Article(id=1277239989536690975, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1277239982603502113, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.05.006, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1733068800000, receivedDateStr=2024-12-02, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1735315200000, acceptedDateStr=2024-12-28, onlineDate=1782447343476, onlineDateStr=2026-06-26, pubDate=1748102400000, pubDateStr=2025-05-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1782447343476, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-26, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1782447343476, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1782447343476, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1277239982603502113, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, year='2025', volume='46', issue='5', pageStart='1025', pageEnd='1277', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1748102400000', pubDateStr='2025-05-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1782447341824, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782447947315, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1277242522292319215, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1277239982603502113, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1277242522292319216, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1277239982603502113, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1076, endPage=1083, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1277239992795665185, articleId=1277239989536690975, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=EN, title=Cloning and Expression Analysis of the Gene AsCYP131 in Aquilaria sinensis, columnId=1236256430337085821, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, columnName=Omics & Biotechnology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The fruit of Aquilaria sinensis contains a class of tetracyclic triterpenoids known as cucurbitacins, which exhibit anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, and antitumor activities. Cytochrome P450s (CYP) are key enzymes in the biosynthesis pathway of cucurbitacins. The P450 genes for cucurbitacin synthesis in A. sinensis have not been extensively studied. In this study, a P450 gene (AsCYP131) was cloned based on A. sinensis transcriptome data. The complete open reading frame (ORF) of AsCYP131 gene was 1491 bp, encoding a protein of 496 amino acids with a molecular weight of 55.39 kDa. The theoretical isoelectric point (pI) of the protein was 7.65, with an average hydrophilicity coefficient of –0.053, and an instability index of 47.16, classifying it as an unstable protein. The protein contained 40 potential phosphorylation sites, and its secondary structure was predominantly composed of α-helix and random coil. The results of multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic tree analysis showed that the protein encoded by the AsCYP131 gene clustered into a single unit with CsCYP, CmCYP, and ClCYP, which have been reported to be involved in the biosynthesis of cucurbitacins. The sequence of the functional structural domains at the C-terminal showed high consistency. At the same time, the expression levels of AsCYP131 in different tissues of A. sinensis detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). The results indicated differential expression levels of AsCYP131 across various tissues, including roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits, and seeds, with the highest relative expression observed in fruits. This study would serve as a valuable reference for the subsequent validation of the functional role of the AsCYP131 gene in cucurbitacin biosynthesis.

, authors=null, authorsList=Xing HUANG, Wenli MEI, Hao WANG, Shengzhuo HUANG, Xin CHEN, Shoubai LIU, Haofu DAI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Shoubai LIU, Haofu DAI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1277240006250992432, articleId=1277239989536690975, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=CN, title=白木香AsCYP131基因的克隆及表达分析, columnId=1236256430517440904, journalTitle=热带作物学报, columnName=组学与生物技术, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

白木香果实中含有一类四环三萜化合物葫芦素,其具有抗炎、保肝和抗肿瘤等活性。细胞色素P450酶(cytochrome P450,CYP)是葫芦素生物合成途径中的关键酶。白木香中参与葫芦素合成的P450基因尚未得到深入研究,本研究基于白木香转录组数据,克隆了1个P450基因(AsCYP131)。该基因的开放阅读框(ORF)长度为1491 bp,编码496个氨基酸,蛋白分子质量为55.39 kDa,理论等电点(pI)为7.65,亲水性平均系数为–0.053,不稳定系数为47.16,属于不稳定蛋白,包含40个潜在磷酸化位点,二级结构以α螺旋和无规则卷曲为主。多重序列比对和系统进化树分析结果显示,AsCYP131基因编码的蛋白与已报道参与葫芦素生物合成的CsCYP、CmCYP和ClCYP聚为一支,C端的功能结构域序列表现出显著的一致性。通过实时荧光定量PCR(RT-qPCR)检测AsCYP131在白木香不同组织中的表达水平,结果表明,AsCYP131在根、茎、叶、花、果实、种子中的表达水平存在差异,在果实中的相对表达量最高。本研究为进一步揭示AsCYP131基因在葫芦素生物合成中的功能提供参考依据。

