Article(id=1276530149680087636, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276529901037548535, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.06.023, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1736092800000, receivedDateStr=2025-01-06, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1739289600000, acceptedDateStr=2025-02-12, onlineDate=1782278104467, onlineDateStr=2026-06-24, pubDate=1750780800000, pubDateStr=2025-06-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1782278104467, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1782278104467, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1782278104467, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1276529901037548535, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, year='2025', volume='46', issue='6', pageStart='1279', pageEnd='1532', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1750780800000', pubDateStr='2025-06-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1782278045186, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782298980105, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1276617708544328532, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276529901037548535, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1276617708544328533, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276529901037548535, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1514, endPage=1521, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1276530150099518038, articleId=1276530149680087636, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=EN, title=A Rapid Visual Detection Method for Red Fire Ants Based on RPA Technology, columnId=1236292524264968282, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, columnName=Plant Protection & Bio-safety, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Red fire ant, Solenopsis invicta, a serious invasive pest native to South America, has been widely distributed in China, posing significant threats to agriculture, natural ecosystems, and public health. Effective entry-exit quarantine measures are essential to prevent the invasion and spread of S. invicta, which requires rapid and accurate identification of the pest. Existing detection methods, including morphological identification, DNA barcoding, immunoassay, and loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) have limitations in simplicity, detection speed and sensitivity. Recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) is an isothermal amplification technique characterized by its simplicity, high sensitivity, and efficient amplification. To enable rapid and accurate on-site detection of S. invicta, this study developed a visual detection method based on RPA technology. Mitochondrial genome sequences of S. invicta and closely related or morphologically similar species were analyzed using data from the NCBI database. The mitochondrial NADH2 dehydrogenase gene was selected as the target for amplification, and specific RPA primers were designed. Experimental results confirmed that the primers demonstrated high specificity for S. invicta. Sensitivity testing using agarose gel electrophoresis revealed that the RPA reaction could detect as low as 1.0×10-4 ng/μL, which is 103 times more sensitive than conventional PCR. A visual detection method was further developed by incorporating nucleic acid dyes into the reaction, achieving a sensitivity of approximately 1.0×10-1 ng/μL. Additionally, a rapid DNA extraction method was explored. This method involved grinding ant samples in sterile water followed by heating at 100 ℃ in a water bath for one minute, which successfully yielding crude DNA. The developed method enables gene amplification of S. invicta at 37 ℃, with detection results assessed via fluorescence reactions, completing the entire process within 30 minutes. This approach provides a convenient, rapid, accurate, and reliable technical method for detecting S. invicta, offering valuable technical support for its quarantine, prevention and control.

, authors=null, authorsList=Lei QIN, Xufeng ZHANG, Hongchao YUAN, Jixing GUO, Xiang ZHOU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Xiang ZHOU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1276530152020509290, articleId=1276530149680087636, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=CN, title=基于RPA技术的红火蚁快速可视化检测方法, columnId=1236292524520820846, journalTitle=热带作物学报, columnName=植物保护与生物安全, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

红火蚁(Solenopsis invicta)是一种原产于南美洲的严重入侵害虫,目前已在我国广泛分布,对农业、自然生态系统及公共卫生造成严重威胁。出入境检疫作为防止红火蚁入侵和扩散的关键环节,需要在短时间内对检疫对象进行准确鉴定。现有红火蚁鉴定方法包括形态学鉴定、DNA条形码、免疫检测及环介导等温扩增等技术,这些技术均存在一定局限性,在简便性、检测时间和灵敏度等方面难以满足快速检测的要求。重组聚合酶扩增技术(recombinase polymerase amplification,RPA)是一种具有反应条件简单、灵敏度高及扩增效率高的等温扩增技术。为实现红火蚁快速、准确的现场检测,本研究基于RPA技术,建立了一种红火蚁可视化快速检测方法。通过分析NCBI数据库中红火蚁及其近缘种、形近种的线粒体基因组序列,比对后选取线粒体NADH2脱氢酶基因作为扩增目标,并设计了RPA特异性引物。结果表明:设计引物对红火蚁具有高度特异性;琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测的RPA反应灵敏度达到1.0×10-4 ng/μL,为PCR反应灵敏度的1.0×103倍。同时通过检测添加核酸染料后的荧光反应开发了可视化检测技术,可视化荧光检测的灵敏度约为1.0×10-1 ng/μL。最后本研究探索了DNA样品的快速提取方法,采用无菌超纯水研磨蚂蚁样品,并在100 ℃水浴加热1 min条件下成功粗提DNA,取代传统DNA提取过程。本方法可在37 ℃下完成对红火蚁基因的扩增,并通过荧光反应判断检测结果,30 min内完成对红火蚁的快速检测,为红火蚁的检疫和防控提供了方便、快速、准确、可靠的技术支持。

