Article(id=1277240307435573801, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1277239982603502113, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.05.013, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1732118400000, receivedDateStr=2024-11-21, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1736524800000, acceptedDateStr=2025-01-11, onlineDate=1782447419270, onlineDateStr=2026-06-26, pubDate=1748102400000, pubDateStr=2025-05-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1782447419270, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-26, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1782447419270, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1782447419270, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1277239982603502113, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, year='2025', volume='46', issue='5', pageStart='1025', pageEnd='1277', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1748102400000', pubDateStr='2025-05-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1782447341824, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782447947315, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1277242522292319215, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1277239982603502113, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1277242522292319216, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1277239982603502113, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1145, endPage=1153, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1277240307838226987, articleId=1277240307435573801, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=EN, title=Impact of Grafting and Topping Time on the Sprouting and Growth of Scions in the Mini-Rubber Budding Seedlings, columnId=1236256434120348225, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, columnName=Plant Cultivation, Physiology & Biochemistry, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The mini-seedling graft method of Hevea brasiliensis is widely used in the breeding of high-quality rubber tree seedlings due to its advantages such as a short nursery period, low labor intensity, large number of seedlings per unit area, and well-developed main roots of seedlings. However, the seedlings of rubber trees budded in autumn and winter require more time for the scions to germinate after graft survival, and the grafted mini-seedlings grow weakly, which diminishes the advantages of the mini-seedling graft method. Therefore, it is crucial to find appropriate technical measures to improve the germination rate and growth rate of the seedling scions. In this study, the effects of grafting time and topping time on the sprouting and growth of scions in grafted seedlings of rubber tree were investigated, specifically focusing on the seedlings grafted in winter with the variety H. brasiliensis reyan879. Grafting time significantly affected the survival rate, sprouting rate, seedling height, and nursery release rate of the grafted seedlings (P<0.05), with seedlings grafted in November showing significantly higher survival, sprouting, and release rates than those grafted in October, while the seedling height at the two leaf-umbrellas was significantly lower for November-grafted seedlings. Topping time significantly influenced the height of the scions at the stage of two leaf-umbrellas, without significant impact on the survival rate, sprouting rate, withering rate, nursery release rate, or scion stem thickness. The interaction between grafting time and topping time did not significantly affect the survival rate, sprouting rate, withering rate, growth volume, and nursery release rate of the grafted seedlings. It is advisable to adopt a strategy of overwintering with the stalks for mini-rubber seedlings grafted in winter, and to perform topping from February to March after the beginning of spring in the next year, which could significantly shorten the time of budding, reduce the number of times the rootstock debudding, and ensure higher scion growth quality, and this timing aligned well with the planting period of the year, offering significant practical value for production. For seedlings with rootstocks that have reached two leaf-umbrellas, topping just above the first pair of true leaves did not affect the survival rate and could control the withering rate below 4%, demonstrating good technical stability. It is recommended that in practical production, the grafting and topping times for rubber tree seedlings should be strictly controlled to ensure the rootstock reaching an appropriate growth state before topping, and management measures should be adjusted as needed to achieve the best nursery results. The application of the findings would help improve the production efficiency of rubber tree seedling cultivation.

, authors=null, authorsList=Min TANG, Hai TIAN, Mingchun GUI, Ling LI, Guoping LIANG, Xiaolong SUN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Xiaolong SUN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1277240308664504877, articleId=1277240307435573801, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=CN, title=芽接和打顶时间对橡胶树籽苗芽接苗接穗萌发和生长的影响, columnId=1236256434313286224, journalTitle=热带作物学报, columnName=作物栽培与生理生化, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

橡胶树(Hevea brasiliensis Mull. Arg)籽苗芽接育苗法因具有育苗周期短、劳动强度低、单位面积育苗数量多、苗木主根发达等优势,被广泛应用于橡胶树优质种苗繁育。然而,秋冬季节芽接的橡胶树籽苗,芽接成活后接芽萌发所需的时间较长、芽接苗长势也较弱,这在很大程度上降低了橡胶树籽苗芽接育苗法的优势。因此,探究合适的配套技术措施以提高接穗萌发和生长速度至关重要。本研究以冬季芽接的橡胶树热研879籽苗为对象,系统比较了芽接和打顶时间对橡胶树籽苗芽接苗接穗的萌发和生长的影响。结果表明:(1)芽接时间对橡胶树籽苗芽接苗成活率、抽芽率、接穗苗高、出圃率4个生长指标影响显著(P<0.05),冬季11月芽接的苗木成活率、抽芽率以及出圃率均显著高于10月芽接的苗木,接穗生长至两蓬叶时的苗高则显著低于10月芽接。(2)打顶时间对橡胶树籽苗芽接苗接穗生长至两蓬叶时苗高影响显著,对芽接苗的成活率、抽芽率、回枯率、出圃率以及接穗茎粗均无显著影响。(3)芽接和打顶时间的交互作用对橡胶树籽苗芽接苗的成活率、抽芽率、回枯率、接穗生长量及出圃率均无显著影响。(4)冬季芽接的橡胶树籽苗宜采用带杆越冬策略,待翌年立春后2—3月打顶,可显著缩短接芽待萌发时间,减少砧木抹芽作业量,同时确保较高的接穗生长质量,且时间节点与当年种植期高度吻合,具有显著的实践价值。(5)对于砧木已生长至两蓬叶的籽苗芽接苗,采用在第一对真叶上方截砧的打顶方式,其打顶操作不影响成活率,且能将回枯率控制在4%以下,展现出良好的技术稳定性。基于上述研究结果,建议在生产实践中严格把控橡胶树籽苗芽接时间和相应打顶时间,确保砧木达到适宜生长状态再打顶;并适当调整管理措施,以获得最佳的育苗效果。本研究结果的应用将有助于提高橡胶树育苗的生产效率。

, authors=

唐敏(1994—),女,学士,助理研究员,研究方向:橡胶树种苗繁育。

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* 孙小龙(SUN Xiaolong),E-mail:
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唐敏(1994—),女,学士,助理研究员,研究方向:橡胶树种苗繁育。

