Article(id=1276531640428003712, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276531538535781212, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.04.018, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1730304000000, receivedDateStr=2024-10-31, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1732464000000, acceptedDateStr=2024-11-25, onlineDate=1782278459888, onlineDateStr=2026-06-24, pubDate=1745510400000, pubDateStr=2025-04-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1782278459888, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1782278459888, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1782278459888, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1276531538535781212, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, year='2025', volume='46', issue='4', pageStart='777', pageEnd='1024', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1745510400000', pubDateStr='2025-04-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1782278435595, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782278607615, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1276532260098675208, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276531538535781212, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1276532260098675209, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276531538535781212, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=958, endPage=967, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1276531640667079042, articleId=1276531640428003712, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=EN, title=Research on the Relationship Between Stomatal and Photosynthetic Physiological Factors and Yield and Quality Based on Structural Equation Modeling, columnId=1236256434120348225, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, columnName=Plant Cultivation, Physiology & Biochemistry, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Enhancing photosynthesis is the key to improving crop yield and quality. The interaction between agronomic traits, photosynthetic parameters, and variety yield and quality is not yet clear. In this study, 10 different mulberry varieties (Morus sp.) were taken as the research objects. Based on the morphological data such as leaf size, the number of leaves, the number of branches, etc., obtained through the statistics of our research group, the nutritional index data such as crude protein, and the measured photosynthetic parameters, we analyzed the correlations of specific parameters within each index through correlation analysis. And we utilized the structural equation model to analyze the influence mechanism and contribution potential of their agronomic traits, stomatal characteristics, and photosynthetic indexes on the yield and quality of mulberry leaves. There were significant differences in stomatal characteristics and photosynthetic indicators among different varieties, and Sha 2×Lun 109 exhibited good photosynthetic capacity and water use efficiency. There was a significant correlation between intercellular carbon dioxide concentration and leaf length, leaf width, and total calcium content. There was a strong positive correlation between stomatal length and width (r=0.833), and a positive correlation between crude protein content and leaf weight (r=0.660). The structural equation model indicated that the stomatal characteristics had a negative effect on leaf quality (R2=–0.75), while the intercellular carbon dioxide concentration had a negative effect on net photosynthetic rate (R2=-0.91). The intercellular carbon dioxide concentration and net photosynthetic rate directly affected leaf yield (R2=2.99 and 3.04, respectively), and leaf yield had a positive effect on leaf quality (R2=0.66). The research shows that mulberry varieties affect the net photosynthetic rate through stomatal characteristics and intercellular carbon dioxide concentration, which further affects the yield and quality of mulberry trees. Therefore, by regulating the parameters of mulberry stomata, the yield and quality of mulberry trees can be improved, which would provide a scientific basis for mulberry variety improvement and precision cultivation management, and has important practical significance.

, authors=null, authorsList=Jingjing HUANG, Ye LI, Tao GENG, Dezhao LOU, Peiqun LIN, Huazhou WU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Huazhou WU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1276531642235748746, articleId=1276531640428003712, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=CN, title=基于结构方程模型的气孔、光合相关生理因素与产量、品质的关系研究, columnId=1236256434313286224, journalTitle=热带作物学报, columnName=作物栽培与生理生化, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

增强光合作用是提高作物产量和品质的关键,农艺性状、光合参数与品种的产量、品质之间的相互作用尚不明确。本研究以10个不同桑树品种为研究对象,基于课题组统计获取的桑树(Morus sp.)叶片大小、叶片数、分枝数等形态数据和粗蛋白等营养指标数据,以及测定的光合参数,通过相关性分析各指标中具体参数的相关性,并利用结构方程模型分析其农艺性状、气孔特性、光合指标对桑叶产量、品质的影响机制和贡献潜力。结果表明:不同品种桑树在气孔特性和光合指标上存在显著差异,沙2×伦109品种显示出良好的光合能力和水分利用效率;在相关性分析中,胞间二氧化碳浓度(Ci)与叶长、叶宽、全钙含量均显著相关,气孔长度与气孔宽度之间极显著正相关(r=0.833),粗蛋白含量与叶重之间呈正相关(r=0.660);结构方程模型表明,桑树的气孔特性对叶品质存在负向效应(R2=–0.75),Ci对净光合速率(Pn)有负向效应(R2=-0.91),CiPn直接影响叶产量(R2分别为2.99和3.04),叶产量对叶品质具有正向效应(R2=0.66)。研究结果表明,不同桑树品种通过气孔特性、胞间二氧化碳浓度影响其净光合速率,进一步影响桑树的产量和品质。因此,通过调控桑树气孔的特性可提高桑树的产量和品质,为今后桑树品种改良和精准栽培管理提供科学依据,具有重要的实践意义。

, authors=

皇晶晶(1999—),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:桑基础应用。

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* 武华周(WU Huazhou),E-mail:
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皇晶晶(1999—),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:桑基础应用。

