Article(id=1277240250351096165, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1277239982603502113, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.05.012, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1734278400000, receivedDateStr=2024-12-16, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1737561600000, acceptedDateStr=2025-01-23, onlineDate=1782447405659, onlineDateStr=2026-06-26, pubDate=1748102400000, pubDateStr=2025-05-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1782447405659, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-26, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1782447405659, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1782447405659, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1277239982603502113, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, year='2025', volume='46', issue='5', pageStart='1025', pageEnd='1277', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1748102400000', pubDateStr='2025-05-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1782447341824, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782447947315, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1277242522292319215, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1277239982603502113, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1277242522292319216, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1277239982603502113, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1135, endPage=1144, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1277240251219317095, articleId=1277240250351096165, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=EN, title=Strains Screening and Biological Characteristics of Phallus rubrovolvatus Suitable for Cultivation in Rubber Forests of Tropical Regions, columnId=1236256430060261740, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, columnName=Germplasm Resources, Genetics & Breeding, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

ITS molecular identification and mycelial antagonism experiments on 11 strains collected in the early stage, then screened and studied the biological characteristics of suitable strains for cultivation in tropical regions based on germplasm evaluation to promote the rapid development of Phallus rubrovolvatus industry in tropical regions. The strains collected were all P. rubrovolvatus, of which two strains were synonyms, resulting in a total of 10 different P. rubrovolvatus strains. In mycelial evaluation experience, the mycelia of strains 147, 160, H29 and L70 showed good growth and high degradability on brown sugar medium and rubber sawdust medium, and the mycelia were able to recover growth after stress at 10 ℃ and 35 ℃, making them suitable for off-season cultivation in tropical regions. In rubber forests, four strains were able to produce mushrooms, and H29 produced mushrooms neatly, good shape, storage resistance and high yield (750 kg/667 m2), making it suitable for on-site growing indusium. L70 strain produced more mushroom-eggs, short growth period and high yield (800 kg/667 m2), making it suitable for concentrated growing indusium of mushroom-eggs after harvesting. In the single factor experiment, the nutritional requirements of H29 and L70 mycelia were basically the same, the most suitable carbon sources were trehalose and starch, the most suitable nitrogen source was malt extract, the most suitable temperature was 25-28 ℃, and the most suitable pH was 4-5. In the orthogonal experiment, both strains showed the best growth in formula 4 (soluble starch, malt extract, 25 ℃, pH=4), demonstrating the results of the single factor experiment. Especially, in formula 6, the mycelia of both strains were whiter and denser, making it suitable for the preservation of P. rubrovolvatus. SPSS analysis showed that the influence degree of various factors on mycelial growth was as follows: nitrogen source>pH>carbon source>temperature (H29), nitrogen source>pH>temperature>carbon source (L70), with nitrogen source and pH having a greater impact. The study could provide reference for breeding, large-scale cultivation of P. rubrovolvatus, and the development of mushroom industry in tropical regions.

, authors=null, authorsList=Kaipeng ZHANG, Hanting CHENG, Zhenquan LUO, Lin XU, Lianyan BU, Ye DING, Tingliang YAN, Qinfen LI, Yang YANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Qinfen LI, Yang YANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1277240254977413491, articleId=1277240250351096165, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=CN, title=热区橡胶林下适栽红托竹荪的菌株筛选和生物学特性研究, columnId=1236256430219645304, journalTitle=热带作物学报, columnName=种质资源与遗传育种, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为推动热区红托竹荪产业的快速发展,本研究对收集的11株竹荪菌株进行ITS分子条形码鉴定和菌丝体拮抗试验,并基于种质资源评价开展热区适栽菌株的筛选和生物学特性研究。试验结果表明:(1)收集的11株竹荪菌株均为红托竹荪,其中有2株菌株为同一菌株,即共获得10株不同的红托竹荪菌株;(2)室内菌丝评价中,147、160、H29和L70菌株的菌丝体在红糖培养基和橡胶木屑培养基上均长势较好、吃料较快,且菌丝体在10 ℃和35 ℃胁迫后均能恢复生长,适合热区的反季节栽培;(3)在橡胶林下进行出菇试验,4株红托竹荪菌株均能出菇,其中H29出菇整齐、朵型好、耐储存、产量较高(750 kg/667 m2),适合就地出花;L70菌株出蛋多、生育期短、产量高(800 kg/667 m2),适合竹蛋集中出花;(4)单因素试验中,H29和L70菌丝体的营养需求基本一致,最适碳源为海藻糖和淀粉,最适氮源为麦芽浸粉,最适温度为25~28 ℃,最适pH为4~5;(5)正交试验中,2株菌株的菌丝体均在配方4(可溶性淀粉、麦芽浸粉、25 ℃、pH=4)中长势最好,论证了单因素试验结果,但在配方6中2株菌株的菌丝体更洁白浓密,适合用于红托竹荪的菌种保藏;SPSS分析显示,各因素对菌丝生长的影响程度分别为:氮源>pH>碳源>温度(H29),氮源>pH>温度>碳源(L70),氮源和pH影响较大。本研究结果可为红托竹荪菌株育种、热区规模化栽培红托竹荪,以及热区食用菌产业发展提供参考。