, authors=

黄兴(1999—),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:分子生物学。

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* 刘寿柏(LIU Shoubai),E-mail:;
戴好富(DAI Haofu),E-mail:
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黄兴(1999—),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:分子生物学。

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黄兴(1999—),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:分子生物学。

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(in Chinese), articleTitle=Expression of psoralen synthase gene and effect of its product synthesis in different parts of Ficus hirta Vahl, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1277240055710225271, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277239989536690975, awardId=KJRC2023C25, language=CN, fundingSource=海南省科技人才创新项目(KJRC2023C25), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1277240056570057592, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277239989536690975, awardId=CARS-21, language=CN, fundingSource=财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-21), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1277240057387946873, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277239989536690975, awardId=CATASCXTD202406, language=CN, fundingSource=中国热带农业科学院国家热带农业科学中心科技创新团队项目(CATASCXTD202406), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1277240009564492594, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277239989536690975, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1277240009627407155, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277239989536690975, companyId=1277240009564492594, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University / Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1277240009979728692, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277239989536690975, companyId=1277240009564492594, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.海南大学热带农林学院/热带特色林木花卉遗传与种质创新教育部重点实验室,海南海口 570228)]), AuthorCompany(id=1277240011221242678, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277239989536690975, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1277240011271574327, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277239989536690975, companyId=1277240011221242678, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development of Li Folk Medicine of Hainan Province / Hainan Engineering Research Center of Agarwood / International Joint Research Center of Agarwood, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1277240011313517368, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277239989536690975, companyId=1277240011221242678, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.中国热带农业科学院热带生物技术研究所/海南省黎药资源天然产物研究与利用重点实验室/海南省沉香工程技术研究中心/沉香国际联合研究中心,海南海口 571101)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1277240043517383528, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277239989536690975, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=PCR amplification result of AsCYP131 gene ORF, figureFileSmall=vZFoDPgL/u1Tkfb+RmtC5Q==, figureFileBig=ROYa+AcBPFLOQU7h3tF+eg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277240045228659561, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277239989536690975, language=CN, label=图1, caption=AsCYP131基因ORF的PCR扩增结果

M: DL2500 DNA marker.

, figureFileSmall=vZFoDPgL/u1Tkfb+RmtC5Q==, figureFileBig=ROYa+AcBPFLOQU7h3tF+eg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277240046054937450, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277239989536690975, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Amino acid homologous sequence alignment of AsCYP131 gene, figureFileSmall=edMt+8ohTXpS7zOeVFWjZA==, figureFileBig=+lY5nOMLnbsND6zgt50IWQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277240046461784939, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277239989536690975, language=CN, label=图2, caption=AsCYP131基因的氨基酸同源序列比对, figureFileSmall=edMt+8ohTXpS7zOeVFWjZA==, figureFileBig=+lY5nOMLnbsND6zgt50IWQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277240046885409644, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277239989536690975, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Phylogenetic tree of AsCYP131 and P450 amino acid sequences of other species, figureFileSmall=UBQMs0E4I2oUnSKM1VbH1Q==, figureFileBig=vrTQkGao6ePunQ86Kzf/Sg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277240047334200173, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277239989536690975, language=CN, label=图3, caption=AsCYP131与其他物种P450氨基酸序列系统发育树, figureFileSmall=UBQMs0E4I2oUnSKM1VbH1Q==, figureFileBig=vrTQkGao6ePunQ86Kzf/Sg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277240048152089454, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277239989536690975, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Physicochemical properties and phosphate site prediction of AsCYP131 protein

A: AsCYP131 hydrophilic/hydrophobic prediction; B: AsCYP131 phosphoric acid site prediction.