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皇晶晶(1999—),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:桑基础应用。

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(in Chinese), articleTitle=Evaluation of the photosynthetic physiological characteristics and drought resistance of six coastal defense forest plant seedlings under drought stress, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276531654327927292, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276531640428003712, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=38, issue=1, pageStart=18, pageEnd=24, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[32], rfOrder=47, authorNames=姜晓丹, 郭军战, journalName=蚕业科学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=姜晓丹, 郭军战. 不同果桑品种在干旱胁迫下的光合生理变化[J]. 蚕业科学, 2012, 38(1): 18-24., articleTitle=不同果桑品种在干旱胁迫下的光合生理变化, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276531654416007677, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276531640428003712, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=38, issue=1, pageStart=18, pageEnd=24, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[32], rfOrder=48, authorNames=JIANG X D, GUO J Z, journalName=Science of Sericulture, refType=null, unstructuredReference=JIANG X D, GUO J Z. photosynthetic physiological changes of different mulberry varieties under drought stress[J]. 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(in Chinese), articleTitle=photosynthetic physiological changes of different mulberry varieties under drought stress, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1276531650397864395, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276531640428003712, awardId=1630042021026, language=CN, fundingSource=中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(1630042021026), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1276531650464973260, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276531640428003712, awardId=CARS-18, language=CN, fundingSource=国家蚕桑产业技术体系(CARS-18), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1276531642453852556, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276531640428003712, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276531642466435469, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276531640428003712, companyId=1276531642453852556, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.Institute of Environment and Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276531642483212686, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276531640428003712, companyId=1276531642453852556, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所,海南海口 571101)]), AuthorCompany(id=1276531642697122191, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276531640428003712, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276531642701316496, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276531640428003712, companyId=1276531642697122191, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276531642713899409, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276531640428003712, companyId=1276531642697122191, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.海南大学,海南海口 570228)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1276531649395425727, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276531640428003712, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Comparison of stomatal morphology among different varieties, figureFileSmall=B2kuuYP5HJkbO0MpIsTUFA==, figureFileBig=eKcRK7maiRr4FSjgZBfguw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276531649466728896, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276531640428003712, language=CN, label=图1, caption=不同品种气孔形态比较, figureFileSmall=B2kuuYP5HJkbO0MpIsTUFA==, figureFileBig=eKcRK7maiRr4FSjgZBfguw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276531649693221313, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276531640428003712, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Correlation heatmap between various parameters, figureFileSmall=DRYI41Yv1yXP61MKmGQsSw==, figureFileBig=U9dVe45v4d7FaVPcKV9r/Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276531649756135874, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276531640428003712, language=CN, label=图2, caption=参数间相关性热图

*表示显著相关(P<0.05);**,***表示极显著相关(P<0.01,P<0.001)。

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实线代表变量间关系显著,虚线代表变量间关系不显著;*表示显著相关(P<0.05),**,***表示极显著相关(P<0.01,P<0.001)。

, figureFileSmall=ExS3q7/rCfiwzO7vZqfsaQ==, figureFileBig=gIWA+E/jlNMPy9wwkBiHTA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276531649949073861, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276531640428003712, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Agronomic traits and quality indicators of different varieties of mulberry trees

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标Index株高Plant height/cm叶长Leaf length/cm叶宽Leaf width/cm叶片数Number of leaves分枝数Number of branches茎粗Stem diameter/mm叶重Leaf weight/(kg·hm–2)枝条重Weight of branches/(kg·hm–2)
沙2×伦109139.5021.5017.0024.667.1610.5092 846.40112 056.00
粤桑120142.8324.0017.8321.335.3310.41784 390.20933 800.00
桂5155.3323.5018.1624.506.0012.58113 656.80138 736.00
桑特优12142.0022.3316.5024.335.0011.08832 410.60104 052.00
桂6150.3322.6618.5020.335.0010.7583 241.60112 056.00
育711135.1619.0015.8324.006.8311.33720 360.0088 044.00
丰驰133.6618.5014.1629.336.5011.08832 410.60987 160.00
琼桑2122.5013.1610.5034.006.339.6649 624.8074 704.00
桑特优12145.5021.6616.6625.004.3311.5081 640.80101 384.00
冀桑144.8324.5018.3319.502.6611.50624 310.20827 080.00
指标Index叶干重Dry weight of leave/g干鲜比Ratio of dry weight to fresh weight粗蛋白Crude protein/(g·kg–1)全磷Total phosphorus/(g·kg–1)全钙Total calcium/(g·kg–1)黄酮Flavonoids/(g·kg–1)
沙2×伦109109.850.21220.673.5628.4015.94
粤桑120115.450.23217.533.4524.7621.46
桂5103.250.20215.583.4128.6022.30
桑特优12112.000.22217.703.9826.9322.77
桂6111.250.22205.603.5528.1020.49
育711121.900.24214.203.2133.3916.45
丰驰112.650.22212.823.6136.5420.59
琼桑2138.250.27199.933.1232.2221.59
桑特优12121.450.24205.093.3730.5925.49
冀桑132.550.26198.313.1824.0816.74
), ArticleFig(id=1276531650032959942, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276531640428003712, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同品种桑树农艺性状及品质指标

