Article(id=1277240163935850573, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1277239982603502113, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.05.018, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1737648000000, receivedDateStr=2025-01-24, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1740067200000, acceptedDateStr=2025-02-21, onlineDate=1782447385056, onlineDateStr=2026-06-26, pubDate=1748102400000, pubDateStr=2025-05-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1782447385056, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-26, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1782447385056, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1782447385056, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1277239982603502113, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, year='2025', volume='46', issue='5', pageStart='1025', pageEnd='1277', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1748102400000', pubDateStr='2025-05-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1782447341824, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782447947315, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1277242522292319215, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1277239982603502113, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1277242522292319216, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1277239982603502113, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1197, endPage=1207, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1277240164770517071, articleId=1277240163935850573, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=EN, title=Effects of Mycorrhizal Fungi on Seed Germination of Bletilla striata var. Alba, columnId=1236256434120348225, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, columnName=Plant Cultivation, Physiology & Biochemistry, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Bletilla striata var. Alba is a variant of B. striata which possesses high ornamental and medicinal value. However, there have been no reports on its seed germination and propagation to date. In this study, using the seeds of B. Striata var. Alba as the experimental material, indoor seed germination tests and pot tests were carried out to investigate the effects of mycorrhizal fungi from different sources (MB-15, MB-18, MH1-E and YDLXB) on seed germination and seedling growth. The results demonstrated that various mycorrhizal fungi had different effects on promoting the germination of B. striata var. Alba seeds. Among them, the Sebacina fungus MB-18, derived from the roots of B. striata, exhibited an extremely significant promotional effect. Compared with the control treatment, the germination rate and seedling formation rate in the petri dish experiment increased by 10.76% and 20.55% respectively, while in the pot validation test was 36.95% and 355.78%, respectively. Moreover, when sown directly, the seeds of B. striata var. Alba could germinate, but the seedling formation process was hindered. However, compatible mycorrhizal fungi (MB-15, MB-18, MH1-E and YDLXB) effectively promoted the formation of seedlings. The results are of great significance for the germplasm conservation, large-scale seedling breeding and sustainable utilization of B. striata var. Alba.

, authors=null, authorsList=Yulin PU, Weichang HUANG, Qingjun HUANG, Shanmin LI, Qiaoning REN, Xinhua ZENG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Xinhua ZENG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1277240168662831197, articleId=1277240163935850573, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=CN, title=菌根真菌促白花白及种子萌发影响研究, columnId=1236256434313286224, journalTitle=热带作物学报, columnName=作物栽培与生理生化, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

白花白及为白及的变种,具有较高的观赏和药用价值,目前尚无其种子萌发和繁育的研究报道。本研究以白花白及种子作为试验材料,开展室内种子萌发和盆栽验证试验,研究不同来源菌根真菌(MB-15、MB-18、MH1-E和YDLXB)对白花白及种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:不同菌根真菌对白花白及种子的促萌发效果存在差异,其中以来源于白及菌根的蜡壳菌属真菌MB-18的促进作用最为显著,其室内共生萌发种子萌发率和幼苗率较对照分别提高10.76%和20.55%,盆栽试验中则分别提高了36.95%和355.78%。此外,直播条件下白花白及种子能够萌发,但其幼苗的形成过程受到限制,而供试的菌根真菌(MB-15、MB-18、MH1-E和YDLXB)则可有效地促进幼苗的形成。本研究结果对白花白及的种质资源保护、种苗规模化繁育和可持续利用具有重要意义。

, authors=

浦雨琳(2000—),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:兰科植物与菌根真菌共生。

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* 曾歆花(ZENG Xinhua),E-mail:
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浦雨琳(2000—),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:兰科植物与菌根真菌共生。

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浦雨琳(2000—),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:兰科植物与菌根真菌共生。

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(in Chinese), articleTitle=Interaction between tissue-cultured seedlings of Dendrobium officinale and mycorrhizal fungus (Epulorhiza sp.), refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1277240193870598307, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240163935850573, awardId=2021-02-08-00-12-F00778, language=CN, fundingSource=上海市农业科技创新项目(2021-02-08-00-12-F00778), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1277240194143228068, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240163935850573, awardId=G242413, language=CN, fundingSource=上海市绿化和市容管理局科技攻关项目(G242413), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1277240194264862885, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240163935850573, awardId=G252413, language=CN, fundingSource=上海市绿化和市容管理局科技攻关项目(G252413), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1277240169770127455, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240163935850573, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1277240169799487584, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240163935850573, companyId=1277240169770127455, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.School of Ecological Technology and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1277240169812070497, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240163935850573, companyId=1277240169770127455, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.上海应用技术大学生态技术与工程学院,上海 201418)]), AuthorCompany(id=1277240171191996516, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240163935850573, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1277240171204579428, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240163935850573, companyId=1277240171191996516, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden / Eastern China Conservation Centre for Wild Endangered Plant Resources, Shanghai 201602, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1277240171212968037, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240163935850573, companyId=1277240171191996516, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.上海辰山植物园/华东野生濒危资源植物保育中心,上海 201602)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1277240185700094096, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240163935850573, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Maximum-likelihood (ML) tree constructed based on rDNA-ITS sequences

Number of nodes represents support values.

