Article(id=1276529969610228141, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276529901037548535, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.06.009, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1734278400000, receivedDateStr=2024-12-16, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1742054400000, acceptedDateStr=2025-03-16, onlineDate=1782278061534, onlineDateStr=2026-06-24, pubDate=1750780800000, pubDateStr=2025-06-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1782278061534, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1782278061534, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1782278061534, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1276529901037548535, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, year='2025', volume='46', issue='6', pageStart='1279', pageEnd='1532', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1750780800000', pubDateStr='2025-06-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1782278045186, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782298980105, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1276617708544328532, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276529901037548535, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1276617708544328533, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276529901037548535, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1363, endPage=1375, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1276529969991909807, articleId=1276529969610228141, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=EN, title=Effects of Root Exudates and Cultivation Substrates on Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Hevea brasiliensis Seedlings, columnId=1236256434120348225, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, columnName=Plant Cultivation, Physiology & Biochemistry, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The influence of root exudates on neighboring plants is one of the important factors determining the coexistence status of plants and their neighbors. This study aimed to explore the effects of the root exudates of Stylosanthes guianensis and cultivation substrates on the growth and physiological characteristics of Hevea brasiliensis seedlings. We cultivated H. brasiliensis seedlings with distilled water, sterilized vermiculite, and soil as cultivation substrates, and compared the differences in biomass accumulation and distribution, aboveground and underground morphological characteristics and physiological characteristics of H. brasiliensis when they respectively were irrigated with nutrient solutions containing the root exudates of S. guianensis and containing their own root exudates. The results showed that in soil culture and distilled water culture, the aboveground biomass, underground biomass, total biomass, primary lateral root number, chlorophyll content, carotenoid content, soluble carbohydrate content and root vitality of H. brasiliensis seedlings under the treatment of S. guianensis root exudates were significantly higher than those under the treatment of their own root exudate (P<0.05), except for the difference of root-shoot ratio, plant height and root length. Moreover, except for root vitality, the increase extent of the indexes was distilled water culture > soil culture. The malondialdehyde (MDA) content of S. guianensis root exudate treatment was significantly lower than that of H. brasiliensis root exudate treatment (P<0.05). When cultured with sterilized vermiculite, there were no significant differences in biomass index, morphological index and MDA content of H. brasiliensis seedlings treated with root exudates of two kinds of plants, but chlorophyll content, carotenoid content, soluble sugar content, and root vitality were significantly increased under root exudates of S. guianensis treatment (P<0.05). The comprehensive evaluation of membership function of H. brasiliensis seedlings cultivated in the substrates under the treatment of root exudates of S. guianensis was higher than that of their own root exudates, and the comprehensive evaluation of cultivation substrates under the treatment of the same root exudates was vermiculite culture > distilled water culture > soil culture. It indicates that the root exudates of S. guianensis can significantly improve the physiological function of H. brasiliensis seedlings and promote their growth, but the response of H. brasiliensiss to root exudates is significantly affected by the cultivation substrate.

, authors=null, authorsList=Qishuang CHEN, Jian WANG, Xuefeng LI, Yuhang LUO, Shuping YANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Xuefeng LI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1276529974811165133, articleId=1276529969610228141, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=CN, title=根系分泌物和栽培基质对橡胶树幼苗生长与生理特性的影响, columnId=1236256434313286224, journalTitle=热带作物学报, columnName=作物栽培与生理生化, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

根系分泌物对邻居植物的影响是决定植物与邻居植物共存状态的重要因素之一。本研究旨在探究根系分泌物和栽培基质对橡胶树(Hevea brasiliensis)幼苗生长与生理特性的影响情况,分别以蒸馏水、灭菌蛭石和土壤为基质栽培橡胶树幼苗,比较浇灌含有柱花草(Stylosanthes guianensis)根系分泌物(SRE)的营养液和浇灌含有橡胶树自身根系分泌物(HRE)的营养液时,橡胶树的生物量累积与分配、地上部分与地下部分形态特征及生理特性的差异。结果表明:土壤栽培和蒸馏水栽培时,柱花草根系分泌物处理下,除根冠比、株高和根长差异不显著外,橡胶树幼苗的地上生物量、地下生物量、总生物量、一级侧根数、叶绿素含量、类胡萝卜素含量、可溶性糖含量和根系活力均显著高于自身根系分泌物处理(P<0.05),且除根系活力外,各指标的增幅均为蒸馏水栽培>土壤栽培;丙二醛含量为柱花草根系分泌物处理显著低于自身根系分泌物处理(P<0.05)。灭菌蛭石栽培时,2种根系分泌物处理下橡胶树的生物量和形态各指标及丙二醛含量均无显著差异,但叶绿素、类胡萝卜素和可溶性糖含量及根系活力均在柱花草根系分泌物处理下显著增大(P<0.05)。3种基质栽培的橡胶树幼苗在柱花草根系分泌物处理下的隶属函数综合评价均高于自身根系分泌物处理,且同种根系分泌物处理下栽培基质的综合评价均为蛭石栽培>蒸馏水栽培>土壤栽培。说明柱花草根系分泌物可显著提高橡胶树幼苗的生理机能,促进其生长状况,但橡胶树对根系分泌物的响应情况受栽培基质的影响显著。

, authors=

陈七双(2000—),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:热带植物资源及利用。

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* 李雪枫(LI Xuefeng),E-mail:
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陈七双(2000—),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:热带植物资源及利用。

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陈七双(2000—),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:热带植物资源及利用。