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标Index株高Plant height/cm叶长Leaf length/cm叶宽Leaf width/cm叶片数Number of leaves分枝数Number of branches茎粗Stem diameter/mm叶重Leaf weight/(kg·hm–2)枝条重Weight of branches/(kg·hm–2)
沙2×伦109139.5021.5017.0024.667.1610.5092 846.40112 056.00
粤桑120142.8324.0017.8321.335.3310.41784 390.20933 800.00
桂5155.3323.5018.1624.506.0012.58113 656.80138 736.00
桑特优12142.0022.3316.5024.335.0011.08832 410.60104 052.00
桂6150.3322.6618.5020.335.0010.7583 241.60112 056.00
育711135.1619.0015.8324.006.8311.33720 360.0088 044.00
丰驰133.6618.5014.1629.336.5011.08832 410.60987 160.00
琼桑2122.5013.1610.5034.006.339.6649 624.8074 704.00
桑特优12145.5021.6616.6625.004.3311.5081 640.80101 384.00
冀桑144.8324.5018.3319.502.6611.50624 310.20827 080.00
指标Index叶干重Dry weight of leave/g干鲜比Ratio of dry weight to fresh weight粗蛋白Crude protein/(g·kg–1)全磷Total phosphorus/(g·kg–1)全钙Total calcium/(g·kg–1)黄酮Flavonoids/(g·kg–1)
沙2×伦109109.850.21220.673.5628.4015.94
粤桑120115.450.23217.533.4524.7621.46
桂5103.250.20215.583.4128.6022.30
桑特优12112.000.22217.703.9826.9322.77
桂6111.250.22205.603.5528.1020.49
育711121.900.24214.203.2133.3916.45
丰驰112.650.22212.823.6136.5420.59
琼桑2138.250.27199.933.1232.2221.59
桑特优12121.450.24205.093.3730.5925.49
冀桑132.550.26198.313.1824.0816.74
), ArticleFig(id=1276531650095874503, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276531640428003712, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Comparison of stomatal sizes among different varieties

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品种Variety气孔长度Pore length/µm气孔宽度Pore width/µm气孔密度Pore density/(个·cm–2)
沙2×伦10916.08±0.30e12.99±0.25b7.77±0.41c
粤桑12016.98±0.28d10.54±0.18e6.54±0.39d
桂523.16±0.44a14.61±0.31a3.90±0.24f
桑特115.99±0.28e11.7±0.25d10.45±0.21a
桂620.08±0.29c12.46±0.19bc5.19±0.21e
育71121.68±0.30b14.63±0.23a4.02±0.15f
丰驰17.41±0.27d11.92±0.22cd8.56±0.55bc
琼桑217.85±0.22d11.58±0.19d10.76±0.44a
桂桑优1213.99±0.34f9.75±0.24f9.10±0.22b
冀桑15.87±0.35e12.02±0.26cd6.02±0.26de
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不同品种的气孔大小比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
品种Variety气孔长度Pore length/µm气孔宽度Pore width/µm气孔密度Pore density/(个·cm–2)
沙2×伦10916.08±0.30e12.99±0.25b7.77±0.41c
粤桑12016.98±0.28d10.54±0.18e6.54±0.39d
桂523.16±0.44a14.61±0.31a3.90±0.24f
桑特115.99±0.28e11.7±0.25d10.45±0.21a
桂620.08±0.29c12.46±0.19bc5.19±0.21e
育71121.68±0.30b14.63±0.23a4.02±0.15f
丰驰17.41±0.27d11.92±0.22cd8.56±0.55bc
琼桑217.85±0.22d11.58±0.19d10.76±0.44a
桂桑优1213.99±0.34f9.75±0.24f9.10±0.22b
冀桑15.87±0.35e12.02±0.26cd6.02±0.26de
), ArticleFig(id=1276531650234286537, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276531640428003712, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