, figureFileSmall=j3TT/JsxAT4zZ5wX7G8nmA==, figureFileBig=JpjfV0jeVYNevPZ5BL2PFg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277240049867559791, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277239989536690975, language=CN, label=图4, caption=AsCYP131蛋白的理化性质及磷酸位点预测

A:AsCYP131蛋白亲/疏水性预测;B:AsCYP131蛋白磷酸位点预测。

, figureFileSmall=j3TT/JsxAT4zZ5wX7G8nmA==, figureFileBig=JpjfV0jeVYNevPZ5BL2PFg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277240050341516144, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277239989536690975, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=AsCYP131 protein structure prediction

A: Domain of AsCYP131 protein; B: Protein secondary structure of AsCYP131, Blue represents alpha helix, Red represents extended strand, Purple represents random coil; C: Protein tertiary structure of AsCYP131.

, figureFileSmall=9uHU1gn0kedmUfqKz1yddQ==, figureFileBig=X2Jf0fzfTcaoDQ5geo11/Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277240050794500977, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277239989536690975, language=CN, label=图5, caption=AsCYP131蛋白结构预测

A:AsCYP131蛋白结构域;B:AsCYP131蛋白二级结构,蓝色代表α-螺旋,红色代表延伸链,紫色代表无规则卷曲;C:AsCYP131蛋白三级结构。

, figureFileSmall=9uHU1gn0kedmUfqKz1yddQ==, figureFileBig=X2Jf0fzfTcaoDQ5geo11/Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277240051524309874, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277239989536690975, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=Differences of AsCYP131 expression in different tissues of A. sinensis

ns indicates no significant (P˃0.05), * indicates significant difference (P<0.05), **** indicates extremely significant difference (P<0.0001).

, figureFileSmall=1ceOdpMsi4OF45wGPgD35A==, figureFileBig=7hxsvGS1ZXdf39BYl19D4g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277240052010849139, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277239989536690975, language=CN, label=图6, caption=白木香不同组织中AsCYP131表达量差异

ns表示差异不显著(P˃0.05),*表示差异显著(P<0.05),****表示差异极显著(P<0.0001)。

, figureFileSmall=1ceOdpMsi4OF45wGPgD35A==, figureFileBig=7hxsvGS1ZXdf39BYl19D4g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277240052749046644, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277239989536690975, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Primers used in this study

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
引物名称Primer name引物序列(5′-3′)Primer sequence (5′-3′)
AsCYP131-FATGATTCTATACACAACTCTGCTCTTCC
AsCYP131-RTCAACCTTCTTGGACCATGGC
AsCYP131-qFCTCTTTCTGGAGCTGACGTTTA
AsCYP131-qRAGCGAACAGATCTCCGATTATG
AsGADPH-FCTGGTATGGCATTCCGTGTA
AsGADPH-RAACCACATCCTCTTCGGTGTA
), ArticleFig(id=1277240054451934070, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277239989536690975, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

