Article(id=1276530073293427481, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276529901037548535, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.06.021, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1739894400000, receivedDateStr=2025-02-19, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1740585600000, acceptedDateStr=2025-02-27, onlineDate=1782278086255, onlineDateStr=2026-06-24, pubDate=1750780800000, pubDateStr=2025-06-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1782278086255, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1782278086255, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1782278086255, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1276529901037548535, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, year='2025', volume='46', issue='6', pageStart='1279', pageEnd='1532', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1750780800000', pubDateStr='2025-06-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1782278045186, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782298980105, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1276617708544328532, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276529901037548535, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1276617708544328533, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276529901037548535, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1491, endPage=1501, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1276530073830298396, articleId=1276530073293427481, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=EN, title=Identification and Expression Analysis of PlATG26 in Peronophythora litchii, columnId=1236292524264968282, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, columnName=Plant Protection & Bio-safety, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Atg26 (or Ugt51) is a UDP-glucose: sterol glucosyltransferase, which regulates the biological process of sterol conversion to sterol glucoside (SG), participates in various cellular autophagy processes, and plays an important role in fungal growth, development and pathogenicity. In order to investigate the role of Atg26 in the growth, development and virulence of Peronophythora litchii, six Atg26 homologous proteins were identified through bioinformatics. The analysis of protein properties showed that the secondary structure of the protein was mainly random curling and had hydrophilic properties. The results of gene and protein structure analysis showed that except PlATG26a, the other ATG26 homologous genes of P. litchii had introns, which were mostly distributed at the end of the gene. All Atg26 homologous proteins contained the CAT catalytic domain, but did not have the PH (pleckstrin homology) and GRAM (glucosyltransferase, Rab-like GTPase activators, and myotubularins) domains that make up the PBD (phosphoinositide binding domain). Further phylogenetic and conserved motif analysis of Atg26 homologous proteins found that diversity existed among the Atg26 homologous proteins in P. litchii, but the CAT domain of Atg26 was conserved in different species. Protein interaction prediction and protein molecular docking analysis showed that the interacting proteins of PlAtg26 were mostly located in the cytoplasm or membrane, concentrated in the process of cell metabolism, and had catalytic activity, REDOX activity or binding ability, which also indicated that PlAtg26 may not require the binding ability of GRAM domain for localization. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis showed that PlATG26b was up-regulated in zoospore stage and early infection, but had no significant difference in sporangium stage and late infection. This result also indicated that Atg26 played an important role in the asexual reproduction and infection of P. litchii. In conclusion, PlAtg26 and Atg26 homologues in fungi have significant structural differences and may show different biological functions from fungi.

, authors=null, authorsList=Xuejian WANG, Chengdong YANG, Ge YU, Zhenxi JI, Hengyuan GUO, Linlin YE, Qinghe CHEN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Qinghe CHEN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1276530078339175217, articleId=1276530073293427481, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=CN, title=荔枝霜疫霉自噬相关基因PlATG26的鉴定及表达分析, columnId=1236292524520820846, journalTitle=热带作物学报, columnName=植物保护与生物安全, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Atg26(或Ugt51)是一种UDP-葡萄糖:甾醇葡萄糖基转移酶,其调控甾醇转化成甾醇葡萄糖苷(SG)的生物过程,参与多种细胞自噬过程,在真菌生长发育及致病性方面具有重要作用。为探究Atg26对荔枝霜疫霉(Peronophythora litchii)生长发育及毒性作用的影响,本研究通过生物信息学技术在荔枝霜疫霉中鉴定到6个与酿酒酵母Atg26同源的蛋白。蛋白质特性分析发现,其二级结构以无规则卷曲为主,且具有亲水性。基因结构和蛋白质结构分析结果显示,除PlATG26a外,其余荔枝霜疫霉的ATG26同源基因均具有内含子,且大多分布在基因末端;荔枝霜疫霉中Atg26同源蛋白均含有一个UDP-葡萄糖基转移酶(UDP-glucosyl transferase,UDPGT)的催化结构域,无PH(pleckstrin同源)和GRAM(糖基转移酶、GTPase激活剂和肌管蛋白)功能域。进一步对Atg26同源蛋白进行系统进化和保守基序分析发现,荔枝霜疫霉中的Atg26同源蛋白之间存在多样性,但不同物种中Atg26的CAT结构域具有保守性。蛋白质互作预测和蛋白质分子对接分析发现,PlAtg26的互作蛋白多位于细胞质或膜上,集中在细胞代谢过程中,具有催化活性、氧化还原活性或结合能力。实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)分析发现,与菌丝阶段表达相比,PlATG26b在荔枝霜疫霉游动孢子阶段和侵染初期上调表达,在孢子囊阶段和侵染后期无明显差异,表明PlAtg26可能在荔枝霜疫霉的无性生殖和致病性中发挥重要作用。综上所述,PlAtg26与其他真菌中Atg26同源蛋白在结构上具有明显差异,可能表现出与真菌不一样的生物学功能。

, authors=

王雪健(2000—),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:热带作物病害防控。

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* 陈庆河(CHEN Qinghe),E-mail:
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王雪健(2000—),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:热带作物病害防控。

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王雪健(2000—),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:热带作物病害防控。