, authors=

张凯鹏(2000—),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:食用菌分子育种。

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* 杨阳(YANG Yang),E-mail:;
李勤奋(LI Qinfen),E-mail:
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2.Key Laboratory of Green and Low Carbon Green Agriculture in Tropical of China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China
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张凯鹏(2000—),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:食用菌分子育种。

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张凯鹏(2000—),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:食用菌分子育种。

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Study on optimization of culture medium and medicinal components of Dictyophora rubrovolvata[D]. Guiyang: Guizhou University, 2021. 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companyId=1277240256592220540, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.Institute of Applied Mycology, College of Plant Science Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1277240256650940798, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240250351096165, companyId=1277240256592220540, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.华中农业大学植物科学技术学院应用真菌研究所,湖北武汉 430070)]), AuthorCompany(id=1277240256780964223, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240250351096165, xref=4., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1277240257011650944, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240250351096165, companyId=1277240256780964223, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4.School of Tropical Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1277240257028428161, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240250351096165, companyId=1277240256780964223, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4.海南医科大学热带医学院,海南海口 571101)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1277240274334126533, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240250351096165, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Gel electrophoresis of ITS sequence and mycelial antagonism test of P. rubrovolvatus, figureFileSmall=xpgtrY86oYx2K0fIF9EPxA==, figureFileBig=5ecbEfUYH79bO4x9oMcNAQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277240274707419590, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240250351096165, language=CN, label=图1, caption=竹荪菌株的ITS电泳和拮抗试验, figureFileSmall=xpgtrY86oYx2K0fIF9EPxA==, figureFileBig=5ecbEfUYH79bO4x9oMcNAQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277240275487560135, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240250351096165, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Mycelial evaluation of P. rubrovolvatus strains

Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference (P<0.05).

, figureFileSmall=ymsjENeBCMR4rmRWclLm1Q==, figureFileBig=0jQiqPQhD5uHre4SwHhQHQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277240275596612040, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240250351096165, language=CN, label=图2, caption=红托竹荪菌株的菌丝体评价

不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=ymsjENeBCMR4rmRWclLm1Q==, figureFileBig=0jQiqPQhD5uHre4SwHhQHQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277240276326420937, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240250351096165, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Characteristic of fruiting bodies of P. rubrovolvatus, figureFileSmall=oKZr3eC2sHkgfDk4DK8maw==, figureFileBig=OBo+dniRI4+Me3On0OU0ZA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277240276431278538, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240250351096165, language=CN, label=图3, caption=红托竹荪菌株的出菇形态, figureFileSmall=oKZr3eC2sHkgfDk4DK8maw==, figureFileBig=OBo+dniRI4+Me3On0OU0ZA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277240276750045643, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240250351096165, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Optimal carbon and nitrogen source screening of P. rubrovolvatus

Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference (P<0.05).

, figureFileSmall=pzdBFikEAIwpCY3WPWzVuA==, figureFileBig=QvK9WOzdSWu9fu0xOgF+tA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277240276825543116, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240250351096165, language=CN, label=图4, caption=红托竹荪碳氮源筛选

不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。

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Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference (P<0.05).

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不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=Z4/e7qcbt5V/ZA+7rN2C8Q==, figureFileBig=Ru0hBwZ6711Vax/5/Cggtw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277240277156893135, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240250351096165, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Information table of P. rubrovolvatus strains

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号No.菌株Strain类型Type来源Source
1147栽培贵州省贵阳市
2160海南省白沙县
3199
4200野生贵州省毕节市
5201
6202贵州省贞丰县
7207栽培福建省福州市
8208海南省白沙县
9H29贵州省贵阳市
10M83
11L70
), ArticleFig(id=1277240278826226128, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240250351096165, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

红托竹荪菌株信息统计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号No.菌株Strain类型Type来源Source
1147栽培贵州省贵阳市
2160海南省白沙县
3199
4200野生贵州省毕节市
5201
6202贵州省贞丰县
7207栽培福建省福州市
8208海南省白沙县
9H29贵州省贵阳市
10M83
11L70
), ArticleFig(id=1277240278901723601, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240250351096165, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Agronomic traits of P. rubrovolvatus strains

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
菌株Strain出原基时间Primordium emergence time/d一潮采收时间Harvesting time/d产量Yield [kg·(667 m–2)]形态描述Morphological character
1472998650竹花较大,裙较长较脆
16035102600竹花较小,裙中等较脆
H292389750竹花较大,裙中等长较软
L703094800竹花中等大,裙较长较脆
), ArticleFig(id=1277240279283405266, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240250351096165, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

红托竹荪菌株的农艺性状

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
菌株Strain出原基时间Primordium emergence time/d一潮采收时间Harvesting time/d产量Yield [kg·(667 m–2)]形态描述Morphological character
1472998650竹花较大,裙较长较脆
16035102600竹花较小,裙中等较脆
H292389750竹花较大,裙中等长较软
L703094800竹花中等大,裙较长较脆
), ArticleFig(id=1277240279690252755, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240250351096165, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