, figureFileSmall=fFD06f125OT+fS2LltBNtw==, figureFileBig=g0G0qNTgJfcn4AZsde4Nmw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277240185783980177, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240163935850573, language=CN, label=图1, caption=基于核糖体ITS序列构建的最大似然法(ML)系统发育树

节点上的数字表示支持率。

, figureFileSmall=fFD06f125OT+fS2LltBNtw==, figureFileBig=g0G0qNTgJfcn4AZsde4Nmw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277240186547343506, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240163935850573, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Developmental stages of asymbiotic seed germination of B. striata var. Alba

A: Stage 0; B, C: Stage 1; D: Stage 2;. E-G: Stage 3.

, figureFileSmall=YH2zY+315Q3oIkqrye+ImQ==, figureFileBig=TCwK7xLKdvKj4+8nnZJPPQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277240186966773907, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240163935850573, language=CN, label=图2, caption=白花白及种子无菌萌发发育阶段

A:阶段0;B、C:阶段1;D:阶段2;E~G:阶段3。

, figureFileSmall=YH2zY+315Q3oIkqrye+ImQ==, figureFileBig=TCwK7xLKdvKj4+8nnZJPPQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277240187029688468, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240163935850573, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Germination of B. striata var. Alba under different treatments in seed germination test

A: 15 d; B: 35 d; C, D: 115 d. Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference (P<0.05).

, figureFileSmall=88x3ZkXjE6aJGpTLTdp/bw==, figureFileBig=16j+j7UQe3VwkTRc2d1D1w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277240187100991637, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240163935850573, language=CN, label=图3, caption=种子萌发试验中不同处理白花白及的萌发情况

A:15 d;B:35 d;C、D:115 d。不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=88x3ZkXjE6aJGpTLTdp/bw==, figureFileBig=16j+j7UQe3VwkTRc2d1D1w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277240189097480342, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240163935850573, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Germination of B. striata var. Alba under different treatments in pot test

A: 25 d; B: 50 d; C: 105 d. Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference (P<0.05).

, figureFileSmall=Deo0SOyzI3SuUE4qtWBiXw==, figureFileBig=a3K+wuB1pOe6w9AvvRDQOg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277240189172977816, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240163935850573, language=CN, label=图4, caption=盆栽试验中不同处理白花白及的萌发情况

A:25 d;B:50 d;C:105 d。不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=Deo0SOyzI3SuUE4qtWBiXw==, figureFileBig=a3K+wuB1pOe6w9AvvRDQOg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277240189542076569, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240163935850573, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Seed germination of B. striata var. Alba at different culture time under different fungal treatments, figureFileSmall=ISyuG+e5hgIaYTZfMQ6FqA==, figureFileBig=BY3K4ztIm1GbKQ9ckctiVA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277240189630156954, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240163935850573, language=CN, label=图5, caption=不同培养时间不同处理白花白及的萌发情况, figureFileSmall=ISyuG+e5hgIaYTZfMQ6FqA==, figureFileBig=BY3K4ztIm1GbKQ9ckctiVA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277240190028615835, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240163935850573, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=Colonization of mycorrhiza fungi in root of B. striata var. Alba, figureFileSmall=hMFyDb5E6vdvwJfOhbeWTQ==, figureFileBig=YU+1pUPIUfkRqInNGXrtTw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277240190355771548, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240163935850573, language=CN, label=图6, caption=菌根真菌在白花白及根内的定殖情况

A: CK; B: MB-15; C: MB-18; D: MH1-E; E: YDLXB.

, figureFileSmall=hMFyDb5E6vdvwJfOhbeWTQ==, figureFileBig=YU+1pUPIUfkRqInNGXrtTw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277240190448046237, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240163935850573, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Molecular identification of tested strains

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
菌株Strain拉丁名称Latin name中文名称Chinese name来源Source登录号Accession No.同源性Identity/%
MB-15Sebacina sp.蜡壳菌属白及根系PQ61054399.64
MB-18Sebacina sp.蜡壳菌属白及根系PQ61054499.64
MH1-EUncultured Sebacina蜡壳菌属蒙自兰原球茎PQ62811693.33
YDLXBSerendipita indica印度梨形孢植物广谱内生菌PQ89950298.71
), ArticleFig(id=1277240190808756382, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240163935850573, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

