Article(id=1276531635071873580, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276531538535781212, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.04.012, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1730476800000, receivedDateStr=2024-11-02, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1733932800000, acceptedDateStr=2024-12-12, onlineDate=1782278458611, onlineDateStr=2026-06-24, pubDate=1745510400000, pubDateStr=2025-04-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1782278458611, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1782278458611, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1782278458611, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1276531538535781212, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, year='2025', volume='46', issue='4', pageStart='777', pageEnd='1024', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1745510400000', pubDateStr='2025-04-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1782278435595, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782278607615, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1276532260098675208, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276531538535781212, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1276532260098675209, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276531538535781212, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=894, endPage=901, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1276531635365474862, articleId=1276531635071873580, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=EN, title=Analysis of Morphological Structure and Carbon-Nitrogen Content Changes in Apical Buds During Off-season Flowering of Longan, columnId=1236256434120348225, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, columnName=Plant Cultivation, Physiology & Biochemistry, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) is an important economic crop in tropical subtropical areas. Under normal circumstances, longan can become flowers only when induced by low temperature in winter together with appropriate measures to control the winter tips, but potassium chlorate, as the only known compound that can induce longan to become flowers in the opposite season, the anatomical process and physiological mechanism of the potassium chlorate-regulated flower formation are not clear, and the carbon and nitrogen nutrition is closely related to flower formation. Carbon and nitrogen nutrition are closely related to flower formation, therefore, analyzing the changes of carbon and nitrogen content of longan by potassium chlorate is also an important perspective to reveal the mechanism of flower formation. In this study, we used Shixia longan (Dimocarpus longan Shixia) as the test material, and induced the antiseasonal flower formation of longan by soil application of potassium chlorate to investigate the anatomical changes of the terminal buds of the antiseasonal longan during flower formation, and analyzed the changes in the C and N contents as well as the relationship between C/N and the development of the terminal buds. By observing the growth point of the terminal buds in the control group, which always showed a more pointed leaf bud state, the terminal buds after potassium chlorate treatment clarified the three stages of flower bud differentiation according to the changes in the morphology of the growth point: the stage of physiological differentiation of flower buds, the stage of inflorescence formation of flower buds, and the stage of floral organ formation. The carbon content of terminal buds treated with potassium chlorate showed a continuous increasing trend, while the carbon content of the control showed an increasing and then decreasing trend, the nitrogen content of both groups showed an increasing and then decreasing trend, and the C/N trend of the two groups showed a “stable-decreasing-increasing” trend. At the stage of flower bud physiological differentiation, the C/N content of terminal buds increased more than that of the control after KClO3 treatment, while the N content of both groups did not change much. The C/N content of terminal buds increased from 22.82 to 23.41, while that of the control decreased from 22.82 to 22.63, showing a smooth trend in both groups. During the inflorescence formation stage of flower buds, the increase in total carbon content of terminal buds was smaller than that of the control, while the increase in total nitrogen content was larger than that of the control after potassium chlorate treatment; the C/N of terminal buds decreased from 23.41 to 17.65 after potassium chlorate treatment, while that of the control decreased from 22.63 to 20.29, and the decrease of terminal buds was larger after potassium chlorate treatment than that of the control. At the stage of inflorescence emergence, the whole carbon and nitrogen contents of terminal buds showed an increasing trend after potassium chlorate treatment, while the opposite was true for the control. The C/N of terminal buds increased from 17.65 to 21.44 after potassium chlorate treatment, while that of the control increased from 20.29 to 22.92, but the rate of increase of terminal buds was greater after potassium chlorate treatment than that of the control. This study reveals that a more than 21.47% increase in the C/N ratio of longan terminal buds is conducive to flowering. The application of potassium chlorate through soil leads to a continuous increase in total carbon content and an initial increase followed by a decrease in total nitrogen content in longan terminal buds, resulting in a significant rise in the C/N ratio, which is beneficial for the development of terminal buds towards floral formation.

, authors=null, authorsList=Meiquan WEI, Songgang LI, Ziqing YANG, Lijie HUANG, Chengdong JIANG, Jiabao WANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Jiabao WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1276531637609427514, articleId=1276531635071873580, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=CN, title=反季节龙眼成花过程中顶芽形态结构和碳氮含量变化分析, columnId=1236256434313286224, journalTitle=热带作物学报, columnName=作物栽培与生理生化, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