Comparison of photosynthetic parameters of mulberry with different feeds

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
品种Variety光合参数Photosynthetic parameters
Ci/(μmol·mol–1)Gs/(mol·m–2·s–1)Pn/(μmol·m–2·s–1)Tr/(mmol·m–2·s–1)WUE/(μmol·mmol–1)
沙2×伦109358.21±3.11ab1.02±0.04a20.05±2.03a14.82±0.40a18.40±0.11a
粤桑120349.68±3.44b0.79±0.05ab19.34±1.11a12.19±0.65ab17.89±0.13ab
桂5357.38±3.97ab0.80±0.09ab15.92±1.95ab11.92±1.09b17.53±0.24b
桑特1351.62±5.29ab0.88±0.05ab20.00±2.63a12.88±0.65ab17.70±0.29ab
桂6352.59±6.32ab0.98±0.08ab21.23±3.49a14.11±0.59ab18.19±0.24ab
育711361.14±3.61ab0.92±0.06ab16.17±2.35ab13.70±0.78ab18.12±0.20ab
丰驰355.00±1.29ab0.94±0.07ab21.02±1.52a13.90±0.73ab18.28±0.22a
琼桑2365.05±2.50a0.90±0.06ab14.15±1.39ab13.53±0.72ab17.98±0.21ab
桂桑优12360.41±3.97ab0.89±0.06ab16.71±2.60ab13.31±0.72ab18.04±0.15ab
冀桑348.99±4.16b0.78±0.08b18.43±1.46a12.10±0.90ab18.32±0.23a
花叶病350.27±4.85b0.45±0.10c10.64±1.21b7.09±1.44c16.77±0.13c
), ArticleFig(id=1276531650297201098, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276531640428003712, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同桑树的光合参数比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
品种Variety光合参数Photosynthetic parameters
Ci/(μmol·mol–1)Gs/(mol·m–2·s–1)Pn/(μmol·m–2·s–1)Tr/(mmol·m–2·s–1)WUE/(μmol·mmol–1)
沙2×伦109358.21±3.11ab1.02±0.04a20.05±2.03a14.82±0.40a18.40±0.11a
粤桑120349.68±3.44b0.79±0.05ab19.34±1.11a12.19±0.65ab17.89±0.13ab
桂5357.38±3.97ab0.80±0.09ab15.92±1.95ab11.92±1.09b17.53±0.24b
桑特1351.62±5.29ab0.88±0.05ab20.00±2.63a12.88±0.65ab17.70±0.29ab
桂6352.59±6.32ab0.98±0.08ab21.23±3.49a14.11±0.59ab18.19±0.24ab
育711361.14±3.61ab0.92±0.06ab16.17±2.35ab13.70±0.78ab18.12±0.20ab
丰驰355.00±1.29ab0.94±0.07ab21.02±1.52a13.90±0.73ab18.28±0.22a
琼桑2365.05±2.50a0.90±0.06ab14.15±1.39ab13.53±0.72ab17.98±0.21ab
桂桑优12360.41±3.97ab0.89±0.06ab16.71±2.60ab13.31±0.72ab18.04±0.15ab
冀桑348.99±4.16b0.78±0.08b18.43±1.46a12.10±0.90ab18.32±0.23a
花叶病350.27±4.85b0.45±0.10c10.64±1.21b7.09±1.44c16.77±0.13c
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基于结构方程模型的气孔、光合相关生理因素与产量、品质的关系研究
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皇晶晶 1, 2 , 李叶 1 , 耿涛 1 , 娄德钊 1 , 林培群 1 , 武华周 1, 2, *
热带作物学报 | 作物栽培与生理生化 2025,46(4): 958-967
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热带作物学报 |作物栽培与生理生化 2025 , 46 (4) : 958 -967
基于结构方程模型的气孔、光合相关生理因素与产量、品质的关系研究
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皇晶晶(1999—),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:桑基础应用。

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皇晶晶1, 2, 李叶1, 耿涛1, 娄德钊1, 林培群1, 武华周1, 2, *
作者信息
  • 1.中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所,海南海口 571101
  • 2.海南大学,海南海口 570228
通讯作者:
* 武华周(WU Huazhou),E-mail:
Research on the Relationship Between Stomatal and Photosynthetic Physiological Factors and Yield and Quality Based on Structural Equation Modeling
Jingjing HUANG1, 2, Ye LI1, Tao GENG1, Dezhao LOU1, Peiqun LIN1, Huazhou WU1, 2, *
Affiliations
  • 1.Institute of Environment and Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China
  • 2.Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
出版时间: 2025-04-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.04.018
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增强光合作用是提高作物产量和品质的关键,农艺性状、光合参数与品种的产量、品质之间的相互作用尚不明确。本研究以10个不同桑树品种为研究对象,基于课题组统计获取的桑树(Morus sp.)叶片大小、叶片数、分枝数等形态数据和粗蛋白等营养指标数据,以及测定的光合参数,通过相关性分析各指标中具体参数的相关性,并利用结构方程模型分析其农艺性状、气孔特性、光合指标对桑叶产量、品质的影响机制和贡献潜力。结果表明:不同品种桑树在气孔特性和光合指标上存在显著差异,沙2×伦109品种显示出良好的光合能力和水分利用效率;在相关性分析中,胞间二氧化碳浓度(Ci)与叶长、叶宽、全钙含量均显著相关,气孔长度与气孔宽度之间极显著正相关(r=0.833),粗蛋白含量与叶重之间呈正相关(r=0.660);结构方程模型表明,桑树的气孔特性对叶品质存在负向效应(R2=–0.75),Ci对净光合速率(Pn)有负向效应(R2=-0.91),CiPn直接影响叶产量(R2分别为2.99和3.04),叶产量对叶品质具有正向效应(R2=0.66)。研究结果表明,不同桑树品种通过气孔特性、胞间二氧化碳浓度影响其净光合速率,进一步影响桑树的产量和品质。因此,通过调控桑树气孔的特性可提高桑树的产量和品质,为今后桑树品种改良和精准栽培管理提供科学依据,具有重要的实践意义。