, authors=

秦磊(1999—),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:农业昆虫与害虫防治。

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* 周祥(ZHOU Xiang),E-mail:
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秦磊(1999—),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:农业昆虫与害虫防治。

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秦磊(1999—),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:农业昆虫与害虫防治。

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Journal of Economic Entomology, 2023, 116(3): 993-1001., articleTitle=Probe-based quantitative PCR and RPA-Cas12a molecular diagnostics for detection of the tomato pest Phthorimaea absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276530170093765322, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530149680087636, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=24, issue=1, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=29, authorNames=SHASHANK P R, PARKER B M, RANANAWARE S R, PLOTKIN D, COUCH C, YANG L G, NGUYEN L T, PRASANNAKUMAR N R, BRASWELL W E, JAIN P K, KAWAHARA A Y, journalName=Molecular Ecology Resources, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SHASHANK P R, PARKER B M, RANANAWARE S R, PLOTKIN D, COUCH C, YANG L G, NGUYEN L T, PRASANNAKUMAR N R, BRASWELL W E, JAIN P K, KAWAHARA A Y. CRISPR-based diagnostics detects invasive insect pests[J]. 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New and rapid visual detection assay for Hyphantria cunea Drury based on recombinase polymerase amplification and CRISPR/Cas12a[J]. Journal of Environmental Entomology, 2024, 46(5): 1051-1058. (in Chinese), articleTitle=New and rapid visual detection assay for Hyphantria cunea Drury based on recombinase polymerase amplification and CRISPR/Cas12a, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1276530166297920171, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530149680087636, awardId=B21HJ0905, language=CN, fundingSource=崖州湾种子实验室揭榜挂帅项目(B21HJ0905), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1276530152507048556, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530149680087636, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276530152519631469, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530149680087636, companyId=1276530152507048556, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University / Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), Danzhou, Hainan 571700, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276530152536408686, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530149680087636, companyId=1276530152507048556, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=海南大学热带农林学院/热带农林生物灾害绿色防控教育部重点实验室,海南儋州 571700)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1276530162103616151, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530149680087636, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Results of electrophoresis of PCR products from COI universal primers, figureFileSmall=8d3qIJS6uDQ4wQMAX/u0rg==, figureFileBig=HvE0wGX1DE9ojP/xXH7JMQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276530162489492120, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530149680087636, language=CN, label=图1, caption=COI通用引物PCR产物电泳结果

M:DL2000 DNA marker;1:红火蚁;2:热带火蚁;3:法老小家蚁;4:广大头蚁;5:细纹毛切叶蚁;6:迈氏毛切叶蚁。

, figureFileSmall=8d3qIJS6uDQ4wQMAX/u0rg==, figureFileBig=HvE0wGX1DE9ojP/xXH7JMQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276530162904728217, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530149680087636, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Primer-specific PCR validation, figureFileSmall=53aW+uifmypIPJVom1o49g==, figureFileBig=l73hVs81/YYFZgayrrN2eQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276530162984419994, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530149680087636, language=CN, label=图2, caption=引物特异性PCR验证

M:DL 500 DNA marker;1:红火蚁;2:热带火蚁;3:法老小家蚁;4:广大头蚁;5:细纹毛切叶蚁;6:迈氏毛切叶蚁。

, figureFileSmall=53aW+uifmypIPJVom1o49g==, figureFileBig=l73hVs81/YYFZgayrrN2eQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276530163311575707, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530149680087636, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Primer specificity RPA validation, figureFileSmall=uWpXNqb/WD2h9cEIkWqtRw==, figureFileBig=49SAj3VVtVkcjPCucCUnhA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276530163378684572, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530149680087636, language=CN, label=图3, caption=引物特异性RPA验证

M:DL 500 DNA marker;1:红火蚁;2:热带火蚁;3:法老小家蚁;4:广大头蚁;5:细纹毛切叶蚁;6:迈氏毛切叶蚁。

, figureFileSmall=uWpXNqb/WD2h9cEIkWqtRw==, figureFileBig=49SAj3VVtVkcjPCucCUnhA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276530163454182045, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530149680087636, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Reaction endpoint visualization results, figureFileSmall=VnImiDhc2b48apXumAjZ+w==, figureFileBig=6Sgzfu4suVDcQOXnr5NUkA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276530163731006110, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530149680087636, language=CN, label=图4, caption=反应终点可视化检测结果