供试菌株的分子鉴定

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
菌株Strain拉丁名称Latin name中文名称Chinese name来源Source登录号Accession No.同源性Identity/%
MB-15Sebacina sp.蜡壳菌属白及根系PQ61054399.64
MB-18Sebacina sp.蜡壳菌属白及根系PQ61054499.64
MH1-EUncultured Sebacina蜡壳菌属蒙自兰原球茎PQ62811693.33
YDLXBSerendipita indica印度梨形孢植物广谱内生菌PQ89950298.71
), ArticleFig(id=1277240191299489951, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240163935850573, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Different germination stages of B. striata var. Alba seeds

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
阶段Stage描述Description
0未萌发的种子
1种胚吸水膨胀,呈绿色(视为种子萌发)
2种胚膨大,突破种皮至出现原分生组织(原球茎形成和发育阶段)
3长出第1片叶片及后续生长(幼苗分化和发育阶段)
), ArticleFig(id=1277240191584702624, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240163935850573, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

白花白及种子不同萌发阶段

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
阶段Stage描述Description
0未萌发的种子
1种胚吸水膨胀,呈绿色(视为种子萌发)
2种胚膨大,突破种皮至出现原分生组织(原球茎形成和发育阶段)
3长出第1片叶片及后续生长(幼苗分化和发育阶段)
), ArticleFig(id=1277240191718920353, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240163935850573, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

Growth and development index of B. striata var. Alba in different treatments

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标IndexCKMB-15MB-18MH1-EYDLXB
株高/mm1.74±0.07b10.28±1.22a11.74±0.50a11.21±0.49a12.05±0.87a
叶长/mm0.83±0.10c9.83±0.89a10.14±0.75a6.91±0.87b9.02±1.03ab
叶宽/mm0.45±0.05c2.55±0.38b3.75±0.29a2.54±0.25b3.16±0.26ab
叶数1.00±0.00b2.80±0.37a2.60±0.24a3.00±0.32a2.80±0.20a
球茎粗/mm1.24±0.19b1.36±0.20b2.38±0.29a1.13±0.11b2.00±0.20a
根长/mm0.00±0.00b6.94±0.81a5.56±1.18a4.57±0.60a6.57±1.33a
根粗/mm0.00±0.00b0.56±0.07a0.72±0.11a0.53±0.09a0.57±0.04a
根数0.00±0.00c1.80±0.37ab2.40±0.24a1.40±0.24b1.80±0.20ab
鲜质量/g0.0007±0.0002c0.0219±0.0023b0.0346±0.0034a0.0156±0.0028b0.0383±0.0013a
), ArticleFig(id=1277240192016715938, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240163935850573, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同处理白花白及的生长发育指标

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标IndexCKMB-15MB-18MH1-EYDLXB
株高/mm1.74±0.07b10.28±1.22a11.74±0.50a11.21±0.49a12.05±0.87a
叶长/mm0.83±0.10c9.83±0.89a10.14±0.75a6.91±0.87b9.02±1.03ab
叶宽/mm0.45±0.05c2.55±0.38b3.75±0.29a2.54±0.25b3.16±0.26ab
叶数1.00±0.00b2.80±0.37a2.60±0.24a3.00±0.32a2.80±0.20a
球茎粗/mm1.24±0.19b1.36±0.20b2.38±0.29a1.13±0.11b2.00±0.20a
根长/mm0.00±0.00b6.94±0.81a5.56±1.18a4.57±0.60a6.57±1.33a
根粗/mm0.00±0.00b0.56±0.07a0.72±0.11a0.53±0.09a0.57±0.04a
根数0.00±0.00c1.80±0.37ab2.40±0.24a1.40±0.24b1.80±0.20ab
鲜质量/g0.0007±0.0002c0.0219±0.0023b0.0346±0.0034a0.0156±0.0028b0.0383±0.0013a
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菌根真菌促白花白及种子萌发影响研究
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浦雨琳 1, 2 , 黄卫昌 2 , 黄清俊 1 , 李善敏 2 , 任俏宁 1, 2 , 曾歆花 2, *
热带作物学报 | 作物栽培与生理生化 2025,46(5): 1197-1207
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热带作物学报 |作物栽培与生理生化 2025 , 46 (5) : 1197 -1207
菌根真菌促白花白及种子萌发影响研究
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2.上海辰山植物园/华东野生濒危资源植物保育中心,上海 201602, bio={"content":"

浦雨琳(2000—),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:兰科植物与菌根真菌共生。

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浦雨琳(2000—),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:兰科植物与菌根真菌共生。