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唐敏(1994—),女,学士,助理研究员,研究方向:橡胶树种苗繁育。

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Effect of different truncated rootstock treatments on growth of mini rubber budding seedlings[J]. Guizhou Agricultural Sciences, 2014, 42(11): 119-122. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Effect of different truncated rootstock treatments on growth of mini rubber budding seedlings, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1277240337231909509, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240307435573801, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=26, authorNames=中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所. 一种橡胶树籽苗芽接砧木苗免抹芽的方法:中国,ZL202010310095[P]. 2021-09-10., articleTitle=一种橡胶树籽苗芽接砧木苗免抹芽的方法, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1277240337307406982, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240307435573801, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=27, authorNames=Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences. A non-daubing method for mini-seedling budding of Hevea brasiliensis: CN, ZL202010310095[P]. 2021-09-10. (in Chinese), articleTitle=A non-daubing method for mini-seedling budding of Hevea brasiliensis, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1277240337609396871, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240307435573801, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=82, issue=12, pageStart=1022, pageEnd=1026, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=28, authorNames=AHMED N, SINGH S R, SRIVASTAVA K K, SHAGOO P A, SHAZLA H, journalName=The Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, refType=null, unstructuredReference=AHMED N, SINGH S R, SRIVASTAVA K K, SHAGOO P A, SHAZLA H. Effect of different environments, grafting methods and times on sprouting, graft success and plant growth of walnut (Juglans regia)[J]. The Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2012, 82(12): 1022-1026., articleTitle=Effect of different environments, grafting methods and times on sprouting, graft success and plant growth of walnut (Juglans regia), refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1277240337684894344, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240307435573801, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=33, issue=5, pageStart=1, pageEnd=4, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=29, authorNames=顾文毅, 刘小利, 魏海斌, 廖东, journalName=青海大学学报(自然科学版), refType=null, unstructuredReference=顾文毅, 刘小利, 魏海斌, 廖东. 芽接不同处理方式对核桃苗生长及越冬的影响[J]. 青海大学学报(自然科学版), 2015, 33(5): 1-4., articleTitle=芽接不同处理方式对核桃苗生长及越冬的影响, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1277240337772974729, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240307435573801, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=33, issue=5, pageStart=1, pageEnd=4, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=30, authorNames=GU W Y, LIU X L, WEI H B, LIAO D, journalName=Journal of Qinghai University (Natural Science Edition), refType=null, unstructuredReference=GU W Y, LIU X L, WEI H B, LIAO D. The impact of different grafting treatments on the growth and overwintering of walnut seedlings[J]. Journal of Qinghai University (Natural Science Edition), 2015, 33(5): 1-4. (in Chinese), articleTitle=The impact of different grafting treatments on the growth and overwintering of walnut seedlings, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1277240338041410186, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240307435573801, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=15, issue=2, pageStart=1, pageEnd=6, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=31, authorNames=ARJOO S, SHARMA R, AYUSH R, VIKAL P, journalName=International Journal of Bio-resource and Stress Management, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ARJOO S, SHARMA R, AYUSH R, VIKAL P. Interactive effects of grafting time and technique on the sprouting time and growth of guava grafts (Psidium guajava L.)[J]. International Journal of Bio-resource and Stress Management, 2024, 15(2): 1-6., articleTitle=Interactive effects of grafting time and technique on the sprouting time and growth of guava grafts (Psidium guajava L.), refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1277240338125296267, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240307435573801, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=41, issue=1, pageStart=12, pageEnd=15, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=32, authorNames=张平, 师云福, 亚华金, 邱彦芬, 刘忠亮, journalName=福建热作科技, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张平, 师云福, 亚华金, 邱彦芬, 刘忠亮. 橡胶树袋育苗不同锯砧方法对接穗初期生长的影响[J]. 福建热作科技, 2016, 41(1): 12-15., articleTitle=橡胶树袋育苗不同锯砧方法对接穗初期生长的影响, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1277240338410508940, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240307435573801, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=41, issue=1, pageStart=12, pageEnd=15, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=33, authorNames=ZHANG P, SHI Y F, YA H J, QIU Y F, LIU Z L, journalName=Fujian Hot Crops Science and Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG P, SHI Y F, YA H J, QIU Y F, LIU Z L. The influence of different sawing methods for rubber tree seedlings on the initial growth of scions[J]. Fujian Hot Crops Science and Technology, 2016, 41(1): 12-15. (in Chinese), articleTitle=The influence of different sawing methods for rubber tree seedlings on the initial growth of scions, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1277240338486006413, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240307435573801, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1987, volume=7, issue=4, pageStart=27, pageEnd=32, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=34, authorNames=周经第, journalName=热带作物研究, refType=null, unstructuredReference=周经第. 不同砧木处理方法对橡胶树绿色芽片芽接苗回枯和生长的影响[J]. 热带作物研究, 1987, 7(4): 27-32., articleTitle=不同砧木处理方法对橡胶树绿色芽片芽接苗回枯和生长的影响, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1277240338561503886, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240307435573801, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1987, volume=7, issue=4, pageStart=27, pageEnd=32, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=35, authorNames=ZHOU J D, journalName=Tropical Crops Research, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHOU J D. The effect of different rootstock treatments on the dieback and growth of green bud graft seedlings of rubber tree[J]. Tropical Crops Research, 1987, 7(4): 27-32. (in Chinese), articleTitle=The effect of different rootstock treatments on the dieback and growth of green bud graft seedlings of rubber tree, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1277240338821550735, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240307435573801, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1989, volume=10, issue=1, pageStart=25, pageEnd=31, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=36, authorNames=黄守锋, journalName=热带作物学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=黄守锋. 一种新的橡胶无性繁殖方法:籽苗芽接法[J]. 热带作物学报, 1989, 10(1): 25-31., articleTitle=一种新的橡胶无性繁殖方法:籽苗芽接法, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1277240338892853904, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240307435573801, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1989, volume=10, issue=1, pageStart=25, pageEnd=31, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=37, authorNames=HUANG S F, journalName=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HUANG S F. A novel approach to rubber propagation: mini-seedling budding[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 1989, 10(1): 25-31. (in Chinese), articleTitle=A novel approach to rubber propagation: mini-seedling budding, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1277240330047066730, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240307435573801, awardId=RF2024-1-1, language=CN, fundingSource=云南省热带作物科技创新体系建设专项(RF2024-1-1), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1277240310463861295, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240307435573801, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1277240310698742320, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240307435573801, companyId=1277240310463861295, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Yunnan Institute of Tropical Crops / Yunnan Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization Research on Rubber Tree, Jinghong, Yunnan 666100, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1277240310707130929, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240307435573801, companyId=1277240310463861295, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=云南省热带作物科学研究所/云南省天然橡胶可持续利用研究重点实验室,云南景洪 666100)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1277240324556722776, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240307435573801, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Effects of grafting time, topping time and the interaction on the survival of mini-rubber budding seedlings