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Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, 2011, 13(2): 132-141., articleTitle=AMPK and mTOR regulate autophagy through direct phosphorylation of Ulk1, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1276530096768947082, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530073293427481, awardId=32160614, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金项目(32160614), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1276530096844444555, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530073293427481, awardId=HNARS-08, language=CN, fundingSource=海南省荔枝产业技术体系(HNARS-08), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1276530096898970508, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530073293427481, awardId=KYQD(ZR)-20080, language=CN, fundingSource=海南大学科研启动基金(KYQD(ZR)-20080), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1276530078540501811, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530073293427481, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276530078553084724, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530073293427481, companyId=1276530078540501811, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University / School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Sanya, Hainan 572025, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276530078561473333, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530073293427481, companyId=1276530078540501811, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.海南大学南繁学院(三亚南繁研究院)/海南大学热带农林学院,海南三亚 572025)]), AuthorCompany(id=1276530078628582198, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530073293427481, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276530078636970807, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530073293427481, companyId=1276530078628582198, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276530078645359416, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530073293427481, companyId=1276530078628582198, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.热带农林生物灾害绿色防控教育部重点实验室,海南海口 570228)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1276530091819668337, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530073293427481, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Domain analysis of Atg26 homologous proteins in P. litchii, figureFileSmall=k+jRndBV3g1Rh6X/qnZo9A==, figureFileBig=zRNr3MkxFJg3ux2GW79+8w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276530092192961394, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530073293427481, language=CN, label=图1, caption=荔枝霜疫霉中Atg26同源蛋白结构域分析

PF03033:糖基转移酶家族28N-末端结构域;PF06722:红霉素生物合成蛋白CIII样-C端结构域;PF00169:PH结构域;PF02893:GRAM结构域。

, figureFileSmall=k+jRndBV3g1Rh6X/qnZo9A==, figureFileBig=zRNr3MkxFJg3ux2GW79+8w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276530092662723444, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530073293427481, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Exon-intron structure of ATG26 homologous gene and their conserved domains, figureFileSmall=oLGRmMo/vr+qh6E79tW9OA==, figureFileBig=kvKNhqCI7Pijaz6jASHNOg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276530092729832309, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530073293427481, language=CN, label=图2, caption=ATG26同源基因外显子-内含子结构和蛋白质结构域分布

A:ATG26同源基因的外显子-内含子结构;B:Atg26同源蛋白保守功能域。

, figureFileSmall=oLGRmMo/vr+qh6E79tW9OA==, figureFileBig=kvKNhqCI7Pijaz6jASHNOg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276530092801135478, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530073293427481, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Phylogenetic tree (A) and motif analysis (B) of Atg26 homologous proteins, figureFileSmall=xcrl/MLodlG41KVuRjP+Ng==, figureFileBig=jRN3qWHXayE177HQPQjSzw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276530094449496951, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530073293427481, language=CN, label=图3, caption=Atg26同源蛋白系统发育树(A)和保守基序分析(B), figureFileSmall=xcrl/MLodlG41KVuRjP+Ng==, figureFileBig=jRN3qWHXayE177HQPQjSzw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276530094533383032, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530073293427481, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Interaction network of PlAtg26 homologous proteins in P. cactorum, figureFileSmall=JKb5hKGJ+U6KD6uAsluj2g==, figureFileBig=5JE7S9+/rEcOM8nI9wOg/w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276530094608880505, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530073293427481, language=CN, label=图4, caption=恶疫霉中PlAtg26同源蛋白互作网络分析, figureFileSmall=JKb5hKGJ+U6KD6uAsluj2g==, figureFileBig=5JE7S9+/rEcOM8nI9wOg/w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276530094667600762, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530073293427481, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Crystal structure model of Atg26 homologous protein and its interacting protein in P. litchii, figureFileSmall=qiAzn6cS3XgauVSFkD3/Lw==, figureFileBig=ukE7cng+1vTZk/LYtHFUtQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276530094747292539, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530073293427481, language=CN, label=图5, caption=荔枝霜疫霉中Atg26同源蛋白及其互作蛋白的晶体结构模型, figureFileSmall=qiAzn6cS3XgauVSFkD3/Lw==, figureFileBig=ukE7cng+1vTZk/LYtHFUtQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276530094810207100, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530073293427481, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=Interaction model of Atg26 homologous proteins and interacting proteins in P. litchii, figureFileSmall=efNTFoZbXgRtlGkHWdBEKg==, figureFileBig=cpmcnTOVX+Gt0d6F4IOuJQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276530095091225469, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530073293427481, language=CN, label=图6, caption=荔枝霜疫霉中Atg26同源蛋白及其互作蛋白的相互作用模型

A:PlAtg26a和Pl_g7383分子对接晶体结构;B:PlAtg26a和Pl_g7383的氢键作用力;C:PlAtg26f和Pl_g9795分子对接晶体结构;D:PlAtg26f和Pl_g9795的氢键作用力。

, figureFileSmall=efNTFoZbXgRtlGkHWdBEKg==, figureFileBig=cpmcnTOVX+Gt0d6F4IOuJQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276530095170917246, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530073293427481, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=Cloning of PlATG26b gene, figureFileSmall=FTbtJLzqceUejVwsvOgaqw==, figureFileBig=tYM+TBBSQLQxJpsI8r+l2Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276530095514850175, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530073293427481, language=CN, label=图7, caption=PlATG26b基因克隆

M: Marker Ⅲ; P: PlATG26b.