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浦雨琳1, 2, 黄卫昌2, 黄清俊1, 李善敏2, 任俏宁1, 2, 曾歆花2, *
作者信息
  • 1.上海应用技术大学生态技术与工程学院,上海 201418
  • 2.上海辰山植物园/华东野生濒危资源植物保育中心,上海 201602
通讯作者:
* 曾歆花(ZENG Xinhua),E-mail:
Effects of Mycorrhizal Fungi on Seed Germination of Bletilla striata var. Alba
Yulin PU1, 2, Weichang HUANG2, Qingjun HUANG1, Shanmin LI2, Qiaoning REN1, 2, Xinhua ZENG2, *
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Ecological Technology and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China
  • 2.Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden / Eastern China Conservation Centre for Wild Endangered Plant Resources, Shanghai 201602, China
出版时间: 2025-05-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.05.018
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白花白及为白及的变种,具有较高的观赏和药用价值,目前尚无其种子萌发和繁育的研究报道。本研究以白花白及种子作为试验材料,开展室内种子萌发和盆栽验证试验,研究不同来源菌根真菌(MB-15、MB-18、MH1-E和YDLXB)对白花白及种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:不同菌根真菌对白花白及种子的促萌发效果存在差异,其中以来源于白及菌根的蜡壳菌属真菌MB-18的促进作用最为显著,其室内共生萌发种子萌发率和幼苗率较对照分别提高10.76%和20.55%,盆栽试验中则分别提高了36.95%和355.78%。此外,直播条件下白花白及种子能够萌发,但其幼苗的形成过程受到限制,而供试的菌根真菌(MB-15、MB-18、MH1-E和YDLXB)则可有效地促进幼苗的形成。本研究结果对白花白及的种质资源保护、种苗规模化繁育和可持续利用具有重要意义。

白花白及  /  菌根真菌  /  种子萌发  /  盆栽试验

Bletilla striata var. Alba is a variant of B. striata which possesses high ornamental and medicinal value. However, there have been no reports on its seed germination and propagation to date. In this study, using the seeds of B. Striata var. Alba as the experimental material, indoor seed germination tests and pot tests were carried out to investigate the effects of mycorrhizal fungi from different sources (MB-15, MB-18, MH1-E and YDLXB) on seed germination and seedling growth. The results demonstrated that various mycorrhizal fungi had different effects on promoting the germination of B. striata var. Alba seeds. Among them, the Sebacina fungus MB-18, derived from the roots of B. striata, exhibited an extremely significant promotional effect. Compared with the control treatment, the germination rate and seedling formation rate in the petri dish experiment increased by 10.76% and 20.55% respectively, while in the pot validation test was 36.95% and 355.78%, respectively. Moreover, when sown directly, the seeds of B. striata var. Alba could germinate, but the seedling formation process was hindered. However, compatible mycorrhizal fungi (MB-15, MB-18, MH1-E and YDLXB) effectively promoted the formation of seedlings. The results are of great significance for the germplasm conservation, large-scale seedling breeding and sustainable utilization of B. striata var. Alba.