本研究所用引物

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
引物名称Primer name引物序列(5′-3′)Primer sequence (5′-3′)
AsCYP131-FATGATTCTATACACAACTCTGCTCTTCC
AsCYP131-RTCAACCTTCTTGGACCATGGC
AsCYP131-qFCTCTTTCTGGAGCTGACGTTTA
AsCYP131-qRAGCGAACAGATCTCCGATTATG
AsGADPH-FCTGGTATGGCATTCCGTGTA
AsGADPH-RAACCACATCCTCTTCGGTGTA
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白木香AsCYP131基因的克隆及表达分析
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黄兴 1, 2 , 梅文莉 2 , 王昊 2 , 黄圣卓 2 , 陈欣 2 , 刘寿柏 1, * , 戴好富 2, *
热带作物学报 | 组学与生物技术 2025,46(5): 1076-1083
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热带作物学报 |组学与生物技术 2025 , 46 (5) : 1076 -1083
白木香AsCYP131基因的克隆及表达分析
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Engineering Research Center of Agarwood / International Joint Research Center of Agarwood, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1277240011313517368, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277239989536690975, companyId=1277240011221242678, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.中国热带农业科学院热带生物技术研究所/海南省黎药资源天然产物研究与利用重点实验室/海南省沉香工程技术研究中心/沉香国际联合研究中心,海南海口 571101)])])]
黄兴1, 2, 梅文莉2, 王昊2, 黄圣卓2, 陈欣2, 刘寿柏1, * , 戴好富2, *
作者信息
  • 1.海南大学热带农林学院/热带特色林木花卉遗传与种质创新教育部重点实验室,海南海口 570228
  • 2.中国热带农业科学院热带生物技术研究所/海南省黎药资源天然产物研究与利用重点实验室/海南省沉香工程技术研究中心/沉香国际联合研究中心,海南海口 571101
通讯作者:
* 刘寿柏(LIU Shoubai),E-mail:;
戴好富(DAI Haofu),E-mail:
Cloning and Expression Analysis of the Gene AsCYP131 in Aquilaria sinensis
Xing HUANG1, 2, Wenli MEI2, Hao WANG2, Shengzhuo HUANG2, Xin CHEN2, Shoubai LIU1, * , Haofu DAI2, *
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University / Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
  • 2.Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development of Li Folk Medicine of Hainan Province / Hainan Engineering Research Center of Agarwood / International Joint Research Center of Agarwood, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China
出版时间: 2025-05-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.05.006
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白木香果实中含有一类四环三萜化合物葫芦素,其具有抗炎、保肝和抗肿瘤等活性。细胞色素P450酶(cytochrome P450,CYP)是葫芦素生物合成途径中的关键酶。白木香中参与葫芦素合成的P450基因尚未得到深入研究,本研究基于白木香转录组数据,克隆了1个P450基因(AsCYP131)。该基因的开放阅读框(ORF)长度为1491 bp,编码496个氨基酸,蛋白分子质量为55.39 kDa,理论等电点(pI)为7.65,亲水性平均系数为–0.053,不稳定系数为47.16,属于不稳定蛋白,包含40个潜在磷酸化位点,二级结构以α螺旋和无规则卷曲为主。多重序列比对和系统进化树分析结果显示,AsCYP131基因编码的蛋白与已报道参与葫芦素生物合成的CsCYP、CmCYP和ClCYP聚为一支,C端的功能结构域序列表现出显著的一致性。通过实时荧光定量PCR(RT-qPCR)检测AsCYP131在白木香不同组织中的表达水平,结果表明,AsCYP131在根、茎、叶、花、果实、种子中的表达水平存在差异,在果实中的相对表达量最高。本研究为进一步揭示AsCYP131基因在葫芦素生物合成中的功能提供参考依据。

白木香  /  P450酶  /  AsCYP131  /  生物信息学  /  表达分析

The fruit of Aquilaria sinensis contains a class of tetracyclic triterpenoids known as cucurbitacins, which exhibit anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, and antitumor activities. Cytochrome P450s (CYP) are key enzymes in the biosynthesis pathway of cucurbitacins. The P450 genes for cucurbitacin synthesis in A. sinensis have not been extensively studied. In this study, a P450 gene (AsCYP131) was cloned based on A. sinensis transcriptome data. The complete open reading frame (ORF) of AsCYP131 gene was 1491 bp, encoding a protein of 496 amino acids with a molecular weight of 55.39 kDa. The theoretical isoelectric point (pI) of the protein was 7.65, with an average hydrophilicity coefficient of –0.053, and an instability index of 47.16, classifying it as an unstable protein. The protein contained 40 potential phosphorylation sites, and its secondary structure was predominantly composed of α-helix and random coil. The results of multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic tree analysis showed that the protein encoded by the AsCYP131 gene clustered into a single unit with CsCYP, CmCYP, and ClCYP, which have been reported to be involved in the biosynthesis of cucurbitacins. The sequence of the functional structural domains at the C-terminal showed high consistency. At the same time, the expression levels of AsCYP131 in different tissues of A. sinensis detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). The results indicated differential expression levels of AsCYP131 across various tissues, including roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits, and seeds, with the highest relative expression observed in fruits. This study would serve as a valuable reference for the subsequent validation of the functional role of the AsCYP131 gene in cucurbitacin biosynthesis.