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因素Factor水平Level成活率Survival rate/%
芽接时间H186.95±4.57b
H291.17±2.81a
P0.01*
打顶时间T190.58±5.46
T290.01±4.02
T390.05±1.98
T485.60±3.90
P0.11
芽接时间×打顶时间P0.95
), ArticleFig(id=1277240324988736089, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240307435573801, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

芽接时间、打顶时间及交互作用对橡胶树籽苗芽接苗成活的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因素Factor水平Level成活率Survival rate/%
芽接时间H186.95±4.57b
H291.17±2.81a
P0.01*
打顶时间T190.58±5.46
T290.01±4.02
T390.05±1.98
T485.60±3.90
P0.11
芽接时间×打顶时间P0.95
), ArticleFig(id=1277240325060039258, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240307435573801, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Survival rate of seedlings under different treatments

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理Treatment芽接时间Grafting time打顶日期Topping time打顶前成活率Survival rate before topping/%打顶后成活率Survival rate after topping/%P
D1H12023-12-1987.88±6.14bc87.21±4.98bc0.42
D22024-01-1987.88±5.05bc87.54±4.55bc0.42
D32024-02-1988.55±1.54bc88.55±1.54bc
D42024-03-1983.50±4.98d83.50±4.98d
D5H22024-01-1993.29±3.87a93.07±3.92a0.42
D62024-02-1992.14±1.14a92.14±1.14a
D72024-03-1991.54±0.82a91.10±1.25a0.42
D82024-04-1987.69±0.23c86.43±1.89c0.32
), ArticleFig(id=1277240325143925339, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240307435573801, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同处理的苗木成活率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理Treatment芽接时间Grafting time打顶日期Topping time打顶前成活率Survival rate before topping/%打顶后成活率Survival rate after topping/%P
D1H12023-12-1987.88±6.14bc87.21±4.98bc0.42
D22024-01-1987.88±5.05bc87.54±4.55bc0.42
D32024-02-1988.55±1.54bc88.55±1.54bc
D42024-03-1983.50±4.98d83.50±4.98d
D5H22024-01-1993.29±3.87a93.07±3.92a0.42
D62024-02-1992.14±1.14a92.14±1.14a
D72024-03-1991.54±0.82a91.10±1.25a0.42
D82024-04-1987.69±0.23c86.43±1.89c0.32
), ArticleFig(id=1277240325408166492, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240307435573801, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

Effects of grafting time, topping time and interaction on sprout of mini-rubber budding seedlings

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因素Factor水平Level抽芽率Sprouting rate/%回枯率withering rate/%
芽接时间H182.41±5.37b2.45±0.20
H288.49±2.81a2.48±0.16
P0.001*0.97
打顶时间T186.67±6.462.33±0.17
T286.15±5.162.27±0.15
T387.59±1.803.32±0.22
T481.40±5.111.95±0.19
P0.060.61
芽接时间×打顶时间P0.670.21
), ArticleFig(id=1277240325794042461, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240307435573801, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

芽接时间、打顶时间及其交互作用对橡胶树籽苗芽接苗抽芽的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因素Factor水平Level抽芽率Sprouting rate/%回枯率withering rate/%
芽接时间H182.41±5.37b2.45±0.20
H288.49±2.81a2.48±0.16
P0.001*0.97
打顶时间T186.67±6.462.33±0.17
T286.15±5.162.27±0.15
T387.59±1.803.32±0.22
T481.40±5.111.95±0.19
P0.060.61
芽接时间×打顶时间P0.670.21
), ArticleFig(id=1277240325882122846, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240307435573801, language=EN, label=Tab. 4, caption=

Sprouting rate and withering rate of seedlings under different treatments

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理Treatment打顶日期Topping time待萌发天数Number of days waiting for germination抽芽率Sprouting rate/%回枯率Withering rate/%
D12023-12-196383.50±7.45c1.67±0.20a
D22024-01-194082.49±4.98c3.25±0.13a
D32024-02-192786.20±1.17b3.91±0.24a
D42024-03-192177.44±4.08c0.93±0.16a
D52024-01-192989.83±4.34a2.98±0.16a
D62024-02-193089.81±1.28a1.25±0.08a
D72024-03-192188.98±0.98a2.71±0.23a
D82024-04-191585.35±1.29b2.96±0.19a
), ArticleFig(id=1277240326230250079, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240307435573801, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同处理的苗木抽芽率及回枯率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理Treatment打顶日期Topping time待萌发天数Number of days waiting for germination抽芽率Sprouting rate/%回枯率Withering rate/%
D12023-12-196383.50±7.45c1.67±0.20a
D22024-01-194082.49±4.98c3.25±0.13a
D32024-02-192786.20±1.17b3.91±0.24a
D42024-03-192177.44±4.08c0.93±0.16a
D52024-01-192989.83±4.34a2.98±0.16a
D62024-02-193089.81±1.28a1.25±0.08a
D72024-03-192188.98±0.98a2.71±0.23a
D82024-04-191585.35±1.29b2.96±0.19a
), ArticleFig(id=1277240326318330464, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240307435573801, language=EN, label=Tab. 5, caption=