气孔特性  /  光合参数  /  营养成分  /  农艺性状  /  结构方程模型

Enhancing photosynthesis is the key to improving crop yield and quality. The interaction between agronomic traits, photosynthetic parameters, and variety yield and quality is not yet clear. In this study, 10 different mulberry varieties (Morus sp.) were taken as the research objects. Based on the morphological data such as leaf size, the number of leaves, the number of branches, etc., obtained through the statistics of our research group, the nutritional index data such as crude protein, and the measured photosynthetic parameters, we analyzed the correlations of specific parameters within each index through correlation analysis. And we utilized the structural equation model to analyze the influence mechanism and contribution potential of their agronomic traits, stomatal characteristics, and photosynthetic indexes on the yield and quality of mulberry leaves. There were significant differences in stomatal characteristics and photosynthetic indicators among different varieties, and Sha 2×Lun 109 exhibited good photosynthetic capacity and water use efficiency. There was a significant correlation between intercellular carbon dioxide concentration and leaf length, leaf width, and total calcium content. There was a strong positive correlation between stomatal length and width (r=0.833), and a positive correlation between crude protein content and leaf weight (r=0.660). The structural equation model indicated that the stomatal characteristics had a negative effect on leaf quality (R2=–0.75), while the intercellular carbon dioxide concentration had a negative effect on net photosynthetic rate (R2=-0.91). The intercellular carbon dioxide concentration and net photosynthetic rate directly affected leaf yield (R2=2.99 and 3.04, respectively), and leaf yield had a positive effect on leaf quality (R2=0.66). The research shows that mulberry varieties affect the net photosynthetic rate through stomatal characteristics and intercellular carbon dioxide concentration, which further affects the yield and quality of mulberry trees. Therefore, by regulating the parameters of mulberry stomata, the yield and quality of mulberry trees can be improved, which would provide a scientific basis for mulberry variety improvement and precision cultivation management, and has important practical significance.