1:红火蚁;2:热带火蚁;3:法老小家蚁;4:广大头蚁;5:细纹毛切叶蚁;6:迈氏毛切叶蚁。

, figureFileSmall=VnImiDhc2b48apXumAjZ+w==, figureFileBig=6Sgzfu4suVDcQOXnr5NUkA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276530163798114975, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530149680087636, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=PCR reaction sensitivity, figureFileSmall=FM86ab7AjL6AA9YPRXwOew==, figureFileBig=vvpOatr/ruZOadfjKPuuDw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276530165475836576, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530149680087636, language=CN, label=图5, caption=PCR反应灵敏度检测

M:DL500 DNA marker;1~5表示核酸浓度,1:1.0×102 ng/µL;2:1.0×101 ng/µL;3:1.0 ng/µL;4:1.0×10-1 ng/µL;5:1.0×10-2 ng/µL。

, figureFileSmall=FM86ab7AjL6AA9YPRXwOew==, figureFileBig=vvpOatr/ruZOadfjKPuuDw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276530165563916961, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530149680087636, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=RPA response sensitivity, figureFileSmall=UE0RO7dpoNbtUOH70NEing==, figureFileBig=zcAI92GMcEMfFkCT1qbt2g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276530165651997346, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530149680087636, language=CN, label=图6, caption=RPA反应灵敏度

M:DL500 DNA marker;1~8表示核酸浓度,1:1.0×102 ng/µL;2:1.0×101 ng/µL;3:1 ng/µL;4:1.0×10-1 ng/µL;5:1.0×10-2 ng/µL;6:1.0×10-3 ng/µL;7:1.0×10-4 ng/µL;8:1.0×10-5 ng/µL。

, figureFileSmall=UE0RO7dpoNbtUOH70NEing==, figureFileBig=zcAI92GMcEMfFkCT1qbt2g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276530165735883427, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530149680087636, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=Fluorescence reaction sensitivity, figureFileSmall=iM9795GEtibs+mD3mox5tg==, figureFileBig=9mbnPvmVy9I7ydUBF8lH6Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276530165811380900, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530149680087636, language=CN, label=图7, caption=荧光反应灵敏度

1~6表示核酸浓度,1:1.0×102 ng/µL;2:1.0×101 ng/µL;3:1.0 ng/µL;4:1.0×10-1 ng/µL;5:1.0×10-2 ng/µL;6:1.0×10-3 ng/µL。

, figureFileSmall=iM9795GEtibs+mD3mox5tg==, figureFileBig=9mbnPvmVy9I7ydUBF8lH6Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276530165882684069, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530149680087636, language=EN, label=Fig. 8, caption=Results of rapid DNA extraction, figureFileSmall=6VLza9tnx2fVfwwk4wBLeQ==, figureFileBig=3Z410ILB0MJl+aqXQ+RFlw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276530165945598630, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530149680087636, language=CN, label=图8, caption=DNA快速提取结果

M:DL500 DNA marker;1:红火蚁;2:热带火蚁;3:法老小家蚁;4:广大头蚁;5:细纹毛切叶蚁;6:迈氏毛切叶蚁。

, figureFileSmall=6VLza9tnx2fVfwwk4wBLeQ==, figureFileBig=3Z410ILB0MJl+aqXQ+RFlw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276530166025290407, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530149680087636, language=EN, label=Fig. 9, caption=On-site testing effect, figureFileSmall=1NWQAgDSHVjBZ25+nPt+sw==, figureFileBig=OSugDEl9BbQ3NaTl9xknHA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276530166088204968, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530149680087636, language=CN, label=图9, caption=现场检测效果

1:红火蚁;2:热带火蚁;3:法老小家蚁;4:广大头蚁;5:细纹毛切叶蚁;6:迈氏毛切叶蚁。

, figureFileSmall=1NWQAgDSHVjBZ25+nPt+sw==, figureFileBig=OSugDEl9BbQ3NaTl9xknHA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276530166151119529, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530149680087636, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Primers used in this study