, figureFileSmall=FTbtJLzqceUejVwsvOgaqw==, figureFileBig=tYM+TBBSQLQxJpsI8r+l2Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276530095602930560, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530073293427481, language=EN, label=Fig. 8, caption=Prediction of PlAtg26B protein transmembrane domain (A), signal peptide (B) and phosphorylation site (C), figureFileSmall=JvW1Png1sXIC41hjd5Wpag==, figureFileBig=3EeDPphFShu9MT6KWIIxwg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276530095674233729, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530073293427481, language=CN, label=图8, caption=PlAtg26b蛋白跨膜结构域(A)、信号肽(B)及磷酸化位点(C)的预测, figureFileSmall=JvW1Png1sXIC41hjd5Wpag==, figureFileBig=3EeDPphFShu9MT6KWIIxwg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276530095909114754, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530073293427481, language=EN, label=Fig. 9, caption=qRT-PCR analysis of ATG26b in P. litchii, figureFileSmall=S5fKMYYm2WPKM/q6WKn1ZQ==, figureFileBig=3qLLP0WLh4VH4E/WkY5PmA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276530095967835011, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530073293427481, language=CN, label=图9, caption=荔枝霜疫霉中ATG26b的qRT-PCR分析, figureFileSmall=S5fKMYYm2WPKM/q6WKn1ZQ==, figureFileBig=3qLLP0WLh4VH4E/WkY5PmA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276530096030749572, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530073293427481, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Physicochemical properties of Atg26 homologous proteins in P. litchii

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基因名称Gene nameEE-value基因ID Gene ID氨基酸数量Number of amino acid分子量Mw/kDa等电点IP不稳定系数II脂溶指数AI亲水性平均值GRAVY
PlAtg26a7e-73Pl_g13547.t189096.996.3940.4790.53–0.131
PlAtg26b4e-70Pl_g1166.t11503167.146.5039.6281.86–0.336
PlAtg26c8e-74Pl_g9701.t11451162.486.6444.6182.86–0.324
PlAtg26d1e-70Pl_g7406.t11375151.727.1438.2584.84–0.218
PlAtg26e2e-71Pl_g2814.t11263139.647.1740.9490.21–0.177
PlAtg26f7e-74Pl_g9702.t1707139.648.5951.7980.11–0.326
), ArticleFig(id=1276530096093664133, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530073293427481, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

荔枝霜疫霉中Atg26同源蛋白的理化性质

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基因名称Gene nameEE-value基因ID Gene ID氨基酸数量Number of amino acid分子量Mw/kDa等电点IP不稳定系数II脂溶指数AI亲水性平均值GRAVY
PlAtg26a7e-73Pl_g13547.t189096.996.3940.4790.53–0.131
PlAtg26b4e-70Pl_g1166.t11503167.146.5039.6281.86–0.336
PlAtg26c8e-74Pl_g9701.t11451162.486.6444.6182.86–0.324
PlAtg26d1e-70Pl_g7406.t11375151.727.1438.2584.84–0.218
PlAtg26e2e-71Pl_g2814.t11263139.647.1740.9490.21–0.177
PlAtg26f7e-74Pl_g9702.t1707139.648.5951.7980.11–0.326
), ArticleFig(id=1276530096328545158, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530073293427481, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Subcellular localization and secondary structure analysis of Atg26 homologous proteins in P. litchii

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基因名称Gene nameα-螺旋Alpha helix/%β-折叠Beta turn/%无规则卷曲Random coil/%延伸链Extended strand/%亚细胞定位Subcellular
PlAtg26a38.540.0052.588.88cytoplasm
PlAtg26b40.590.0049.3710.05nucleus
PlAtg26c39.080.0050.5910.34cytoplasm
PlAtg26d38.840.0050.8410.33mitochondrion
PlAtg26e36.340.0054.169.5plasma membrane
PlAtg26f39.750.0050.0710.18mitochondrion
), ArticleFig(id=1276530096391459719, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530073293427481, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

荔枝霜疫霉中Atg26同源蛋白的亚细胞定位和二级结构分析

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基因名称Gene nameα-螺旋Alpha helix/%β-折叠Beta turn/%无规则卷曲Random coil/%延伸链Extended strand/%亚细胞定位Subcellular
PlAtg26a38.540.0052.588.88cytoplasm
PlAtg26b40.590.0049.3710.05nucleus
PlAtg26c39.080.0050.5910.34cytoplasm
PlAtg26d38.840.0050.8410.33mitochondrion
PlAtg26e36.340.0054.169.5plasma membrane
PlAtg26f39.750.0050.0710.18mitochondrion
), ArticleFig(id=1276530096445985672, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530073293427481, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

Homologous proteins of PlAtg26 in P. cactorum

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荔枝霜疫霉蛋白P. litchii protein ID恶疫霉P. cactorum同一性Identity/%比特分数BitscoreEE-value
蛋白ID Protein ID蛋白注释Protein annotation
PlAtg26aPC110_g17974sterol 3-β-glucosyltransferase84.401449.50
PlAtg26bPC110_g11397sterol 3-β-glucosyltransferase84.602551.90
PlAtg26cPC110_g20840sterol 3-β-glucosyltransferase87.902559.30
PlAtg26dPC110_g11832sterol 3-β-glucosyltransferase75.402208.30
PlAtg26bPC110_g11398sterol 3-β-glucosyltransferase82.502107.40
PlAtg26fPC110_g20839sterol 3-β-glucosyltransferase86.001248.00
), ArticleFig(id=1276530096508900233, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530073293427481, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

恶疫霉中PlAtg26的同源蛋白

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荔枝霜疫霉蛋白P. litchii protein ID恶疫霉P. cactorum同一性Identity/%比特分数BitscoreEE-value
蛋白ID Protein ID蛋白注释Protein annotation
PlAtg26aPC110_g17974sterol 3-β-glucosyltransferase84.401449.50
PlAtg26bPC110_g11397sterol 3-β-glucosyltransferase84.602551.90
PlAtg26cPC110_g20840sterol 3-β-glucosyltransferase87.902559.30
PlAtg26dPC110_g11832sterol 3-β-glucosyltransferase75.402208.30
PlAtg26bPC110_g11398sterol 3-β-glucosyltransferase82.502107.40
PlAtg26fPC110_g20839sterol 3-β-glucosyltransferase86.001248.00
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荔枝霜疫霉自噬相关基因PlATG26的鉴定及表达分析
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王雪健 1, 2 , 杨成东 1, 2 , 于戈 1, 2 , 季贞希 1, 2 , 郭恒远 1, 2 , 叶琳琳 1, 2 , 陈庆河 1, 2, *
热带作物学报 | 植物保护与生物安全 2025,46(6): 1491-1501
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热带作物学报 |植物保护与生物安全 2025 , 46 (6) : 1491 -1501
荔枝霜疫霉自噬相关基因PlATG26的鉴定及表达分析
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王雪健(2000—),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:热带作物病害防控。