龙眼(Dimocarpus longan Lour.)是热带亚热带地区重要的经济作物之一,正常情况下龙眼经冬季低温诱导配合适当的控制冬梢措施方能成花,而氯酸钾作为唯一已知能诱导龙眼反季节成花的化合物,其调控成花的生理机制并不明确。众所周知,碳氮营养与成花密切相关,而碳氮营养的变化与顶芽形态学超微结构变化与成花的关系还不为所知。因此,分析氯酸钾对龙眼顶芽结构及碳氮含量的变化也是揭示其成花机理的重要视角。本研究以石硖龙眼(Dimocarpus longan Shixia)为试材,通过土施氯酸钾诱导反季节成花,探究成花过程中顶芽的解剖学变化,分析C、N含量变化及C/N与顶芽发育的关系。结果表明:对照组顶芽生长点始终呈现较尖的叶芽状态,而氯酸钾处理后顶芽根据生长点形态的变化,明确了花芽分化的3个阶段为花芽生理分化期、花序分化期和花序抽生期。氯酸钾处理后顶芽全碳含量呈现持续上升的趋势,而对照全碳含量呈现先升后降的趋势,处理及对照全氮含量均呈现先升后降的趋势,且C/N均呈“平稳-下降-上升”趋势。在花芽生理分化期,氯酸钾处理后顶芽全碳含量上升幅度较对照大,2组全氮含量变化不大;氯酸钾处理后顶芽C/N从22.82上升至23.41,而对照C/N从22.82降至22.63,2组趋势较平稳。在花序分化期,氯酸钾处理后顶芽全碳含量上升幅度较对照小,而全氮含量上升幅度较对照大;氯酸钾处理后顶芽C/N从23.41降至17.65,而对照C/N从22.63降至20.29,氯酸钾处理后顶芽较对照下降幅度更大。花序抽生期,氯酸钾处理后顶芽全碳与全氮含量呈上升趋势,而对照与之相反;氯酸钾处理后顶芽C/N从17.65升至21.44,而对照C/N从20.29升至22.92,但氯酸钾处理后顶芽上升幅度较对照大。本研究认为龙眼顶芽C/N提升21.47%以上易成花,而土施氯酸钾使得龙眼顶芽全碳含量持续上升、全氮含量先升后降,导致C/N大幅度上升,有利于顶芽向形成花方向发育。

, authors=

韦美泉(2000—),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:龙眼花芽分化调控。

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* 王家保(WANG Jiabao),E-mail:
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韦美泉(2000—),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:龙眼花芽分化调控。

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韦美泉(2000—),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:龙眼花芽分化调控。