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Root exudates: from plant to rhizosphere and beyond[J]. Plant Cell Reports, 2020, 39(1): 3-17., articleTitle=Root exudates: from plant to rhizosphere and beyond, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276529986169340426, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276529969610228141, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=13, issue=2, pageStart=381, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=1, authorNames=AKTER P, AHMED A M A, PROMIE F K, HAQUE M E, journalName=Agronomy, refType=null, unstructuredReference=AKTER P, AHMED A M A, PROMIE F K, HAQUE M E. Root exudates of fifteen common weed species: phytochemical screening and allelopathic effects on T. aestivum L.[J]. 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Effects of root exudates on interspecific interference between Stylosanthes guianensis Sw. ‘Reyan No.2’ and Bidens pilosa L. at early growth stage[J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2022, 30(11): 3018-3025. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Effects of root exudates on interspecific interference between Stylosanthes guianensis Sw. ‘Reyan No.2’ and Bidens pilosa L. at early growth stage, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276529986391638541, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276529969610228141, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=16, issue=5, pageStart=849, pageEnd=864, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=4, authorNames=ZHOU X G, ZHANG J Y, RAHMAN M K U, GAO D M, WEI Z, WU F Z, DINI-ANDREOTE F, journalName=Molecular Plant, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHOU X G, ZHANG J Y, RAHMAN M K U, GAO D M, WEI Z, WU F Z, DINI-ANDREOTE F. 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Growth responses of Stylosanthes guianensis 'Reyan No.2' to root exudates from different relatives[J]. Pratacultural Science, 2022, 39(2): 309-317. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Growth responses of Stylosanthes guianensis 'Reyan No.2' to root exudates from different relatives, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276529986643296784, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276529969610228141, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=14, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=7, authorNames=ZHAO S G, ZHANG A, ZHAO Q Y, DONG Y P, SU L S, SUN Y, ZHU F F, HUA D L, XIONG W, journalName=Frontiers in Microbiology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHAO S G, ZHANG A, ZHAO Q Y, DONG Y P, SU L S, SUN Y, ZHU F F, HUA D L, XIONG W. The impact of main Areca Catechu root exudates on soil microbial community structure and function in coffee plantation soils[J]. 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(in Chinese), articleTitle=Inter-specific and intra-specific chemical interactions among plants, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276529986861400595, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276529969610228141, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=55, issue=6, pageStart=788, pageEnd=796, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=10, authorNames=李佳佳, 樊妙春, 上官周平, journalName=植物学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李佳佳, 樊妙春, 上官周平. 植物根系分泌物主要生态功能研究进展[J]. 植物学报, 2020, 55(6): 788-796., articleTitle=植物根系分泌物主要生态功能研究进展, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276529986932703764, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276529969610228141, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=55, issue=6, pageStart=788, pageEnd=796, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=11, authorNames=LI J J, FAN M C, SHANGGUAN Z P, journalName=Chinese Bulletin of Botany, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI J J, FAN M C, SHANGGUAN Z P. 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(in Chinese), articleTitle=Effects of aluminum toxicity on physiological and leaf chlorophyll fluorescent characteristics of rubber tree seedlings, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276529992527905356, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276529969610228141, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=38, issue=10, pageStart=1777, pageEnd=1783, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[42], rfOrder=66, authorNames=王立丰, 安锋, 王纪坤, 邹智, 赖华英, 谢贵水, journalName=热带作物学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王立丰, 安锋, 王纪坤, 邹智, 赖华英, 谢贵水. 不同旱害级别对开割和未开割橡胶树形态和生理特性的影响[J]. 热带作物学报, 2017, 38(10): 1777-1783., articleTitle=不同旱害级别对开割和未开割橡胶树形态和生理特性的影响, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276529992599208525, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276529969610228141, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=38, issue=10, pageStart=1777, pageEnd=1783, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[42], rfOrder=67, authorNames=WANG L F, AN F, WANG J K, ZOU Z, LAI H Y, XIE G S, journalName=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG L F, AN F, WANG J K, ZOU Z, LAI H Y, XIE G S. Effects of different drought grades on the morphological and physiological characterizations of tapping tree and virgin tree of Hevea brasiliensis[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2017, 38(10): 1777-1783. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Effects of different drought grades on the morphological and physiological characterizations of tapping tree and virgin tree of Hevea brasiliensis, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276529992662123086, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276529969610228141, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=42, issue=12, pageStart=2468, pageEnd=2479, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[43], rfOrder=68, authorNames=DUAN M C, LI L, DING G G, MA Z Q, journalName=Tree physiology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=DUAN M C, LI L, DING G G, MA Z Q. Leading nutrient foraging strategies shaping by root system characteristics along the elevations in rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) plantations[J]. 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(in Chinese), articleTitle=Interspecific below-ground interactions driven by root exudates in agroecosystems with diverse crops, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1276529985917682183, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276529969610228141, awardId=32260344, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金项目(32260344), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1276529985980596744, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276529969610228141, awardId=324RC444; 321RC471, language=CN, fundingSource=海南省自然科学基金项目(324RC444; 321RC471), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1276529975041851855, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276529969610228141, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276529975050240464, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276529969610228141, companyId=1276529975041851855, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education / School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276529975062823377, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276529969610228141, companyId=1276529975041851855, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=热带特色林木花卉遗传与种质创新教育部重点实验室/海南大学热带农林学院,海南海口 570228)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1276529982587404790, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276529969610228141, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Effects of root exudate and cultivation substrate on biomass accumulation and distribution of H. brasiliensis, figureFileSmall=a5AY1up6k+whDq6Gl8gUAw==, figureFileBig=2G4Ka5YDohlgq7H6vYA1eA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276529982650319351, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276529969610228141, language=CN, label=图1, caption=根系分泌物与栽培基质对橡胶树生物量积累与分配的影响

不同大写字母表示同一基质种植、不同根系分泌物处理间差异显著(P<0.05),不同小写字母表示同一根系分泌物处理、不同基质种植间差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=a5AY1up6k+whDq6Gl8gUAw==, figureFileBig=2G4Ka5YDohlgq7H6vYA1eA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276529983380128248, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276529969610228141, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Effects of root exudates and cultivation substrate on aboveground morphological characteristics of H. brasiliensis, figureFileSmall=2eT9+IAC0NatDky/k9QylQ==, figureFileBig=uMO94IO/JJOVYKcDBoyTKw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276529983459820025, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276529969610228141, language=CN, label=图2, caption=根系分泌物与栽培基质对橡胶树地上部形态特征的影响