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
引物名称Primer name引物序列(5′-3′)Primer sequence (5′-3′)
LCO1490GGTCAACAAATCATAAAGATATTGG
HCO2198TAAACTTCAGGGTGACCAAAAAATCA
ND2FCATAATAATAAAATTAGGTATCCCCCCATT
ND2RGGGGAGGATAGAGCATAGAAAGATAATAGA
), ArticleFig(id=1276530166209839786, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530149680087636, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

本试验所用引物

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
引物名称Primer name引物序列(5′-3′)Primer sequence (5′-3′)
LCO1490GGTCAACAAATCATAAAGATATTGG
HCO2198TAAACTTCAGGGTGACCAAAAAATCA
ND2FCATAATAATAAAATTAGGTATCCCCCCATT
ND2RGGGGAGGATAGAGCATAGAAAGATAATAGA
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基于RPA技术的红火蚁快速可视化检测方法
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秦磊 , 张绪风 , 袁鸿超 , 郭技星 , 周祥 *
热带作物学报 | 植物保护与生物安全 2025,46(6): 1514-1521
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热带作物学报 |植物保护与生物安全 2025 , 46 (6) : 1514 -1521
基于RPA技术的红火蚁快速可视化检测方法
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秦磊, 张绪风, 袁鸿超, 郭技星, 周祥*
作者信息
  • 海南大学热带农林学院/热带农林生物灾害绿色防控教育部重点实验室,海南儋州 571700
通讯作者:
* 周祥(ZHOU Xiang),E-mail:
A Rapid Visual Detection Method for Red Fire Ants Based on RPA Technology
Lei QIN, Xufeng ZHANG, Hongchao YUAN, Jixing GUO, Xiang ZHOU*
Affiliations
  • School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University / Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), Danzhou, Hainan 571700, China
出版时间: 2025-06-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.06.023
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红火蚁(Solenopsis invicta)是一种原产于南美洲的严重入侵害虫,目前已在我国广泛分布,对农业、自然生态系统及公共卫生造成严重威胁。出入境检疫作为防止红火蚁入侵和扩散的关键环节,需要在短时间内对检疫对象进行准确鉴定。现有红火蚁鉴定方法包括形态学鉴定、DNA条形码、免疫检测及环介导等温扩增等技术,这些技术均存在一定局限性,在简便性、检测时间和灵敏度等方面难以满足快速检测的要求。重组聚合酶扩增技术(recombinase polymerase amplification,RPA)是一种具有反应条件简单、灵敏度高及扩增效率高的等温扩增技术。为实现红火蚁快速、准确的现场检测,本研究基于RPA技术,建立了一种红火蚁可视化快速检测方法。通过分析NCBI数据库中红火蚁及其近缘种、形近种的线粒体基因组序列,比对后选取线粒体NADH2脱氢酶基因作为扩增目标,并设计了RPA特异性引物。结果表明:设计引物对红火蚁具有高度特异性;琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测的RPA反应灵敏度达到1.0×10-4 ng/μL,为PCR反应灵敏度的1.0×103倍。同时通过检测添加核酸染料后的荧光反应开发了可视化检测技术,可视化荧光检测的灵敏度约为1.0×10-1 ng/μL。最后本研究探索了DNA样品的快速提取方法,采用无菌超纯水研磨蚂蚁样品,并在100 ℃水浴加热1 min条件下成功粗提DNA,取代传统DNA提取过程。本方法可在37 ℃下完成对红火蚁基因的扩增,并通过荧光反应判断检测结果,30 min内完成对红火蚁的快速检测,为红火蚁的检疫和防控提供了方便、快速、准确、可靠的技术支持。

红火蚁  /  重组聚合酶扩增  /  可视化  /  快速检测  /  灵敏度

Red fire ant, Solenopsis invicta, a serious invasive pest native to South America, has been widely distributed in China, posing significant threats to agriculture, natural ecosystems, and public health. Effective entry-exit quarantine measures are essential to prevent the invasion and spread of S. invicta, which requires rapid and accurate identification of the pest. Existing detection methods, including morphological identification, DNA barcoding, immunoassay, and loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) have limitations in simplicity, detection speed and sensitivity. Recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) is an isothermal amplification technique characterized by its simplicity, high sensitivity, and efficient amplification. To enable rapid and accurate on-site detection of S. invicta, this study developed a visual detection method based on RPA technology. Mitochondrial genome sequences of S. invicta and closely related or morphologically similar species were analyzed using data from the NCBI database. The mitochondrial NADH2 dehydrogenase gene was selected as the target for amplification, and specific RPA primers were designed. Experimental results confirmed that the primers demonstrated high specificity for S. invicta. Sensitivity testing using agarose gel electrophoresis revealed that the RPA reaction could detect as low as 1.0×10-4 ng/μL, which is 103 times more sensitive than conventional PCR. A visual detection method was further developed by incorporating nucleic acid dyes into the reaction, achieving a sensitivity of approximately 1.0×10-1 ng/μL. Additionally, a rapid DNA extraction method was explored. This method involved grinding ant samples in sterile water followed by heating at 100 ℃ in a water bath for one minute, which successfully yielding crude DNA. The developed method enables gene amplification of S. invicta at 37 ℃, with detection results assessed via fluorescence reactions, completing the entire process within 30 minutes. This approach provides a convenient, rapid, accurate, and reliable technical method for detecting S. invicta, offering valuable technical support for its quarantine, prevention and control.