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王雪健1, 2, 杨成东1, 2, 于戈1, 2, 季贞希1, 2, 郭恒远1, 2, 叶琳琳1, 2, 陈庆河1, 2, *
作者信息
  • 1.海南大学南繁学院(三亚南繁研究院)/海南大学热带农林学院,海南三亚 572025
  • 2.热带农林生物灾害绿色防控教育部重点实验室,海南海口 570228
通讯作者:
* 陈庆河(CHEN Qinghe),E-mail:
Identification and Expression Analysis of PlATG26 in Peronophythora litchii
Xuejian WANG1, 2, Chengdong YANG1, 2, Ge YU1, 2, Zhenxi JI1, 2, Hengyuan GUO1, 2, Linlin YE1, 2, Qinghe CHEN1, 2, *
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University / School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Sanya, Hainan 572025, China
  • 2.Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
出版时间: 2025-06-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.06.021
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Atg26(或Ugt51)是一种UDP-葡萄糖:甾醇葡萄糖基转移酶,其调控甾醇转化成甾醇葡萄糖苷(SG)的生物过程,参与多种细胞自噬过程,在真菌生长发育及致病性方面具有重要作用。为探究Atg26对荔枝霜疫霉(Peronophythora litchii)生长发育及毒性作用的影响,本研究通过生物信息学技术在荔枝霜疫霉中鉴定到6个与酿酒酵母Atg26同源的蛋白。蛋白质特性分析发现,其二级结构以无规则卷曲为主,且具有亲水性。基因结构和蛋白质结构分析结果显示,除PlATG26a外,其余荔枝霜疫霉的ATG26同源基因均具有内含子,且大多分布在基因末端;荔枝霜疫霉中Atg26同源蛋白均含有一个UDP-葡萄糖基转移酶(UDP-glucosyl transferase,UDPGT)的催化结构域,无PH(pleckstrin同源)和GRAM(糖基转移酶、GTPase激活剂和肌管蛋白)功能域。进一步对Atg26同源蛋白进行系统进化和保守基序分析发现,荔枝霜疫霉中的Atg26同源蛋白之间存在多样性,但不同物种中Atg26的CAT结构域具有保守性。蛋白质互作预测和蛋白质分子对接分析发现,PlAtg26的互作蛋白多位于细胞质或膜上,集中在细胞代谢过程中,具有催化活性、氧化还原活性或结合能力。实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)分析发现,与菌丝阶段表达相比,PlATG26b在荔枝霜疫霉游动孢子阶段和侵染初期上调表达,在孢子囊阶段和侵染后期无明显差异,表明PlAtg26可能在荔枝霜疫霉的无性生殖和致病性中发挥重要作用。综上所述,PlAtg26与其他真菌中Atg26同源蛋白在结构上具有明显差异,可能表现出与真菌不一样的生物学功能。

荔枝霜疫霉  /  细胞自噬  /  PlATG26  /  生物信息学  /  qRT-PCR

Atg26 (or Ugt51) is a UDP-glucose: sterol glucosyltransferase, which regulates the biological process of sterol conversion to sterol glucoside (SG), participates in various cellular autophagy processes, and plays an important role in fungal growth, development and pathogenicity. In order to investigate the role of Atg26 in the growth, development and virulence of Peronophythora litchii, six Atg26 homologous proteins were identified through bioinformatics. The analysis of protein properties showed that the secondary structure of the protein was mainly random curling and had hydrophilic properties. The results of gene and protein structure analysis showed that except PlATG26a, the other ATG26 homologous genes of P. litchii had introns, which were mostly distributed at the end of the gene. All Atg26 homologous proteins contained the CAT catalytic domain, but did not have the PH (pleckstrin homology) and GRAM (glucosyltransferase, Rab-like GTPase activators, and myotubularins) domains that make up the PBD (phosphoinositide binding domain). Further phylogenetic and conserved motif analysis of Atg26 homologous proteins found that diversity existed among the Atg26 homologous proteins in P. litchii, but the CAT domain of Atg26 was conserved in different species. Protein interaction prediction and protein molecular docking analysis showed that the interacting proteins of PlAtg26 were mostly located in the cytoplasm or membrane, concentrated in the process of cell metabolism, and had catalytic activity, REDOX activity or binding ability, which also indicated that PlAtg26 may not require the binding ability of GRAM domain for localization. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis showed that PlATG26b was up-regulated in zoospore stage and early infection, but had no significant difference in sporangium stage and late infection. This result also indicated that Atg26 played an important role in the asexual reproduction and infection of P. litchii. In conclusion, PlAtg26 and Atg26 homologues in fungi have significant structural differences and may show different biological functions from fungi.