stomatal characteristics  /  photosynthetic parameters  /  nutritional components  /  agronomic traits  /  structural equation modeling
皇晶晶, 李叶, 耿涛, 娄德钊, 林培群, 武华周. 基于结构方程模型的气孔、光合相关生理因素与产量、品质的关系研究. 热带作物学报, 2025 , 46 (4) : 958 -967 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.04.018
Jingjing HUANG, Ye LI, Tao GENG, Dezhao LOU, Peiqun LIN, Huazhou WU. Research on the Relationship Between Stomatal and Photosynthetic Physiological Factors and Yield and Quality Based on Structural Equation Modeling[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2025 , 46 (4) : 958 -967 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.04.018
桑树(Morus sp.)作为一种重要的经济植物,不仅广泛应用于养蚕业,在农业和药用领域也具有重要价值[1]。随着全球人口持续增长、气候变化的不确定性日益凸显,以及土地资源愈发紧缺,粮食安全面临着巨大的挑战。为保障未来几十年的粮食供应,满足人民对生活质量提升的需求,迫切需要提高作物的光合效率,增加作物产量并提升其品质。因此,深入探究作物的生理特性和农艺性状,对于实现农业的可持续发展和保障粮食安全而言,具有至关重要的意义[2]。气孔特性、光合参数以及叶片的营养成分被认为是影响作物产量和品质的因子,其中光合作用被认为是影响产量和品质的关键因素[3]
光合作用是植物将光能转化为化学能的核心过程,其效率直接决定植物的生长速度和最终产量[4]。气孔是植物进行气体交换的重要结构,其形态、密度和功能直接影响植物的光合作用与水分利用效率[5]。通过深入分析这些光合参数与气孔特性之间的关系,可以更好地解释作物在特定环境条件下的生长适应机制[6]。叶片的营养成分对桑树的品质有着直接的影响,特别是在粗蛋白、全磷、全钙等关键营养元素方面[7]。这些营养成分不仅影响叶片的营养价值,还通过调节光合作用和叶片结构,进一步影响植物的整体生长和产量[8-9]。常风云等[10]研究了桑树农艺性状、荧光参数及光合特性,王晶晶[11]则对不同品种饲料桑在生产性能与营养品质方面的差异进行了探讨。然而,目前系统性分析各因素关系的研究仍较少,更多的是采用灰色关联度、相关性热图以及PCA等方法简单评判参数关系。同时,在研究不同经济类植物时,探讨不同因素的影响往往仅简单分析各因素间的相关性。例如,研究黄芪种植时地膜种类、种植密度对其光合特征和产量的影响以及番茄光合特性、品质和产量的影响等[12-13]。然而,植物自身不同层面的变化具有复杂性,简略分析难以全面阐释各层面间的相互关系。结构方程模型(structural equation model,SEM)作为机器学习中评估一个或多个自变量之间关系的多元过程模型,在考虑复杂概念测量误差的同时,可以在一个或多个因变量的条件下实现变量间直接因素或间接因素的分析。目前已有较多的研究在植物光合方面使用了这一方法,本研究借鉴董灵波等[14]及王岩等[15]的思路,以桑树为研究样本,使用结构方程模型,在考虑复杂概念测量误差的同时建立了变量之间的关系,综合分析气孔特性、光合效率、营养成分以及农艺性状之间的关系,以期为相关领域的研究提供新的见解。
本研究通过显著性分析、相关性热图及结构方程模型,系统分析不同桑树品种的气孔特性、光合参数及营养成分与农艺性状之间的关系。研究旨在使用新的思路来揭示光合以及气孔等特性如何影响桑树的产量和品质,从而为桑树的品种改良和栽培管理提供科学依据。
在海南省儋州市中国热带农业科学院试验场七队桑树示范基地,长期收集不同桑树种质资源,选择10种健康、无病毒桑树划小区种植。每个试验小区面积为20 m2,采用宽窄行种植方式,行距为40 cm和60 cm,株距为25 cm。为了保证各处理肥力一致,移栽前均匀施入腐熟的牛粪45 000 kg/hm2。移栽后第7天浇缓苗水1次,后期依靠自然降雨,不再额外浇水。在整个生育期内进行2次人工锄草,田间管理保持一致。冬伐后,春季萌芽60 d左右测定指标。
课题组经过对基地不同桑树品种的常态化测定,积累了多种基础数据,其中本研究使用的品种以及对应的农艺性状和品质指标见表1
在晴朗少云的上午9:00—11:00,每个处理区选择长势一致的桑树3株,选择无挡、受光照条件好的10片新完全展开叶或冠层顶端叶。使用双刀刀片将靠近叶脉部位的叶片切下,取面积约1 cm2大小的叶片,在载玻片上滴1滴502胶水,迅速将切好的叶片下表面粘在胶水上,用镊子背面稍微轻压叶片,尽可能使叶片与玻片位于同一平面。回到实验室后使用尖头镊子将叶片沿边角撕开,使用光学显微镜在40倍镜下观察胶水上的叶片拓印痕迹。使用显微镜自带的测量工具测定气孔长度和宽度,各重复100个气孔,在40倍视野下记录气孔个数,重复5个视野。
选择晴朗少云微风或无风的天气,每个处理区选择长势一致的桑树3株,选择无挡、受光照条件好的10片新完全展开叶或冠层顶端叶,在动态测量过程中不更换叶片。采用Licor 6800光合仪测定胞间二氧化碳浓度(Ci,μmol/mol)、气孔导度[Gs,mol/(m2·s)]、净光合速率[Pn,μmol/(m2·s)]、蒸腾速率[Tr,mmol/(m2·s)]、水分利用效率(WUE,μmol/mmol)等光合指标。另外测量感染花叶病的感病植株的光合数据。
