染的miRNA鉴定及其靶基因预测
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高畅1, 张志远2, 刘子记3, 陈梅红4, 朱婕1, * , 曹振木3, *
作者信息
  • 1.海南大学热带农林学院(农业农村学院,乡村振兴学院)/海南省热带园艺作物品质调控重点实验室,海南海口 570228
  • 2.浙江大学海南研究院,海南三亚 572025
  • 3.中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所,海南海口 571101
  • 4.海南缤纷园艺有限公司,海南海口 571133
通讯作者:
* 朱婕(ZHU Jie),E-mail:
曹振木(CAO Zhenmu),E-mail:
Identification and Target Gene Prediction of miRNA Responding to the Infection of Meloidogyne enterolobii in Local Resistant Xiaomila Pepper of Hainan, China
Chang GAO1, Zhiyuan ZHANG2, Ziji LIU3, Meihong CHEN4, Jie ZHU1, * , Zhenmu CAO3, *
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry (School of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / School of Rural Revitalization), Hainan University / Hainan Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
  • 2.Hainan Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya, Hainan 572025, China
  • 3.Institute of Tropical Crops Genetic Resources, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China
  • 4.Hainan Binfen Horticulture Co., Ltd., Haikou, Hainan 571133, China
出版时间: 2025-07-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.07.005
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象耳豆根结线虫(Meloidogyne enterolobii)是一种对辣椒生产危害较大的病原物,使用抗病品种是防治该病害最为经济、环保的手段。深入理解根结线虫抗性调控机理将有利于加速抗病育种进程。本课题组前期研究中对海南本地抗病小米辣种质CF25进行了接种前后的转录组数据分析,挖掘了与根结线虫抗性相关的代谢通路。为进一步探索抗性表达调控机理,本研究对CF25接种前后sRNA文库进行了高通量测序,共检测到133个差异表达miRNAs。以P≤0.05和|log2(FC)|≥3为筛选标准,鉴定出33个显著差异表达的miRNAs,其中包括19个已知miRNAs和14个新发现miRNAs。对33个显著差异表达的miRNAs进行靶基因预测,共得到373个靶基因,其中miR5658-z预测靶基因数量最多。GO功能和KEGG代谢通路富集分析显示靶基因主要富集于植物-病原菌互作、信号转导等通路,推测miRNA介导的信号转导及植物防御反应可能是CF25抗象耳豆根结线虫的重要原因。为初步验证差异表达miRNA和靶基因间的调控关系,选取6个差异表达miRNAs及其靶基因进行qRT-PCR表达验证,得出miRNA与靶基因的表达差异趋势与高通量测序结果一致,基本符合miRNA负向调控靶基因表达的规律。以上研究结果表明miRNA可能在辣椒对根结线虫的防御反应中起到了重要作用,为后续深入解析miRNA介导的根结线虫抗性机理奠定基础。

灌木辣椒  /  抗象耳豆根结线虫  /  sRNA测序  /  miRNA  /  靶基因

Meloidogyne enterolobii is a pathogen causing significant damages to pepper production. Utilization of resistant cultivars is the most economical and environmentally friendly method to control this disease. A deeper understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of resistance to root-knot nematodes could facilitate the breeding process of disease-resistant cultivars. In previous studies, analysis of transcriptomic data of Hainan local M. enterolobii-resistant pepper germplasm CF25 before and after inoculation were carried out to explore metabolic pathways closely related to nematode resistance. In order to further explore the regulatory mechanisms of resistance, sRNA libraries of CF25 before and after inoculation with M. enterolobii were sequenced to identify a total of 133 differentially expressed miRNAs. Based on the criteria of P≤0.05 and |log2(FC)|≥3, 33 significantly differentially expressed miRNAs were identified, including 19 known miRNAs and 14 newly discovered miRNAs. Target gene prediction for the 33 miRNAs yielded a total of 373 target genes, with miR5658-z having the highest number of predicted target genes. GO and KEGG analyses showed that the target genes were mainly enriched in pathways related to plant-pathogen interactions and signal transduction. It is speculated that miRNA-mediated signal transduction and plant defense responses might be important reasons for the resistance of CF25 to M. enterolobii. To preliminarily verify the regulatory relationships between differentially expressed miRNA and the target genes, six differentially expressed miRNA and the target genes were selected for qRT-PCR validation. The results showed that the differential expression trends of miRNA and target genes were consistent with the high-throughput sequencing results and generally conformed to the negative regulation pattern between miRNA and the target genes. The results of this study suggest that miRNA may play significant roles in the defense response to root-knot nematodes and lay the foundation for furtherly elucidating the mechanisms of miRNA-mediated nematode resistance in pepper.