Peronophythora litchii  /  autophagy  /  PlATG26  /  bioinformatics  /  qRT-PCR
王雪健, 杨成东, 于戈, 季贞希, 郭恒远, 叶琳琳, 陈庆河. 荔枝霜疫霉自噬相关基因PlATG26的鉴定及表达分析. 热带作物学报, 2025 , 46 (6) : 1491 -1501 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.06.021
Xuejian WANG, Chengdong YANG, Ge YU, Zhenxi JI, Hengyuan GUO, Linlin YE, Qinghe CHEN. Identification and Expression Analysis of PlATG26 in Peronophythora litchii[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2025 , 46 (6) : 1491 -1501 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.06.021
中国大陆是全球最大规模的荔枝(Litchi chinensis Sonn.)生产区,2022年中国大陆荔枝种植面积约52.61万hm2,基本保持稳定;荔枝产量约222.27万t[1]。由荔枝霜疫霉(Peronophythora litchii Chen ex Ko et al.)侵染引起的荔枝霜疫病严重影响荔枝的生长发育,是影响我国荔枝产量及产后最为严重的病害[2]。荔枝霜疫霉主要为害荔枝的果实,也会影响花穗和叶片,为害严重时,损失率可达30%~60%[3-5]。荔枝霜疫霉首次在中国台湾荔枝病果上发现,其孢囊梗为多级有限生长,形态与霜霉菌相似,但其他特性及基因组的序列特征与疫霉菌相似,将其归于霜疫霉属[6]
自噬(autophagy)是真核生物体内一种进化保守的生物学过程,是指细胞受到自噬起始信号后,形成双膜囊泡,即自噬体,隔离细胞器、蛋白质或细胞质的一部分,以便输送到溶酶体,进而将其降解的过程[7]。自噬过程受到多个自噬相关基因(ATG)的调控,1997年,YOSHINORI OHSUMI发现并克隆到酵母中第一个自噬相关基因ATG1,目前在酵母中已经发现了45个自噬相关基因[8-9]
根据细胞内容物进入溶酶体的不同方式,细胞自噬被分为巨自噬、微自噬和分子伴侣介导的自噬,而自噬根据底物的不同还可分为非选择性自噬(nonselective autophagy)和选择性自噬(selective autophagy)[10-11]。在毕赤酵母中,Atg26(Ugt51)是一种UDP-葡萄糖:甾醇葡萄糖基转移酶,合成一种较小的膜脂质甾醇葡糖苷(SG)。该酶含有1个磷酸肌醇结合结构域(PBD)和1个含有UDP-葡萄糖基转移酶(UDP-glucosyl transferase,UDPGT)的催化结构域(catalytic,CAT)[12-13]。其中,PBD结构域包括1个截断的GRAM(糖基转移酶、GTPase激活剂和肌管蛋白)-PH(pleckstrin同源)[trGRAM-pH]结构域和1个GRAM结构域,该结构域对于Atg26在自噬体前结构(preautophagosomal structure,PAS)的定位至关重要[12-13]。Atg26在多种丝状真菌中被鉴定,其功能已被证明与真菌的生长发育、自噬及毒力相关。在米曲霉(Aspergillus oryzae)中,Atg26不仅调控其过氧化物酶体自噬,还参与其线粒体自噬和细胞自噬,且该基因的缺失会影响米曲霉气生菌丝和分生孢子的形成[13]。在瓜类炭疽菌(Colletotrichum orbiculare)中,Atg26调控其过氧化物酶体自噬但不参与巨自噬,并且通过影响其附着胞内部压力,从而导致致病性的减弱[14],这些研究结果表明Atg26在病原真菌生长发育、细胞自噬和植物致病中发挥重要作用。但是Atg26在包括荔枝霜疫霉在内的植物病原卵菌生长发育及致病过程中的功能尚未报道。
前期的研究表明,荔枝霜疫霉中已鉴定到多个Atg蛋白,其中PlAtg2、PlAtg3、PlAtg8、PlAtg12对荔枝霜疫霉的生长发育、致病性以及细胞自噬具有重要作用,但Atg26还未得到鉴定[15-19]。本研究通过同源比对及pfam查找鉴定荔枝霜疫霉中的Atg26同源蛋白,利用生物信息学对其进一步分析,并通过qRT-PCR探究其在荔枝霜疫霉生长发育和侵染过程中的表达规律。
荔枝霜疫霉(P. litchii)菌株SHS3为实验室长期保存。
荔枝品种为妃子笑。
荔枝霜疫霉SHS3基因组为实验室转录组测序数据,为了鉴定荔枝霜疫霉的Atg26,在文献中查找真菌中已报道的Atg26同源蛋白,毕赤酵母(Pichia pastoris)PpAtg26、酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)ScAtg26、米曲霉(A. oryzae)AoAtg26、稻瘟菌(Magnaporthe oryzae)MoAtg26、禾谷镰刀菌(Fusarium graminearum)FgAtg26,并从GenBank获得其氨基酸序列[13,20-22]。利用NCBI本地blast工具建立荔枝霜疫霉本地数据库,通过Blastp的方法分别将以上Atg26序列在本地数据库中查找,设置目标功能域的E-value阈值为1e-5。通过pfam(http://pfam-legacy.xfam.org/)搜索PpAtg26的功能域(PF03033、PF00169、PF06722、PF02893),并利用TBtools[23]工具在荔枝霜疫霉数据库中进行hmmsearch,与Blastp查找结果取交集以获得候选蛋白。在NCBI Batch CD-search(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Structure/bwrpsb/bwrpsb.cgi)(E<1e-5)上对候选蛋白及已知蛋白进行功能域预测,并进一步对比。