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Discussion on the preparation techniques of ground sections for pathological tissue specimens with implants[J]. Chinese Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, 2021, 37(3): 357-358. 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Concurrent determination by elemental analyzer of total nitrogen and total carbon in soil samples[J]. Urban Geology, 2022, 17(2): 249-254. 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Determination of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in plants: NY/T 2017—2011[S]. Beijing: China Agriculture Press, 2011. 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Effects of exogenous ABA on leaf anatomy andhormone contents of apple rootstocks[J]. Agricultural Research in Arid Regions, 2019, 37(3): 31-40. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Effects of exogenous ABA on leaf anatomy andhormone contents of apple rootstocks, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276531653648446112, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276531635071873580, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=31, authorNames=黄运鹏, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=黄运鹏. 越南青柚反季节促花及其相关生理机制研究[D]. 南宁: 广西大学, 2020., articleTitle=越南青柚反季节促花及其相关生理机制研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276531653715554977, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276531635071873580, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=32, authorNames=HUANG Y P, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HUANG Y P. Study on the off-season flower promotion and related physiological mechanism of Vietnamese green pomelo[D]. Nanning: Guangxi University, 2020. 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Effect of root restriction on flower bud formation of ‘Yuanmeng’ peach trees[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2018, 35(11): 1363-1373. 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Study on the changes of endogenous hormones, carbohydrate and nitrogen nutrition at the flower bud differentiation stage of Rosa roxburghii[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2003(1): 40-43. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Study on the changes of endogenous hormones, carbohydrate and nitrogen nutrition at the flower bud differentiation stage of Rosa roxburghii, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276531654139179686, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276531635071873580, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2006, volume=null, issue=4, pageStart=25, pageEnd=28, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=37, authorNames=吴志祥, 王令霞, 陶忠良, 周兆德, 阳辛凤, journalName=热带作物学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=吴志祥, 王令霞, 陶忠良, 周兆德, 阳辛凤. 2个荔枝品种花芽分化期碳氮营养的变化[J]. 热带作物学报, 2006(4): 25-28., articleTitle=2个荔枝品种花芽分化期碳氮营养的变化, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276531654206288551, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276531635071873580, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2006, volume=null, issue=4, pageStart=25, pageEnd=28, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=38, authorNames=WU Z X, WANG L X, TAO Z L, ZHOU Z D, YANG X F, journalName=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WU Z X, WANG L X, TAO Z L, ZHOU Z D, YANG X F. Changes of carbonitride in two litchi cultivars during flower bud differentiation[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2006(4): 25-28. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Changes of carbonitride in two litchi cultivars during flower bud differentiation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276531654285980328, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276531635071873580, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=39, authorNames=廖以金, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=廖以金. 火龙果补光诱导花芽分化影响因子及效应研究[D]. 海口: 海南大学, 2022., articleTitle=火龙果补光诱导花芽分化影响因子及效应研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276531654365672105, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276531635071873580, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=40, authorNames=LIAO Y J, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIAO Y J. Study on the influence factors andeffects of the induction of buddifferentiation by thecomplementing of dragon fruit[D]. Haikou: Hainan University, 2022. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Study on the influence factors andeffects of the induction of buddifferentiation by thecomplementing of dragon fruit, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276531654445363882, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276531635071873580, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=34, issue=8, pageStart=1007, pageEnd=1015, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=41, authorNames=欧阳芬, 袁德义, 范晓明, 邹锋, 高超, 王刚, journalName=果树学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=欧阳芬, 袁德义, 范晓明, 邹锋, 高超, 王刚. 锥栗花芽雏梢分化进程及其相关营养物质含量的变化[J]. 果树学报, 2017, 34(8): 1007-1015., articleTitle=锥栗花芽雏梢分化进程及其相关营养物质含量的变化, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276531654525055659, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276531635071873580, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=34, issue=8, pageStart=1007, pageEnd=1015, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=42, authorNames=OUYANG F, YUAN D Y, FAN X M, ZOU F, GAO C, WANG G, journalName=Acta Horticulturae Sinica, refType=null, unstructuredReference=OUYANG F, YUAN D Y, FAN X M, ZOU F, GAO C, WANG G. A study on the floral shoot differentiation process and the changes in nutrient contents in Castanea henryi[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2017, 34(8): 1007-1015. (in Chinese), articleTitle=A study on the floral shoot differentiation process and the changes in nutrient contents in Castanea henryi, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276531654604747436, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276531635071873580, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2010, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=43, authorNames=蔡中芳, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=蔡中芳. 四季花龙眼花芽分化期营养动态变化的研究[D]. 兰州: 甘肃农业大学, 2010., articleTitle=四季花龙眼花芽分化期营养动态变化的研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276531654692827821, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276531635071873580, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2010, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=44, authorNames=CAI Z F, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CAI Z F. Research of change of nutrition dynamic during flower bud differentiation in Sijihua longan[D]. Lanzhou: Gansu Agricultural University, 2010. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Research of change of nutrition dynamic during flower bud differentiation in Sijihua longan, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276531654768325294, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276531635071873580, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2010, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=45, authorNames=王伟, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王伟. 龙眼反季节成花诱导与内源激素及其他生长物质关系的研究[D]. 福州: 福建农林大学, 2010., articleTitle=龙眼反季节成花诱导与内源激素及其他生长物质关系的研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276531654839628464, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276531635071873580, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2010, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=46, authorNames=WANG W, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG W. Studies on the relationship of potassium chlorate (KClO3) on off-season flower-bud formation of longan and endogenous hormones and other growth substances[D]. Fuzhou: Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 2010. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Studies on the relationship of potassium chlorate (KClO3) on off-season flower-bud formation of longan and endogenous hormones and other growth substances, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276531654906737329, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276531635071873580, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[28], rfOrder=47, authorNames=梁钒, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=梁钒. 龙眼花芽生理分化期关键microRNA及其靶基因的鉴定与互作研究[D]. 福州: 福建农林大学, 2023., articleTitle=龙眼花芽生理分化期关键microRNA及其靶基因的鉴定与互作研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276531654973846194, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276531635071873580, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[28], rfOrder=48, authorNames=LIANG F, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIANG F. Identification and interaction study of key microRNAs and their target genes in thephysiological differentiation stage of longan flower buds[D]. Fuzhou: Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 2023. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Identification and interaction study of key microRNAs and their target genes in thephysiological differentiation stage of longan flower buds, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276531655040955059, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276531635071873580, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=49, authorNames=邱宏业, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=邱宏业. 生长调节剂调控四季蜜龙眼夏季成花机理的初步研究[D]. 南宁: 广西大学, 2016., articleTitle=生长调节剂调控四季蜜龙眼夏季成花机理的初步研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276531655129035444, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276531635071873580, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=50, authorNames=QIU H Y, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=QIU H Y. Preliminary study on the flowering mechanism of Longan cv. Sijimi flowering in summer regulated with growth regulators[D]. Nanning: Guangxi University, 2016. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Preliminary study on the flowering mechanism of Longan cv. Sijimi flowering in summer regulated with growth regulators, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276531655200338613, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276531635071873580, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2009, volume=34, issue=4, pageStart=18, pageEnd=20, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=51, authorNames=许伟东, 郑诚乐, 吴宪志, 郑碧海, journalName=福建热作科技, refType=null, unstructuredReference=许伟东, 郑诚乐, 吴宪志, 郑碧海. 杨梅花芽生理分化期叶片碳氮含量动态变化[J]. 福建热作科技, 2009, 34(4): 18-20., articleTitle=杨梅花芽生理分化期叶片碳氮含量动态变化, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276531655267447478, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276531635071873580, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2009, volume=34, issue=4, pageStart=18, pageEnd=20, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=52, authorNames=XU W D, ZHENG C L, WU X Z, ZHENG B H, journalName=Fujian Hot Crop Science and Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=XU W D, ZHENG C L, WU X Z, ZHENG B H. Dynamic changes in carbon and nitrogen content of bayberry leaf during the physiological differentiation period of floral buds[J]. Fujian Hot Crop Science and Technology, 2009, 34(4): 18-20. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Dynamic changes in carbon and nitrogen content of bayberry leaf during the physiological differentiation period of floral buds, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276531655355527863, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276531635071873580, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=46, issue=3, pageStart=48, pageEnd=51, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[31], rfOrder=53, authorNames=吴先昂, journalName=现代园艺, refType=null, unstructuredReference=吴先昂. 叶面肥对库尔勒香梨花芽分化过程中C/N及其代谢关键酶活性的影响[J]. 现代园艺, 2023, 46(3): 48-51., articleTitle=叶面肥对库尔勒香梨花芽分化过程中C/N及其代谢关键酶活性的影响, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276531655422636728, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276531635071873580, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=46, issue=3, pageStart=48, pageEnd=51, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[31], rfOrder=54, authorNames=WU X A, journalName=Modern Horticulture, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WU X A. The impact of foliar fertilizers on C/N and the activity of key metabolic enzymes during the flower bud differentiation process of Korla pear[J]. Modern Horticulture, 2023, 46(3): 48-51. 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A~C:花芽生理分化期(0、7、14 d);D~E:花芽花序形成期(21~22 d);F~I:花器官形成期(24~25 d、27~28 d);箭头:花序原基;M:分生组织(生长点);LIM:侧花序原基;LP:叶原基;k:萼片。