Capsicum frutescens  /  Meloidogyne enterolobii resistance  /  sRNA sequencing  /  miRNA  /  target gene
高畅, 张志远, 刘子记, 陈梅红, 朱婕, 曹振木. 海南本地抗病小米辣响应象耳豆根结线虫侵染的miRNA鉴定及其靶基因预测. 热带作物学报, 2025 , 46 (7) : 1571 -1583 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.07.005
Chang GAO, Zhiyuan ZHANG, Ziji LIU, Meihong CHEN, Jie ZHU, Zhenmu CAO. Identification and Target Gene Prediction of miRNA Responding to the Infection of Meloidogyne enterolobii in Local Resistant Xiaomila Pepper of Hainan, China[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2025 , 46 (7) : 1571 -1583 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.07.005
辣椒(Capsicum spp.)是茄科(Solanaceae)辣椒属(Capsicum)一年生或多年生草本植物,距今已经有6000多年的栽培历史[1]。辣椒种植方法简单、产值高,果实富含辣椒素、类胡萝卜素和类黄酮等营养成分,不仅能满足人们对调味的需求,还在医药、军事、农业方面都有一定应用价值[2]。由于全球气候改变和农业文明现代化等多种因素的影响,辣椒面临多种病虫害的威胁。其中根结线虫(Meloidogyne spp.)被认为是一类重要的辣椒土传病害,可导致其产量和品质严重下降[3]
根结线虫是一类透明无脊椎植物病原物,能侵染植物根部使其形成膨大根结,从而破坏根系对水分和养分的吸收,影响植物的生长发育,甚至导致植物提早死亡。根结线虫种类繁多,其中象耳豆根结线虫(Meloidogyne enterolobii)广泛分布于热带、亚热带地区,对辣椒的致病性和侵染能力较强,且已经克服NMe1Me3/Me7等辣椒抗根结线虫基因[4-5],在辣椒生产上造成的经济损失日益严重[6],因此需要深入研究辣椒抗病机理,发掘新的抗病基因,为抗病育种工作提供理论依据和基因资源。
microRNA(miRNA)是一类具有调控功能的内源性非编码小分子RNA,其长度为21~24 nt。miRNA可以通过碱基互补配对识别相关靶基因mRNA,进而降解该mRNA或者抑制其翻译,达到负调控基因表达的效果[7]。miRNA广泛参与各植物生物学过程,在防御应答以及寄主-病原物互作中均起到重要作用。有研究发现马铃薯遭大丽轮枝菌(Verlicillium dahliae)侵染后,miR482下调表达,负向调控NBS-LRR基因上调表达,从而提高其抗病性[8]。水稻感染稻瘟病菌(Magnaporthe oryzae)后,miR398b下调表达,从而调控超氧化物歧化酶基因上调表达,加强了对稻瘟病的抗性[9]。由miR397靶向的漆酶基因CA07g11100在辣椒疫霉菌(Phytophthora capsici)侵染的前期上调,而后转为下调,推测该基因可能参与辣椒与疫霉菌的互作[10]。由此可见,miRNA可以通过调节靶基因的表达来影响植物对病原物的抗性[11]。然而,目前有关辣椒抗根结线虫miRNA-靶基因的研究工作相对较少,从miRNA层面探究根结线虫与辣椒互作的分子机制将加深人们对作物抗根结线虫机理的认识,为后续抗病育种工作提供较为新颖的切入点。