利用Expasy-ProtParam(http://web.expasy.org/protparam/)对PlAtg26蛋白亲水性、等电点及分子式量进行分析;利用PlAtg26及已知蛋白的DNA序列和CDS序列,在TBtools上对其基因结构进行可视化;通过CELLO(http://cello.life.nctu.edu.tw/)对PlAtg26进行亚细胞定位预测;利用MEME(https://meme-suite.org/meme/tools/meme)预测分析PlAtg26及其同源序列的保守基序(motif),motif数量为10,长度为10~60 aa。
通过SOPMA预测PlAtg26蛋白二级结构;利用在线工具SWISS-MODEL[24]https://swissmodel.expasy.org/)预测PlAtg26蛋白的三级结构,并进行可视化。
在GenBank下载大豆疫霉(Phytophthora sojae)、拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)、家鼠(Mus musculus)的基因组数据,通过已知的PpAtg26、ScAtg26、AoAtg26和FgAtg26使用Blastp法查找其Atg26同源序列。通过PhyloSuite[25]中的IQ-TREE插件构建荔枝霜疫霉、酿酒酵母、毕赤酵母、致病疫霉、大豆疫霉、稻瘟菌、家鼠及拟南芥的Atg26蛋白系统发育树。采用maximum likelihood(ML)法,并设置ultrafast bootstrap参数为1000进行构建,其他参数采用默认值。
通过STRING网络对PlAtg26蛋白在线分析,发现PlAtg26在恶疫霉(P. cactorum)中存在对应蛋白。利用STRING[26]https://cn.string-db.org/)对恶疫霉中对应蛋白的互作关系进行分析,参数设置:最低要求交互分数,中等置信度(0.4000),显示最大交互数量不超过10个。
通过SWISS-MODEL(https://swissmodel.expasy.org/)对相关蛋白进行同源建模;利用GRAMM[27]进行分子对接;在PDBePISA(https://www.ebi.ac.uk/msd-srv/prot_int/pistart.html)上分析分子对接结果,并使用Pymol软件进行可视化。
将荔枝霜疫霉接种在V8液体培养基(取新鲜V8蔬菜汁过滤100 mL,加超纯水定容至1 L)中,25 ℃,120 r/min培养2 d,用ddH2O清洗之后收集菌丝提取DNA。引物序列:PlAtg26b-F,5′-ATGGAGGCCACACAGACG-3′;PlAtg26b-R,5′-TTAAAGAGCAACTGACG ATG-3′。PCR反应体系:2×Phanta Max Master Mix(Dye Plus)25 μL,Primer F / Primer R各2 μL,DNA 1 μL,ddH2O 20 μL。通过在线工具NetPhos-3.1(https://services.healthtech.dtu.dk/services/NetPhos-3.1/)、SignalP-4.1(https://services.healthtech.dtu.dk/services/SignalP-4.1/)和TMHMM-2.0(https://services.healthtech.dtu.dk/services/TMHMM-2.0/)预测PlAtg26b的磷酸化位点、信号肽及跨膜结构域。
参考王荣波等[15]的方法收集试验样品。将荔枝霜疫霉在V8固体培养基上暗培养2 d,随后切割边缘新鲜菌丝在V8液体培养基中,25 ℃,120 r/min培养2 d,用ddH2O清洗之后收集,获得荔枝霜疫霉营养菌丝(MY);将荔枝霜疫霉在V8固体培养基上培养5 d后,用ddH2O刮洗菌面,用滤纸过滤后,4000 r/min离心10 min后,弃上清后获得游动孢子囊(SP)样品;将上述SP样品在12 ℃低温处理1 h后,转移到25 ℃培养箱培养1 h,3800 r/min离心10 min后弃上清液获得游动孢子(ZO)。不同侵染时期样品获得:荔枝霜疫霉在V8液体培养基培养2 d后,接种在新鲜荔枝嫩叶正面,吸去多余水分后,再盖上一片嫩叶,放于25 ℃黑暗培养。分别于12、24、36、48、60 h收集,其中12 h只收集菌丝,其余时期收集菌丝和叶片,液氮冷冻后,置于–80 ℃保存,用于RNA提取。
内参基因actin引物序列:PlAct-F,5′-TCACGCTATTGTTCGTCTGG-3′;PlAct-R,5′-TCATCTCCTGGTCGAAGTCC-3′;qp-PlAtg26b引物序列:qp-PlAtg26b-F,5′-CGCA CGAAATGAAGCTGTCT-3′,qp-PlAtg26b-R,5′-GGAGTACTTGAGCGGCTTGT-3′。在AriaMx Real-Time PCR反应仪上进行qRT-PCR分析,反应体系:2×Q3 SYBR qPCR Master Mix(Universal)10 μL,Primer F / Primer R各0.4 μL,cDNA 2 μL,ddH2O 7.2 μL。反应程序:95 ℃预变性30 s;95 ℃变性10 s,60 ℃退火30 s,循环40次。以菌丝阶段基因表达水平为1,采用比较Ct值法(2–ΔΔCt法)分析PlATG26b在不同时期的相对表达量。每组样品进行3次重复。
为了鉴定荔枝霜疫霉中的Atg26同源蛋白,利用已报道的Atg26蛋白氨基酸序列,通过Blastp方法和HMM方法在荔枝霜疫霉数据库中查找,将其结果取交集分析,最终确定6个Atg26同源蛋白。