Bletilla striata var. Alba  /  mycorrhizal fungi  /  seed germination  /  pot test
浦雨琳, 黄卫昌, 黄清俊, 李善敏, 任俏宁, 曾歆花. 菌根真菌促白花白及种子萌发影响研究. 热带作物学报, 2025 , 46 (5) : 1197 -1207 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.05.018
Yulin PU, Weichang HUANG, Qingjun HUANG, Shanmin LI, Qiaoning REN, Xinhua ZENG. Effects of Mycorrhizal Fungi on Seed Germination of Bletilla striata var. Alba[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2025 , 46 (5) : 1197 -1207 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.05.018
兰科植物种子细小,无胚乳,自然条件下种子的成功萌发和早期原球茎阶段均需要菌根真菌的定殖,对菌根真菌有着不同程度的依赖性[1]。菌根真菌可为兰科植物种子萌发及幼苗生长提供所需的碳氮源以及矿物质等营养物质[2-3]。高匹配度的共生真菌对兰科植物的种子萌发、幼苗建成、种群恢复以及野外回归实践等均发挥着重要作用[4]。徐锦堂等[5]研究发现,自然条件下天麻种子需与紫萁小菇(Mycena osmundicola Lange)GSF-8104等真菌拌种才能萌发形成原球茎,而原球茎及营养繁殖茎则必须与蜜环菌(Armillaria mellea Fr.)共生才能正常生长形成粗壮的新生麻。此外,紫萁小菇等真菌对白及种子萌发、形成原球茎的叶片、假根等分化具有显著促进作用,且菌根化的幼苗移栽到野外比无菌组培苗具有更高的存活率和生长速率[6]。ZI等[7]研究发现,从兜唇石斛(Dendrobium aphyllum)原球茎中分离得到的胶膜菌属(Tulasnella spp.)真菌能极显著促进其种子萌发和幼苗形成,成苗率达45.2%,而同样从原球茎中分离得到的木霉属(Trichoderma spp.)真菌则抑制其种子萌发。AGGARWAL等[8]利用真菌共生萌发技术,有效地培育出健壮的掌裂兰(Dactylorhiza hatagirea)幼苗,并将其成功地引入原生栖息地。共生萌发法被认为是保护兰科资源的一种有效方式,甚至被应用于兰科植物的繁育生产[9]
白及(Bletilla striata)为兰科(Orchidaceae)白及属(Bletilla)的多年生草本植物,为我国传统的中药材,具有止血、抗菌、消肿生肌和抗肿瘤等功效,临床应用广泛[10-11]。近年来由于市场需求量增大,野生资源匮乏,已被《中国高等植物红色名录》列为濒危物种[12]。白花白及(Bletilla striata var. alba)为白及的变种,花呈白色,具有较高的观赏和药用价值,此外其生物量较普通白及大,极具市场开发潜力。本团队前期研究发现,白花白及相比普通白及具有更高的药用价值,其多糖、葡萄糖和甘露糖含量分别是普通白及的2.59、3.14、2.25倍[13]。目前,白及的繁育多以组培为主,该方法能保持白及的稳定性并实现种苗快速繁育,但存在炼苗存活率和块茎有效成分低等问题[14]。也有学者尝试采用种子直播的方法进行规模化繁育,种子萌发率可达69.7%[15],但存在后期生长缓慢、温湿度管理要求高等问题。而通过筛选有效菌株与种子共生萌发的方法,不仅能提高种子萌发率,快速成苗,而且能抵御外界不良环境的伤害,有效解决上述问题。此外,白及种子中含有蛋白质、脂肪和碳水化合物等营养物质,对真菌的要求不严格[16]。徐玲玲等[14]利用鬼伞属(Coprinus)、胶膜菌属(Tulasnella)、腊壳菌属(Sebacina)和无孢腊壳菌属(Serendipita)菌株与白及种子进行共生萌发,发现腊壳菌菌株SL15-7和无孢腊壳菌菌株JST-3不仅能促进种子萌发和幼苗形成,而且对幼苗生根也有显著效果。陈晓芳等[17]利用Epulorhiza sp.和Sebacina sp.菌株对黄花白及种子进行共生萌发,发现这2种菌均显著促进黄花白及种子萌发,萌发率分别比对照提高8.61%和18.43%。目前对于白及属种子共生萌发研究主要集中在白及和黄花白及上,且以室内共生萌发为主,但缺乏相关的验证试验,而对于营养价值更高的白花白及则未见报道,这不利于白花白及的资源保护、规模化繁育和可持续开发利用。
本研究通过开展菌根真菌与白花白及种子的共生萌发试验,分析不同来源菌根真菌对种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响,筛选出对白花白及种子萌发和幼苗生长具有促进作用的菌根真菌,并通过盆栽试验来验证其促生效应,旨在为白花白及种苗的规模化繁育提供可利用的菌种资源,为促进白及产业化发展和种质资源保护提供技术支持。