小米辣原产于云南、海南等地区的野生、半野生灌木辣椒(Capsicum frutescens)。其植株粗大近似锄柄,根系发达,结果期长,产量较高[12]。在长期自然选择的压力下,小米辣逐步演化出了耐高温潮湿、抗病、耐瘠薄和耐弱光的特性[13],对许多生物及非生物胁迫都具有良好的抗性,能生长在极其恶劣的环境条件下[14-18]。为了改良我国现有辣椒栽培种,挖掘小米辣在抗病育种中的潜力,本课题组前期从21份海南本地小米辣资源中筛选出7份象耳豆根结线虫高抗种质。通过酸性品红染色和石蜡切片等组织病理学方法,发现高抗种质CF25对象耳豆根结线虫的抗性主要体现在抗侵入和限制取食两方面。通过对CF25和感病对照CF29进行接种前后的防御酶测定,得出CF25在接种后多数时间点的PAL和POD活性显著高于感病对照,推测较高的PAL和POD活性可能导致包括木质素在内的更多苯丙烷类次生代谢产物的积累。本课题组前期发现接种第24小时,抗、感材料中线虫数量分别为(0.67±0.94)条和(0.33±0.47)条,不存在显著差异(P=0.68)。然而,当接种第4天时,CF25单株根系中仅发现(0.67±0.94)条线虫,而感病对照CF29中约存在(11±3.27)条线虫,数量差异达到了显著水平(P=0.01)。不仅如此,通过观察接种第1、2、3、4天的线虫形态,发现接种第4天线虫略有加粗,推测已开始建立取食点。为兼顾对阻止侵入和抑制取食分子机理的研究,本课题组对高抗材料CF25和感病对照CF29进行接种前后(第0天,第4天)的转录组测序分析,得出抗、感材料接种前后差异基因主要富集于苯丙烷生物合成、植物-病原体互作等代谢通路[19-20]。然而,如何从这些代谢通路中筛选出与抗性紧密关联的基因是一个亟待解决的问题,且相关基因的表达调控机理尚未得到解析。为此,本研究以高抗象耳豆根结线虫种质CF25为研究对象,构建接种前后(接种第0天和第4天)sRNA文库,利用Illumina二代测序技术开展miRNA测序,筛选差异表达miRNA并进行靶基因的预测和初步验证,为进一步研究辣椒中miRNA介导的根结线虫抗性机制提供重要依据。
选取海南本地收集的象耳豆根结线虫抗性小米辣资源CF25为试验对象。将种子在55 ℃温水中浸泡15 min,28 ℃恒温催芽。种子露白后播种到用灭菌土填充的21孔穴盘中,每穴播种1粒种子。待辣椒苗长出6片真叶,对每株种苗接种1000条象耳豆根结线虫二龄幼虫,在接种第0天(R0,对照)和第4天(R4)分别选取大小均一的种苗各3株,将根系洗净,迅速用滤纸吸干水分,投入液氮速冻,送至广州基迪奥生物科技有限公司进行sRNA文库构建和高通量测序。
用Trizol法从样本中提取总RNA,聚丙烯酰胺凝胶(PAGE)电泳切胶选择18~30 nt范围的条带,回收sRNA。根据sRNA的结构特点,分别连接3′和5′接头,对sRNA进行反转录和PCR扩增,最后使用PAGE胶回收并纯化条带,完成文库构建。构建好的文库使用Agilent2100以及ABI StepOnePlus Real-Time PCR System(Life Technologies)进行质量和产量的检测,合格后上机测序。
对测序原始数据(raw data)进行清洗,去除不带有3'接头的、测序效果不好的、不含插入片段或插入片段长度小于18 nt的、70%以上碱基为poly A的低质量序列,得到用于后续分析的纯净序列(clean reads)。将纯净序列与中国辣椒(Capsicum chinense)参考基因组数据(http://peppergenome.snu.ac.kr/download.php)进行比对,得出比对基因组情况。将测序数据与miRBase中数据进行比对分析得出已知miRNA情况。利用miREvo和mirdeep2软件预测样品中的novel miRNA。
对所有miRNA用TPM进行归一化处理,以P≤0.05和|log2(FC)|≥3为标准进行显著差异表达miRNA的筛选工作。