Orthogonal experimental design of mycelial growth of P. rubrovolvatus

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号No.碳源Carbon source氮源Nitrogen source温度TemperaturepH
1海藻糖蛋白胨224
2淀粉硫酸铵255
3蔗糖麦芽浸粉286
), ArticleFig(id=1277240279786721748, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240250351096165, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

红托竹荪菌丝生长的正交试验设计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号No.碳源Carbon source氮源Nitrogen source温度TemperaturepH
1海藻糖蛋白胨224
2淀粉硫酸铵255
3蔗糖麦芽浸粉286
), ArticleFig(id=1277240280080323030, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240250351096165, language=EN, label=Tab. 4, caption=

Orthogonal experimental results of H29

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号No.碳源Carbon source氮源Nitrogen source温度TemperaturepH菌丝生长速度Mycelial growth rate/(cm·d–1)
132310.3481±0.013a
233120.3504±0.010a
321320.1656±0.012d
423210.3535±0.017a
522130.2386±0.006c
613330.3008±0.013b
711110.2412±0.022c
831230.1169±0.013e
912220.2944±0.082b
K10.8360.5240.8300.943
K20.7580.8810.7650.810
K30.8151.0050.8150.656
k10.2790.1750.2770.314
k20.2530.2940.2550.270
k30.2720.3350.2720.219
R0.0260.1600.0220.096
), ArticleFig(id=1277240280176792023, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240250351096165, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

H29菌株的正交试验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号No.碳源Carbon source氮源Nitrogen source温度TemperaturepH菌丝生长速度Mycelial growth rate/(cm·d–1)
132310.3481±0.013a
233120.3504±0.010a
321320.1656±0.012d
423210.3535±0.017a
522130.2386±0.006c
613330.3008±0.013b
711110.2412±0.022c
831230.1169±0.013e
912220.2944±0.082b
K10.8360.5240.8300.943
K20.7580.8810.7650.810
K30.8151.0050.8150.656
k10.2790.1750.2770.314
k20.2530.2940.2550.270
k30.2720.3350.2720.219
R0.0260.1600.0220.096
), ArticleFig(id=1277240280529113560, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240250351096165, language=EN, label=Tab. 5, caption=

Orthogonal experimental results of L70

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号No.碳源Carbon source氮源Nitrogen source温度Temperature菌丝生长速度Mycelial growth rate/(cm·d–1)
132310.3554±0.02c
233120.3361±0.02cd
321320.2400±0.01e
423210.4800±0.05a
522130.3610±0.01bc
613330.3465±0.01c
711110.2658±0.01e
831230.3107±0.09d
912220.3871±0.01b
K10.9990.8170.9631.101
K21.0811.1041.1780.963
K31.0021.1630.9421.018
k10.3330.2720.3210.367
k20.3600.3680.3930.321
k30.3340.3880.3140.339
R0.0270.1150.0790.046
), ArticleFig(id=1277240280944349657, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240250351096165, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

L70菌株的正交试验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号No.碳源Carbon source氮源Nitrogen source温度Temperature菌丝生长速度Mycelial growth rate/(cm·d–1)
132310.3554±0.02c
233120.3361±0.02cd
321320.2400±0.01e
423210.4800±0.05a
522130.3610±0.01bc
613330.3465±0.01c
711110.2658±0.01e
831230.3107±0.09d
912220.3871±0.01b
K10.9990.8170.9631.101
K21.0811.1041.1780.963
K31.0021.1630.9421.018
k10.3330.2720.3210.367
k20.3600.3680.3930.321
k30.3340.3880.3140.339
R0.0270.1150.0790.046
), ArticleFig(id=1277240281355391450, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240250351096165, language=EN, label=Tab. 6, caption=

Variance analysis of H29

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
来源Source平方和Sum of squares自由度dfFP
碳源0.009222.317*
氮源0.3402859.599*
温度0.007217.091*
pH0.1052264.659*
误差0.01367
总和6.22276
), ArticleFig(id=1277240281779016155, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240250351096165, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

H29菌株的方差分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
来源Source平方和Sum of squares自由度dfFP
碳源0.009222.317*
氮源0.3402859.599*
温度0.007217.091*
pH0.1052264.659*
误差0.01367
总和6.22276
), ArticleFig(id=1277240283486097884, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240250351096165, language=EN, label=Tab. 7, caption=

Variance analysis of L70 strain

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
来源Source平方和Sum of squares自由度dfFP
碳源0.01426.980*
氮源0.2062100.839*
温度0.104250.693*
pH0.035216.909*
误差0.08482
总和11.22591
), ArticleFig(id=1277240283855196637, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240250351096165, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