于2023年9月在上海辰山植物园苗圃采集成熟且尚未开裂的白花白及蒴果作为种子萌发材料。
(1)菌株活化培养基。马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂培养基(PDA):200 g/L马铃薯,20 g/L葡萄糖,15 g/L琼脂。
(2)菌液制备培养基。马铃薯葡萄糖液体培养基(PDB):200 g/L马铃薯,20 g/L葡萄糖。
(3)种子萌发共生培养基。燕麦琼脂培养基(OMA):2.5 g/L燕麦,10 g/L琼脂。
(4)室内盆栽基质。灭菌后的草炭和珍珠岩混合基质(体积比为3∶1)。
选用2株分离自白及根组织的蜡壳菌属菌株(MB-15、MB-18)、1株分离自蒙自兰原球茎的蜡壳菌属菌株(MH1-E)和1株植物广谱内生菌印度梨孢菌菌株(YDLXB)。以Tulasnella calospora(GU166419)为外类群,利用分离菌株的ITS序列与NCBI中获得的近缘种序列构建最大似然法(maximum likelihood,ML)系统发育树,利用MEGA 11.0软件进行序列比对,通过FigTree v 1.4.4软件进行系统发育树的编辑,设置bootstrap值为1000,系统发育分析结果如图1所示。在共生萌发前,将菌株置于(25±2)℃黑暗条件下培养7~10 d,菌落边缘生长旺盛的菌丝用于真菌接种。菌株情况如表1所示。
共设5个处理:未接种(CK),以及分别接种菌根真菌MB-15、MB-18、MH1-E和YDLXB,每个处理重复10次。超净工作台上选择饱满的白花白及蒴果,先用75%酒精消毒30 s,再用3.5%次氯酸钠消毒10 min,后用无菌水冲洗3次。用无菌滤纸吸干蒴果表面水分,用镊子和解剖刀将蒴果切开,将种子制成种子悬浮液。吸取种子悬浮液,每个培养皿撒播1 mL(约含100粒种子),将直径为5 mm的真菌菌块置于培养皿中部。置于12 h光照、12 h黑暗,光照强度为2000 lx,温度为(25±2)℃的环境中培养,分别于15、35、115 d观察,统计种子萌发情况。
将真菌接种于PDB培养基中,在恒温振荡摇床中27 ℃、160 r/min条件下培养7 d。盆栽试验在塑料盆(口径12 cm、底径8 cm、高8 cm)中进行,共设5个处理:未接种(CK),以及分别接种菌根真菌MB-15、MB-18、MH1-E和YDLXB,每盆装入80 g基质,基质含水量为100%,在基质上方铺一层孔径为250目的尼龙网布。每盆播100粒左右种子,每个处理重复3次。在处理组每盆中加入10 mL真菌菌液,在对照组中接入10 mL无菌培养基提取液。置于12 h光照、12 h黑暗,光照强度为2000 lx,温度为(25±2)℃的环境中培养,定期浇水,分别于25、50、105 d观察、统计种子萌发情况,105 d时测定白花白及的株高、叶长、叶宽、叶数、球茎粗、根长、根粗、根数和鲜质量等指标。
在共生105 d,种子萌发形成根系后,取出根段,用双面刀片切成薄片(约100 μm),切片置于光学显微镜下观察,通过徒手切片观察不同处理根系的真菌侵染情况。
参照STEWART等[18]对种子萌发阶段的分级标准,将种子萌发分为4个阶段:种子未萌发阶段、种子萌发(种胚膨大并产生根状物)阶段、原球茎形成和发育(种胚膨大突破种皮至出现原分生组织)阶段及幼苗分化和发育阶段(长出第1片叶及后续生长)阶段(表2),分别计算各阶段种子萌发率、原球茎率和幼苗率。
于培养皿和盆栽试验每个处理中分别选取5皿/3盆,观察,统计皿/盆中的种子萌发数或幼苗数,计算萌发率、原球茎率、幼苗率。计算公式如下:种子萌发率=萌发种子数/播种种子总数×100%;原球茎率=(原球茎数+幼苗数)/播种种子总数×100%;幼苗率=幼苗数/播种的种子总数×100%。
采用Excel 2019软件对试验数据进行整理、统计,采用SPSS 26.0软件对数据进行单因素方差分析,利用邓肯式新复极差法(Duncan’s new multiple-range test)进行多重比较(P<0.05),采用Origin 2021软件绘图。
未萌发的白花白及种子细小,长144.14 μm,宽21.46 μm,呈两头稍尖中间鼓的枣核形,胚位于种皮中央,种皮半透明,此时处于0级萌发(图2A);将种子播种在OMA培养基上后,种胚及种皮开始吸水膨胀,3~7 d种胚膨大变绿,视为进入萌发的第1阶段(图2B图2C);7~15 d时,种胚继续膨胀并突破种皮,形成原球茎,到达萌发的第2阶段(图2D);15 d后原球茎体积逐渐增大并发育形成第1片叶,长出细长绒毛状的假根(图2E),30 d后原球茎长出1~2片叶进入幼苗阶段,此时处于萌发的第3阶段(图2F图2G)。