课题组对不同桑树资源展开统计,获取不同品种桑树的多种农艺性状指标及品质指标。每小区刈割60 d后,统一留茬5~8 cm进行再次刈割,并称量各小区的枝叶重量,海南每年可收获5茬,产量为折算成每公顷的年产量。同时,每小区称取0.5 kg鲜叶样品,粉碎后放入牛皮纸袋,105 ℃杀青30 min,65 ℃烘干至恒重,称干重,计算叶干鲜比。刈割时,随机选择10株相同树种,测定其株高(地表至植株顶端的绝对株高)、分枝数、茎粗(主枝条茎直径)、叶长和叶宽(第5~7叶位中最大成熟叶)、绿叶数(从顶端往下1 m长度枝条上叶片的数量)。将烘干桑叶粉碎过筛,保存于封口袋,后期在实验室内测定营养品质。在本研究中,挑选株高、叶长、叶宽、叶片数、分枝数、茎粗、叶重、枝条重、叶干重和干鲜比等农艺性状指标,粗蛋白、全磷、全钙和黄酮4个营养指标,作为与光合等数据进行相关性分析的一部分内容。
使用Office软件进行数据整理,通过SPSS软件进行差异显著性分析及相关性热图绘制,使用R语言构建结构方程模型。
尽管不同桑树品种气孔形态特征存在显著差异,但也表现出一些共同点,其共同点反映了桑树作为一个物种在适应环境和生理功能上的普遍机制。所有品种的气孔基本均为椭圆形,周围有保卫细胞控制其开闭。
图1可以看出,丰驰品种的气孔普遍较小;桂5品种的气孔较小且略显不规则,细胞排列紧密;桂6品种的气孔较大且间距广;桂桑优12品种的气孔中等大小且形状规则;冀桑品种的气孔密且小;桑特1品种的气孔大小不一且形状不规则,细胞排列松散;育711品种的气孔分布均匀且形状规则;琼桑2品种的气孔较大且排列规整。
表2可知,正常的桑树品种的气孔长度、宽度、密度均差异显著(P<0.05)。桂5品种的气孔长度最长,为(23.16±0.44)µm,显著高于其他品种;而桂桑优12品种的气孔长度最短,仅为(13.99±0.34)µm。育711品种的气孔宽度最大,为(14.63±0.23)µm,显著高于除桂5外的其他品种;而桂桑优12品种的气孔宽度最小,为(9.75±0.24)µm。琼桑2品种的气孔密度最高,为(10.76±0.44)个/cm2,显著高于除桑特1外的其他品种;而桂5品种的气孔密度最低,仅为(3.90±0.24)个/cm2。各品种在气孔长度、宽度、密度上的显著差异反映了其气体交换和光合作用效率上的多样性。
表3可知,正常的桑树品种之间的PnTrGsCi、WUE均差异显著(P<0.05)。沙2×伦109品种桑树的Tr、Gs、WUE最高,分别为14.82 mmol/(m2·s)、1.02 mol/(m2·s)、18.40 μmol/mmol。Pn相对较高,为20.05 μmol/(m2·s),说明该品种的光合能力和水分利用效率良好。
与正常植株相比,花叶病植株生理参数呈明显下降趋势,PnTrGs、WUE分别为10.64 μmol/(m2·s)、7.09 mmol/(m2·s)、0.45 mol/(m2·s)、16.77 μmol/mmol,远低于正常植株,表明花叶病状态对光合能力和水分调节能力产生严重影响。因此,正常桑树品种在适应环境和生长发育方面优势显著,而受病害影响的植株则呈现明显的生理衰退和生长受限。
相关性分析表明,气孔长度与气孔宽度之间呈极显著正相关(r=0.833***),而气孔密度与气孔长度、气孔宽度呈负相关(图2),表明较大的气孔通常伴随着较低的气孔密度。此外,Ci与叶长、叶宽、全钙含量均有显著相关性,表明这些参数可能共同影响桑树的光合效率。株高与叶长、叶宽之间呈极显著正相关(r>0.88),表明植株大小与叶片尺寸之间关系密切。Pn与全钙含量呈极显著正相关(r=0.704**),说明钙在桑树光合作用中的重要作用及光合作用对叶片品质的正向影响。粗蛋白含量与叶重之间呈显著正相关(r=0.660*),也表明其营养成分对桑树叶片生长存在正向影响。
为了进一步说明桑树光合参数、气孔特性、叶片形态参数与农艺参数之间的关系,使用结构方程模型对其作用效应进行分析。模型显示(图3),气孔特性(气孔长度、宽度、密度)与叶品质呈负相关(R2=–0.75**),但通过影响Tr间接促进Pn的提升,进而影响叶片产量。光合参数(WUE和总导度)与Tr呈显著负相关(R2=–0.90**),同时通过影响TrR2=0.45*)间接增强Pn的效应。CiPn的直接影响最大(R2=–0.91***),成为影响叶片产量的关键因素。Pn作为核心中介变量,通过影响光合和气孔特性与产量之间的关系对叶片产量的提升具有重要影响。叶片参数(叶长、叶宽)与叶片产量和叶品质同样具有一定影响,R2分别为0.06和-0.30,但相关性不显著。农艺参数(株高、叶片数、枝条数、茎粗)与叶片产量呈负相关,与品质呈正相关,R2分别为–0.56和0.22,但同样相关性不显著。因此,该模型表明,桑树的气孔特性、光合参数通过直接或间接途径影响净光合速率、蒸腾效率,进而显著影响叶片质量和产量;虽然叶片形态参数(叶长、叶宽)和农艺参数(株高、叶片数、枝条数、茎粗)对叶片质量、产量的相关性在本研究中未达显著水平,但同样具有潜在的作用。