不同大写字母表示同一基质种植、不同根系分泌物处理间差异显著(P<0.05),不同小写字母表示同一根系分泌物处理、不同基质种植间差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=2eT9+IAC0NatDky/k9QylQ==, figureFileBig=uMO94IO/JJOVYKcDBoyTKw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276529983531123194, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276529969610228141, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Effects of root exudates and cultivation substrate on underground morphological characteristics of H. brasiliensis, figureFileSmall=5U4B5jE+DHHOpYw07iefGA==, figureFileBig=gLrDtDRICrCttBiRX5NCng==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276529983791170043, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276529969610228141, language=CN, label=图3, caption=根系分泌物与栽培基质对橡胶树地下部形态特征的影响

不同大写字母表示同一基质种植、不同根系分泌物处理间差异显著(P<0.05),不同小写字母表示同一根系分泌物处理、不同基质种植间差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=5U4B5jE+DHHOpYw07iefGA==, figureFileBig=gLrDtDRICrCttBiRX5NCng==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276529983862473213, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276529969610228141, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Effects of root exudates and cultivation substrates on chlorophyll and carotenoid contents of H. brasiliensis, figureFileSmall=jhul5d6g6NbLTftf6291KQ==, figureFileBig=1jMUVpoyJPnrsJBXYJ/L8Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276529983929582078, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276529969610228141, language=CN, label=图4, caption=根系分泌物与栽培基质对橡胶树叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量的影响

不同大写字母表示同一基质种植、不同根系分泌物处理间差异显著(P<0.05),不同小写字母表示同一根系分泌物处理、不同基质种植间差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=jhul5d6g6NbLTftf6291KQ==, figureFileBig=1jMUVpoyJPnrsJBXYJ/L8Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276529984009273855, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276529969610228141, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Effects of root exudates and cultivation substrates on soluble carbohydrate and MDA contents of H. brasiliensis, figureFileSmall=SBMgVt67UGaLi7SjNfx+HQ==, figureFileBig=X73NQp/u4uqNTh9Vm+RQLQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276529984076382720, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276529969610228141, language=CN, label=图5, caption=根系分泌物与栽培基质对橡胶树可溶性糖和丙二醛含量的影响

不同大写字母表示同一基质种植、不同根系分泌物处理间差异显著(P<0.05),不同小写字母表示同一根系分泌物处理、不同基质种植间差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=SBMgVt67UGaLi7SjNfx+HQ==, figureFileBig=X73NQp/u4uqNTh9Vm+RQLQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276529984210600449, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276529969610228141, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=Effects of root exudates and cultivation substrate on root vitality of H. brasiliensis, figureFileSmall=ZBnRmbu+7GbYE35EHEHXUQ==, figureFileBig=qMdEJW7S1kNqgni3fDK35g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276529984273515010, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276529969610228141, language=CN, label=图6, caption=根系分泌物与栽培基质对橡胶树根系活力的影响

不同大写字母表示同一基质种植、不同根系分泌物处理间差异显著(P<0.05),不同小写字母表示同一根系分泌物处理、不同基质种植间差异显著(P<0.05)。

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Person correlation analysis between variables of H. brasiliensis

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橡胶树各指标间的Person相关性分析

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Comprehensive evaluation of membership function of each variable of H.brasiliensis under different treatments

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不同处理下橡胶树各指标的隶属函数综合评价

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根系分泌物和栽培基质对橡胶树幼苗生长与生理特性的影响
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陈七双 , 王坚 , 李雪枫 * , 罗宇航 , 杨舒萍
热带作物学报 | 作物栽培与生理生化 2025,46(6): 1363-1375
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热带作物学报 |作物栽培与生理生化 2025 , 46 (6) : 1363 -1375
根系分泌物和栽培基质对橡胶树幼苗生长与生理特性的影响
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陈七双, 王坚, 李雪枫* , 罗宇航, 杨舒萍
作者信息
  • 热带特色林木花卉遗传与种质创新教育部重点实验室/海南大学热带农林学院,海南海口 570228
通讯作者:
* 李雪枫(LI Xuefeng),E-mail:
Effects of Root Exudates and Cultivation Substrates on Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Hevea brasiliensis Seedlings
Qishuang CHEN, Jian WANG, Xuefeng LI* , Yuhang LUO, Shuping YANG
Affiliations
  • Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education / School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
出版时间: 2025-06-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.06.009
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根系分泌物对邻居植物的影响是决定植物与邻居植物共存状态的重要因素之一。本研究旨在探究根系分泌物和栽培基质对橡胶树(Hevea brasiliensis)幼苗生长与生理特性的影响情况,分别以蒸馏水、灭菌蛭石和土壤为基质栽培橡胶树幼苗,比较浇灌含有柱花草(Stylosanthes guianensis)根系分泌物(SRE)的营养液和浇灌含有橡胶树自身根系分泌物(HRE)的营养液时,橡胶树的生物量累积与分配、地上部分与地下部分形态特征及生理特性的差异。结果表明:土壤栽培和蒸馏水栽培时,柱花草根系分泌物处理下,除根冠比、株高和根长差异不显著外,橡胶树幼苗的地上生物量、地下生物量、总生物量、一级侧根数、叶绿素含量、类胡萝卜素含量、可溶性糖含量和根系活力均显著高于自身根系分泌物处理(P<0.05),且除根系活力外,各指标的增幅均为蒸馏水栽培>土壤栽培;丙二醛含量为柱花草根系分泌物处理显著低于自身根系分泌物处理(P<0.05)。灭菌蛭石栽培时,2种根系分泌物处理下橡胶树的生物量和形态各指标及丙二醛含量均无显著差异,但叶绿素、类胡萝卜素和可溶性糖含量及根系活力均在柱花草根系分泌物处理下显著增大(P<0.05)。3种基质栽培的橡胶树幼苗在柱花草根系分泌物处理下的隶属函数综合评价均高于自身根系分泌物处理,且同种根系分泌物处理下栽培基质的综合评价均为蛭石栽培>蒸馏水栽培>土壤栽培。说明柱花草根系分泌物可显著提高橡胶树幼苗的生理机能,促进其生长状况,但橡胶树对根系分泌物的响应情况受栽培基质的影响显著。