, figureFileSmall=/HGL0JJtY5YPvSLo5v9hng==, figureFileBig=3L3rcHOBc8as+0eWkCQhrA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276531649466724983, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276531635071873580, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Changes in total carbon content of apical buds induction of longan flowering by potassium chlorate, figureFileSmall=a/W7DujfHodyjy5B61whug==, figureFileBig=13SxKVSFvgGy5YZkq8gOhQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276531649881961081, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276531635071873580, language=CN, label=图3, caption=氯酸钾诱导龙眼成花顶芽全碳含量变化

不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=a/W7DujfHodyjy5B61whug==, figureFileBig=13SxKVSFvgGy5YZkq8gOhQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276531649961652858, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276531635071873580, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Changes in total nitrogen content of apical buds induction of longan flowering by potassium chlorate, figureFileSmall=hjoQwccsJeqF8vow+DcbuA==, figureFileBig=GcQtHlyBm6u9uIrPq2NXUg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276531650280419963, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276531635071873580, language=CN, label=图4, caption=氯酸钾诱导龙眼成花顶芽全氮含量变化

不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=hjoQwccsJeqF8vow+DcbuA==, figureFileBig=GcQtHlyBm6u9uIrPq2NXUg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276531650355917436, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276531635071873580, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Dynamic changes in C/N ratio of apical buds induction of longan flowering by potassium chlorate, figureFileSmall=fRjymkE4anPJbC1ufAFSmQ==, figureFileBig=othucgQ7z2N7Zj3MK7fIYA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276531650427220605, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276531635071873580, language=CN, label=图5, caption=氯酸钾诱导龙眼成花顶芽C/N的动态变化

不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。

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反季节龙眼成花过程中顶芽形态结构和碳氮含量变化分析
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韦美泉 1, 3 , 李松刚 2 , 杨子琴 2 , 黄丽洁 2 , 姜成东 1 , 王家保 2, *
热带作物学报 | 作物栽培与生理生化 2025,46(4): 894-901
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热带作物学报 |作物栽培与生理生化 2025 , 46 (4) : 894 -901
反季节龙眼成花过程中顶芽形态结构和碳氮含量变化分析
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韦美泉(2000—),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:龙眼花芽分化调控。

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韦美泉(2000—),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:龙眼花芽分化调控。

