Article(id=1276862313424622434, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276862113658303045, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.03.016, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1697040000000, receivedDateStr=2023-10-12, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1727020800000, acceptedDateStr=2024-09-23, onlineDate=1782357298474, onlineDateStr=2026-06-25, pubDate=1742832000000, pubDateStr=2025-03-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1782357298474, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-25, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1782357298474, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1782357298474, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1276862113658303045, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, year='2025', volume='46', issue='3', pageStart='515', pageEnd='775', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1742832000000', pubDateStr='2025-03-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1782357250847, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782357480466, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1276863076821496476, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276862113658303045, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1276863076825690781, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276862113658303045, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=688, endPage=694, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1276862315458859876, articleId=1276862313424622434, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=EN, title=Effects of Different Slow-releasing Nitrogen Fertilizers on Growth, Nitrogen Absorption and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Sweet Potato, columnId=1236256434120348225, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, columnName=Plant Cultivation, Physiology & Biochemistry, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Sweet potato is often base fertilized with nitrogen and no further dressing nitrogen fertilizer is needed. It is important to develop and screen slow-releasing nitrogen fertilizers that could meet the nitrogen requirements of sweet potato at different growth stages in order to promote yield and reduce nitrogen rate. A greenhouse pot experiment using variety Sushu 16 was conducted to analyze the effects of different slow-releasing nitrogen fertilizers (urea formaldehyde, sulfur-coated urea, urea formaldehyde resin, urea combined with nitrification inhibitors) on leaf photosynthesis, above-ground and underground biomass and nitrogen content, nitrogen use efficiency, and soil mineral nitrogen (nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen) content at different growth stages of sweet potato (seedling stage, vine burying stage, bulking stage, and harvest stage). Compared with the control, the sulfur-coated urea and oxamide controlled-release nitrogen fertilizers increased the biomass of sweet potato roots by 96.79% and 103.59%, respectively, significantly higher than that of the urea-formaldehyde and urea combined with nitrification inhibitor treatments (P<0.05). In addition, the photosynthesis rate of sweet potato throughout the entire growth period was significantly higher in the sulfur-coated urea treatment than that of unfertilized control, which is beneficial to improving the biomass of sweet potato roots. The nitrogen releasing of sulfur-coated urea and oxamide was less in the seedling and closure period and more in the swelling period and harvest period. The sum of ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen was 1.24-1.60 times that of urea-formaldehyde and urea combined with nitrification inhibitor, and the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate increased by 1.17-1.80 times. In conclusion, sulfur-coated urea and urea formaldehyde are more suitable for the one-time application of nitrogen fertilizer in sweet potato production. The study results could provide scientific basis for nutrient management and nitrogen fertilizer reduction and yield enhancement in sweet potato production.

, authors=null, authorsList=Zekang XU, Kun SHI, Yujun OUYANG, Jianyan WU, Hongbo MA, Xiaobei ZHANG, Jidong WANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Xiaobei ZHANG, Jidong WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1276862317996413818, articleId=1276862313424622434, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=CN, title=不同缓控释氮肥对甘薯生长、氮素吸收及利用的影响, columnId=1236256434313286224, journalTitle=热带作物学报, columnName=作物栽培与生理生化, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

甘薯田间施氮通常采用一次性基施氮肥后不再追施氮肥,因此研发和遴选符合甘薯不同生育期氮素需求的缓控释氮肥对甘薯增产、氮肥减施很重要。本研究以苏薯16为试验材料,采用盆栽试验,在等量氮、磷、钾投入下,分析不同缓控释氮肥(草酰胺、硫包衣尿素、脲甲醛、尿素结合硝化抑制剂)对甘薯不同生育期(苗期、封垄期、膨大期和收获期)生长和氮含量、氮利用效率及土壤矿质氮含量的影响。结果表明:(1)与对照相比,硫包衣尿素和草酰胺控释氮肥分别提高甘薯的块根生物量96.79%和103.59%,且显著高于脲甲醛和尿素结合硝化抑制剂处理(P<0.05)。在膨大期和收获期,硫包衣尿素处理的光合速率显著高于对照,有利于提高块根的生物量。(2)硫包衣尿素和草酰胺在甘薯苗期和封垄期氮素释放量较少,在甘薯膨大期和收获期释放量较多,铵态氮和硝态氮之和是脲甲醛和尿素结合硝化抑制剂的1.24~1.60倍,氮肥利用率提高了1.17~1.80倍。因此,硫包衣尿素和草酰胺较为符合甘薯生产上的一次性氮肥投入。本研究结果可为甘薯的养分管理和氮肥减施增效提供科学依据。

, authors=

许泽康(1987—),男,硕士,助理实验师,研究方向:作物栽培与营养生理。

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* 汪吉东(WANG Jidong),E-mail:
张小贝(ZHANG Xiaobei),E-mail:
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许泽康(1987—),男,硕士,助理实验师,研究方向:作物栽培与营养生理。

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许泽康(1987—),男,硕士,助理实验师,研究方向:作物栽培与营养生理。