结果表明,不同处理的种子萌发情况存在显著差异(图3)。共生萌发第15天,5组处理的白花白及种子均萌发进入原球茎阶段,各处理的萌发率与原球茎率存在一定差异。MB-18处理的萌发率和原球茎率分别为93.51%和90.57%,显著高于CK,MB-15和YDLXB处理与CK之间无显著差异,而MH1-E处理的萌发率显著低于CK(图3A)。第35天,各处理的白花白及种子萌发率存在较大差异。其中,MB-18处理的种子萌发率(93.55%)显著高于CK、MB-15和MH1-E处理;MB-18和YDLXB处理的原球茎率分别为93.17%和90.54%,显著高于CK和MH1-E处理;此外,MB-18、MH1-E、YDLXB处理的种子已萌发形成幼苗,幼苗率分别为84.88%、75.87%和84.80%,而CK和MB-15处理的种子尚未形成幼苗(图3B)。第115天,MB-18处理的萌发率、原球茎率和幼苗率分别为96.42%、95.51%和94.64%,均显著高于CK,而MB-15、MH1-E和YDLXB处理的幼苗率与CK无显著差异(图3C)。第115天各处理的种子萌发生长情况见图3D
(1)兰科菌根真菌对白花白及种子萌发率和成苗率的影响。室内盆栽试验结果表明,菌液MB-15、MB-18、MH1-E、YDLXB对白花白及种子均表现出较好的促萌发效果,与CK均差异显著(图4)。其中,MB-18菌液在室内盆栽试验中的促萌发效果最好,生长状态明显优于CK(图5)。共生萌发第25天,4组菌液处理的种子促萌发及成苗效果显著,均萌发进入第3阶段,此时CK的种子仍处于第2阶段,未形成幼苗(图4A)。第50天,MB-18的促萌发效果最为显著,萌发率、原球茎率和幼苗率分别为89.50%、87.39%、77.97%,显著高于CK(图4B)。第105天,与CK相比,4组菌液处理的种子萌发率、原球茎率及幼苗率均有显著提高,且种子以第3阶段为主,而CK的大部分种子仍停留在第2阶段(图4C)。
(2)兰科菌根真菌对白花白及幼苗生长指标的影响。4组菌液处理对白花白及幼苗地上和地下部分的生长均有促进作用,显著提高了幼苗株高、叶长、叶宽、叶数、根长、根粗、根数及鲜质量(表3),除MB-15和MH1-E处理外,其余菌液处理均显著增加白花白及的球茎粗和鲜质量,其中,MB-18处理的所有指标均显著高于CK和其他接菌处理,促生效果最好。
选取盆栽试验中不同处理的白花白及幼苗根段进行侵染观测,CK的根段未见真菌菌丝的侵染(图6A),而MB-15、MB-18、MH1-E、YDLXB菌液处理的根段能观测到真菌菌丝的定殖(图6B~图6E),菌丝主要分布在根段的皮层薄壁细胞上,表明白花白及与处理的4种真菌建立了共生关系。
自然条件下兰科植物种子萌发率极低,种子萌发障碍给兰科植物繁育和资源保护带来巨大挑战[19]。自然条件下几乎所有兰科植物种子均与真菌形成共生关系,依靠真菌侵染提供营养而萌发,但不同类型的菌根真菌对兰科植物种子促萌发效应存在较大的差异[20-21]。不匹配的真菌可能会促进种子萌发,但不会支持其幼苗的后续生长发育[22],而匹配度高的真菌则可迅速将无营养储备的微小种子发育成幼苗[23]。本研究中的3株蜡壳菌属菌株和1株梨形孢属菌株对白花白及种子的促萌发效果存在较大差异,其中分离自白及菌根的蜡壳菌属真菌MB-18和植物广谱内生菌的梨形孢属真菌YDLXB能极显著促进种子萌发和幼苗形成,且以MB-18的促进作用最为显著。其他学者的研究表明,蜡壳菌属(SL15-7、QZPS- G018)以及梨形孢属(R6)真菌能够有效地促进白及[14,24]和黄花白及[17]的种子萌发和幼苗形成,且对幼苗生根、幼苗鲜质量和干质量增加均有显著促进作用。蜡壳菌属和梨形孢属真菌同属于蜡壳菌目真菌,可推断蜡壳菌目真菌为促进白及属种子萌发的有效真菌,且蜡壳菌属真菌的促萌发效果要优于梨形孢属真菌。
兰科植物与菌根真菌的共生关系受多种因素的影响,不同条件下菌根真菌的促萌发作用也存在较大差异。本研究的培养皿萌发试验中,蜡壳菌属真菌MB-15对白花白及种子萌发和幼苗生长无显著促进作用,且真菌MH1-E抑制其种子萌发,而盆栽试验中这2株真菌却不同程度地促进种子萌发和幼苗建成。其他兰科植物也有类似的情况,如铁皮石斛(D. officinale[25]、鸟巢兰(Neottia nidus-avis[26]和绶草(Spiranthes sinensis[27]等兰科植物种子的萌发受环境因素的影响,在自然条件下和实验室条件下表现出不同的专一性。这是因为兰科植物与菌根真菌的专一性关系受多种因素影响,如兰科植物分类地位、营养和生态类型、地理分布、土壤养分有效性等[28-29]。厘清不同培养条件菌根真菌对兰科植物种子萌发的影响,对兰科植物的保育和栽培、濒危兰科植物种群资源的保护和恢复具有重要意义。