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韦美泉1, 3, 李松刚2, 杨子琴2, 黄丽洁2, 姜成东1, 王家保2, *
作者信息
  • 1.海南大学,海南海口 570228
  • 2.中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所,海南海口 571101
  • 3.中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所,海南海口 571101
通讯作者:
* 王家保(WANG Jiabao),E-mail:
Analysis of Morphological Structure and Carbon-Nitrogen Content Changes in Apical Buds During Off-season Flowering of Longan
Meiquan WEI1, 3, Songgang LI2, Ziqing YANG2, Lijie HUANG2, Chengdong JIANG1, Jiabao WANG2, *
Affiliations
  • 1.Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
  • 2.Institute of Tropical Crops Variety Resources, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China
  • 3.Institute of Environment and Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China
出版时间: 2025-04-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.04.012
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龙眼(Dimocarpus longan Lour.)是热带亚热带地区重要的经济作物之一,正常情况下龙眼经冬季低温诱导配合适当的控制冬梢措施方能成花,而氯酸钾作为唯一已知能诱导龙眼反季节成花的化合物,其调控成花的生理机制并不明确。众所周知,碳氮营养与成花密切相关,而碳氮营养的变化与顶芽形态学超微结构变化与成花的关系还不为所知。因此,分析氯酸钾对龙眼顶芽结构及碳氮含量的变化也是揭示其成花机理的重要视角。本研究以石硖龙眼(Dimocarpus longan Shixia)为试材,通过土施氯酸钾诱导反季节成花,探究成花过程中顶芽的解剖学变化,分析C、N含量变化及C/N与顶芽发育的关系。结果表明:对照组顶芽生长点始终呈现较尖的叶芽状态,而氯酸钾处理后顶芽根据生长点形态的变化,明确了花芽分化的3个阶段为花芽生理分化期、花序分化期和花序抽生期。氯酸钾处理后顶芽全碳含量呈现持续上升的趋势,而对照全碳含量呈现先升后降的趋势,处理及对照全氮含量均呈现先升后降的趋势,且C/N均呈“平稳-下降-上升”趋势。在花芽生理分化期,氯酸钾处理后顶芽全碳含量上升幅度较对照大,2组全氮含量变化不大;氯酸钾处理后顶芽C/N从22.82上升至23.41,而对照C/N从22.82降至22.63,2组趋势较平稳。在花序分化期,氯酸钾处理后顶芽全碳含量上升幅度较对照小,而全氮含量上升幅度较对照大;氯酸钾处理后顶芽C/N从23.41降至17.65,而对照C/N从22.63降至20.29,氯酸钾处理后顶芽较对照下降幅度更大。花序抽生期,氯酸钾处理后顶芽全碳与全氮含量呈上升趋势,而对照与之相反;氯酸钾处理后顶芽C/N从17.65升至21.44,而对照C/N从20.29升至22.92,但氯酸钾处理后顶芽上升幅度较对照大。本研究认为龙眼顶芽C/N提升21.47%以上易成花,而土施氯酸钾使得龙眼顶芽全碳含量持续上升、全氮含量先升后降,导致C/N大幅度上升,有利于顶芽向形成花方向发育。

龙眼  /  氯酸钾  /  顶芽  /  花芽分化  /  C/N

Longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) is an important economic crop in tropical subtropical areas. Under normal circumstances, longan can become flowers only when induced by low temperature in winter together with appropriate measures to control the winter tips, but potassium chlorate, as the only known compound that can induce longan to become flowers in the opposite season, the anatomical process and physiological mechanism of the potassium chlorate-regulated flower formation are not clear, and the carbon and nitrogen nutrition is closely related to flower formation. Carbon and nitrogen nutrition are closely related to flower formation, therefore, analyzing the changes of carbon and nitrogen content of longan by potassium chlorate is also an important perspective to reveal the mechanism of flower formation. In this study, we used Shixia longan (Dimocarpus longan Shixia) as the test material, and induced the antiseasonal flower formation of longan by soil application of potassium chlorate to investigate the anatomical changes of the terminal buds of the antiseasonal longan during flower formation, and analyzed the changes in the C and N contents as well as the relationship between C/N and the development of the terminal buds. By observing the growth point of the terminal buds in the control group, which always showed a more pointed leaf bud state, the terminal buds after potassium chlorate treatment clarified the three stages of flower bud differentiation according to the changes in the morphology of the growth point: the stage of physiological differentiation of flower buds, the stage of inflorescence formation of flower buds, and the stage of floral organ formation. The carbon content of terminal buds treated with potassium chlorate showed a continuous increasing trend, while the carbon content of the control showed an increasing and then decreasing trend, the nitrogen content of both groups showed an increasing and then decreasing trend, and the C/N trend of the two groups showed a “stable-decreasing-increasing” trend. At the stage of flower bud physiological differentiation, the C/N content of terminal buds increased more than that of the control after KClO3 treatment, while the N content of both groups did not change much. The C/N content of terminal buds increased from 22.82 to 23.41, while that of the control decreased from 22.82 to 22.63, showing a smooth trend in both groups. During the inflorescence formation stage of flower buds, the increase in total carbon content of terminal buds was smaller than that of the control, while the increase in total nitrogen content was larger than that of the control after potassium chlorate treatment; the C/N of terminal buds decreased from 23.41 to 17.65 after potassium chlorate treatment, while that of the control decreased from 22.63 to 20.29, and the decrease of terminal buds was larger after potassium chlorate treatment than that of the control. At the stage of inflorescence emergence, the whole carbon and nitrogen contents of terminal buds showed an increasing trend after potassium chlorate treatment, while the opposite was true for the control. The C/N of terminal buds increased from 17.65 to 21.44 after potassium chlorate treatment, while that of the control increased from 20.29 to 22.92, but the rate of increase of terminal buds was greater after potassium chlorate treatment than that of the control. This study reveals that a more than 21.47% increase in the C/N ratio of longan terminal buds is conducive to flowering. The application of potassium chlorate through soil leads to a continuous increase in total carbon content and an initial increase followed by a decrease in total nitrogen content in longan terminal buds, resulting in a significant rise in the C/N ratio, which is beneficial for the development of terminal buds towards floral formation.