根系分泌物  /  栽培基质  /  生物量积累  /  光合色素  /  根系活力

The influence of root exudates on neighboring plants is one of the important factors determining the coexistence status of plants and their neighbors. This study aimed to explore the effects of the root exudates of Stylosanthes guianensis and cultivation substrates on the growth and physiological characteristics of Hevea brasiliensis seedlings. We cultivated H. brasiliensis seedlings with distilled water, sterilized vermiculite, and soil as cultivation substrates, and compared the differences in biomass accumulation and distribution, aboveground and underground morphological characteristics and physiological characteristics of H. brasiliensis when they respectively were irrigated with nutrient solutions containing the root exudates of S. guianensis and containing their own root exudates. The results showed that in soil culture and distilled water culture, the aboveground biomass, underground biomass, total biomass, primary lateral root number, chlorophyll content, carotenoid content, soluble carbohydrate content and root vitality of H. brasiliensis seedlings under the treatment of S. guianensis root exudates were significantly higher than those under the treatment of their own root exudate (P<0.05), except for the difference of root-shoot ratio, plant height and root length. Moreover, except for root vitality, the increase extent of the indexes was distilled water culture > soil culture. The malondialdehyde (MDA) content of S. guianensis root exudate treatment was significantly lower than that of H. brasiliensis root exudate treatment (P<0.05). When cultured with sterilized vermiculite, there were no significant differences in biomass index, morphological index and MDA content of H. brasiliensis seedlings treated with root exudates of two kinds of plants, but chlorophyll content, carotenoid content, soluble sugar content, and root vitality were significantly increased under root exudates of S. guianensis treatment (P<0.05). The comprehensive evaluation of membership function of H. brasiliensis seedlings cultivated in the substrates under the treatment of root exudates of S. guianensis was higher than that of their own root exudates, and the comprehensive evaluation of cultivation substrates under the treatment of the same root exudates was vermiculite culture > distilled water culture > soil culture. It indicates that the root exudates of S. guianensis can significantly improve the physiological function of H. brasiliensis seedlings and promote their growth, but the response of H. brasiliensiss to root exudates is significantly affected by the cultivation substrate.