Solenopsis invicta  /  recombinant polymerase amplification  /  visualization  /  rapid detection  /  sensitivity
秦磊, 张绪风, 袁鸿超, 郭技星, 周祥. 基于RPA技术的红火蚁快速可视化检测方法. 热带作物学报, 2025 , 46 (6) : 1514 -1521 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.06.023
Lei QIN, Xufeng ZHANG, Hongchao YUAN, Jixing GUO, Xiang ZHOU. A Rapid Visual Detection Method for Red Fire Ants Based on RPA Technology[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2025 , 46 (6) : 1514 -1521 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.06.023
红火蚁(Solenopsis invicta)原生于南美洲巴拉那河流域[1],被认为是世界上最危险的100种恶性入侵物种之一[2]。在全球化贸易背景下,红火蚁随着人类活动,借助各类交通工具在全球范围内快速传播扩散[3]。我国最早在2003年于台湾省桃园、嘉义发现红火蚁入侵,随后2004年在广东省吴川市出现,此后分布范围不断扩大。截至2021年,华南、华中、华东和西南地区的12个省份均有红火蚁发生的报道[4]。红火蚁具有极强的破坏力和环境适应能力,能够在农田、绿化带、草地等多种生境中迅速定殖并成为优势种,给农业生产、生态、城市及公共卫生等方面带来严重危害[5-8]
红火蚁的入侵主要通过人类活动传播,例如随苗木和土壤运输等途径扩散[9]。检疫措施是防止红火蚁进一步扩散的重要手段[10],而快速、准确的检测技术是检疫工作的关键。目前红火蚁的鉴定依赖形态学和DNA条码技术鉴定,但红火蚁的体型小,形态特征不易观察,特别是在脱离蚁巢后,直观识别难度大,需借助体视显微镜并依赖专业人员的经验。而DNA条码技术虽然准确性高,但检测流程繁琐,耗时较长,难以满足现场快速检测的需求。VALLES等[11]开发了基于红火蚁特异性毒液蛋白的单克隆抗体检测法,但该方法需要至少5只工蚁的毒液蛋白,灵敏度较低,当捕获的蚁群较少时难以满足检测需求。LAMP技术被开发用于红火蚁检测[12],但LAMP技术容易受气溶胶污染产生假阳性,此外反应需要60 ℃和90 ℃ 2个反应温度,需要仪器设备且操作流程相对繁琐,检测时间较长[13-17]。因此,开发一种准确、高效、简便的红火蚁检测方法具有重要意义。重组聚合酶扩增(recombinase polymerase amplification,RPA)是一种不通过高温解旋,利用酶打开模板链,不需要高温使DNA变性,也不需要高温进行扩增反应[18],不依赖PCR仪完成核酸指数扩增的恒温扩增技术,反应条件简单,在25~43 ℃恒温条件下即可实现核酸的指数扩增[19-20]。相对PCR和其他恒温扩增技术,如环介等温扩增(loop-mediated isothermal amplification,LAMP),反应时间更短,条件更简单,灵敏度更高。自2006年报道以来[21],RPA已被广泛应用于多种有害生物的现场快速检测。本研究开发了一种基于RPA技术的红火蚁可视化检测方法,快速高效、简便易行,灵敏准确,对于防控红火蚁的进一步扩散具有重要的应用价值。
红火蚁(Solenopsis invicta)、法老小家蚁(Monomorium pharaonis)采自海南省儋州市海南大学儋州校区,热带火蚁(S. geminata)采自海南省海口市那央村,广大头蚁(Pheidole megacephala)采自海南省乐东黎族自治县尖峰岭,细纹毛切叶蚁(Trichomyrmex destructor)、迈氏毛切叶蚁(T. mayri)采自海南省琼中黎族自治县黎母山。蚂蚁样本均为成虫,保存在无水乙醇中,存放于-20 ℃冰箱内。