L70菌株的方差分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
来源Source平方和Sum of squares自由度dfFP
碳源0.01426.980*
氮源0.2062100.839*
温度0.104250.693*
pH0.035216.909*
误差0.08482
总和11.22591
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热区橡胶林下适栽红托竹荪的菌株筛选和生物学特性研究
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张凯鹏 1, 2, 3 , 程汉亭 1, 2 , 罗贞全 4 , 徐林 1, 2 , 步连燕 1, 2 , 丁野 1, 2 , 严廷良 1, 2 , 李勤奋 1, 2, * , 杨阳 1, 2, *
热带作物学报 | 种质资源与遗传育种 2025,46(5): 1135-1144
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热带作物学报 |种质资源与遗传育种 2025 , 46 (5) : 1135 -1144
热区橡胶林下适栽红托竹荪的菌株筛选和生物学特性研究
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张凯鹏1, 2, 3, 程汉亭1, 2, 罗贞全4, 徐林1, 2, 步连燕1, 2, 丁野1, 2, 严廷良1, 2, 李勤奋1, 2, * , 杨阳1, 2, *
作者信息
  • 1.中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所/海南省热带生态循环农业重点实验室,海南海口 571101
  • 2.农业农村部热区高效农业绿色低碳重点实验室,海南海口 571101
  • 3.华中农业大学植物科学技术学院应用真菌研究所,湖北武汉 430070
  • 4.海南医科大学热带医学院,海南海口 571101
通讯作者:
* 杨阳(YANG Yang),E-mail:;
李勤奋(LI Qinfen),E-mail:
Strains Screening and Biological Characteristics of Phallus rubrovolvatus Suitable for Cultivation in Rubber Forests of Tropical Regions
Kaipeng ZHANG1, 2, 3, Hanting CHENG1, 2, Zhenquan LUO4, Lin XU1, 2, Lianyan BU1, 2, Ye DING1, 2, Tingliang YAN1, 2, Qinfen LI1, 2, * , Yang YANG1, 2, *
Affiliations
  • 1.Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences / Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Eco-Circular Agriculture, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China
  • 2.Key Laboratory of Green and Low Carbon Green Agriculture in Tropical of China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China
  • 3.Institute of Applied Mycology, College of Plant Science Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
  • 4.School of Tropical Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China
出版时间: 2025-05-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.05.012
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为推动热区红托竹荪产业的快速发展,本研究对收集的11株竹荪菌株进行ITS分子条形码鉴定和菌丝体拮抗试验,并基于种质资源评价开展热区适栽菌株的筛选和生物学特性研究。试验结果表明:(1)收集的11株竹荪菌株均为红托竹荪,其中有2株菌株为同一菌株,即共获得10株不同的红托竹荪菌株;(2)室内菌丝评价中,147、160、H29和L70菌株的菌丝体在红糖培养基和橡胶木屑培养基上均长势较好、吃料较快,且菌丝体在10 ℃和35 ℃胁迫后均能恢复生长,适合热区的反季节栽培;(3)在橡胶林下进行出菇试验,4株红托竹荪菌株均能出菇,其中H29出菇整齐、朵型好、耐储存、产量较高(750 kg/667 m2),适合就地出花;L70菌株出蛋多、生育期短、产量高(800 kg/667 m2),适合竹蛋集中出花;(4)单因素试验中,H29和L70菌丝体的营养需求基本一致,最适碳源为海藻糖和淀粉,最适氮源为麦芽浸粉,最适温度为25~28 ℃,最适pH为4~5;(5)正交试验中,2株菌株的菌丝体均在配方4(可溶性淀粉、麦芽浸粉、25 ℃、pH=4)中长势最好,论证了单因素试验结果,但在配方6中2株菌株的菌丝体更洁白浓密,适合用于红托竹荪的菌种保藏;SPSS分析显示,各因素对菌丝生长的影响程度分别为:氮源>pH>碳源>温度(H29),氮源>pH>温度>碳源(L70),氮源和pH影响较大。本研究结果可为红托竹荪菌株育种、热区规模化栽培红托竹荪,以及热区食用菌产业发展提供参考。

红托竹荪  /  热带地区  /  营养需求  /  生长条件  /  橡胶产业

ITS molecular identification and mycelial antagonism experiments on 11 strains collected in the early stage, then screened and studied the biological characteristics of suitable strains for cultivation in tropical regions based on germplasm evaluation to promote the rapid development of Phallus rubrovolvatus industry in tropical regions. The strains collected were all P. rubrovolvatus, of which two strains were synonyms, resulting in a total of 10 different P. rubrovolvatus strains. In mycelial evaluation experience, the mycelia of strains 147, 160, H29 and L70 showed good growth and high degradability on brown sugar medium and rubber sawdust medium, and the mycelia were able to recover growth after stress at 10 ℃ and 35 ℃, making them suitable for off-season cultivation in tropical regions. In rubber forests, four strains were able to produce mushrooms, and H29 produced mushrooms neatly, good shape, storage resistance and high yield (750 kg/667 m2), making it suitable for on-site growing indusium. L70 strain produced more mushroom-eggs, short growth period and high yield (800 kg/667 m2), making it suitable for concentrated growing indusium of mushroom-eggs after harvesting. In the single factor experiment, the nutritional requirements of H29 and L70 mycelia were basically the same, the most suitable carbon sources were trehalose and starch, the most suitable nitrogen source was malt extract, the most suitable temperature was 25-28 ℃, and the most suitable pH was 4-5. In the orthogonal experiment, both strains showed the best growth in formula 4 (soluble starch, malt extract, 25 ℃, pH=4), demonstrating the results of the single factor experiment. Especially, in formula 6, the mycelia of both strains were whiter and denser, making it suitable for the preservation of P. rubrovolvatus. SPSS analysis showed that the influence degree of various factors on mycelial growth was as follows: nitrogen source>pH>carbon source>temperature (H29), nitrogen source>pH>temperature>carbon source (L70), with nitrogen source and pH having a greater impact. The study could provide reference for breeding, large-scale cultivation of P. rubrovolvatus, and the development of mushroom industry in tropical regions.