通过pfam网站共获得酵母Atg26蛋白的4个功能域(PF03033、PF00169、PF06722、PF02893),其中PF00169和PF02893组成PBD结构域,PF03033和PF06722组成CAT结构域。将4个功能域通过hmmsearch的结果取交集分析,并未在荔枝霜疫霉中发现同时具有4个功能域的蛋白,且Blastp结果中的6个蛋白均含有CAT结构域中的PF03033和PF06722,而无PBD结构域中的功能域(图1)。有趣的是,在荔枝霜疫霉中未发现同时含PBD中PF00169和PF02893的蛋白,且含CAT结构域中任一功能域的蛋白均不含PF00169和PF02893(图1)。这一结果表明,荔枝霜疫霉Atg26与真菌中的同源蛋白在结构域上差异极大。
通过在线工具ProtParam对6个候选蛋白进行理化性质分析表明,6个候选蛋白的氨基酸数目在707~1503 aa之间,多数蛋白在1200 aa以上,其分子量(molecular weight,Mw)在96.66~167.14 kDa之间,等电点(isoelectric point,IP)在6.39~8.59之间,脂溶指数(aliphatic index,AI)在80.11~90.53之间,亲水性平均值(GRAVY)均为负数,具有亲水性(表1)。通过在线工具SOPMA预测PlAtg26的二级结构,其二级结构以无规则卷曲为主,6个同源蛋白均不含β-折叠(表2)。在CELLO上预测候选蛋白的亚细胞定位情况,6个候选蛋白分别定位在不同的细胞位置(表2)。由此可以看出荔枝霜疫霉中的Atg26具有多样性,其可能参与多个细胞过程。
通过分析荔枝霜疫霉及已知ATG26基因结构,发现FgATG26、AoATG26均具有3个内含子,且其内含子的分布也有一定规律。在荔枝霜疫霉中,除PlATG26a外,其余同源基因均含有1个或2个内含子,且其内含子分布差异极大,但大多位于5′或3′末端(图2A)。
其他真菌中已知Atg26的PBD结构域分布在N端,而CAT结构域则在蛋白质的C端。通过NCBI Batch CD-Search对荔枝霜疫霉和已知Atg26的保守功能域进行分析,发现与hmmsearch结果一致,与其他已知Atg26不同,在荔枝霜疫霉中Atg26只含有CAT结构域而无PBD结构域。在荔枝霜疫霉中,CAT结构域均分布在Atg26蛋白的N端,但除PlAtg26a和PlAtg26f外,不同的同源蛋白的C端功能域具有显著差异,多数是含有不同糖基转移酶的催化结构域。根据基因结构和保守功能域的分析结果,荔枝霜疫霉的Atg26与其他真菌具有显著差异,且其同源蛋白之间也具有多样性,但是不同物种间Atg26中CAT结构域是保守的(图2B)。
为了探究Atg26蛋白的进化特征,通过不同物种的Atg26同源蛋白建立系统发育树做进化分析。进化关系分析表明,荔枝霜疫霉与大豆疫霉中的Atg26较为接近,二者存在对应关系。拟南芥中的同源蛋白较多且都源自同一分支。真菌的Atg26与家鼠中的同源蛋白似乎来自于同一个祖先,而与拟南芥和卵菌都不同。有趣的是,PlAtg26与大豆疫霉中的Atg26同源蛋白亲缘关系更近(图3)。
通过MEME对荔枝霜疫霉中Atg26及其他物种中的同源蛋白的保守基序进行分析,发现卵菌中的同源蛋白都含有两组保守基序,且其分布具有一定规律;而在真菌中,其保守基序多分布在蛋白质的C端,N端含有少量保守基序,这一结果也与NCBI Batch CD-Search保守功能域的分析结果相似。拟南芥中的Atg26同源蛋白只含有一组保守基序,且多数分布规律一样,与真菌同源蛋白的C端及卵菌同源蛋白的N端的保守基序具有相似的分布特征,该部分可能是UDP-葡萄糖基转移酶domain的编码氨基酸序列。而在家鼠的同源蛋白中仅有个别保守基序(图3)。综上表明,荔枝霜疫霉中的Atg26同源蛋白之间具有多样性,且不同物种中Atg26的CAT结构域具有保守性,但PBD结构域似乎是真菌中所特有的。
为了进一步分析荔枝霜疫霉中Atg26的功能,通过在线工具STRING预测恶疫霉(P. cactorum)中同源蛋白(表3)的互作蛋白网络。通过STRING预测,发现恶疫霉中与PlAtg26同源蛋白具有强相互作用的蛋白质基本一致(图4)。根据STRING数据库分析发现,这些蛋白位于细胞质或膜上,集中在细胞代谢过程中,也有少部分参与生物合成过程,具有催化活性、氧化还原活性或结合能力。
为了进一步确定荔枝霜疫霉中Atg26的蛋白功能,对恶疫霉中的分析结果在荔枝霜疫霉中进行分子对接分析。通过Blastp在荔枝霜疫霉数据库中查找10个互作蛋白的同源蛋白,只有PC110_g10050、PC110_g2990、PC110_g5868和PC110_g8861具有对应蛋白(Pl_g7383.t1、Pl_g9795.t1、Pl_g4663.t2、Pl_g8511.t1)。通过在线工具SWISS-MODEL对荔枝霜疫霉中的Atg26蛋白和上述4个蛋白进行同源建模。选择其中模板覆盖率较高的晶体结构(图5),通过GRAMM对其进行分子对接,在PDBePISA上分析分子对接结果,并通过PyMOL对其进行可视化(图6)。
PDBePISA结果显示,PlAtg26a与Pl_g7383之间自由能为–2.4 kcal/mol,PlAtg26f与Pl_g9795之间自由能为–15.2 kcal/mol,2个蛋白之间通过多个氢键和盐桥作用进行连接,并通过PyMOL对氢键作用进行可视化。PyMOL结果还显示,2个蛋白之间具有多个相互作用的氨基酸残基位点。这一结果表明,荔枝霜疫霉中Atg26蛋白的互作网络可参考恶疫霉中的分析结果,由此推断,荔枝霜疫霉中Atg26可能参与其细胞代谢过程,并具有催化活性。
由于PlAtg26缺乏GRAM功能域(该结构域在酵母中负责PAS定位),我们推测其可能通过其他途径实现定位。通过序列分析发现,PlAtg26b/c/d这三个亚型具有潜在的Atg8相互作用基序(Atg8-interacting motif,AIM),这可能是PlAtg26实现功能替代的关键结构[28]。因此,该试验以PlAtg26b为例,进一步分析PlAtg26的功能。以荔枝霜疫霉菌丝DNA为模板,PlATG26b-F/R为引物对PlAtg26b编码区进行扩增,扩增产物共4857 bp,与之前转录组测序结果一致(图7)。对其蛋白质序列进一步分析发现,PlAtg26b蛋白不含信号肽及跨膜结构域,但具有多个磷酸化位点,其中以丝氨酸和苏氨酸为主(图8)。PlAtg26b可能通过蛋白质磷酸化-去磷酸化反应进行信号传导,调控自噬的发生。