血液/细胞/组织基因组DNA提取试剂盒、DNA纯化回收试剂盒、大肠杆菌感受态(DH5α)购自天根生化科技(北京)有限公司,Premix Taq酶、载体pMDTM18-T购自宝日医生物技术(北京)有限公司,RPA基础扩增试剂盒购自英国TwistDx公司;PCR产物纯化试剂盒购自德国默克公司。
用血液/细胞/组织基因组DNA提取试剂盒,按照试剂盒说明书,分别提取几种蚂蚁样本DNA,用超微量紫外分光光度计(欧洲米欧仪器有限公司)对提取DNA的浓度及质量进行测定,保存在-20 ℃冰箱内备用。
COI基因通用引物LCO1490和HCO2198[22]由擎科生物科技股份有限公司(海口)合成,对各蚂蚁样本的DNA进行PCR反应扩增,PCR反应使用25 μL体系,包括12.5 μL Premix Taq、9.5 μL无菌超纯水、1.0 μL DNA模板和正、反向引物(10.0 μmol/L)各1 uL。LCO1490的PCR反应条件:94 ℃预变性1 min;94 ℃变性40 s,45 ℃退火30 s,72 ℃延伸1 min,预扩增5个循环;HCO2198的PCR反应条件:94 ℃变性40 s,51 ℃退火40 s,72 ℃延伸1 min,35个循环;72 ℃延伸5 min。将PCR产物在1%琼脂糖凝胶上进行电泳,使用DNA纯化回收试剂盒对目的条带进行纯化回收,将纯化产物和载体pMDTM18-T连接,取连接产物转化到感受态(DH5α)中,筛选阳性克隆,将菌液送往擎科生物科技股份有限公司(海口)测序。
引物按照TwistAmp®检测设计手册指南(https://www.twistdx.co.uk)设计,根据NCBI(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/)提供的红火蚁线粒体全基因组与试验中5种近缘种和形体近似蚂蚁的线粒体全基因组用MEGA 11进行比对,找到红火蚁的特异性碱基位点,最终选取长度为961 bp的红火蚁的线粒体NADH脱氢酶2(ND2)基因序列,使用Primer Premier 5软件设计引物,将设计引物序列在NCBI使用Primer-BLAST功能对引物进行分析筛选,得到ND2F和ND2R,初步检验引物的特异性,筛选出特异性良好的引物,并由擎科生物科技股份有限公司(海口)合成(表1)。
对RPA引物进行PCR反应验证特异性,在25 μL体系中进行,体系包括12.5 μL Premix Taq酶,10 μL无菌超纯水,正反向引物各1 μL,0.5 μL DNA模板。PCR扩增反应程序:94 ℃预变性5 min;94 ℃变性30 s;58 ℃退火30 s;72 ℃延伸30 s,30个循环;72 ℃延伸10 min。取20 μL反应产物,在3%琼脂糖凝胶100 V恒压电泳30 min,电泳结束后在凝胶成像系统紫外透射下观察并且保存结果。
对引物进行RPA反应检验,按照试剂盒进行操作,RPA反应体系为50 μL体系,包括29.5 μL Rehydration buffer,11.2 μL无菌超纯水,正反向引物各2.4 μL,1 μL DNA模板,2.5 μL 280 mmol/L醋酸镁[Mg(CH3COO)2]溶液,简写为MgOAc,先将Rehydration buffer、无菌超纯水、正反向引物混匀后加入反应管溶解管中的酶,后加入DNA模板和MgOAc,充分震荡混匀后离心,在PCR仪上37 ℃孵育20 min终止反应。将反应产物按照PCR产物纯化试剂盒说明书进行纯化后,取20 μL与2 μL 10×loading buffer混匀点样,在3%琼脂糖凝胶上100 V恒压电泳30 min,电泳结束后在凝胶成像系统紫外透射下观察并且保存结果。
将蚂蚁DNA进行RPA反应后产物中加入1 μL的SYBR GREEN Ⅰ核酸染料震荡离心后,放在激发光源下进行观察。
将初始浓度为100 ng/µL红火蚁DNA模版按照梯度依次稀释至1.0×101、1.0、1.0×10-1、1.0×10-2、1.0×10-3、1.0×10-4、1.0×10-5 ng/µL,PCR和RPA的体系不变,分别进行RCR和RPA反应,PCR结果通过琼脂糖凝胶电泳验证,RPA结果通过琼脂糖凝胶电泳和荧光反应验证。