Aquilaria sinensis  /  P450  /  AsCYP131  /  bioinformatics  /  expression analysis
黄兴, 梅文莉, 王昊, 黄圣卓, 陈欣, 刘寿柏, 戴好富. 白木香AsCYP131基因的克隆及表达分析. 热带作物学报, 2025 , 46 (5) : 1076 -1083 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.05.006
Xing HUANG, Wenli MEI, Hao WANG, Shengzhuo HUANG, Xin CHEN, Shoubai LIU, Haofu DAI. Cloning and Expression Analysis of the Gene AsCYP131 in Aquilaria sinensis[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2025 , 46 (5) : 1076 -1083 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.05.006
白木香[Aquilaria sinensis(Lour.)Spreng.]又称土沉香、女儿香,为瑞香科(Thymelaeaceae)沉香属(Aquilaria)植物,分布于广东、海南和广西等热带、亚热带地区[1]。白木香在受到自然因素(雷劈、风折、虫蛀等)或人为因素(砍伤、打洞、接菌等)胁迫后会产生沉香[2-4]。沉香是中国、日本、印度等国家的传统名贵药材,具有“药中黄金”的美誉,具行气止痛、温中止呕、纳气平喘等功效[5]。目前的研究主要集中于沉香,而对白木香果实等部位的研究相对较少,因此,探索果实等非药用部位的化学成分及其药用价值,将有效提高白木香整株资源的利用。白木香植物的主要化学成分包括三萜、二萜、木脂素类、甾体类、生物碱类、苯丙素类、色酮类和简单酚类等[6]。葫芦素是一类四环三萜化合物,主要分布于葫芦科等植物中,具有广泛的药理活性,包括抗炎[7]、保肝[8]和抗肿瘤活性[9-11]等。民间利用含葫芦素类化合物的植物资源,用于清热解毒和利湿退黄等[12]。目前,葫芦素已被开发为药物,以葫芦素片的形式广泛使用。临床上,葫芦素片常用于慢性肝炎以及原发性肝癌的辅助治疗[13]。本研究团队早期首次发现白木香的果实中含有葫芦素[14],白木香可能成为生产葫芦素的新兴植物资源。
细胞色素P450酶(cytochrome P450,CYP)是一类分布广泛的含血红色素的单加氧酶,可参与羟基化、环氧化、脱卤素等反应[15]。在葫芦素的合成途径中,2,3-环氧角鲨烯经过葫芦二烯醇合酶催化形成葫芦二烯醇,之后多个步骤需要P450酶的催化反应完成,羟基化是其中最典型的催化反应,如P450酶参与C-2、C-20和C-25处的羟基化[16]。黄瓜全基因组序列揭示了1条参与葫芦素生物合成相关的苦味(Bi)基因簇[17],并鉴定出7个参与葫芦素C生物合成的P450基因[18]。在甜瓜和西瓜基因组中也发现了Bi基因簇,分别鉴定出6个和8个可能参与葫芦素B和葫芦素E生物合成的P450基因。分布在Bi基因簇上编码C-25或2β羟化酶的P450基因在葫芦科不同物种中均存在共线关系,甚至在不同物种的转录排列和方向上表现为相同的顺序[16],表明Bi基因簇上的P450基因在植物进化的过程中可能高度保守。本研究团队前期在白木香基因组中定位了一条Bi基因簇,在该基因簇中初步鉴定出5个P450基因,与葫芦科物种中参与葫芦素生物合成的关键P450基因之间存在共线关系[19]。此前的研究主要集中在葫芦科物种上,而能够产生葫芦素的其他物种中的P450基因尚未深入研究。因此,挖掘和验证白木香中与葫芦素生物合成相关的P450基因,有助于深入研究各类葫芦素的生物合成途径,为葫芦素的生产提供重要的遗传资源或种质资源。
本研究基于白木香转录组数据[20],从前期筛选出的5个P450基因中克隆了AsCYP131基因,并对其编码的蛋白进行基本理化性质、磷酸化位点、蛋白结构特征等生物信息学分析。同时,采用RT-qPCR技术对AsCYP131基因进行组织差异表达分析,为进一步研究AsCYP131基因在白木香中葫芦素的生物合成途径中的作用提供理论支持。