Phallus rubrovolvatus  /  tropical regions  /  nutrition demand  /  growth conditions  /  rubber industry
张凯鹏, 程汉亭, 罗贞全, 徐林, 步连燕, 丁野, 严廷良, 李勤奋, 杨阳. 热区橡胶林下适栽红托竹荪的菌株筛选和生物学特性研究. 热带作物学报, 2025 , 46 (5) : 1135 -1144 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.05.012
Kaipeng ZHANG, Hanting CHENG, Zhenquan LUO, Lin XU, Lianyan BU, Ye DING, Tingliang YAN, Qinfen LI, Yang YANG. Strains Screening and Biological Characteristics of Phallus rubrovolvatus Suitable for Cultivation in Rubber Forests of Tropical Regions[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2025 , 46 (5) : 1135 -1144 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.05.012
红托竹荪[Phallus rubrovolvatus(M. Zang,D.G. Ji & X.X. Liu)Kreisel],又名织金竹荪,素有“菌中皇后”、“山珍之王”的美誉[1-2]。其味道鲜美、营养丰富[3],具有抗氧化[4]、抗衰老[5]、抗肿瘤[6]、护肝[7]等多种药用功能,深受消费者喜爱。目前,红托竹荪被公认为是我国广泛种植的四大竹荪中品质最优的中温型食用菌,是一种理想栽培的珍稀食药用菌,市场前景广阔[8]。热区反季节栽培红托竹荪,有助于解决食用菌生产淡季的市场供应问题,对热区食用菌产业发展具有重要意义[9]。橡胶是热区重要的经济作物,其林下复合结构明显,具有天然氧吧、水分涵养和环境稳定等优势,为发展林下食用菌提供了优越的自然条件[10]。在橡胶林下栽培红托竹荪,既可以充分利用橡胶林条件降低栽培成本,还能通过土壤改良促进橡胶树生长,有助于橡胶林下复合经济的绿色可持续发展[11]。同时,林下食用菌栽培还可为当地居民提供务工岗位,解决部分农民的就业问题,具有一定的社会效益[12]
目前,红托竹荪主要在贵州、云南、广西、福建、广东等地栽培,其中以福建三明市、南平市以及云南昭通市、贵州毕节市、四川宜宾市最为有名[13]。在海南,红托竹荪的栽培起步较晚,且主要集中在白沙和海口两地的橡胶林下栽培。据不完全统计,红托竹荪在海南的栽培规模从2020年到2024年累计约33.3万m2,年产值突破1500万元。突出的经济效益极大地提高了农户对红托竹荪栽培的积极性,其栽培面积也随之增加,成为热区食用菌产业中期望较高的栽培物种。
种质资源是食用菌研究的基础,对食用菌产业发展至关重要[14]。研究人员发现,我国红托竹荪菌株的遗传多样性丰富[15],在生育期、产量、子实体大小和形态等多种农艺性状上存在显著差异[16],为红托竹荪菌株的遗传育种和定向培育奠定了基础。然而,红托竹荪在热区的栽培刚刚起步,适栽菌株的筛选工作尚未开展。目前,热区栽培的红托竹荪菌棒多采购自贵州、四川等地,存在菌种不适宜、栽培基质不明确、运输成本高等诸多问题。并且,我国热区的食用菌栽培主要以橡胶木屑为主,红托竹荪对橡胶木屑的降解利用也尚不明确。课题组前期研究发现,以橡胶木屑为主料的红托竹荪菌棒,在菌丝体生长后期会出现菌棒变软、后劲不足等问题,对红托竹荪的本地化制种存在困扰。另一方面,在食用菌生长发育过程中,不同物种甚至同一物种的不同菌株所需要的营养和环境是不同的[17]。唐玲等[18]通过将不同竹荪菌株接种在相同培养基中,观察到菌株间菌丝生长差异明显,有的菌株长势较好,但有的几乎不生长。进一步比较发现,不同菌株的生长温度和pH也存在一定差异[19]。因此,探究各菌株的生物学特性在菌株的扩大培养中十分必要。
本研究以前期在国内收集的11株红托竹荪菌株为材料,通过比较菌丝长势、橡胶木屑吃料能力、温度适应性和出菇性状等,综合筛选热区适栽的红托竹荪菌株。并基于单因素和正交试验,针对性开展适栽菌株的生物学特性研究,以明确其菌丝体生长的培养基配方和培养条件。该研究结果,对热区红托竹荪的规模化栽培,以及热区林下复合经济的可持续发展具有推动作用。
实验室前期在国内收集的11株竹荪菌株,具体信息见表1。所有菌株现保存于中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所菌种保藏中心。