参照PRITI等[23]在棕榈蓟马RPA检测中的DNA快速提取方法。在1.5 mL离心管中加入50 μL无菌超纯水,用研磨棒对蚂蚁进行充分研磨,研磨后将离心管在100 ℃水浴锅中水浴加热1 min得到蚂蚁DNA粗提液。用12.2 μL的粗提液等体积代替原体系中11.2 μL无菌超纯水和DNA进行RPA反应,将反应产物按照PCR产物纯化试剂盒说明书进行纯化后,取20 μL与2 μL 10×loading buffer混匀点样,在3%琼脂糖凝胶上100 V恒压电泳50 min,电泳结束后在凝胶成像系统紫外透射下观察并且保存结果。
将待检测蚂蚁放入装有50 μL无菌超纯水的离心管中用研磨棒研磨,将离心管放入便携式金属浴中100 ℃加热1~2 min,取11.2 μL粗提液加入提前混入引物与buffer的反应管中,加入2.5 μL MgOAc颠倒混匀,将反应管握在手中或放入37 ℃便携式金属浴水浴加热20 min后,加入1 μL SYBR GREEN Ⅰ核酸染料,摇匀后在激发光源下观察。
COI通用引物扩增产物的凝胶电泳结果如图1所示,1~6号泳道均出现条带,表明目标片段扩增成功。通过NCBI的BLAST工具将测序结果与数据库中的物种基因序列进行比对,序列同源性均大于98%,可确认蚂蚁样本物种。
首先利用普通PCR对RPA引物的特异性进行分析,琼脂糖凝胶电泳结果如图2所示,1号泳道有明显条带,2~6泳道无条带出现,引物特异性良好。
RPA反应琼脂糖凝胶电泳结果如图3所示,泳道1有明显条带,泳道2~6无条带出现,引物在RPA反应中特异性良好。
对5种蚂蚁DNA样品进行RPA反应,反应后向体系内加入1 μL SYBR GREEN核酸染料,震荡混匀。结果显示,1号管的样品在激发光源下呈显著荧光,2~6号管无荧光现象(图4)。
利用普通PCR方法分析RPA引物对不同浓度模版检测灵敏度,琼脂糖凝胶电泳结果显示,1~3号泳道有明显条带,4号泳道隐约可见条带,5号泳道无条带出现,PCR反应的灵敏度检测最低限度为1.0×10-1 ng/μL(图5)。
RPA反应的琼脂糖凝胶电泳结果显示1~4号泳道有明显条带,5~7号泳道隐约可见条带,8号泳道无条带出现,RPA反应的灵敏度检测最低限度为1.0×10-4 ng/μL(图6)。
可视化荧光检测结果显示,1~3号管可检测到显著荧光信号,4~6号管未检测到荧光信号,RPA反应的可视化荧光检测灵敏度检测最低限度为1.0×10-1 ng/μL(图7)。
将粗提的DNA进行RPA反应,再将反应产物纯化后进行琼脂糖凝胶电泳,据琼脂糖凝胶电泳结果,泳道1有明显的条带,证明引物对红火蚁粗提的DNA成功扩增(图8)。该结果同时证明,可用粗提DNA的方式代替DNA提取,来达到减少检测时间,提高检测效率的目的。
以粗提DNA代替试剂盒提取DNA过程,RPA反应后向体系加入1 μL SYBR GREEN核酸染料,在激发光源下,管1有显著荧光现象(图9)。据该结果,可用向体系中加入核酸染料在激发光源下观察是否有荧光现象代替琼脂糖凝胶电泳,进而减少检测时间,提高检测效率。
红火蚁作为一种适应能力极强、危害严重的入侵害虫,已引起全球范围的高度关注[24]。红火蚁通过人类活动、苗木及土壤等途径传播扩散,全球诸多地区均存在红火蚁入侵的潜在风险,随着经济贸易全球化,世界各国之间贸易往来频繁,增加了红火蚁通过人类活动随交通工具进行传播的风险。红火蚁一旦定殖,红火蚁对农业、环境、城市基础设施及人类健康都会造成严重危害。目前检疫仍是预防红火蚁入侵最有效的手段,国内外对红火蚁检疫工作越来越重视,快速、准确的分子检测技术对红火蚁的早期防控至关重要。本研究开发了一种基于RPA技术的红火蚁可视化检测方法,快速高效、简便易行,灵敏准确,对于防控红火蚁的进一步扩散具有重要的应用价值。