Effects of grafting time, topping time and interaction on scion growth of mini-rubber budding seedlings

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因素Factor水平Level接穗茎粗Scion stem diameter/mm接穗苗高Scion seedling height/cm
芽接时间H14.63±0.2238.05±2.70a
H24.47±0.2534.52±6.10b
P0.100.03*
打顶时间T14.63±0.3438.23±1.97a
T24.63±0.2538.49±3.54a
T34.50±0.2336.56±4.89ab
T44.45±1431.88±6.24c
P0.450.02*
芽接时间×打顶时间P0.310.06
), ArticleFig(id=1277240326662263393, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240307435573801, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

芽接时间、打顶时间及其交互作用对橡胶树籽苗芽接苗接穗生长量的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因素Factor水平Level接穗茎粗Scion stem diameter/mm接穗苗高Scion seedling height/cm
芽接时间H14.63±0.2238.05±2.70a
H24.47±0.2534.52±6.10b
P0.100.03*
打顶时间T14.63±0.3438.23±1.97a
T24.63±0.2538.49±3.54a
T34.50±0.2336.56±4.89ab
T44.45±1431.88±6.24c
P0.450.02*
芽接时间×打顶时间P0.310.06
), ArticleFig(id=1277240328335790690, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240307435573801, language=EN, label=Tab. 6, caption=

Scion stem diameter and seedling height under different treatments

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理Treatment打顶日期Topping time接穗径粗Scion stem diameter/mm接穗苗高Scion seedling height/cm
D12023-12-194.87±1.06a39.36±2.39a
D22024-01-194.62±0.93bc37.08±1.79ab
D32024-02-194.58±0.83bc39.60±1.64a
D42024-03-194.47±0.71bc36.67±4.38ab
D52024-01-194.39±0.83c37.09±0.39ab
D62024-02-194.63±0.85bc39.83±4.76a
D72024-03-194.41±0.87bc34.11±6.01c
D82024-04-194.43±0.65bc27.28±3.66d
), ArticleFig(id=1277240328436453987, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240307435573801, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

不同处理的接穗茎粗和苗高

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理Treatment打顶日期Topping time接穗径粗Scion stem diameter/mm接穗苗高Scion seedling height/cm
D12023-12-194.87±1.06a39.36±2.39a
D22024-01-194.62±0.93bc37.08±1.79ab
D32024-02-194.58±0.83bc39.60±1.64a
D42024-03-194.47±0.71bc36.67±4.38ab
D52024-01-194.39±0.83c37.09±0.39ab
D62024-02-194.63±0.85bc39.83±4.76a
D72024-03-194.41±0.87bc34.11±6.01c
D82024-04-194.43±0.65bc27.28±3.66d
), ArticleFig(id=1277240328809747044, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240307435573801, language=EN, label=Tab. 7, caption=

Effects of grafting time, topping time and interaction on out of nursery of mini-rubber budding seedlings

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因素Factor水平Level出圃率Nursery release rate/%
芽接时间H159.35±7.06b
H269.92±5.20a
P<0.001*
打顶时间T166.33±10.37
T264.27±11.10
T365.74±3.06
T462.19±7.13
P0.69
芽接时间×打顶时间P0.41
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芽接时间、打顶时间及其交互作用对橡胶树籽苗芽接苗出圃的影响

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因素Factor水平Level出圃率Nursery release rate/%
芽接时间H159.35±7.06b
H269.92±5.20a
P<0.001*
打顶时间T166.33±10.37
T264.27±11.10
T365.74±3.06
T462.19±7.13
P0.69
芽接时间×打顶时间P0.41
), ArticleFig(id=1277240329224983142, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240307435573801, language=EN, label=Tab. 8, caption=

Seedling nursery release rate under different treatments

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处理Treatment打顶日期Topping time出圃日期Nursery release date接穗的生长天数Number of days for scion growth出圃率Nursery release rate/%
D12023-12-192024-05-148358.92±4.55c
D22024-01-192024-05-208057.91±13.34c
D32024-02-192024-06-058064.31±2.10bc
D42024-03-192024-06-237556.23±4.08cd
D52024-01-192024-05-2910273.73±9.20a
D62024-02-192024-06-178770.63±2.93a
D72024-03-192024-06-308267.17±3.57ab
D82024-04-192024-07-147768.14±2.02ab
), ArticleFig(id=1277240329342423655, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240307435573801, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

不同处理的苗木出圃率

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处理Treatment打顶日期Topping time出圃日期Nursery release date接穗的生长天数Number of days for scion growth出圃率Nursery release rate/%
D12023-12-192024-05-148358.92±4.55c
D22024-01-192024-05-208057.91±13.34c
D32024-02-192024-06-058064.31±2.10bc
D42024-03-192024-06-237556.23±4.08cd
D52024-01-192024-05-2910273.73±9.20a
D62024-02-192024-06-178770.63±2.93a
D72024-03-192024-06-308267.17±3.57ab
D82024-04-192024-07-147768.14±2.02ab
), ArticleFig(id=1277240329648607848, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240307435573801, language=EN, label=Tab. 9, caption=

Membership function values of different evaluation indexes of scion

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处理Treatment打顶日期Topping time接穗评价指标的隶属函数值Membership function values of scion evaluation indicators综合排名Comprehensive ranking
待萌发天数Number of days waiting for germination抽芽率Sprouting rate回枯率Sprouting rate出圃率Nursery release rate接穗生长天数The number of days for scion growth接穗苗高Scion seedling height接穗径粗Scion stem diameter平均值Mean value
D12023-12-190.0000.4890.7521.0000.9630.7040.1540.5804
D22024-01-190.4790.4080.2210.4790.7810.8150.0960.4688
D32024-02-190.7500.7070.0000.3960.9820.8150.4620.5873
D42024-03-190.8750.0001.0000.1670.7481.0000.0000.5416
D52024-01-190.7081.0000.3120.0000.7820.0001.0000.5435
D62024-02-190.6880.9980.8930.5001.0000.5560.8220.7791
D72024-03-190.8750.9310.4030.0420.5440.7410.6250.5942
D82024-04-191.0000.6380.3190.0830.0000.9260.6810.5217
), ArticleFig(id=1277240329711522409, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240307435573801, language=CN, label=表9, caption=