root exudates  /  cultivation substrate  /  biomass accumulation  /  photosynthetic pigments  /  root vitality
陈七双, 王坚, 李雪枫, 罗宇航, 杨舒萍. 根系分泌物和栽培基质对橡胶树幼苗生长与生理特性的影响. 热带作物学报, 2025 , 46 (6) : 1363 -1375 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.06.009
Qishuang CHEN, Jian WANG, Xuefeng LI, Yuhang LUO, Shuping YANG. Effects of Root Exudates and Cultivation Substrates on Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Hevea brasiliensis Seedlings[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2025 , 46 (6) : 1363 -1375 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.06.009
植物根系分泌的有机酸、酚类、生物碱、萜烯等小分子次生代谢物和糖类、蛋白质等大分子化合物组成的复杂混合物统称根系分泌物[1],它们可能通过直接调节植物的生理特性和形态特征等性能影响邻近植物的生长[2-3],也可能通过改变土壤微生物群落、甚至土壤性质等植物生长微环境来影响邻近植物的生存[1,4],如积雪草(Centella asiatica)、龙葵(Solanum nigrum)等15种常见杂草的根分泌物可以降低小麦(Triticum aestivum)叶片的叶绿素含量和过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,增加丙二醛(MDA)含量,从而抑制小麦的生长[2];热研2号柱花草(Stylosanthes guianensis Reyan No. 2)根系分泌物使鬼针草(Bidens pilosa)的根生物量和根冠比显著增加,而株高、地上生物量和总生物量减少[5];洋葱(Allium cepa var. agrogatum)释放的根系分泌物通过促进特定芽孢杆菌在邻近番茄(Solanum lycopersicum)根际定殖,增加番茄对土壤传播疾病的抗性,改善其生长适应性[4];在咖啡(Coffea arabica)连作土壤中添加槟榔(Areca catechu)根系分泌物质不但显著提高土壤钾元素的有效性和有机质含量,还可以增强咖啡根际土壤的酶活性,促进微生物之间的协同作用,维持咖啡连作土壤的功能[6]。因此,根系分泌物被认为是介导植物之间相互识别与响应邻近植物的主要物质[7-8],同时植物对其邻近植物根系分泌物的响应差异在决策植物与其邻近植物的种间关系方面具有重要作用[5]
大戟科(Euphorbiaceae)橡胶树属(Hevea Aubl.)的橡胶树(Hevea brasiliensis)因其产物天然橡胶是中国重要的工业原料和战略物资,成为中国热带地区重要的经济作物之一[9]。在传统胶园建植中,橡胶树一般采用宽行种植(株行距2.5 m×8 m、密度495株/hm2)来保证有高产质优的胶乳产出[10],而橡胶树的单一种植可能会引发一些生态环境问题,例如土壤酸化、土壤质量下降、水分利用率降低以及水土流失等,还因橡胶树从种植到可以割胶产出一般需要6~8 a的时间,这也可能对经济带来一定的挑战[11-12]。针对这一现状,学者们进行了诸多研究与实践,已证明在可持续性发展的目标下,胶园林草间作是解决幼龄胶园建植问题、维持胶园生态系统整体健康和提高生产力的有效途径之一[13-14],特别是豆科植物因具有结瘤固氮、培肥土壤的特性,成为幼龄胶园林草间作的有效选择,在胶园间作种植豆科植物可有效改善胶园土壤环境[13,15]、提高土壤质量[16],从而利于橡胶树生长[17]。但现有研究均主要着眼于橡胶树与豆科植物间作后橡胶树的生长情况、土壤理化性质等的变化,未考查间作植物根系分泌物对橡胶树生长的影响和栽培基质对根系分泌物作用的影响,无法明确在橡胶树—豆科植物间作系统的生长表现中,植物种间直接竞争与根系分泌物介导的种间识别与响应之间的作用差异,不明了根系分泌物在间作系统植物互作中所起的作用。
因此,本研究以热区主要经济作物橡胶树幼苗为研究对象,收集含有优质豆科牧草热研2号柱花草根系分泌物的水培液,用其浇灌以水、土壤和蛭石为栽培基质种植的橡胶树幼苗,以浇灌含有橡胶树自身根系分泌物的水培液为对照,探讨在柱花草根系分泌物处理下不同基质栽培的橡胶树生长与生物量分配差异,分析橡胶树生理特性的变化,以期初步揭示柱花草根系分泌物和栽培基质对橡胶树生长与生理特性的调控潜力,为胶园林草间作系统构建与管理提供参考依据,为根系分泌物介导的橡胶树与间作植物的识别与响应提供理论基础。
供试植物:橡胶树选用我国自主选育品种热研73397(H. brasiliensis Reyan 73397),由中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所种苗基地提供其组培苗;柱花草选用我国热带、亚热带地区广泛种植的优质草本豆科牧草热研2号柱花草(S. guianensis Reyan No. 2),由中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所热带牧草中期备份库提供。
培养基质:供试蛭石直径3~6 mm,110℃经高压灭菌1 h后再次重复灭菌6次后备用;供试土壤为海南砖红壤,风干后筛除石子和其余杂质备用,土壤基本理化性质:pH 5.47,有机质含量为25.02 g/kg,全氮含量为0.61 g/kg,速效磷含量为2.14 mg/kg,速效钾含量为78.03 mg/kg。
取黑色塑料桶(上口径26 cm、下口径22 cm、高27 cm、底侧带有孔径6 mm排液开关)内盛放1/2 Hoagland营养液,橡胶树(株高约30 cm,3株/桶)或柱花草(株高约25 cm,6株/桶)植株的根系分别浸入营养液,茎基在塑料桶上口径处用泡沫板固定水培培养,每3 d补充营养液1次,以保持桶内水培液体积不变,连续培养12 d后收集含有橡胶树自身根系分泌物(HRE)或柱花草根系分泌物(SRE)的水培液进行后续试验。