使用Patmatch_v 1.2软件进行miRNA和靶基因的互补配对分析,再通过程序筛选预测得到最终结果,同时对miRNA靶基因进行GO分析和KEGG富集分析。将差异表达蛋白向GO数据库(http://www.geneontology.org/)的各term映射,并计算每个term的蛋白数,从而得到具有某个GO功能的蛋白列表及蛋白数目。GO功能分析:应用超几何检验,找出与整个背景蛋白相比,在差异表达蛋白中显著富集的GO条目,将计算得到的P值通过校正之后,以corrected-P≤0.05为阈值,满足此条件的GO term定义为在差异表达蛋白中显著富集的GO term。KEGG富集分析:应用超几何检验,找出与背景蛋白相比,在差异表达蛋白中显著性富集的Pathway,然后经过多重检验校正后,选择Q ≤0.05的Pathway定义为在差异表达蛋白中显著富集的Pathway。
选取6个显著差异miRNA及其靶基因进行qRT-PCR验证,引物序列如表1所示。qRT-PCR反应体系为PCR Master Mix 10 μL,上/下游引物(10 µmol/L)各0.4 μL,ddH2O 8.6 μL,cDNA模板1 μL。扩增条件为:95 ℃ 3 min;95 ℃ 5 s,60 ℃ 30 s,45个循环。内参为U6和Actin。采用2–ΔΔCt法计算目的基因的相对表达量。使用Microsoft Excel 2016软件对相对表达量数据进行统计和作图。
分别构建抗病小米辣种质CF25接种象耳豆根结线虫第0天(Mi-R0-1、Mi-R0-2、Mi-R0-3)和第4天(Mi-R4-1、Mi-R4-2、Mi-R4-3)的sRNA文库,进行高通量测序。由图1可知,分别从Mi-R0和Mi-R4中获得39 810 053和34 003 912条原始序列。去污处理后分别得到33 851 394和29 645 658条纯净序列,分别占序列总数的85%和87%。所有样品的sRNA总丰度为63 497 052条,其中包括rRNA 10 351 257条(16.3%)、SnRNA 277 536条(0.44%)、snoRNA 87 954条(0.14%)、tRNA 499 442条(0.79%)、exon sense 6 709 635条(10.57%)、已知miRNAs 9 149 130条(14.41%)、新发现miRNAs 384 833条(0.61%)、genome others 19 396 665条(30.55%)、未注释序列16 640 600条(26.21%)(图2A)。将用于后续分析的clean reads和中国辣椒(Capsicum chinense)参考基因组数据进行比对,结果如图2B所示。总比对率为73.6%,Mi-R0的平均比对率为78.12%,Mi-R4的平均比对率为66.41%,6个文库的比对率均达到65%以上。综上,本研究测得的sRNA序列质量较好,适合开展后续miRNA研究工作。
对sRNA测序数据进行鉴定,共检测到1023个miRNAs,其中包括已知miRNAs 362个和新发现的miRNAs 661个。对这些miRNA进行长度分析,发现其长度主要集中在20~24 nt之间,其中21 nt和24 nt的miRNAs数量最多,分别为233个和502个(图3),符合植物miRNA的长度特点。对miRNA的碱基偏好性进行分析,发现在第1、3、14、15、18、19、24位点更偏好于尿嘧啶(U),均达到了50%以上;在第2、4、8、9、13、16、20、21、22、23位点更偏好于胞嘧啶(C),均达到51%以上;在第5、6、11、12位点更偏好于鸟嘌呤(G),均达到65%以上;在第7、10、17位点更偏好于腺嘌呤(A),均达到66%以上(图4A)。miRNA的首位碱基偏好是尿嘧啶(U),在长度18~22 nt的miRNA中占有比例均超过80%。在24 nt长度的miRNA中5′端首位碱基腺嘌呤(A)含量较高,占比为60.60%,其次为尿嘧啶(U),占比为2.50%,最后是鸟嘌呤(G),占比为36.86%(图4B)。