(1)基础培养基:葡萄糖20 g、麦芽浸粉10 g、红糖10 g、琼脂20 g,加水定容至1 L;(2)红糖培养基:蔗糖8.75 g、可溶性淀粉3.125 g、麸皮2.5 g、豆粉1.25 g、酵母浸粉0.5 g、红糖8.75 g、VB1 1片、磷酸二氢钾1.25 g、硫酸镁1 g、琼脂20 g,加水定容至1 L;橡胶木屑培养基:(3)橡胶木屑60%、麦麸15%、白糖1%、KH2PO4 0.2%、MgSO4 0.3%、石膏1.5%、三十烷醇1 mg/L,培养料湿度65%。
使用新型植物基因组DNA提取试剂盒,提取11株竹荪菌株的DNA,并用1%的琼脂糖凝胶电泳评估DNA质量。采用通用引物ITS1/ITS4进行PCR扩增,扩增体系和扩增程序参考陆珠等[20]的方法。将PCR产物送到深圳华大基因有限公司进行测序,测序结果在NCBI数据库中进行BLAST比对。
将鉴定为红托竹荪的菌株活化后,用直径7 mm的无菌枪头打孔,采用“两两对峙”的方法接种在平板上。25 ℃恒温暗培养至2株菌株的菌丝体接触后,继续培养3~5 d观察是否有拮抗线。
(1)菌丝体生长速度和吃料能力评价。用直径8 mm的无菌枪头在活化好的竹荪平板上打孔,分别转移到红糖培养基和橡胶木屑培养基正中央,25 ℃恒温暗培养。采用“十”字交叉法计算菌丝生长速度,并观察菌丝长势,+表示菌丝较稀疏;++表示菌丝浓密;+++表示菌丝很浓密。每个处理设3个生物学重复,试验数据在SPSS软件中分析[21]
(2)菌丝体温度适应性评价。结合热区冬季温度变化特点,将活化好的竹荪菌丝体,转移到新的红糖培养基上继续培养1周后,分别进行10 ℃和35 ℃的温度胁迫24 h,之后重新放回25 ℃培养箱继续培养,观察各菌株的菌丝体能否恢复生长,并记录菌丝恢复生长速度。
(3)红托竹荪的室外出菇试验。基于菌丝体评价结果,将初筛菌株的菌棒在橡胶林下进行反季节栽培。观察并统计各菌株的出菇产量、生育期、子实体形态等农艺性状,综合筛选胶林下适栽的红托竹荪菌株。
(1)碳源试验。分别用果糖、可溶性淀粉、海藻糖、蔗糖为碳源,替代基础培养基中的葡萄糖。用直径7 mm的无菌枪头打孔,将圆形菌块接种在培养基中央,25 ℃恒温暗培养至菌丝长满。接种、测量和分析方法同1.2.3(1)。
(2)氮源试验。分别以酵母浸粉、蛋白胨、尿素、硫酸铵为氮源,替代基础培养基中的酵母浸粉。接种、测量和分析方法同1.2.3(1)。
(3)温度试验。在基础培养基上接种后,分别置于19、22、25、28、31 ℃培养箱中恒温暗培养。接种、测量和分析方法同1.2.3(1)。
(4)pH试验。以基础培养基为供试培养基,灭菌后在超净台内用1 mol/L的HCL和NaOH调节pH,分别调至pH为4、5、6、7、8。接种、测量和分析方法同1.2.3(1)。
(5)正交试验。基于单因素试验结果,分别从各因素中选取3个长势最好的条件,组成4因素3水平的正交试验,对培养条件进行验证和优化。接种、测量和分析方法同1.2.3(1)。
利用SPSS 26软件对试验数据进行统计分析,使用GraphPad Prism 9.5软件进行作图[20-21]
经基因组提取和ITS1/ITS4扩增,获得了11个竹荪菌株的rDNA-ITS序列,琼脂糖凝胶电泳结果显示条带大小均在600 bp左右(图1A)。在NCBI数据库中进行BLAST同源性对比,所有菌株的ITS序列与已公布的红托竹荪ITS序列的相似性均在99%以上。因此,鉴定11个竹荪菌株均为红托竹荪。
将11株红托竹荪菌株进行两两对峙培养,发现菌株199和菌株M83间无明显拮抗线,且菌丝形态一致,2株菌株应为同一菌株。其他10个菌株间,均存在显著的拮抗线,为不同菌株(图1B)。
图2A所示,各菌株在红糖培养基上的生长速度差异明显,菌落形态也有所不同。菌株147、160、207、H29和L70的菌丝体生长速度最快,为0.44~0.67 cm/d,其中菌株207和H29的菌丝更浓密。菌株200和201生长速度较快,分别为0.37、0.36 cm/d,菌丝较浓密。菌株202、208和M83生长速度最慢,为0.23~0.28 cm/d,并出现了菌丝体不规则加厚。
基于前期配方筛选,选取橡胶木屑添加比例分别为0和45%的木屑配方进行吃料能力评价。结果显示(图2B),各菌株在橡胶木屑培养基上均能生长。其中,菌株200、208和M83的菌丝体在橡胶木屑上长势最好,生长速度为0.14~0.15 cm/d。其次是菌株147、160、201、H29和L70,生长速度为0.13~0.14 cm/d。菌株202和207的吃料能力一般。除菌株202、207和L70外,橡胶木屑培养基上的菌丝长势总体优于杂屑培养基。