本研究所用白木香(A. sinensis)种植于中国热带农业科学院热带生物技术研究所试验基地。分别于不同时期采集3年生白木香植株的根、茎、叶、花、果实、种子等组织样品,液氮速冻后立即提取RNA,用于基因克隆及基因表达分析。
Plant Total RNA Isolation Kit、General Plasmid Mini Kit购自成都福际生物技术有限公司;FastKing一步法除基因组cDNA第一链合成试剂盒、2×Taq PCR MasterMix Ⅱ、DNA纯化回收试剂盒、氨苄青霉素钠盐、SuperReal荧光定量预混试剂购自天根生化科技(北京)有限公司;PrimeSTAR Max Premix高保真酶购自宝日医生物技术(北京)有限公司;DNA Marker Ⅶ购自中科瑞泰(北京)生物科技有限公司;LB培养基按常规配方配制。
分别取白木香的根、茎、叶、花、果实、种子样品各100 mg加入液氮迅速研磨成粉,使用Plant Total RNA Isolation Kit(FOREGENE)RNA提取试剂盒提取RNA,通过1%普通琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测完整性、使用生物核酸定量检测仪Nanodrop One TM(Thermo Scientific,Wilmington,DE,USA)检测浓度。使用FastKing一步法除基因组cDNA第一链合成试剂盒反转录得到cDNA,–20 ℃保存备用。
基于白木香转录组注释拼接的AsCYP131基因序列,使用Integated DNA Technologies IDT(idtdna.com)在线软件设计高特异性引物(表1),以特异性引物AsCYP131-F/R进行PCR扩增得到目的基因片段。扩增反应体系(20 μL):2×Taq PCR Master Mix 10 µL,上、下游引物各1 µL,cDNA模板1 µL,ddH2O补足至20 µL。反应程序为:95 ℃预变性5 min;95 ℃变性40 s,60 ℃退火40 s,72 ℃延伸2 min,共35个循环;最后72 ℃延伸5 min。用1%琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测扩增产物,回收符合目的条带大小且明亮的单一片段,连接于pMD19-T载体,将其转入DH5a感受态细胞中,并涂至含氨苄抗性的LB固体培养基中过夜培养,筛选阳性单克隆,进行Sanger一代测序以确定其核苷酸序列,测序正确的菌液以1∶100的比例扩大培养,培养16 h后进行质粒提取,质粒保存于–20 ℃。
在NCBI Reference proteins和Ensembl Genome Browser数据库中BLAST搜索与AsCYP131同源的P450氨基酸序列;使用MEGA11通过邻位相连法(neighborjoining,NT)构建进化树。使用DNAMAN 8.0软件进行氨基酸序列分析;使用Expasy ProtParam(http://web.expasy.org/protparam)在线软件预测AsCYP131的相对分子量、等电点和氨基酸数量等基本性质;使用NetPhos-3.1(https://services.healthtech.dtu.dk/services/NetPhos-3.1/)在线软件进行蛋白磷酸化位点分析;分别采用WOLF SOPMA(https://npsa-prabi.ibcp.fr/cgi-bin/npsa_automat.pl?page=/NPSA/npsa_sopma.html)和AlphaFold Protein Structure Database(https://alphafold.ebi.ac.uk/)在线软件进行蛋白二级结构预测及蛋白三级结构模型构建。
采用RT-qPCR技术检测AsCYP131基因在白木香的根、茎、叶、花、果实和种子中的表达水平。根据AsCYP131基因序列,以白木香GADPH为内参基因,使用Integrated DNA Technologies软件设计荧光定量特异性引物(表1)。使用MX3005P实时荧光定量PCR仪,采取SYBR green嵌合荧光法检测AsCYP131基因表达量。反应体系为:cDNA模板1 µL,上、下游引物各0.6 µL,2×Real Universal PreMix 10 µL,ddH2O 0.84 µL。反应程序为:95 ℃预变性5 min;95 ℃变性5 s,57 ℃复性15 s,循环40次。每个反应3次重复,采用2–ΔΔCt法计算AsCYP131基因的相对表达量。