为进一步分析Atg26在荔枝霜疫霉中不同时期的作用,以荔枝霜疫霉菌丝(MY)阶段的样本作为对照,通过qRT-PCR分析PlATG26b在孢子囊(SP)、游动孢子(ZO)及侵染12、24、48、60 h的表达量发现,在游动孢子时期和侵染初期(12 h),PlATG26b表达量上调,而在孢子囊时期和侵染后期,PlATG26b的表达量并无明显变化(图9)。这一结果也说明Atg26在荔枝霜疫霉的无性繁殖及侵染阶段发挥重要作用。
细胞自噬是真核生物体内一种自我降解的过程,对于在发育的关键时期平衡能量来源和应对营养应激非常重要[29-30]。甾醇苷(sterol glycosides)广泛存在于细菌、真菌、植物和动物中,并参与许多基本的细胞功能[31-32]。Atg26(Ugt51)作为一种甾醇葡萄糖基转移酶,能够将某些甾醇转化成甾醇葡萄糖苷(SG)[12]。在毕赤酵母(P. pastoris)中,冗余的过氧化物酶体会通过巨自噬和微自噬2种方式降解。在过氧化物酶体微自噬过程中,冗余的过氧化物酶体会被液泡隔离膜(vacuolar sequestering membranes,VSMs)吞没,而VSMs的形成需要微噬膜装置(micropexophagic membrane apparatus,MIPA)的辅助[33-34]。SG的合成可以促进PAS的成熟及MIPA位点的形成,并增强过氧化物酶体的选择性降解[35-37]
荔枝霜疫霉属于卵菌门(Oomycetes),在系统发育上与真菌差异极大。在毕赤酵母中,PBD结构域和CAT结构域都是Atg26介导过氧化物酶体自噬所必需的[35]。但是在荔枝霜疫霉数据库中,并未发现同时含有PBD结构域和CAT结构域的蛋白,通过Blastp得到的同源蛋白只含有CAT结构域。在进一步对Atg26同源蛋白的保守基序分析时发现,除真菌外,大豆疫霉、拟南芥以及家鼠中也未发现含有PBD结构域的Atg26同源蛋白。在毕赤酵母中,Atg26通过其PBD结构域中的GRAM功能域与磷脂酰肌醇4’-磷酸(Phosphatidylinositol 4’-phosphate,PI4P)结合,从而定位于MIPA,并通过其催化结构域调控SG合成[35-36]。与大豆疫霉、致病疫霉和拟南芥相同,荔枝霜疫霉中的Atg26存在多个同源蛋白且无GRAM结构域,但通过PlAtg26的亚细胞定位分析发现,其同源蛋白分布在细胞的多个位置,我们推测在这些物种中Atg26可能通过其他未知的方式进行定位。在酿酒酵母中,Atg26具有与PpAtg26序列相似的3个相同功能域(PH、GRAM和UDPGT),但是ScAtg26的缺失并未影响其prApe1的成熟、巨自噬以及过氧化物酶体自噬,这也表明了不同生物体之间同源基因功能的差异性[20]
PlAtg26互作蛋白预测结果显示,其相互作用蛋白集中在细胞代谢过程,且具有催化活性及结合能力,此外,PlAtg26b/c/d具有潜在的AIM基序,也暗示着PlAtg26可能通过其互作蛋白来替代GRAM功能域的结合能力。蛋白质的翻译后修饰(post translational modifications,PTMs)参与多种细胞活动,磷酸化途径是研究最广泛的PTMs之一,其中,AMPK(AMP activated protein kinase)是自噬信号传导的重要因子[38-40]。通过生物信息学分析,在PlAtg26b蛋白中含有多个磷酸化位点,其可能通过磷酸化-去磷酸化反应进行自噬信号传导,调控荔枝霜疫霉的细胞活动。据报道,荔枝霜疫霉中的自噬相关蛋白大多数在游动孢子时期显著上调表达[15]。在本研究中,与菌丝相比,PlATG26b在游动孢子时期和侵染12 h上调表达,但是在孢子囊时期及侵染24~60 h的各阶段其表达量未明显提高。这也说明在荔枝霜疫霉中,Atg26对其生长发育及致病力具有重要影响。
本研究通过生物信息学鉴定了荔枝霜疫霉中的Atg26同源蛋白,并发现该蛋白与其他真菌中Atg26同源蛋白在结构上具有明显差异,暗示了Atg26在不同物种中的功能差异性。通过qRT-PCR分析发现,PlATG26b在荔枝霜疫霉的无性繁殖阶段及侵染初期具有重要作用。后续将进一步研究该基因功能,以便对荔枝霜疫霉病的发生和传播进行有效的预防和控制。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(32160614)
  • 海南省荔枝产业技术体系(HNARS-08)
  • 海南大学科研启动基金(KYQD(ZR)-20080)
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2025年第46卷第6期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.06.021
  • 接收时间:2025-02-19
  • 首发时间:2026-06-24
  • 出版时间:2025-06-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-02-19
  • 录用日期:2025-02-27
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(32160614)
海南省荔枝产业技术体系(HNARS-08)
海南大学科研启动基金(KYQD(ZR)-20080)
作者信息
    1.海南大学南繁学院(三亚南繁研究院)/海南大学热带农林学院,海南三亚 572025
    2.热带农林生物灾害绿色防控教育部重点实验室,海南海口 570228

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* 陈庆河(CHEN Qinghe),E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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