longan  /  potassium chlorate  /  apical bud  /  floral bud differentiation  /  C/N
韦美泉, 李松刚, 杨子琴, 黄丽洁, 姜成东, 王家保. 反季节龙眼成花过程中顶芽形态结构和碳氮含量变化分析. 热带作物学报, 2025 , 46 (4) : 894 -901 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.04.012
Meiquan WEI, Songgang LI, Ziqing YANG, Lijie HUANG, Chengdong JIANG, Jiabao WANG. Analysis of Morphological Structure and Carbon-Nitrogen Content Changes in Apical Buds During Off-season Flowering of Longan[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2025 , 46 (4) : 894 -901 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.04.012
花芽分化是果树产量形成的第一步。成花机理的探索也一直是果树学界最为引人入胜的课题之一。龙眼(Dimocarpus longan Lour.),属于无患子科(Sapindaceae)龙眼属(Dimocarpus Lour)的热带、亚热带果树[1],主栽品种多为南亚热带基因型龙眼,其成花随季节有节律地呈现。正常情况下龙眼经冬季低温诱导配合适当的控梢方能成花,这些活动受内源生物钟[2]、C/N[3]、激素[2]、胁迫信号[2,4-5]、成花基因调节[6-7]。同属的荔枝也具有相同的成花习性,特别是龙眼可以在氯酸钾诱导下反季节成花,与经典的成花理论不同,而氯酸钾诱导龙眼成花是否涉及C/N的改变值得深入研究。前人对龙眼反季节成花的研究多集中在碳营养的积累上,而对氮素的研究较少[8-9]
C/N学说作为一个经典的成花理论,深刻地影响着果树花芽分化的众多调控措施[3],该学说认为,当植物体内的C/N值较高时,有利于生殖生长,促进开花;相反,当C/N值较低时,则有利于营养生长,延迟开花。C/N学说的核心在于植物体内营养物质的平衡,特别是碳素和氮素的比例,只有C/N达到适合的比例时才会促进花芽分化,这一理论在许多植物中得到验证[10-15]。而C/N在龙眼成花过程中的阈值还未见报道。因此有必要研究反季节龙眼成花过程中C/N与龙眼顶芽发育的关系。
氯酸钾诱导的龙眼顶芽发育与自然成花的龙眼由于季节不同,其分化的关键节点在何时还不为所知,氯酸钾如何调控营养物质分配进而促进花芽形成还缺乏足够的证据支撑。因此,需要将C/N与反季节龙眼顶芽形态分化建立联系。本研究以石硖龙眼(Dimocarpus longan Shixia)为试验材料,研究土施氯酸钾诱导其反季节成花,从顶芽的形态结构变化、碳氮含量变化、C/N值变化方面,研究氯酸钾对龙眼植株顶芽形态结构及生理指标的调控作用,为进一步揭示反季节龙眼成花机制提供理论依据。
试验于2024年6月在海南省儋州市中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所龙眼资源圃中进行。试材为8年生石硖龙眼,选取长势基本一致、当年未结果、已经抽生3次梢、新叶完全展开并老熟、顶芽停止生长的植株18株挂牌作为试验树。
每米树冠直径在树冠滴水线内的2/3大环内,用0.25 kg氯酸钾溶解后淋施,并灌水保持土壤湿润。对照施等量清水。施药后果园常规管理。试验与对照(CK)处理树各9株,每3株为1个重复,重复3次。
处理后0 d开始采样,每7 d采集1次,对照组与处理组各采集60个芽,共5次,时间为早上7:00—9:00。
制作切片取样:采集处理及对照的顶芽约2 cm,剥除腋芽的鳞片,转入50% FAA固定液,带回实验室后,常温保存,用于切片观察。
新鲜组织确定取材部位,然后70% FAA固定植物组织,固定至少48 h。硬组织切片制片参考朱福余等[16]的方法。染色改为甲苯胺蓝染色,将切磨片浸入切片入甲苯胺蓝染液5 min,水洗,正置光学显微镜(Nikon Eclipse E100,日本尼康)下控制染色程度,如果染色程度较深可以用95%乙醇分化,染色完成后,自来水洗10 s,将切片置于60 ℃烤箱内烤干。切片入干净的二甲苯透明30 s,中性树胶封片,用数字病理切片扫描仪(LG-S80,武汉赛维尔)拍照观察。
全碳测定:称取2 g顶芽,烘箱70 ℃烘干后,研磨成粉,过60目筛后备用。后用电子天平(精确到万分之一)称取10 mg样品,每处理组称取3份,放入固体进样器后利用元素分析仪(耶拿multi EA5100,德国)测定全碳(C)含量[17]。全氮测定:用凯氏定氮仪(Foss / Kjeltec 8400,丹麦)测定全氮(N)含量[18]。根据测得的全碳与全氮含量,计算碳氮比(C/N)。