根据白木香的转录组数据,AsCYP131基因的ORF长度为1491 bp,编码496个氨基酸。基于该基因的ORF设计特异性引物AsCYP131-F/R(表1),以白木香嫩叶的cDNA为模板,对该基因进行PCR扩增。通过琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测得到长度约1491 bp大小的条带(图1),回收条带并进行测序,测序结果与转录本序列一致。
AsCYP131编码的氨基酸序列与黄瓜(Cucumis sativus)、甜瓜(Cu. melo)、西瓜(Citrullus lanatus)、西葫芦(Cucurbita pepo)、南瓜(Cu. moschata)、笋瓜(Cu. maxima)、长果黄麻(Corchorus olitorius)、可可(Theobroma cacao)、陆地棉(Gossypium hirsutum)等9种植物的P450同源氨基酸序列进行比对分析。结果显示(图2),这10个蛋白的C端氨基酸相对保守,均存在P450羟化酶特征性保守结构域heme-binding(PFGXGRRXCPG)以及其他保守结构域K-helix(EXLR)、I-helix(A/GGXD/ETS/T)和PXRX(FXPERF),符合P450家族蛋白结构特征。将AsCYP131与其他植物中同源性较高的P450氨基酸序列进行系统发育树构建,发现AsCYP131与已知具有羟基化功能的葫芦科植物黄瓜CsCYP、甜瓜CmCYP和西瓜ClCYP聚为一类(图3)。
通过Expanse Prepare软件预测表明AsCYP131蛋白的分子式为C1724H2611N473O539S14,氨基酸数量为496个,相对分子量为55.39 kDa;包含20种氨基酸,其中亮氨酸(Leu,14.3%)含量最高,共52个带负电残基(Asp+Glu)和53个带正电残基(Arg+Lys);蛋白的理论pI值为7.65,不稳定系数为47.16,属于不稳定蛋白,脂肪酸系数为99.72,亲水性系数为-0.053,预测为亲水性蛋白(图4A)。利用Net Phos-3.1软件预测分析其氨基酸序列发现,其共有40个潜在的磷酸化位点,其中苏氨酸磷酸化位点11个,丝氨酸磷酸化位点26个,酪氨酸磷酸化位点3个(图4B)。
通过NCBI的CD-Search工具分析AsCYP131蛋白的保守结构域,结果显示该蛋白具有P450酶特征性的heme-binding保守结构域(图5A),并被预测为CYP81亚家族成员,归类为CYP71家族[21]。通过SOPMA软件预测AsCYP131的二级结构发现,该蛋白由39.52%的α-螺旋、13.31%的延伸链和47.18%的无规则卷曲组成(图5B)。通过AlphaFold Protein Structure Database软件进行蛋白三级结构模型构建,获得AsCYP131蛋白的预测模型(图5C),预测结果与其蛋白二级结构预测保持一致,具有较多的α-螺旋和无规则卷曲。
RT-qPCR检测结果显示,AsCYP131基因在白木香不同组织中的表达呈现显著的组织特异性。AsCYP131基因在果实中的相对表达量最高,是根部表达量的2.48倍,分别是叶、花和种子表达量的1.78、1.88和1.99倍;在茎中的表达量显著低于其他组织,而叶和花中的表达量相对接近(图6)。此基因表达模式与白木香果实中含有葫芦素,而根、茎、叶、花和种子中未分离获得葫芦素[14]结果一致,推测AsCYP131基因在葫芦素生物合成过程中发挥重要作用。