接穗不同评价指标的律属函数值和综合评价结果

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处理Treatment打顶日期Topping time接穗评价指标的隶属函数值Membership function values of scion evaluation indicators综合排名Comprehensive ranking
待萌发天数Number of days waiting for germination抽芽率Sprouting rate回枯率Sprouting rate出圃率Nursery release rate接穗生长天数The number of days for scion growth接穗苗高Scion seedling height接穗径粗Scion stem diameter平均值Mean value
D12023-12-190.0000.4890.7521.0000.9630.7040.1540.5804
D22024-01-190.4790.4080.2210.4790.7810.8150.0960.4688
D32024-02-190.7500.7070.0000.3960.9820.8150.4620.5873
D42024-03-190.8750.0001.0000.1670.7481.0000.0000.5416
D52024-01-190.7081.0000.3120.0000.7820.0001.0000.5435
D62024-02-190.6880.9980.8930.5001.0000.5560.8220.7791
D72024-03-190.8750.9310.4030.0420.5440.7410.6250.5942
D82024-04-191.0000.6380.3190.0830.0000.9260.6810.5217
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芽接和打顶时间对橡胶树籽苗芽接苗接穗萌发和生长的影响
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唐敏 , 田海 , 桂明春 , 李玲 , 梁国平 , 孙小龙 *
热带作物学报 | 作物栽培与生理生化 2025,46(5): 1145-1153
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热带作物学报 |作物栽培与生理生化 2025 , 46 (5) : 1145 -1153
芽接和打顶时间对橡胶树籽苗芽接苗接穗萌发和生长的影响
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唐敏, 田海, 桂明春, 李玲, 梁国平, 孙小龙*
作者信息
  • 云南省热带作物科学研究所/云南省天然橡胶可持续利用研究重点实验室,云南景洪 666100
通讯作者:
* 孙小龙(SUN Xiaolong),E-mail:
Impact of Grafting and Topping Time on the Sprouting and Growth of Scions in the Mini-Rubber Budding Seedlings
Min TANG, Hai TIAN, Mingchun GUI, Ling LI, Guoping LIANG, Xiaolong SUN*
Affiliations
  • Yunnan Institute of Tropical Crops / Yunnan Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization Research on Rubber Tree, Jinghong, Yunnan 666100, China
出版时间: 2025-05-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.05.013
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橡胶树(Hevea brasiliensis Mull. Arg)籽苗芽接育苗法因具有育苗周期短、劳动强度低、单位面积育苗数量多、苗木主根发达等优势,被广泛应用于橡胶树优质种苗繁育。然而,秋冬季节芽接的橡胶树籽苗,芽接成活后接芽萌发所需的时间较长、芽接苗长势也较弱,这在很大程度上降低了橡胶树籽苗芽接育苗法的优势。因此,探究合适的配套技术措施以提高接穗萌发和生长速度至关重要。本研究以冬季芽接的橡胶树热研879籽苗为对象,系统比较了芽接和打顶时间对橡胶树籽苗芽接苗接穗的萌发和生长的影响。结果表明:(1)芽接时间对橡胶树籽苗芽接苗成活率、抽芽率、接穗苗高、出圃率4个生长指标影响显著(P<0.05),冬季11月芽接的苗木成活率、抽芽率以及出圃率均显著高于10月芽接的苗木,接穗生长至两蓬叶时的苗高则显著低于10月芽接。(2)打顶时间对橡胶树籽苗芽接苗接穗生长至两蓬叶时苗高影响显著,对芽接苗的成活率、抽芽率、回枯率、出圃率以及接穗茎粗均无显著影响。(3)芽接和打顶时间的交互作用对橡胶树籽苗芽接苗的成活率、抽芽率、回枯率、接穗生长量及出圃率均无显著影响。(4)冬季芽接的橡胶树籽苗宜采用带杆越冬策略,待翌年立春后2—3月打顶,可显著缩短接芽待萌发时间,减少砧木抹芽作业量,同时确保较高的接穗生长质量,且时间节点与当年种植期高度吻合,具有显著的实践价值。(5)对于砧木已生长至两蓬叶的籽苗芽接苗,采用在第一对真叶上方截砧的打顶方式,其打顶操作不影响成活率,且能将回枯率控制在4%以下,展现出良好的技术稳定性。基于上述研究结果,建议在生产实践中严格把控橡胶树籽苗芽接时间和相应打顶时间,确保砧木达到适宜生长状态再打顶;并适当调整管理措施,以获得最佳的育苗效果。本研究结果的应用将有助于提高橡胶树育苗的生产效率。