试验数据用Excel 2018、SPSS 26.0和GraphPad Prism 8.0.2软件进行数据处理、作图及方差分析。
图1所示,氯酸钾处理后7~14 d,顶芽和腋芽开始萌动;处理后21 d,腋芽已经开始显现红点,代表花芽已经进入形态分化期;处理后28 d,顶芽和侧芽均抽生花序,代表顶芽的形态分化期结束,进入花器官形成期。与处理组相比,同期对照组的顶芽始终处于休眠状态。
图2A所示,顶芽生长点狭长,尖且鳞片紧包,难以分离,判断此阶段为未分化时期的顶芽。紧接着顶芽生长点变宽、微微向上隆起(图2B),顶芽进入萌动期。随后花序原基细胞逐渐生长变大,生长点进一步向上隆起由尖变圆,呈现圆锥型(图2C),此阶段顶芽细胞分裂活跃,是花芽由生理分化向形态分化过渡的关键节点。由此可见,反季节龙眼完成花芽生理分化大约需14 d,之后转入形态分化期。
图2D图2E所示,随着顶芽分生组织的进一步分化,逐渐形成花序雏形。同时腋间分生组织已膨大伸长形成花序雏形,生长点膨大向上隆起呈现半球形,代表主花序原基形成,随着花序原基细胞不断分裂,生长点两侧凸起并进一步分化形成弓形萼片,包住花芽原基的外端,随着花序顶端伸长生长,不断出现萼片原基并进一步分化为新的萼片,由此可见,反季节龙眼催花后21 d即可进入花芽形态分化前期。
图2F~图2I所示,生长点变平变圆,随后花序原基凸起,进而形成花序。由此可见,反季节龙眼催花后28 d即可进入开花阶段,这与生物学观察到的成花时期完全一致。
图3所示,氯酸钾处理后0 d,对照与处理组的全碳含量为405.25 g/kg,随着时间的推移,处理组龙眼顶芽全碳含量持续上升,而对照组呈先升后降的趋势。处理组顶芽全碳含量在28 d达到峰值442.88 g/kg,而对照组在28 d下降至401.91 g/kg,21~28 d是花序形成及快速抽生阶段,表明顶芽中的全碳含量变化与该阶段花序形态建成关系密切。
图4所示,氯酸钾处理后0~14 d,顶芽全氮含量相对稳定,保持在约18 g/kg,处理后21 d,全氮含量迅速上升至24.05 g/kg,在处理后28 d略下降为20.65 g/kg。对照组的全氮含量在整个检测期与处理组有相似的变化趋势,全氮含量为19 g/kg。结果表明,氯酸钾处理促进了顶芽全氮含量略高于对照组,尤其是在处理后21~28 d这个花序抽生阶段。
图5所示,C/N在催花后的28 d波动,表现出明显变化。氯酸钾处理后0~14 d,处理组C/N整体略高于对照组,对照组与处理组变化趋势相似,处理组的C/N在14 d达到峰值23.41,此阶段正值花序原基快速分化期。C/N在氯酸钾处理后的14~21 d有所下降,21 d急速下降至17.65;在处理后21~28 d,C/N有所回升,但仍低于对照组。结果表明,C/N在花序原基形成前高于对照组,而在花序原基形成后低于对照组。
碳水化合物和氮代谢的变化在果树营养生长向生殖生长转变过程中起着重要的作用[19]。C/N学说认为,植物体内的C/N处于合适状态时,顶芽趋向于向生殖生长发展。若植物碳水化合物欠缺,将无法形成花芽;若氮素欠缺,碳素相对过量,虽然能形成花芽但结果不良。高C/N促进花芽分化的理论在青柚[20]、桃[21]、刺梨[22]、荔枝[23]、火龙果[24]等果树上均得到验证。碳氮代谢是植物最基本的代谢过程,碳氮平衡即C/N对果树的花芽分化及生长发育具有极其重要的调节作用。研究认为植物内部的碳氮比是影响花芽分化的关键因素之一,C/N升高有利于促进植物的生殖生长[25],本研究的结果亦有相同结论。
通过顶芽形态结构解剖学观察,发现对照组的顶芽生长点始终呈现较尖叶芽状态,而氯酸钾处理后顶芽生长点呈现明确的3个阶段:花芽生理分化期、花序分化期、花序抽生期,整个花芽分化过程的形态结构变化与前人有相同的研究结果[26-29]。结果表明,在氯酸钾处理后0~14 d,顶芽生长点逐渐由尖变圆,而处理后14 d时顶芽生长点呈圆锥形,可能是龙眼花芽分化的关键节点,表明6月份催花的反季节龙眼完成花芽生理分化期大约需14 d。结合碳素和氮素检测结果来看,对照组顶芽全碳含量从405.25 g/kg上升至415.60 g/kg,全氮含量变化不大,仅从17.76 g/kg上升至18.37 g/kg,C/N趋势较平稳,仅从22.82轻微下降至22.63;而氯酸钾处理导致顶芽的全碳含量从405.25 g/kg上升至419.61 g/kg,全氮含量变化不大,从17.76 g/kg上升至17.93 g/kg,C/N呈略微上升趋势,从22.82上升至23.41。此阶段,氯酸钾处理组顶芽全碳含量上升幅度较对照组顶芽大,全氮含量与对照组差异不大,使得对照组C/N变化趋势较平稳,氯酸钾处理组顶芽C/N呈现略微上升的趋势。全碳含量的积累提高了顶芽组织的C/N比,为顶芽向花的发育提供充足的能量和碳源,支持了花芽分化的启动。