参考王俐媛等[3]的方法采用随机区组设计,将株高约30 cm的橡胶树幼苗平均分为3组,每组24个重复,第1组用24 h通气的蒸馏水水培培养(简称水培),每3 d补充1次蒸馏水,保持水培液体积不变;第2组用灭菌蛭石为基质盆栽(简称蛭石栽培),第3组用供试土壤为基质盆栽(简称土培),蛭石和土壤基质盆栽均浇灌蒸馏水,每3 d浇灌1次;栽培所用桶和盆的大小一致(上口径22 cm,下口径19 cm,高26 cm),每盆/桶栽培1株。待植物稳定生长5 d后,将各组植物平均分为2个小组,每个小组12个重复,其中1个小组用收集的含有SRE的营养液更换部分水培液或浇灌盆栽橡胶树,每3 d更换/浇灌1次,每次更换量和浇灌量均为350 mL(使土壤基质的持水量为最大持水量的70%),以保证每盆植物受到等量根系分泌物的影响;另1个小组为对照,用相同的方法更换或浇灌含有橡胶树根系分泌物的营养液,简称HRE处理。每次取用含有柱花草或自身根系分泌物的水培液后及时补充营养液,使各桶内水培溶液体积保持恒定。
将同期发育的橡胶树在供体根系分泌物处理下生长45 d后,从桶或盆中取出植株并冲洗干净根系,将各处理下橡胶树的12个植株随机等分为2份,一份首先测量每株橡胶树的株高(plant height,PH,植株基部至主茎顶芽处的高度)和枝下高(under branch height,UBH,植株基部至树冠最低分枝点的垂直高度);再测量每株橡胶树的根系长度(root length,RL)和一级侧根数(primary lateral root number,PLR),然后用吸水纸吸干各处理橡胶树植株表面的水分,105 ℃杀青30 min后70 ℃烘干至恒重,用感量0.01 g天平测定每株橡胶树的地上部分生物量(above-ground biomass,AB)、地下部分生物量(under-ground biomass,UB),计算总生物量(total biomass,TB)和根冠比(root-shoot ratio,RSR);另一份在–80 ℃保存,参考王学奎等[18]的方法进行生理指标的测定,根系活力(root vitality,RV)测定采用TTC法,叶绿素含量(chlorophyll content,CL)、类胡萝卜素含量(carotenoid content,CD)、丙二醛含量(malondialdehyde content,MDA)测定均采用分光光度计法,可溶性糖含量(soluble carbohydrate content,SC)测定采用蒽酮比色法。
采用Microsoft Office Excel软件进行数据整理;使用IBM SPSS Statistics 21.0(SPSS Inc.,Chicago,IL,USA)中的一般线性模型(General Linear Model,GLM)进行单变量(Univariate)数据方差分析,将供体根系分泌物和栽培基质作为固定因子、各测定指标分别作为因变量进行主效应分析以及根系分泌物与栽培基质之间的交互效应分析;采用GraphPad Prism 9(GraphPad Software Inc.,San Diego,CA,USA)软件制图,各项数据均以平均值±标准差(Mean±SD)表示。用IBM SPSS Statistics 21.0软件作主成分分析和相关性分析[19],将方差和累积性状的隶属函数值乘以相应权重,进行累加并求平均值,对6个处理下橡胶树各项指标进行综合评价,综合评价值越大,表示该处理下橡胶树生长品质越高。
隶属函数计算公式如下:
式中,U(Xi)表示第i项指标的隶属函数值,Xi表示第i项指标的测定值,Ximax为第i项指标测定值的最大值,Ximin为第i项指标测定值的最小值,若某指标与橡胶树品种呈负相关,则用反隶属函数法进行计算:
各指标权重计算:
式中,Pi表示主成分分析下第i项指标的贡献率;Wi表示为第i项指标归一化在所有指标中的权重。为避免权重为负值,取,由于权重本质为相对数,所以线性变化不会影响权重作用结果,最终权重为:
综合评价值计算:
式中,D值为不同处理下橡胶树的综合评价值。
根系分泌物和栽培基质对橡胶树的生物量积累与分配均有显著影响,但二者的交互作用不显著(图1)。同种基质种植时,SRE处理下橡胶树的生物量积累均大于HRE处理(图1),但仅土培和水培时2种根系分泌物处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。其中土培时SRE处理下橡胶树的地上生物量(图1A)、地下生物量(图1B)、总生物量(图1C)分别比HRE处理显著增加29.24%、20.57%、26.10%(P<0.05);水培时分别显著增加33.71%、40.78%、35.20%(P<0.05);蛭石栽培时,2种根系分泌物处理间生物量均无显著差异(图1)。各栽培基质培养时,2种根系分泌物处理间橡胶树的根冠比均无显著差异(图1D)。
HRE处理下,橡胶树的地上生物量水培比土培时显著高38.88%(P<0.05),蛭石栽培与土培和水培间均无显著差异(图1A),地下生物量和总生物量在3种栽培基质培养时均无显著差异(图1B图1C)。SRE处理下,橡胶树的地上生物量在土培与蛭石栽培间无显著差异,水培分别比土培和蛭石栽培显著提高43.69%和26.44%(P<0.05,图1A),地下生物量在3种栽培基质间也无显著差异(图1B),总生物量水培比土培时显著提高28.58%(P<0.05),在蛭石栽培时与土培和水培间均无显著差异(图1C)。橡胶树的根冠比在2种根系分泌物处理下均为土培与蛭石栽培间无显著差异,但水培时均比土培与蛭石栽培时显著降低(P<0.05),SRE和HRE处理下的平均降幅分别为47.41%和58.76%(P<0.05,图1D)。
根系分泌物、栽培基质以及根系分泌物和栽培基质的交互作用对橡胶树的株高均无显著影响,各处理下橡胶树的株高之间均无显著差异(图2A);但根系分泌物、栽培基质以及根系分泌物和栽培基质的交互作用对橡胶树的枝下高均有显著影响(P<0.05,图2B)。土培和蛭石栽培时,2种根系分泌物处理下橡胶树的枝下高之间均无显著差异(图2B);水培时,SRE处理下橡胶树的枝下高比HRE处理显著提高61.40%(P<0.05,图2B)。HRE处理下,土培和蛭石栽培的橡胶树枝下高之间无显著差异,水培处理的枝下高分别比土培和蛭石栽培显著降低54.76%和49.55%(P<0.05);SRE处理下,3种栽培基质培养的橡胶树枝下高之间无显著差异(图2B)。
根系分泌物和栽培基质对橡胶树的地下部形态特征均有显著性影响,但二者的交互作用不显著(图3)。同种基质种植时,2种根系分泌物处理下橡胶树的根长之间均无显著差异(图3A),但SRE处理下橡胶树的一级侧根数均大于HRE处理,其中蛭石栽培时二者间无显著差异,土培和水培时SRE处理分别比HRE处理显著增加40.82%和18.52%(P<0.05,图3B)。
HRE处理下,橡胶树的根长在蛭石栽培时最长,比土培时显著提高40.03(P<0.05),而土培时比水培时显著提高92.88%(P<0.05,图3A);橡胶树一级侧根数在蛭石栽培和水培间无显著差异,二者的平均值比土培时显著提高34.66%(P<0.05,图3B)。SRE处理下,橡胶树的根长也在蛭石栽培时最高,比土培时显著提高26.12%(P<0.05),而土培时比水培时显著提高110.09%(P<0.05,图3A);橡胶树一级侧根数在蛭石栽培和土培间无显著差异,水培时比土培和蛭石栽培时分别显著提高39.13%和24.68%(P<0.05,图3B)。