橡胶树籽苗芽接  /  打顶时间  /  回枯率  /  出圃率

The mini-seedling graft method of Hevea brasiliensis is widely used in the breeding of high-quality rubber tree seedlings due to its advantages such as a short nursery period, low labor intensity, large number of seedlings per unit area, and well-developed main roots of seedlings. However, the seedlings of rubber trees budded in autumn and winter require more time for the scions to germinate after graft survival, and the grafted mini-seedlings grow weakly, which diminishes the advantages of the mini-seedling graft method. Therefore, it is crucial to find appropriate technical measures to improve the germination rate and growth rate of the seedling scions. In this study, the effects of grafting time and topping time on the sprouting and growth of scions in grafted seedlings of rubber tree were investigated, specifically focusing on the seedlings grafted in winter with the variety H. brasiliensis reyan879. Grafting time significantly affected the survival rate, sprouting rate, seedling height, and nursery release rate of the grafted seedlings (P<0.05), with seedlings grafted in November showing significantly higher survival, sprouting, and release rates than those grafted in October, while the seedling height at the two leaf-umbrellas was significantly lower for November-grafted seedlings. Topping time significantly influenced the height of the scions at the stage of two leaf-umbrellas, without significant impact on the survival rate, sprouting rate, withering rate, nursery release rate, or scion stem thickness. The interaction between grafting time and topping time did not significantly affect the survival rate, sprouting rate, withering rate, growth volume, and nursery release rate of the grafted seedlings. It is advisable to adopt a strategy of overwintering with the stalks for mini-rubber seedlings grafted in winter, and to perform topping from February to March after the beginning of spring in the next year, which could significantly shorten the time of budding, reduce the number of times the rootstock debudding, and ensure higher scion growth quality, and this timing aligned well with the planting period of the year, offering significant practical value for production. For seedlings with rootstocks that have reached two leaf-umbrellas, topping just above the first pair of true leaves did not affect the survival rate and could control the withering rate below 4%, demonstrating good technical stability. It is recommended that in practical production, the grafting and topping times for rubber tree seedlings should be strictly controlled to ensure the rootstock reaching an appropriate growth state before topping, and management measures should be adjusted as needed to achieve the best nursery results. The application of the findings would help improve the production efficiency of rubber tree seedling cultivation.