氯酸钾处理后14~21 d,顶芽生长点逐渐由圆锥形变为半球形,处理后21 d时花序原基的顶端进一步分化,主花序原基与侧花序原基分化形成,周围形成弓形萼片包住花芽外端,且此时观察到腋芽有“红点”出现,该阶段已经进入花芽形态分化前期。结合碳氮分析的结果来看,对照组顶芽全碳含量从415.60 g/kg上升至436.04 g/kg,全氮含量从18.37 g/kg上升至21.49 g/kg,C/N呈现下降趋势,从22.63下降至20.69;而氯酸钾处理后顶芽的全碳含量从419.61 g/kg上升至424.59 g/kg,全氮含量从17.93 g/kg上升至峰值24.05 g/kg,C/N也呈现下降趋势,从23.41降低至17.65。此阶段,对照组与氯酸钾处理组的顶芽全碳含量、全氮含量以及C/N的变化趋势较相似,但氯酸钾处理组顶芽全碳含量上升幅度较对照组小,氯酸钾处理组顶芽全氮含量上升幅度较对照组顶芽大,使得氯酸钾处理组顶芽C/N下降幅度较对照组大。全碳含量的持续积累表明其对花芽分化起着重要作用。随着花芽开始分化,树体需调动大量碳源来支持分化过程继续进行[30]。这一阶段涉及到大量的细胞分裂和核酸合成,这些活动消耗大量的氮素,为了满足这一需求,植物会向花芽运输氮素,导致花芽中的全氮含量上升[21]
氯酸钾处理后的21~28 d,顶芽生长点变平变圆,随后花序原基凸起,处理后28 d花序形成,进入花序抽生期。结合碳氮分析的结果来看,对照组顶芽全碳含量从436.04 g/kg下降至401.91 g/kg,全氮含量从21.49 g/kg下降至17.54 g/kg,C/N呈现上升趋势,从20.69上升至22.92;而氯酸钾处理后顶芽的全碳含量持续上升,从424.59 g/kg上升至442.88 g/kg,全氮含量从24.05 g/kg下降至20.65 g/kg,C/N开始回升至21.44。此阶段,对照组顶芽全碳与全氮含量呈下降趋势,氯酸钾处理组顶芽全碳与全氮含量变化趋势与对照组顶芽相反,处理和对照的C/N均呈现上升趋势,但氯酸钾处理组顶芽C/N上升幅度较对照组大。在花序抽生期,顶芽全碳含量不断升高,碳源的充足供应对于花序形成必不可少。当植物从营养生长转入生殖生长,氮素会优先分配到更急需的部位,花芽得到的氮相对减少。植物会把更多的养分用于花朵的开放和授粉过程,花芽中的氮就会被调用。全氮含量的下降可能是因为随着花芽生长,氮素被转移到腋芽开花部位。氮是植物必须的营养元素,碳素和氮素是花芽分化的基本条件,也是花芽分化主要的营养来源和能量供给[31]
综上所述,在花芽分化过程中,对照组顶芽全碳与全氮含量均呈先上升后下降,C/N趋势呈现较平缓;而氯酸钾处理使顶芽全碳含量持续上升,全氮含量先平稳再升高后降低,进而使得C/N呈现“平稳-下降-上升”趋势。综上,氯酸钾使得龙眼顶芽全碳含量上升,全氮含量先降低后升高,较高的C/N有利于顶芽向花芽发育。本研究认为,龙眼成花顶芽C/N提升21.47%以上,氯酸钾处理可使龙眼顶芽全碳含量持续上升,全氮含量先升后降,调节顶芽C/N上升,进而推动成花进程。该研究为进一步解释氯酸钾在龙眼反季节成花中的作用机制提供理论依据。
  • 海南省自然科学基金项目(323RC535)
  • 海南省荔枝产业技术体系项目(HNARS-08)
  • 国家荔枝龙眼产业技术体系项目(CARS-32)
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2025年第46卷第4期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.04.012
  • 接收时间:2024-11-02
  • 首发时间:2026-06-24
  • 出版时间:2025-04-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-11-02
  • 录用日期:2024-12-12
基金
海南省自然科学基金项目(323RC535)
海南省荔枝产业技术体系项目(HNARS-08)
国家荔枝龙眼产业技术体系项目(CARS-32)
作者信息
    1.海南大学,海南海口 570228
    2.中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所,海南海口 571101
    3.中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所,海南海口 571101

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* 王家保(WANG Jiabao),E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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