为检测处理组(Mi-R4)和对照组(Mi-R0)之间以及组内生物学重复间变异度大小,对miRNA测序数据进行主成分(PCA)分析,得到6个主成分。如图5A所示,主成分PC1和PC2能解释miRNA转录组数据55%的差异。处理组和对照组样本表现出明显的分离趋势,且距离较远,说明处理组和对照组miRNA的差异比较大。而组内各生物学重复间的miRNA数据表现出一定的聚集性,说明组内样品间重复性相对较好。采用Pearson相关性系数对6个样本的相关性进行分析,相关系数越接近1,代表样本之间相关性越高。结果显示,组内生物学重复间的相关性均为1,说明组内样本均一度较高。而组间样本的相关性处于0.98~0.99之间,表明存在一定差异(图5B)。综上所述,处理组和对照组miRNA相对差异较大,而组内差异较小,可进行后续差异表达miRNA的鉴定工作。
图6A所示,处理组与对照组间鉴定出133个差异表达miRNAs,其中上调表达的为60个,下调表达的为73个。由此可见,处理组下调表达miRNA比上调表达miRNA数量更多。以P≤0.05和|log2(FC)|≥3为筛选标准,鉴定出33个显著差异表达的miRNAs,其中包括19个已知miRNAs和14个新发现miRNAs(图6B)。表达差异显著的19个已知miRNAs中,miR827-x、miR827-y、miR5530-z、miR8010-z、miR10518-z、miR6023-z、miR399-y、miR5261-z、miR399-x、miR399-z、miR5185-y等11个miRNAs为上调表达,而miR5658-z、miR1448-z、miR8028-x、miR477-x、miR169-y、miR7712-y、miR477-y、miR395等8个miRNAs则表现出下调表达趋势(图6C)。而在新发现的14个显著差异表达miRNAs中,上调表达的miRNAs有5个,分别为novel-m0242-5p、novel-m0617-3p、novel-m0667-5p、novel-m0307-5p和novel-m0253-5p;显著下调表达的miRNAs有9个,分别为novel-m0465-5p、novel-m0280-5p、novel-m0548-5p、novel-m0279-3p、novel-m0238-5p、novel-m0128-3p、novel-m0610-3p、novel-m0395-5p和novel-m0033-3p(图6D)。
对133个差异表达miRNAs进行靶基因预测,得到1781个靶基因,其数量大约是差异表达miRNA数量的13倍。对33个显著差异表达的miRNAs进行靶基因预测,得到373个靶基因,其中在19个已知miRNAs中预测到296个靶基因。miR5658-z预测靶基因数量最多,为83个。其次是miR5185-y,预测到38个靶基因。miR8028-x预测到37个靶基因,排名第三。而miR5530-z仅预测到了个靶基因。miR8010-z和miR399-x没有预测到靶基因。新发现的14个miRNAs中共预测到77个靶基因。novel-m0238-5p预测的靶基因最多,为33个。其次为novel-m0617-3p,预测到17个靶基因。novel-m0253-5p预测到13个靶基因,排名第三。而novel-m0667-5p和novel-m0610-3p分别只预测到1个靶基因(表2)。novel-m0465-3p、novel-m0280-5p、novel-m0548-5p、novel-m0279-3p、novel-m0395-5p、novel-m0033-3p这6个新发现miRNAs没有预测到靶基因(表2)。
进一步对差异显著miRNA的靶基因进行GO富集和KEGG代谢通路分析。将靶基因的GO注释按照生物学过程(biological process,BP)、细胞组分(cell component,CC)和分子功能(molecular function,MF)分为3类,并将这3类的条目按照注释到的差异基因数目由大到小进行排序和绘图。BP中富集的条目最多,主要集中于细胞过程和代谢过程;其次为MF,主要集中于结合和催化活性;富集条目最少的为CC,主要集中于细胞解剖实体和蛋白质复合物等(图7)。富集条目最多的类目依次为结合、细胞过程、代谢过程和催化活性。