mini-rubber budding seedlings  /  topping time  /  withering rate  /  nursery release rate
唐敏, 田海, 桂明春, 李玲, 梁国平, 孙小龙. 芽接和打顶时间对橡胶树籽苗芽接苗接穗萌发和生长的影响. 热带作物学报, 2025 , 46 (5) : 1145 -1153 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.05.013
Min TANG, Hai TIAN, Mingchun GUI, Ling LI, Guoping LIANG, Xiaolong SUN. Impact of Grafting and Topping Time on the Sprouting and Growth of Scions in the Mini-Rubber Budding Seedlings[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2025 , 46 (5) : 1145 -1153 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.05.013
橡胶树作为重要的工业原料作物,其苗木培育主要采用无性繁殖方法,其中嫁接技术尤为重要。橡胶树籽苗芽接技术[1]是一项成熟的嫁接技术。目前,砧木主要使用种子繁殖,尽管春季是橡胶树育苗的最佳时期,但由于橡胶树种子属顽拗性种子,不耐贮藏且无明显的休眠期,一旦成熟便能发芽。成熟后,种子内部呼吸作用旺盛,水分和养分的消耗量很大,发芽率下降非常快[2],因而在实际生产中橡胶树籽苗芽接通常在秋冬季进行,而这一时期的低温环境对籽苗芽接苗接穗的萌发和生长有明显的抑制作用。为解决上述问题,科学家们进行了大量研究,发现橡胶树籽苗芽接苗的生长受到芽接时间[3-4]、植物生长调节剂6]、砧木和接穗间的相互作用[7-8]、水肥管理[9]、环境条件[10]以及对砧木的处理[11-15]等多种因素的影响。
对砧木进行打顶是促进芽接苗接穗萌发和生长的最佳手段。黄守锋等[11]的研究表明,在11月芽接的橡胶树籽苗芽接苗,保留全部真叶的打顶处理,无论在芽接后15 d还是60 d打顶,其成苗或生长效果均最佳;陈海坚等[12]在广东地区应用橡胶树籽苗芽接育苗技术时发现,待砧木长至第二蓬叶稳定后再进行解绑和打顶,更有利于接芽的萌发和生长。周珺等[13]通过比较截砧和折砧2种砧木处理方法培育小苗芽接苗和籽苗芽接苗发现,培育橡胶树小苗芽接苗宜采用折砧方法处理砧木;培育籽苗芽接苗宜采用截砧方法处理砧木。周珺等[14]以秋季芽接、翌年春季打顶抹芽的籽苗芽接带杆苗为研究对象,进一步比较了8种截砧处理方法对其生长的影响,结果表明,在第1对真叶腋芽下方剪断砧木茎杆的截砧方法可减少用工量(7 min/100株),工效是常规抹芽(212 min/100株)的30多倍;抽芽加快,处理后20 d内抽芽结束;提高抽芽率(达96%)和苗木出圃率(为94%),且苗木长势与常规留叶抠芽打顶法的相当。中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所[15]发明了一种橡胶树籽苗芽接砧木苗免抹芽的方法,该方法待芽接好的籽苗砧木长至2~3蓬叶稳定时,在第一对叶片下方0.2~1.0 cm处剪砧,并使用红蓝光灯具进行夜间补光,成功免去了抹芽这一工序,并培育出回枯率低、死亡率低且成苗率高的籽苗芽接苗。
综上所述,秋冬季芽接籽苗技术不断改进,普遍认为给予砧木一定生长时间后再进行打顶处理,更有利于接芽的萌发和生长。然而,对于秋冬季不同时间进行芽接的籽苗,其相应最佳打顶时间尚缺乏系统研究。本研究探究芽接和打顶时间对橡胶树籽苗芽接苗的萌发和生长的影响,旨在通过控制芽接和相应打顶时间,促进籽苗接芽萌发和生长,解决秋冬季芽接籽苗成活后接芽萌发所需时间长、芽接苗长势弱的问题。
试验地位于云南省热带作物科学研究所三队(22°00′N~22°03′N、100°46′E~100°48′E),海拔560~590 m。砧木为橡胶树GT1籽苗,接穗为热研879的大田芽条。
本研究采用双因素随机区组试验设计法,以芽接时间(H)和打顶时间(T)为试验因素。芽接时间为2023年10月13—15日(H1)、2023年11月20—22日(H2);打顶时间为砧木生长至两蓬叶时(T1)、砧木在两蓬叶基础上生长30 d时(T2)、砧木在两蓬叶基础上生长60 d时(T3)、砧木在两蓬叶基础上生长90 d时(T4)。打顶方式为在第一对真叶上方截砧。试验共设8个处理,3次重复,每个小区100株,总计2400株苗木。
具体实施方法为:于2023年10月13—15日和11月20—22日在同一接穗圃中选择热研879的枝条作为接穗,以橡胶树GT1籽苗为砧木进行籽苗芽接,每天芽接400株,移栽到温室内管理一段时间后,将苗木平均分为4份。2023年10月13—15日芽接的苗木分别于2023年12月19日(冬季)、2024年1月19日(冬季)、2024年2月19日(越冬)、2024年3月19日(越冬)进行打顶;2023年11月20—22日芽接的苗木分别于2024年1月19日(冬季)、2024年2月19日(越冬)、2024年3月19日(越冬)、2024年4月19日(越冬)进行打顶。
苗木芽接好移栽入育苗袋后观察其成活和生长情况。打顶后每3 d巡查1次,若有肉眼可见的砧木芽抽出则尽数抹除,记录每个处理接芽萌发时间,待接穗生长至两蓬叶稳定时测量其茎粗、苗高,当接穗生长至两蓬及两蓬叶以上且苗高大于40 cm、茎粗大于等于5 mm时出圃,苗木出圃当天调查芽接成活率、苗木抽芽率、回枯率及第一次苗木出圃率。嫁接成活率、抽芽率、出圃率为成活株数、抽芽株数和出圃株数占芽接株数的百分比,回枯率为回枯的株数占抽芽株数的百分比。
试验采用WPS软件进行数据整理,IBM SPSS 27软件进行数据分析,百分比类型数据先转换为小数后再进行分析。以芽接时间和打顶时间作为2个因素,利用成对样本t检验、单因素和双因素方差分析及多重比较(LSD)方法对不同处理数据进行差异显著性分析。文中所有数据均为平均值±标准差。隶属函数值计算公式为:U(Xi)=(Xi-Xmin)/(Xmax-Xmin);若某一指标与评价结果为负相关,则用反隶属函数进行计算,计算公式为:U(Xi)=1-(Xi-Xmin)/(Xmax-Xmin)。式中U(Xi)为隶属函数值,Xi为无性系某项指标的测定值,XmaxXmin为所有参试无性系中某一指标的最大值和最小值。
表1可知,芽接时间对橡胶树籽苗芽接苗的成活有显著影响(P<0.05),11月芽接的苗木其成活显著高于10月芽接的苗木。而打顶时间对橡胶树籽苗芽接苗的成活无显著影响。芽接时间和打顶时间的交互作用亦不会对籽苗成活产生显著影响。进一步分析(表2)可以发现,采用在第一对真叶上方截砧的方式进行打顶,打顶前后接芽的成活率几乎相等,各处理打顶前后成活率差异不显著。而不同时间芽接的苗木,其成活率不同,10月芽接的苗木以翌年2月19日打顶的处理(D3)成活率最高,翌年3月19日打顶的处理(D4)成活率最低;11月芽接的苗木以翌年1月19日打顶的处理(D5)成活率最高,翌年4月19日打顶的处理(D8)成活率最低。
表3可知,芽接时间对橡胶树籽苗芽接苗抽芽率有显著影响(P<0.05),11月芽接的苗木,其抽芽率显著高于10月芽接的苗木,但打顶时间及芽接时间和打顶时间的交互作用对抽芽率的影响不显著;而苗木抽芽后的回枯情况既不受芽接时间也不受打顶时间的影响。结合表4可以发现,同一芽接时间段,打顶时间越晚,接芽待萌发的时间就越短;10月芽接的苗木,从打顶到萌发最长需要63 d,最短只需21 d,11月芽接的苗木从打顶到萌发最长需要30 d,最短只需15 d。就抽芽率而言,10月芽接的橡胶树籽苗,以翌年2月19日进行打顶的处理(D3)表现最佳,11月芽接的橡胶树籽苗,以翌年1月19日打顶的处理(D5)抽芽率最高,但该处理与翌年2月19日打顶的处理(D6)间差异极小,仅为0.02%,因而,无论是10月还是11月芽接的苗木,均以越冬后2月进行打顶处理表现出最佳的抽芽效果。同时,本研究采用的打顶方法,在任何芽接和打顶时间下,都能保持回枯率低于4%。