RPA检测为红火蚁分子鉴定提供了新的方式,相较于DNA条形码、免疫检测法、LAMP等方法,RPA检测时间更短,灵敏度更高,操作更简便,无需仪器即可完成,适用于各个场景,为其他膜翅目害虫的分子鉴定提供了可借鉴的技术支持。现阶段RPA等温扩增技术已被广泛应用于病原菌和病毒的快速检测,但在昆虫的鉴定和检疫中,应用案例较少。PRITI等[23]建立了基于RPA反应的棕榈蓟马快速检测方法,是RPA等温扩增在昆虫的检测与检疫的首次应用,该方法无需PCR仪等设备即可在30 min内完成检测,仅通过观察反应前后指示剂颜色变化就能判断反应结果;LEWALD等[25]基于RPA技术结合Cas12a,建立了番茄潜叶蛾(Phthorimaea absoluta)的快速检测方法,该方法仅需0.1 ng的DNA作为模板即可完成扩增,且仅需简单的紫外激发光源就能判断反应结果,方法简便对操作人无知识储备要求;SHASHANK等[26]结合了RPA和CRISPR,相比实时荧光定量PCR,RPA反应时间更短,灵敏度更高,对番茄茎麦蛾、番茄潜叶蛾和斜纹夜蛾(Spodoptera litura)准确性达到了100%。ZENG等[27]建立的谷斑皮蠹(Trogoderma granarium)RPA和CRISPR/Cas12a快速可视化检测,能够在40 min完成对目标的检测,灵敏度达到了1.0×10-1 ng/µL,王雅娜等[28]建立的基于RPA-CRISPR/Cas12a的美国白蛾可视化快速检测通过RPA扩增目标序列,结合CRISPR检测技术并对反应条件进行优化,最终该体系灵敏度可检测的最低限度为1.0×10-1 ng/µL,检测体系在30 min内即可实现对害虫的现场快速、可视化、精准鉴定。
为有效防控红火蚁,在检疫中快速、准确地鉴定红火蚁,本研究对红火蚁和近缘种和近似种的蚂蚁通过RPA反应对目标序列扩增,实现对红火蚁的快速鉴定。为满足在野外以及海关口岸等场景下快速检测的目的,应精简反应所需设备与流程。RPA反应所需温度和人体温接近,将反应的试管握在手中20 min代替PCR仪或在37 ℃便携式金属浴中加热,皆可完成RPA反应。在现场检测场景中,若无凝胶成像系统,则无法观察琼脂糖凝胶电泳的结果,同时琼脂糖凝胶电泳耗时较长,不符合现场检测简便性这一重要原则,故采取使用荧光染料作为反应终点的指示剂代替琼脂糖凝胶电泳过程。成功扩增的核酸被核酸染料染色,在激发光源下,有显著荧光现象。反应后在蓝光或紫外灯等激发光源下有显著荧光现象,灵敏度约为1.0×10-1 ng/µL,时间比RPA结合琼脂糖凝胶电泳减少了30 min,比LAMP反应减少了60 min。该检测方法经多次重复检验,重复性良好,且鉴定结果实现可视化,适用场景包括海关口岸、田间以及缺少实验设备的地方,该方法在发现残缺虫体,难以区分时,仍可以准确鉴定,同时该方法使用简便,非专业人员仍可按方法准确鉴别。新方法为红火蚁的检疫防控提供了技术支持,同时为其他检疫害虫的快速检测提供了经验。
本研究相比形态学鉴定、DNA条形码、LAMP等方法,有检测时间更短,灵敏度更高等优点。但是同时目前该方法仍存在不足之处,该检测体系有待进一步改进。包括指示剂的改良,羟基萘酚蓝作为指示剂相比荧光染料更加简便,无需激发光源即可观察检测结果,但在该方法中测试反应前后颜色变化不明显,有待进一步研究。
  • 崖州湾种子实验室揭榜挂帅项目(B21HJ0905)
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.06.023
  • 接收时间:2025-01-06
  • 首发时间:2026-06-24
  • 出版时间:2025-06-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-01-06
  • 录用日期:2025-02-12
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崖州湾种子实验室揭榜挂帅项目(B21HJ0905)
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    海南大学热带农林学院/热带农林生物灾害绿色防控教育部重点实验室,海南儋州 571700

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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