对差异显著miRNA的靶基因进行KEGG通路富集分析,发现多个代谢通路产生了较大差异。其中,靶基因主要富集于植物-病原体互作途径(plant-pathogen interaction),其次为MAPK植物信号转导途径(MAPK signaling pathway-plant)、嘌呤代谢(purine metabolism)和单环类抗生素生物合成(monobactam biosynthesis)等通路(图8)。富集于植物-病原体互作的靶基因最多,达到了27个。靶基因数量占第二位是MAPK植物信号转导途径,富集了11个靶基因。对靶基因富集的KEGG通路进行分类,可以得到不同分类层级的通路。这33个显著差异表达miRNAs通过68个靶基因在58条生命途径中起作用,其中环境适应(environmental adaptation)和信号转导(signal transduction)这2条生命途径中富集的靶基因最多(图9)。由此可见,显著差异miRNA的靶基因主要富集于植物防御反应和信号转导等KEGG通路或层级,推测CF25抗象耳豆根结线虫的分子机理可能主要基于miRNA介导的植物防御反应及其信号转导相关基因的表达调控。
为验证差异表达miRNA及其靶基因间的调控关系,利用qRT-PCR对6个差异表达miRNAs(miR1448-z、miR8028-x、miR5658-z、novel-m0128-3p、miR5185-y、novel-m0253-5p)及其对应靶基因(CC.CCv1.2.scaffold436.45CC.CCv1.2.scaffold876.5CC.CCv1.2.scaffold703.8CC. CCv1.2.scaffold785.9CC.CCv1.2.scaffold19.56)进行表达验证。如图10所示,与对照组相比,miR1448-z、miR8028-x、miR5658-z、novel-m0128-3p在接种象耳豆根结线虫后呈现下调表达趋势,其靶基因CC.CCv1.2.scaffold436.45RPS2)、CC. CCv1.2.scaffold876.5ATAS3)、CC.CCv1.2.scaffold 703.8CCD7)呈现上调表达趋势,符合miRNA负调控靶基因的特点。而miR5185-y、novel-m0253-5p则是呈现上调表达趋势,其靶基因CC. CCv1.2.scaffold785.9ADK)、CC.CCv1.2. scaffold19.56FLS2)呈现下调表达趋势。由此可见,所选择的6个miRNAs以及5个靶基因的qRT-PCR表达验证结果与基于RNA-seq的基因表达量分析结果基本一致,说明测序结果准确可靠,且这6个miRNAs可能与相关靶基因存在一定的调控关系。
本研究通过高通量测序对抗病小米辣种质CF25接种象耳豆根结线虫前后的miRNA表达差异进行了探索,筛选出33个表达差异显著的miRNAs。其中一些miRNA可能与抗病性有一定联系。miR5658在接种象耳豆根结线虫4 d后呈现显著下调表达趋势。而miR5658在黄瓜绿斑驳花叶病毒(Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus,CGMMV)侵染黄瓜1dpi时也出现了下调表达[21]。在毛果杨中miR1448被认为是与抗病相关的miRNA[22],在本研究中miR1448呈现下调表达趋势。miR395可通过调节硫酸盐代谢来提高水稻对病原体的免疫能力[23],在本研究中miR395呈现下调表达趋势。miR399在抗性品种四季橘(Citrus microcarpa)感染柑橘溃疡病菌(Xanthomonas citri subsp.citri)5 d时,表达量显著增加。在柑橘中过表达miR399可使溃疡病病斑面积显著减小,病情指数显著降低,这表明miR399与柑橘的抗溃疡病密切相关[24],在本研究中miR399在抗性辣椒种质CF25接种根结线虫4 d时也呈现上调表达。过表达miR827可以提高烟草对辣椒脉斑驳病毒(ChiVMV)感染的抵抗力[25],本研究中miR827呈现上调表达。还有一些本研究中差异显著的miRNA在非生物胁迫研究中有所报道,如miR169能响应干旱、低温、高盐和高温[26]。miR 10518-z、miR5261-z、miR5530-z、miR7712-y、miR8010-z和新发现的novel-m0242-5p、novel-m0617-3p虽未见相关功能的研究报道,但是在小米辣被象耳豆根结线虫侵染后出现特异性表达,|log2(FC)|值分别高达7.73、7.64、8.00、8.71、7.75、9.56、8.19,猜测它们在辣椒抗根结线虫这一过程中可能发挥了重要的作用,值得进一步开展研究。