相比其他兰科植物,白及属植物与菌根真菌的专一性较弱。如珍稀陆生兰(Caladenia huegelli)专一地与Serendipita vermifera共生[30],金钗石斛(D. nobile)高度专一地与胶膜菌科(Tulasnellaceae)真菌共生[31]Pterostylis nutansSarcochilus weinthalii仅与角担菌属(Ceratobasidium)真菌共生[32-33],而珊瑚兰(Corallorhiza triffda)专一地与革菌科(Telephoraceae)真菌共生[34]。本研究中,盆栽试验的3株蜡壳菌属菌株和1株梨形孢属菌株均显著地促进白花白及种子萌发和幼苗生长。此外,也有学者研究发现,镰刀菌属(Fusarium oxysporum)菌株KB-3、丝衣霉属(Byssochlamys spectabilis)菌株1-N2和毛栓菌(Trametes hirsuta)均能显著缩短白及种子的萌发时间,并且提高其幼苗的芽长、假鳞茎干质量、假鳞茎直径、鲜质量和株高等生长指标[35-37]。表明白及属植物与菌根真菌专一性较弱,能与多种菌根真菌形成共生关系,这有利于白及对土壤中营养元素的吸收和对环境的适应,在一定程度上解释了白及分布范围较广和适应性较强的原因。此外,白及种胚的薄壁细胞中储存有蛋白质、脂肪和碳水化合物等营养成分,即使在无外源营养供给的情况下,其营养储备也足以支持其种子实现初始萌发,这使得个别菌株与CK相比无显著促进萌发效果。
基于兰科植物天然的真菌共生特性,利用真菌共生技术对兰科植物进行保育以及规模化繁育是兰科植物研究的重要方向[38]。因此,寻找促进兰科植物种子萌发的共生真菌,对濒危兰科植物的保护和繁育具有重要意义。据报道,分离自天麻(Gastrodia elata)原球茎中的紫萁小菇真菌GSF-8104有效地推动了天麻人工栽培和保育工作,分离自鼓槌石斛(D. chrysotoxum)原球茎中的菌株GC-14和GC-15,以及来源于白旗兜兰(Paphiopedilum spicerianum)原球茎中的GYBQ01和GYBQ02菌株,成功实现了鼓槌石斛与白旗兜兰的野外回归[39-41]。本研究中的4株菌株均能与白花白及建立共生关系,在萌发幼苗根系中形成菌丝团,其中以白及菌根中分离的蜡壳菌属真菌MB-18的促进作用最为显著,在培养皿内培养115 d后种子萌发率、原球茎率、幼苗率比CK处理分别提高了10.76%、10.37%和20.55%;盆栽试验中则分别提高了36.95%、157.18%和355.78%,均显著促进种子萌发和幼苗建成。因此,蜡壳菌属菌株MB-18可能是白花白及从种子萌发、幼苗生长到成年植株整个发育过程中均具有促进作用的“万能”菌株,这对白花白及的规模化繁育和资源保护具有重要意义。蜡壳耳目(Sebacinales)真菌已被证实能够支持多种濒危兰科植物的种子萌发和幼苗发育,如马达加斯加中部高地特有地生兰(Cynorkis purpurea)、铁皮石斛(D. officinale)和金钗石斛(D. nobile)等[42-43]。当这些亲和真菌与种子或幼苗建立起共生关系后,它们能够通过菌丝在细胞内的侵染、消解及再侵染的循环过程,将营养物质有效地提供给植物,从而为濒危兰科植物的种子萌发和植株生长提供必要的支持[44-45]
本研究比较了不同兰科菌根真菌对白花白及种子的促萌发效果,研究发现白花白及种子可以在无真菌共生的条件下实现自萌发,这可能与其种胚细胞含有的脂质为种子萌发提供营养有关[16],但后续的幼苗形成和生长发育过程需要菌根真菌的参与。不同菌根真菌对白花白及种子的促萌发作用存在一定差异,与兼容性(compatibility)高的菌根真菌(MB-18)共生时,其种子萌发率、原球茎率和幼苗率均显著增加;镜检显示其他菌株虽然也可以和白花白及形成共生关系,但不能明显促进种子萌发、形成原球茎和幼苗。此外,盆栽试验显示,蜡壳菌MB-18对白花白及幼苗生长有显著的促进作用,可能是白花白及从种子萌发到成年植株整个发育过程中均具有促进作用的“万能”菌株,这一菌株的获得对白花白及的规模化繁育、种质资源保护和微生物菌剂的开发具有重要意义。
  • 上海市农业科技创新项目(2021-02-08-00-12-F00778)
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2025年第46卷第5期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.05.018
  • 接收时间:2025-01-24
  • 首发时间:2026-06-26
  • 出版时间:2025-05-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-01-24
  • 录用日期:2025-02-21
基金
上海市农业科技创新项目(2021-02-08-00-12-F00778)
上海市绿化和市容管理局科技攻关项目(G242413)
上海市绿化和市容管理局科技攻关项目(G252413)
作者信息
    1.上海应用技术大学生态技术与工程学院,上海 201418
    2.上海辰山植物园/华东野生濒危资源植物保育中心,上海 201602

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* 曾歆花(ZENG Xinhua),E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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