根系分泌物、栽培基质以及根系分泌物和栽培基质的交互作用对橡胶树叶片的叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量均有显著影响(P<0.05,图4)。同种基质种植时,SRE处理下橡胶树的叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量均显著大于HRE处理(图4),其中SRE处理下橡胶树叶片的叶绿素含量在土培、蛭石栽培和水培时分别比HRE处理显著增大34.43%、48.70%和14.57%(P<0.05,图4A),类胡萝卜素含量分别比HRE处理显著增加68.54%、149.67%和24.41%(P<0.05,图4B)。
HRE处理下,土培时橡胶树的叶绿素含量最高,分别比蛭石栽培和水培显著提高14.53%和49.31%,蛭石栽培比水培显著提高30.37%(P<0.05,图4A);土培和水培橡胶树类胡萝卜素含量分别比蛭石栽培显著提高60.15%和36.32%(P<0.05,图4B),但二者间无显著差异。SRE处理下,土培和蛭石栽培时橡胶树的叶绿素含量间无显著差异,分别比水培时显著提高75.19%和69.20%(P<0.05,图4A);橡胶树的类胡萝卜素含量也呈现相同的变化趋势,土培和蛭石栽培间无显著差异,分别比水培时显著提高59.16%和47.22%(P<0.05,图4B)。
根系分泌物和栽培基质对橡胶树叶片的可溶性糖和丙二醛含量均有显著影响,但二者的交互作用影响不显著(图5)。同种基质种植时,SRE处理下橡胶树叶片的可溶性糖含量均显著高于HRE处理,土培、蛭石栽培和水培时分别显著提高18.91%、26.95%和22.50%(P<0.05,图5A);SRE处理下橡胶树叶片的丙二醛含量在蛭石栽培时与HRE处理间无显著差异,在土培和水培时分别比HRE处理显著降低8.46%和5.65%(P<0.05,图5B)。
HRE处理下,橡胶树叶片的可溶性糖和丙二醛含量均表现为水培显著高于土培和蛭石培养(P<0.05),而土培和蛭石培养间均无显著差异(图5)。SRE处理下,橡胶树叶片的可溶性糖含量在土培和蛭石栽培间无显著差异,但二者分别比水培时显著降低15.45%和17.15%(P<0.05,图5A);橡胶树叶片的丙二醛含量在蛭石栽培和水培间无显著差异,但二者分别比土培时显著增加13.90%和15.35%(P<0.05,图5B)。
根系分泌物、栽培基质及根系分泌物和栽培基质的交互作用均对橡胶树的根系活力有显著影响(图6)。同种基质种植时,SRE处理下橡胶树的根系活力均显著高于HRE处理,土培、蛭石栽培和水培时分别显著增加53.89%、19.27%和73.83%(P<0.05)。HRE处理下,橡胶树的根系活力为蛭石栽培时最大,比水培时显著提高77.82%(P<0.05),而水培时的根系活力比土培时又显著提高75.77%(P<0.05);SRE处理下的橡胶树根系活力在3种栽培基质间呈现同样的变化趋势,蛭石栽培时最大,比水培时显著增大22.01%(P<0.05),而水培时的根系活力比土培时显著提高98.54%(P<0.05)。
表1可知,橡胶树的地上生物量与叶片可溶性糖含量、一级侧根数呈极显著正相关,与根冠比呈极显著负相关(P<0.01),与根系活力呈显著正相关(P<0.05);总生物量与可溶性糖含量、根系活力均呈极显著正相关,与一级侧根数呈显著正相关;地下生物量与枝下高、根长和根系活力均呈极显著正相关,与叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量均显著正相关;根冠比与根长和叶绿素含量均呈极显著正相关,与一级侧根数、可溶性糖含量和丙二醛含量均呈极显著负相关。株高与枝下高呈显著正相关;枝下高与叶绿素含量呈显著正相关,与丙二醛含量呈极显著负相关;根长与叶绿素含量呈极显著正相关,与根系活力呈显著正相关,与可溶性糖含量呈极显著负相关;一级侧根数与可溶性糖含量和根系活力均呈极显著正相关。可溶性糖含量与根系活力、丙二醛、叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量的关系均不显著,但丙二醛含量与叶绿素含量呈极显著负相关(P<0.01),与类胡萝卜素含量呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。
表2可知,同种栽培基质培养下,SRE处理的综合评价均高于HRE处理组;同种根系分泌物处理下,栽培基质的综合评价顺序均为:蛭石栽培>水培>土培。2种根系分泌物、3种栽培基质6种处理下橡胶树生长的综合评价顺序为:“柱花草根系分泌物—蛭石栽培”>“柱花草根系分泌物—水培”>“柱花草根系分泌物—土培”>“自身根系分泌物—蛭石栽培”>“自身根系分泌物—水培”>“自身根系分泌物—土培”。
与同种或异种邻居植物间的相互作用是引起植物生长响应的重要途径[7,21],植物能够通过调整地上和地下生物量分配策略或形态特征来适应环境变化,保障个体的生长和生存[20,22-24];而邻居植物的根系分泌物是影响植物生长的重要因素之一[7,25-27]。本研究发现,在水培条件下,与自身根系分泌物处理相比,柱花草根系分泌物显著提高橡胶树幼苗的地上和地下生物量、枝下高和一级侧根数,但对根冠比、株高和根长无显著影响,由此可推测柱花草根系分泌物有利于橡胶树幼苗的生物量积累及根系扩展,但对纵向生长作用不显著。这一结果也佐证了根系分泌物带有邻居植物高度特异性身份线索,植物可根据接收到的根系分泌物调整生长响应[28],水培时橡胶树对柱花草根系分泌物的生长响应主要在于生物量积累、一级侧根数的增殖和枝下高的变化。
植物的资源分配格局反映了植物在一定环境条件下的适合度和植物与环境的互馈关系[29]。采用水培法探究根系分泌物对植物间识别与响应的作用虽然避免了其他信号干扰,但也阻碍了固相基质、土壤微生物和土壤养分等因素对其影响情况的了解[26]。灭菌蛭石栽培时,柱花草根系分泌物处理下橡胶树的各生长指标与自身根系分泌物处理相比均无显著差异,而土培条件下,除根冠比、株高、枝下高和根长无显著差异外,橡胶树的其他生长指标的变化与水培时一致,均表现为显著高于自身根系分泌物处理,且生物量积累指标的增幅均为水培>土培,与陈青等[30]水培比沙培下橡胶树幼苗的生物量及生长表现更优的研究结果相似。这一结果不但表明柱花草根系分泌物在土壤中也能促进橡胶树生物量积累和形态调整,也说明根系分泌物对植物生长的作用情况可能受栽培基质的质地结构、微生物群落结构、通气性等的显著影响。