图2C所示,各菌株对温度胁迫的响应存在一定差异。遭受10 ℃低温胁迫后,各菌株的菌丝体均能恢复生长,但生长速度差异较大。其中,147、160的恢复生长速度最快为0.39和0.41 cm/d;200和L70的恢复生长速度较快,为0.23 cm/d;208的恢复生长速度最慢,仅为0.02 cm/d。在35 ℃高温胁迫下,各菌株菌丝体的恢复生长情况也存在较大差异。其中,147、200、H29和L70的恢复生长速度较快,为0.11~0.14 cm/d;菌株201、208、M83的菌丝体几乎不能生长,恢复生长速度仅为0.02~0.04 cm/d。
基于菌丝评价结果,对菌株147、160、H29和L70菌株进行热区橡胶林下的出菇试验。结果表明(表2图3),各菌株均能正常出菇,但在生育期、产量、子实体形态等方面表现出差异。其中,菌株H29出菇整齐、朵型好、产量较高(750 kg/667 m2),竹花较软且耐储存,适合就地出花后售卖。L70菌株出蛋多、生育期短、产量高(800 kg/667 m2),但竹花较脆耐存储,适合竹蛋期采摘后统一出花。
综上,菌株H29和L70的菌丝体和出菇性状综合表现最优,可作为热区橡胶林下适栽菌株。
图4A可知,H29和L70的菌丝体在5种供试碳源上均可生长,但菌丝生长速度和长势存在差异。以海藻糖为碳源时,2株菌株的菌丝生长速度最快,分别为0.40、0.41 cm/d,且菌丝浓密,菌落形状整齐;以可溶性淀粉为碳源时,2株菌株的菌丝浓密且菌落规则,菌丝生长速度与海棠糖差异不显著;以蔗糖为碳源时,L70的菌丝生长速度与海棠糖和淀粉差异不显著,但菌落边缘菌丝稀疏且不规则,H29的菌丝浓密,但生长速度较慢;以葡萄糖和果糖为碳源时,2株菌株生长速度较慢,与其他碳源差异显著。综上,2株红托竹荪的最适碳源均为海藻糖和淀粉。
图4B可知,H29和L70的菌丝体在5种供试氮源上,生长速度和长势均存在显著差异,且在尿素培养基上均不能生长。以硫酸铵为氮源时,菌丝生长速度最快,分别为0.25 cm/d和0.32 cm/d,但菌丝非常稀薄;以麦芽浸粉为氮源时,菌落形状不规则,但菌丝生长速度较快且菌丝较浓密,其中H29的菌丝生长速度与硫酸铵上差异不显著;以蛋白胨为氮源时,菌丝浓密且菌落形状较规则,但生长速度较慢,分别为0.14 cm/d和0.15 cm/d;以酵母浸粉为氮源时,菌落规则,但菌丝萌发后生长速度过慢,其中H29的菌丝几乎不再生长。综合菌丝长势,2株红托竹荪在本研究中的最适氮源均为麦芽浸粉。
图5A可知,H29和L70的菌丝体在19~31 ℃范围内均能生长,且菌丝生长速度随温度升高呈现先增加后下降的趋势。H29菌株在25 ℃和28 ℃生长速度最快,分别为0.31 cm/d和0.32 cm/d,菌丝浓密且菌落规则;在22 ℃条件下,菌丝生长速度显著下降,并且菌落边缘出现不规则加厚。L70菌株在28 ℃生长速度最快,为0.39 cm/d,菌丝浓密且菌落形状规则;在22 ℃和25 ℃时菌丝生长速度较快,但与28 ℃存在显著差异。2株菌株在19 ℃和31 ℃条件下,菌丝生长均受到抑制,后期几乎不生长。综上,H29的最适温度为25~28 ℃,L70的最适温度为28 ℃。
图5B可知,2株菌株的菌丝体在pH 4~8范围内的生长速度和长势均存在显著差异。H29菌株在pH 4和pH 5条件下生长速度最快,分别为0.22 cm/d和0.21 cm/d,菌丝较浓密且菌落形状规则;在pH 6和pH 7条件下菌丝生长速度较快,但均出现同心圆式胁迫生长圈,菌落边缘菌丝稀疏;在pH 8条件下停止生长。L70菌株在pH 4~6范围内菌丝生长较快菌落形状规则,在pH 5时菌丝生长速度最快(0.39 cm/d)且菌丝最浓密;在pH超过6后菌丝生长速度显著下降且菌丝变稀疏,与H29一样出现同心圆式胁迫生长圈。综上,2株红托竹荪的菌丝均喜酸性生长,在pH 4~5条件下长势最好。
基于单因素试验结果进一步开展正交试验(表3),以验证和优化2株菌株菌丝体生长的最优条件。结果表明(表4表5),H29和L70在9种配方下均可生长,但菌丝体的生长速度和长势存在显著差异。H29菌株在配方1、2和4条件下菌丝生长速度最快,但在配方1和2条件下菌丝稀疏,生物量较低,在配方4(淀粉、麦芽浸粉、25 ℃和pH 4)条件下菌丝浓密且菌落形状规则。L70菌株在配方4条件下生长速度最快,为0.48 cm/d,菌丝浓密且性状规则。进一步比较发现,2株菌株在配方6(海藻糖,麦芽浸粉、28 ℃和pH=6)条件下菌丝生长速度虽与配方4具有显著差异,但菌丝最浓密且性状规则。
SPSS分析结果(表6表7)显示,各因素对H29菌丝生长的影响程度依次为:氮源>pH>碳源>温度,对L70菌丝生长的影响程度依次为:氮源>pH>温度>碳源。结果表明,氮源和pH对红托竹荪菌丝生长的影响程度较大,碳源和温度的影响程度较小。