P450作为植物代谢网络中的关键酶,在植物的初生和次生代谢过程中发挥着重要作用[22]。然而,由于P450基因家族的庞大、物种间的同源性较低以及其在内质网膜上的定位,导致P450的筛选和功能研究成为植物次生代谢研究中的难点[23]。药用植物中具有良好活性的次生代谢产物多为结构复杂且修饰程度较高的天然产物,P450在这些化合物的结构修饰过程中发挥了关键作用,P450的氧化修饰主要包括引入羟基、酮基、羧基和环氧基团等,尤其是羟基的引入为其他基团的进一步修饰创造了条件[24]。ZHOU等[16]从黄瓜、甜瓜和西瓜中分别挖掘出与葫芦素C、葫芦素B和葫芦素E合成相关的P450基因,其中黄瓜CsCYP参与了葫芦素C合成途径中C-25位的羟基化,甜瓜CmCYP和西瓜ClCYP则参与葫芦素B、E合成途径中C-2位的羟基化。为研究白木香中与葫芦素合成相关的P450基因,本研究筛选并成功克隆了AsCYP131基因,该基因的核苷酸序列为1491 bp,编码了496个氨基酸。通过氨基酸序列比对结果显示,AsCYP131具有P450特征性保守结构域heme-binding(PFGXGRRXCPG),包括其他保守性较高的功能结构域K-helix(EXLR)、I-helix(A/GGXD/ETS/T)和PXRX(FXPERF),表明该蛋白可能具有较强的底物结合能力和催化活性。进一步的聚类分析发现,AsCYP131的氨基酸序列与已知参与葫芦素合成的CsCYP、CmCYP和ClCYP聚类于同一分支,具有较高的同源性,推测AsCYP131可能具有类似的羟基化功能。
参与生物合成的基因在不同组织中的表达水平影响植物次生代谢产物的含量。TAN等[25]分析了猕猴桃不同组织中类黄酮含量差异的机制,发现所筛选的AaF3H-1AaF3′5′H-1和其他9种基因在叶片和叶柄中的表达水平高于果实,其表达模式与山奈酚、异鼠李素和槲皮苷这3种主要类黄酮含量的变化一致,说明这11个基因参与类黄酮类化合物的生物合成。PEI等[26]的研究表明糖基化修饰基因SbUGAT4在根部的表达水平与黄芩苷在黄芩根部的含量成正相关。杨琳等[27]分析了五指毛桃不同组织中补骨脂素合成酶基因(PS)表达水平与补骨脂素含量的关系,结果表明PS基因在根与叶中的表达水平显著高于茎和果实,其表达模式与补骨脂素含量的变化一致。本研究通过RT-qPCR检测发现,AsCYP131在不同组织中的表达水平存在显著差异,其中在果实中的表达量最高,至少是其他部位表达量的1.7倍。结合早期研究发现白木香果实中含有葫芦素,而根、茎、叶、花和种子中未分离获得葫芦素[14]AsCYP131基因在果实中的高表达,很可能为葫芦素的生物合成提供了关键的酶催化途径,为葫芦素在果实中积累提供了分子基础。此结果进一步增强了AsCYP131基因参与葫芦素生物合成的可信性。
综上所述,本研究完成了AsCYP131基因的克隆、生物信息学分析和表达模式分析,为后续对白木香葫芦素类化合物合成的研究提供了1个候选基因。目前本研究尚缺乏足够的实验证据,后续将通过体外酶促反应和烟草瞬时转染等方法,进一步验证该基因的功能。
  • 海南省科技人才创新项目(KJRC2023C25)
  • 财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-21)
  • 中国热带农业科学院国家热带农业科学中心科技创新团队项目(CATASCXTD202406)
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.05.006
  • 接收时间:2024-12-02
  • 首发时间:2026-06-26
  • 出版时间:2025-05-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-12-02
  • 录用日期:2024-12-28
基金
海南省科技人才创新项目(KJRC2023C25)
财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-21)
中国热带农业科学院国家热带农业科学中心科技创新团队项目(CATASCXTD202406)
作者信息
    1.海南大学热带农林学院/热带特色林木花卉遗传与种质创新教育部重点实验室,海南海口 570228
    2.中国热带农业科学院热带生物技术研究所/海南省黎药资源天然产物研究与利用重点实验室/海南省沉香工程技术研究中心/沉香国际联合研究中心,海南海口 571101

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* 刘寿柏(LIU Shoubai),E-mail:;
戴好富(DAI Haofu),E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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