为了探究miRNA在辣椒抗象耳豆根结线虫过程中的机制和作用,本研究对其靶基因进行了预测和功能分析。miR5658是33个显著差异表达miRNA中注释靶基因最多的miRNA。其靶向的可能与抗病性有关的基因为MYB20MYB60MYB306等。MYB家族是植物中最大的转录因子家族之一,其成员通过N端保守的MYB结构域与下游基因启动子区的特异性位点相结合,进而调控这些基因的转录[27-29],在植物的生长发育、激素信号传递以及逆境胁迫响应中发挥关键作用[30-31]。在溃疡病病菌侵染时,MYB20在抗性品种四季橘(Citrus microcarpa)中表现出显著的差异表达,感病后其表达量上调了3倍,参与了柑橘对溃疡病的抗性调控[32]。此外,MYB20是木质素生物合成途径的调节因子,在次生细胞壁形成过程中调控木质素的生物合成[33]。木质素作为植物细胞壁的关键成分之一,能够在植物抵御病原物入侵的过程中起到屏障作用[34]MYB60MYB306虽然在植物抗病方面未见报道,但在非生物胁迫中报道较多,如MYB60参与了细胞中活性氧的平衡调节过程,并以此影响气孔开闭,响应木薯[35]和海岛棉[36]的干旱胁迫。而MYB306在燕子花中对低温胁迫产生了较大的响应[37]。新预测的14个显著差异表达的miRNA中,novel-m0238-5p是预测靶基因最多的miRNA,可靶向ART2基因。ART2是一种C2H2型锌指转录因子,能在水稻中通过调控细胞壁相关蛋白Os01g0827300上调表达来增强细胞壁的木质化,从而提高植物铝耐受性[38]。miRNA可通过靶向抗病基因,让植物产生抗病反应。本研究预测的靶基因主要富集于植物-病原菌互作、信号转导等通路。而相关的靶基因主要为FLS2、RPM1、RPS2等。
基于前期转录组测序数据,得出CF25接种第0天和第4天的显著差异表达基因主要富集于代谢途径、次生代谢物的生物合成等途径[20]。结合本研究miRNA差异表达数据进行联合分析,初步鉴定出19个显著差异表达miRNA。依据基因功能,可将这些miRNA关联的转录组靶基因大体分为五大类。第一类为代谢相关基因,包括与色素次生代谢相关的PKS1、氮代谢相关的GGT1、嘌呤代谢相关的ADK、色氨酸代谢相关的ASAT3和脂质代谢相关的AAE2等;第二类为生物合成相关基因,包括淀粉生物合成酶APS1、海藻糖合成酶TPS11和独角金内酯合成酶CCD7等。第三类为生长发育相关基因,如花发育相关基因AGL27、生物钟调节基因LHY和DNA复制相关基因RFC3等;第四类为与应激响应相关的基因,如SBT4.14SIN2等;第五类为植物抗病基因,如TGA1RPP13FLS2RPS2等。由此可见,FLS2RPS2可能是CF25在miRNA调控下防御象耳豆根结线虫的重要基因。novel-m0128-5p在接种后表达量降低了1.37倍,其潜在靶基因是FLS2。鞭毛感知蛋白FLS2(flagellin sensing 2)是属于XII家族的富亮氨酸重复受体样激酶,FLS2可通过识别鞭毛蛋白表位flg22,对病菌入侵做出迅速反应[39]。FLS2是植物免疫系统的重要组成蛋白[40],植物体内缺失FLS2蛋白会导致植物对病菌的免疫性下降[41]FLS2是蒜芥茄(Solanum sisymbriifolium Lam.)响应黄萎病(eggplant verticillium wilt)胁迫的重要基因[42],也是中华猕猴桃抗溃疡病(Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae,Psa)的候选抗病基因[43]。