由于我国热带地区长夏短冬,夏季高温多雨,食用菌产业发展一直相对滞后。据统计,海南省食用菌栽培起源于20世纪80年代,截止目前,规模化生产企业仅有12家,年产菌棒4000万棒,与多数食用菌大省相差甚远[22]。目前,在我国热区栽培的食用菌多为高温型菌株,种类仅10种左右,已规模化栽培的更是屈指可数[23]。近年来,团队成员发现在热区反季节栽培红托竹荪具有较高的经济效益。同时,热区橡胶林资源丰富,发展橡胶林下食用菌产业,对稳定胶农增收、胶企增效也具有重要意义。
近年来,随着食用菌产业的不断发展,市场上菇农自行引种、制种、继代培养等问题加剧,菌种单一、退化、同物异名的问题愈加突出[24]。本研究对收集的竹荪菌株进行拮抗试验发现,菌株199和M83菌株间无明显拮抗线,可能为同一菌株,为后续的菌株筛选提供了参考。通过菌丝体吃料能力评价发现,多数菌株在橡胶木屑上的吃料能力较差,生长较慢。并且,在遭受拟合热区冬季温度变化的低温(10 ℃)和高温胁迫(35 ℃)后,菌丝体恢复生长速度较慢。推测可能由于红托竹荪长期在贵州、四川等地栽培,菌株本身形成了环境和基质适应性,导致其对新环境和新基质的适应性较差[25]。可见,在食用菌引种过程中,菌株的本地化筛选和评价具有其必要性。
据统计,目前食用菌的生物学特性研究大多只针对一株菌株开展,由于菌株间的遗传多样性,导致试验结果的通用性较差[26]。因此,本研究以筛选的2株农艺性状不同的菌株H29和L70为材料,通过单因素和正交试验探究菌丝生长的最适碳源、碳源、温度和pH,为后续红托竹荪在热区的扩大栽培奠定基础。结果表明,2株菌株在多糖和双糖上的菌丝长势优于单糖培养基,与多数食用菌优先利用单糖或双糖的结果有一定差异[27]。推测可能是由于红托竹荪菌丝生长较慢,多糖和双糖可以提供更多、更丰富的能量供其生长,因此长势更好[28]。在氮源筛选试验中,菌丝体在硫酸铵培养基上生长最快,与龚光禄等[29]研究相符,但菌丝体较稀薄;在麦芽浸粉培养基上,菌丝生长速度较快且菌丝较浓密。可见红托竹荪菌株和大多数食用菌一样,在有机氮上长势更好[30-32]。在温度筛选试验中,2株菌株在25~28 ℃范围内长势更好,在19 ℃和31 ℃条件下形成胁迫生长圈,可能与其长期的温度适应性相关[33]。在pH筛选试验中,发现2株菌株均喜酸性生长,在pH 4~5范围内长势最好,与前人研究相符[34]。这一现象可能与野生红托竹荪菌株的竹林生境相关[35]。正交试验发现,2株菌株虽然在9个配方中均可以生长,但菌丝浓密度存在显著差异。特别是在硫酸铵培养基上,菌丝较薄,与单因素试验结果一致。但在配方6上菌丝生长速度虽与配方4有显著差异,但菌丝更加洁白浓密,可能与各因素间的相互作用有关[36]
综上,红托竹荪菌株H29和L70适合在热区橡胶林下进行反季节栽培,且2株菌株的生物学特性基本一致。本研究结果可为热区红托竹荪的规模化栽培奠定基础,对红托竹荪菌株的杂交育种、定向培育等也具有一定的参考价值。
  • 海南省自然科学基金项目(322QN365)
  • 中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(1630042022003)
  • 海南省重点研发项目(ZDYF2023XDNY065)
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2025年第46卷第5期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.05.012
  • 接收时间:2024-12-16
  • 首发时间:2026-06-26
  • 出版时间:2025-05-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-12-16
  • 录用日期:2025-01-23
基金
海南省自然科学基金项目(322QN365)
中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(1630042022003)
海南省重点研发项目(ZDYF2023XDNY065)
作者信息
    1.中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所/海南省热带生态循环农业重点实验室,海南海口 571101
    2.农业农村部热区高效农业绿色低碳重点实验室,海南海口 571101
    3.华中农业大学植物科学技术学院应用真菌研究所,湖北武汉 430070
    4.海南医科大学热带医学院,海南海口 571101

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* 杨阳(YANG Yang),E-mail:;
李勤奋(LI Qinfen),E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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