本研究系统分析了不同桑树品种的气孔特性、光合参数、叶片品质及其与农艺性状的关系,揭示了这些生理指标对桑树产量和品质的影响。显著性分析结果表明,不同品种的气孔长度与宽度之间差异显著,且与蒸腾效率呈负相关,表明气孔结构的细微变化能显著影响蒸腾效率。气孔特性对叶片品质的影响较为复杂。一方面,气孔对叶品质有显著直接负效应。气孔开度过大,会导致水分过度散失,干扰叶片内营养物质的运输与代谢;气孔开闭不当,还可能使病原菌通过气孔进入叶片,影响叶片正常生理功能,降低叶片质量与营养成分积累。如在黄杨叶片研究中发现,真菌病原体可通过气孔开口进入叶片,而非直接穿透表皮[16]。另一方面,气孔通过调节蒸腾效率对叶产量及品质产生间接正效应,LAWSON等[17]及DRIESEN等[18]研究气孔响应速度对光合速率和水分利用效率的影响,指出叶片气孔小、密度高的植物,水分利用效率较高,气孔的快速响应对于提升作物光合作用和产量至关重要。这与本研究中气孔通过影响蒸腾间接影响净光合速率,进而影响叶产量的观点相符。在禾本科植物的研究中,TWALLA等[19]探讨了气孔如何通过调节蒸腾作用,刺激生物质分配到韧皮部组织,促进同化物和信号从源到汇的转移。本研究也发现,气孔通过直接调节蒸腾,影响净光合速率,促进叶片产量提升,最终促进叶片营养物质积累;同时,气孔还直接调节营养物质向叶片储存的运输过程。
光合作用是植物的基本生理功能之一,对植物正常生长发育至关重要。气候显著影响植物光合作用,尤其在全球气候变暖的背景下,通过基因操作并最小化碳或能量损失,可能是提高光合效率或作物生产力的理想选择[20]。因此,确定光合作用中对叶产量及叶品质影响最大的因子,具有重要的研究意义。有模型表明,叶片水平的光合作用可以驱动冠层生物量积累,随后在作物模型中,这些生物量被分配至植物的生长器官[21]。光合参数中水分利用效率和水汽总导度通过负调控蒸腾速率,促进净光合速率,从而影响叶产量和叶品质。同时,胞间二氧化碳浓度直接正向影响叶产量或间接通过光合作用负向影响叶产量,从而影响叶品质。前人研究数据显示,桑树胞间二氧化碳浓度与光合速率呈负相关:胞间二氧化碳浓度越高,光合速率越低;浓度较低时,光合速率下降趋势明显;当升至较高水平后,光合速率下降幅度减弱,这与本研究的结果一致[22]。这说明在桑树的栽培管理和光合作用研究中,控制胞间二氧化碳浓度在合适范围是维持较高光合速率的关键。
光合、气孔、营养等因素在植物生长过程中均发挥着一定的功能,单独讨论这些因素,不足以完整解释植物生长过程,且不同因素又包含多种具体指标,这使得研究各因素间的相关性颇具难度[23]。目前的研究多将影响因子分开讨论或简单关联,而未将研究结果进行深入挖掘[24-25]。事实上,使用结构方程模型来探讨不同因素对单个或多个目标结果的影响并不罕见,蔡露露等[26]使用结构方程模型探讨森林中的植被和环境之间的相互作用及其对空气负离子的影响机制和贡献潜力;孙延亮等[27]通过结构方程模型确定施氮肥有助于紫花苜蓿光合面积和光合速率的协同提升,利于光合产物的生成,进而促进苜蓿干物质产量的增加;本研究同样借助结构方程模型,揭示不同桑树品种主要通过气孔特性、胞间二氧化碳浓度的变化,对净光合速率产生影响。较高的净光合速率意味着桑树能够更有效地合成有机物质,从而促进生长和增加产量。前人研究发现气孔的开闭程度显著影响植物的净光合速率和蒸腾速率,这与本研究中通过结构方程得出的结论一致,进一步说明了本研究中结构方程的可靠性[28-29]。气孔在水分胁迫前期是引起叶片净光合速率降低的主要因素[30]。当植物面临水分亏缺时,为减少水分散失,叶片会迅速做出响应,关闭气孔,致使气孔导度降低。随着气孔导度下降,植物的蒸腾速率也随之降低。此外,水分胁迫还会引发植物生理、生化及表面形态结构的改变,进而削弱其光合作用,最终导致植物生长速度减缓[31]。本研究中结构方程同样发现,气孔负向影响蒸腾速率,进而影响净光合速率,与前人的研究结果具有一致性。
本研究利用结构方程模型深入剖析了桑树气孔特性、光合效率、营养成分与农艺性状的复杂关系。研究表明,不同桑树品种通过调整其气孔特性和光合参数来改善产量和品质。气孔形态优化和净光合速率提高是提升桑树生产力的关键[32]。在结构方程模型中影响净光合速率的因子有蒸腾效率以及胞间二氧化碳浓度,同时蒸腾效率也受气孔影响。未来的研究应进一步探讨与这些关键指标相关的基因,以通过基因过表达或其他生物技术手段改良品种,实现更高的产量和更优的品质。
  • 中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(1630042021026)
  • 国家蚕桑产业技术体系(CARS-18)
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2025年第46卷第4期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.04.018
  • 接收时间:2024-10-31
  • 首发时间:2026-06-24
  • 出版时间:2025-04-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-10-31
  • 录用日期:2024-11-25
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中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(1630042021026)
国家蚕桑产业技术体系(CARS-18)
作者信息
    1.中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所,海南海口 571101
    2.海南大学,海南海口 570228

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* 武华周(WU Huazhou),E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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