在本研究中,基于前期转录组数据可以看出,抗病小米辣CF25在接种象耳豆根结线虫第4天后,FLS2上调表达,推测novel-m0128-5p通过负调控靶基因FLS2增强了CF25的免疫系统,从而提高其抗病能力。目前抗病R蛋白大多数属于NBS-LRR类[44],NB-ARC属于NBS-LRR类蛋白中的一个分支,可以通过结合ADP或ATP来参与植物抗病蛋白的构象变化,进而激活植物免疫响应与病原菌识别[45]RPS2是典型的NB-ARC类抗病基因,在拟南芥抗丁香假单胞菌(Pseudomonas syringae)中发挥重要作用[46],此外,RPS2在水稻中过表达后,对真菌病原体稻瘟病菌和细菌病原体水稻白叶枯病菌产生正响应[47]。在本研究中,RPS2关联到了miR6023-z、miR1448和miR8028三个miRNAs,是关联miRNA数量最多的靶基因。其中,miR1448与其靶基因RPS2[48]都被认为与抗病有关,在本研究中,miR1448可能通过下调表达从而引起RPS2上调表达发挥抗病作用。
综上所述,本研究通过分析抗象耳豆根结线虫小米辣资源CF25在接种前后的sRNA测序数据,得出miRNA可能调控了植物抗病及信号转导方面的基因表达变化,并由此介导了CF25抗病反应的发生。本研究获得了较多差异表达miRNA,但它们具体如何通过调节靶基因在根结线虫和寄主的互作中发挥抗性作用,需要进一步通过试验来验证。还可在此基础上深入挖掘在辣椒与根结线虫互作机制中发挥重要调节作用的miRNA,为后续辅助抗病育种工作奠定基础。
本研究对抗性小米辣材料CF25接种象耳豆根结线虫前后的sRNA数据进行分析,鉴定出33个表达差异显著的miRNA。其中包括一些已知与作物抗病性相关的miRNA,如miR5658、miR1448、miR395、miR399和miR827等。对这33个表达差异显著的miRNA进行靶基因预测,得到373个靶基因。经GO功能和KEGG代谢通路富集分析,得出靶基因主要富集于植物-病原体互作以及信号转导等代谢途径。推测miRNA可能通过调控靶基因参与这些代谢通路发挥抗病功能。本研究为深入了解辣椒中miRNA介导的根结线虫抗性机制提供有益的参考数据。
  • 海南省自然科学基金项目(323RC412)
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2025年第46卷第7期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.07.005
  • 接收时间:2025-02-04
  • 首发时间:2026-06-24
  • 出版时间:2025-07-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-02-04
  • 录用日期:2025-03-09
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海南省自然科学基金项目(323RC412)
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    1.海南大学热带农林学院(农业农村学院,乡村振兴学院)/海南省热带园艺作物品质调控重点实验室,海南海口 570228
    2.浙江大学海南研究院,海南三亚 572025
    3.中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所,海南海口 571101
    4.海南缤纷园艺有限公司,海南海口 571133

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* 朱婕(ZHU Jie),E-mail:
曹振木(CAO Zhenmu),E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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