表5可知,芽接和打顶时间的交互作用对橡胶树籽苗芽接苗接穗的茎粗和苗高无显著影响,芽接时间和打顶时间分别对接穗的茎粗亦无显著影响,但对接穗的苗高影响显著(P<0.05),具体表现为,10月芽接的苗木其苗高大于11月芽接的苗木,打顶时间越往后接穗苗高越小。结合表6可知,10月芽接的苗木以当年12月19日打顶的处理(D1)表现最佳,其接穗茎粗为(4.87±1.06)mm,苗高为(39.36±2.39)cm,11月芽接的苗木以翌年2月19日打顶的处理(D6)表现最佳,其接穗茎粗为(4.63±0.85)mm,苗高为(339.83±4.76)cm。
表7可知,芽接时间对橡胶树籽苗芽接苗的出圃率有显著影响(P<0.05),11月芽接的苗木,其出圃率显著大于10月芽接的苗木。打顶时间及芽接时间和打顶时间的交互作用对橡胶树籽苗芽接苗的出圃率无显著影响。表8的数据进一步反映出打顶时间越晚,相应的出圃时间也随之推迟,但接穗从萌发生长至出圃所需的天数在逐渐缩短。对于冬季10月和11月芽接的苗木,若在当年12月或翌年1月进行打顶,则在5月中下旬即可出圃,若在翌年立春后的2—4月进行打顶,出圃时间会推迟到6—7月。从出圃率来看,10月芽接的苗木以翌年2月19日打顶的处理(D3)出圃率最高,翌年3月19日打顶的处理(D4)出圃率最低;11月芽接的苗木则以翌年1月19日打顶的处理(D5)出圃率最高,翌年3月19日打顶的处理(D7)出圃率最低。
隶属函数的综合评价结果(表9)显示,各处理对接穗生长的综合评价顺序为D6>D7>D3>D1>D5>D4>D8>D2,即冬季11月芽接,翌年立春后2月19日打顶的苗木(D6),其接穗生长表现最好,其次是冬季11月芽接,翌年3月19日打顶的处理(D7),以及冬季10月芽接,翌年2月19日打顶的处理(D3)。相比之下,冬季芽接,冬季立即进行打顶的处理(D1、D2、D5),以及迟迟不对砧木进行打顶操作的处理(D4和D8),其接穗的综合表现较差。综上,如果在冬季10月和11月进行橡胶树籽苗芽接,可带杆越冬,直到翌年立春后的2—3月再进行打顶,这样的管理措施将有助于获得生长状况良好的芽接苗。
嫁接时间是影响嫁接无性系繁殖成功的关键因素之一,其对嫁接成活率、生长速度及后期的生长发育具有显著影响。在核桃嫁接无性系的繁殖过程中,人们发现嫁接时间对核桃的萌芽、成活率和植株生长有显著影响[16-17]。在嫁接番石榴时,研究者们发现不同月份进行嫁接,对番石榴萌芽时间和苗木生长有显著影响,7月和9月进行嫁接,其接穗萌芽时间最短,苗木生长也最佳[18]。本研究发现嫁接时间对橡胶树籽苗芽接苗成活率、抽芽率、接穗苗高、出圃率4个生长指标有显著影响。11月嫁接的苗木在成活率、抽芽率以及出圃率方面均显著高于10月芽接的苗木(P<0.05),接穗生长至两蓬叶时的苗高则显著低于10月芽接(P<0.05)。以上研究表明选择适宜的嫁接时间对于提高嫁接效率和苗木质量至关重要。这主要是因为嫁接时间与气候条件、植物的生长周期密切相关。在适宜的时间进行嫁接,可以减少植物受到不利环境因素(如极端温度、干旱等)的影响。同时在植物生长旺盛期进行嫁接,有利于接穗和砧木的愈合和生长。
对砧木打顶是嫁接无性系繁殖过程中一个关键环节,此操作可去除砧木的顶端优势,重新分配营养物质,从而促进接穗的萌发和生长。在嫁接核桃时人们发现砧木的不同打顶方式对接芽萌动天数和越冬保存率有显著影响,不留复叶的处理萌芽时间最短,复叶全留的处理越冬保存率最高[17]。在橡胶树嫁接无性系的繁殖中,人们普遍发现以折砧的方式进行打顶可防止接穗回枯且成苗率较高,但采用折砧来处理砧木,接穗的萌发往往比截砧慢。而在不同位置进行截砧处理,则可带来不同的效果,截砧位置过低(第一对真叶下方),接穗容易回枯,截砧位置过高、留叶量大则会增加抹芽工作量[11,19-20]。本研究发现,对于橡胶树籽苗芽接苗,待其砧木长至两蓬叶及两蓬叶以上时,再在第一对真叶上方截砧,这样无论是在冬季打顶还是在翌年立春后打顶,均不影响苗木成活,且能将回枯率控制在4%以下。上述研究结果表明,在去除嫁接苗顶端优势的同时,还应充分考虑叶片对于维持砧木生理活动和养分供应以支持接穗初期生长的重要性。
打顶时间亦会影响嫁接苗砧木和接穗的生长状态,黄守锋[21]以11月芽接的橡胶树籽苗芽接苗为材料,通过对比砧木顶芽处理时间与保留叶量对接穗生长的影响,发现全部保留真叶的处理,无论在芽接后15 d或60 d打顶,其成苗或生长效果均最佳。本研究结果表明,冬季(10月和11月)芽接的橡胶树籽苗芽接苗在冬季立即进行打顶处理时,接芽待萌发的时间长,且接穗综合生长表现较差。相对而言,待苗木生长至翌年立春后(2—3月)再打顶,不仅接芽萌发快,接穗生长综合表现也较为良好。出现该结果的主要原因可能是橡胶树籽苗芽接时所选用的砧木通常高度在20~30 cm之间,其真叶发育处于伸长期至古铜期阶段。在此时期,砧木的光合作用能力几乎为零,其存活和生长完全依赖种子所储存的营养物质。由于接芽的营养需求主要来自砧木,过早进行打顶处理会使苗木缺乏营养物质,从而影响接芽萌发和接穗生长。此外,冬季温度较低,苗木在适应恶劣环境条件的同时,还要应对打顶带来的创伤,这无疑会加重其生长负担,导致其接芽迟迟不萌发,或萌发后生长缓慢。
从本研究结果来看,嫁接时间和打顶时间的交互作用对橡胶树籽苗芽接苗的成活率、抽芽率、回枯率、接穗生长量及出圃率无显著影响。在橡胶树籽苗繁育过程中,可以相对独立地对嫁接时间和打顶时间进行调整,但这并不排除交互作用对苗木其他方面可能产生的影响,或在特定环境条件下可能产生的影响。未来的研究可进一步对嫁接时间与打顶时间对橡胶树籽苗芽接苗的养分分配、根系生长以及生理活动等方面的影响进行研究,还可进一步探讨不同环境条件下嫁接时间和打顶时间的最优组合。
在同一环境条件下,嫁接时间和打顶时间对橡胶树籽苗芽接苗的生长影响是独立的,可以分别调整。对于冬季芽接的苗木,建议等到翌年春季再进行打顶,这样可以减少接穗萌发的等待时间,降低劳动量,并保证较高的生长质量,且与当年的种植季相匹配。因此,在生产中应综合考虑嫁接时间、打顶时间、出圃时间等因素,优化苗木生长,满足种植需求。灵活适时的管理能提高橡胶树育苗的科学性和效率。
  • 云南省热带作物科技创新体系建设专项(RF2024-1-1)
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2025年第46卷第5期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.05.013
  • 接收时间:2024-11-21
  • 首发时间:2026-06-26
  • 出版时间:2025-05-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-11-21
  • 录用日期:2025-01-11
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云南省热带作物科技创新体系建设专项(RF2024-1-1)
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    云南省热带作物科学研究所/云南省天然橡胶可持续利用研究重点实验室,云南景洪 666100

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* 孙小龙(SUN Xiaolong),E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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