发达的根系有助于植物调动和吸收土壤养分[31],特别是较高的根长和侧根数可提高植物的资源捕获能力[32]。柱花草根系分泌物处理下,3种栽培基质间橡胶树幼苗的株高、枝下高和地下生物量均无显著差异,地上生物量、总生物量和一级侧根数均为水培时最高,根长和根冠比均为水培时最低,且除蛭石栽培时的根长显著大于土培时外,其他指标在蛭石栽培与土培间均无显著差异,再次说明栽培基质显著影响植物根系分泌物介导的橡胶树生长响应,特别是地下部响应。原因可能在于固相基质较大的物理阻力促使橡胶树幼苗的根系优先向土壤深层生长,通过深扎获取养分等资源,而液相基质相对较差的通气性使橡胶树幼苗优先分生侧根,在基质浅层获取资源,向地下部分配的生物量减少。与灭菌蛭石相比,土壤颗粒物的吸附、土壤微生物的降解和营养物质的多寡等都可能影响植物根系分泌物成分[1,4,27],土壤微生物的分泌物也会改变植物根系分泌物的组成与分布[33],致使根系分泌物介导的植物间的识别与响应结果也有所变化。土壤中各组分对柱花草根系分泌物与橡胶树生长之间关系的具体影响尚需进一步研究。
植物叶绿素含量和根系活力与植物的光合作用及新陈代谢强度密切相关[34-35],类胡萝卜素是植物体中重要的非酶促类抗氧化物质[36],可溶性糖调节碳水化合物的运转和利用[37],而丙二醛含量可直观反映不良环境条件下细胞质膜受伤害的程度[38]。诸多研究已表明,邻居植物的根系分泌物可显著影响植物的生理特性[39-40]。本研究发现,3种栽培基质培养的橡胶树幼苗叶绿素含量、类胡萝卜素含量、可溶性糖含量和根系活力均为柱花草根系分泌物处理显著高于自身根系分泌物处理,蛭石栽培的橡胶树幼苗丙二醛含量在2种根系分泌物处理间无显著差异,而土培和水培均为柱花草根系分泌物处理显著低于自身根系分泌物处理,由此可推测柱花草根系分泌物可能通过提高橡胶树的光合能力、抗氧化性、碳水化合物的运转速率和根系吸收能力等生理途径来有效增强其对栽培基质中各种不良因子的抗性,从而增强橡胶树的生长。
橡胶树在胁迫环境下易出现细胞膜结构损伤,MDA含量增加,细胞功能受损使叶片中的可溶性糖等代谢产物不能顺利输送到根部而在叶部积累[41]。王立丰等[42]的研究也指出,胁迫环境下橡胶树叶片中的叶绿素和类胡萝卜素均显著降低,而MDA和可溶性糖含量显著升高。柱花草根系分泌物处理下,3种栽培基质培养的橡胶树幼苗叶绿素、类胡萝卜素和可溶性糖含量均在蛭石栽培与土培间无显著差异、水培时色素含量显著降低而可溶性糖含量显著增大,丙二醛含量和根系活力均在土培时最低,蛭石栽培和水培时显著增高,由此推测,液相基质对橡胶树幼苗的生长胁迫显著大于固相基质,水培时橡胶树幼苗相对更优的生物量积累是植物体内抗氧化物质(如类胡萝卜素)和渗透调节物质(如可溶性糖)等协同缓解的结果,还需要对其他相关抗氧化酶的活性及其他调节物质含量等进一步研究来验证。
本研究中,橡胶树的生物量累积与分配指标对根系分泌物和栽培基质的交互作用均无显著响应,形态指标中仅枝下高有显著响应,生理指标中叶绿素含量、类胡萝卜素含量和根系活力均受到显著影响,推测根系分泌物和栽培基质的交互作用主要影响橡胶树幼苗的光合能力和根系吸收能力,进而影响其形态调整,对生物量分配策略的影响相对较小。此外,本研究发现,橡胶树幼苗的地上生物量与一级侧根数、根系活力和可溶性糖含量呈显著正相关,地下生物量与枝下高、根长、根系活力、叶绿素含量和类胡萝卜素含量呈显著正相关,但还未明确地上部与地下部生物量累积与分配主要受哪些指标的影响。DUAN等[43]研究已指出,根系构型在决定橡胶树养分获取中发挥着主导作用,因此,还需要对根系分泌物和栽培基质共同作用下橡胶树的根系构型进行进一步研究。
柱花草根系分泌物处理下3种栽培基质培养的橡胶树幼苗生长与生理情况的隶属函数综合评价均高于自身根系分泌物处理,且同种根系分泌物处理下栽培基质的综合评价均表现为蛭石栽培>水培>土培。由此既可推测栽培基质中有柱花草根系分泌物比自身根系分泌物更能有效增加橡胶树光合色素和可溶性糖的合成,增强其根系活力,从而提高橡胶树幼苗的光合能力、增强其养分吸收与转运能力,使橡胶树在柱花草为其间作植物时能生长更佳,这与HU等[13]胶园行间间作柱花草的生长效应一致,也可推测透气和保水性能良好的固相基质更利于根系分泌物发挥其作用。这一研究结果充分说明植物的生长状况受邻居植物根系分泌物的显著影响[7,25,27],植物根系分泌物可能直接或间接参与地下部的相互作用,从而影响邻居植物的表现[27,44]。因此,在林草间作系统构建中,必须重视根系分泌物介导的相邻植物间的生长和生理响应,利用根系分泌物来强化种间促进作用,提高资源利用率,实现农业生态系统可持续发展。
(1)柱花草根系分泌物能够显著促进橡胶树幼苗的地上、地下生物量积累,增加其一级侧根数以及根系活力、可溶性糖含量、叶绿素含量和类胡萝卜素含量,但栽培基质显著影响橡胶树幼苗对柱花草根系分泌物的响应,特别是地下部响应。
(2)橡胶树幼苗的枝下高、叶绿素含量、类胡萝卜素含量和根系活力受根系分泌物和栽培基质交互作用的显著影响,地上生物量与一级侧根数、根系活力和可溶性糖含量呈显著正相关,地下生物量与枝下高、根长、根系活力、叶绿素含量和类胡萝卜素含量呈显著正相关。橡胶树幼苗在蒸馏水、灭菌蛭石和土壤栽培下生长情况的隶属函数综合评价均高于自身根系分泌物处理。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(32260344)
  • 海南省自然科学基金项目(324RC444; 321RC471)
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2025年第46卷第6期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.06.009
  • 接收时间:2024-12-16
  • 首发时间:2026-06-24
  • 出版时间:2025-06-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-12-16
  • 录用日期:2025-03-16
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国家自然科学基金项目(32260344)
海南省自然科学基金项目(324RC444; 321RC471)
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    热带特色林木花卉遗传与种质创新教育部重点实验室/海南大学热带农林学院,海南海口 570228

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* 李雪枫(LI Xuefeng),E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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