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Study on matrix-based (humic acid) SRNFs and their sweet potato biological and rhizosphere soil environmental effects[D]. Tai'an: Shandong Agricultural University, 2007. 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Nutrient releasing characteristic and effects of encapsulated CRF on main crops[D]. Tai'an: Shandong Agricultural University, 2006. 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Release characteristics and fertilizer efficiency of coated controlled-release nitrogen for rice[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2018, 39(9): 1718-1723. 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不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=tZPdU/ZjnEVqPNRfqLVXuQ==, figureFileBig=Ka0h6bw0M8AbOwrPED2NCA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276862333456618428, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276862313424622434, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Effect of different-releasing nitrogen fertilizer treatments on underground biomass, figureFileSmall=jzmw7TABGRYm7xgUiaQ97w==, figureFileBig=Mmh6giRQA4wzR7wM0tYxqA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276862333582447549, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276862313424622434, language=CN, label=图2, caption=不同缓控释氮肥处理的地下部生物量

不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=jzmw7TABGRYm7xgUiaQ97w==, figureFileBig=Mmh6giRQA4wzR7wM0tYxqA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276862333871854526, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276862313424622434, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Effect of different slow-releasing nitrogen fertilizer treatments on leaf chlorophyll content, figureFileSmall=TGFtiyjo+0gmHvGxOHkiRA==, figureFileBig=CLJKGibkkmHWuLi3FQFH5Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276862333943157695, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276862313424622434, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同缓控释氮肥处理的叶片叶绿素含量

不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=TGFtiyjo+0gmHvGxOHkiRA==, figureFileBig=CLJKGibkkmHWuLi3FQFH5Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276862334039626688, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276862313424622434, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Effect of different slow-releasing nitrogen fertilizer treatments on leaf photosynthetic rate, figureFileSmall=XKL5doA54NFPpLTwDUyq3A==, figureFileBig=RBrq/1xmdsIGAcbppp37OQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276862334354199489, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276862313424622434, language=CN, label=图4, caption=不同缓控释氮肥处理的叶片光合速率

不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=XKL5doA54NFPpLTwDUyq3A==, figureFileBig=RBrq/1xmdsIGAcbppp37OQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276862334425502658, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276862313424622434, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Effect of different slow-releasing nitrogen fertilizer treatments on underground nitrogen content, figureFileSmall=tDbCAk0WIhBIB8kkIo7/GA==, figureFileBig=d2iaYvHLsRgcgSuQC8R+4g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276862334496805827, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276862313424622434, language=CN, label=图5, caption=不同缓控释氮肥处理的地下部含氮量

不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=tDbCAk0WIhBIB8kkIo7/GA==, figureFileBig=d2iaYvHLsRgcgSuQC8R+4g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276862334727492548, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276862313424622434, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=Effect of different slow-releasing nitrogen fertilizer treatments on aboveground nitrogen concent, figureFileSmall=d1cHSrML3p1dIRXAEQMruA==, figureFileBig=wvGgerwb0f0XLD0xn+alBQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276862334823961541, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276862313424622434, language=CN, label=图6, caption=不同缓控释氮肥处理的地上部含氮量

不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=d1cHSrML3p1dIRXAEQMruA==, figureFileBig=wvGgerwb0f0XLD0xn+alBQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276862335125951430, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276862313424622434, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=Effect of different slow-releasing nitrogen fertilizer treatments on soil concent, figureFileSmall=fwp2d1BZz/6fg24rPBqZDg==, figureFileBig=LNvLYBEk6QOH6Zx02Qpf0g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276862335536993223, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276862313424622434, language=CN, label=图7, caption=不同缓控释氮肥处理的土壤中硝态氮含量变化, figureFileSmall=fwp2d1BZz/6fg24rPBqZDg==, figureFileBig=LNvLYBEk6QOH6Zx02Qpf0g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276862335608296392, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276862313424622434, language=EN, label=Fig. 8, caption=Effect of different slow-releasing nitrogen fertilizer treatments on soil concent, figureFileSmall=7DV5G3O2NZUAGygBhPArtQ==, figureFileBig=/duu3osZMy8gLN/Df9LW3g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276862335679599561, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276862313424622434, language=CN, label=图8, caption=不同缓控释氮肥处理的土壤中铵态氮含量变化, figureFileSmall=7DV5G3O2NZUAGygBhPArtQ==, figureFileBig=/duu3osZMy8gLN/Df9LW3g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276862335742514122, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276862313424622434, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Effect of different slow-releasing nitrogen fertilizer treatments on nitrogen use efficiency and root shoot rate of sweet potato

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理Treatment氮累积值Nitrogen accumulation value/(g·株-1)氮肥利用率Nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency/%根冠比Root crown ratio
N12.31±0.07cd1.28±0.10b
N22.93±0.05ab38.67±0.32b1.60±0.04a
N33.14±0.08a42.33±0.67a1.22±0.15b
N42.49±0.04c23.48±0.41d1.16±0.11b
N52.79±0.10b33.07±0.56c1.00±0.08b
), ArticleFig(id=1276862335964812235, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276862313424622434, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同缓控释氮肥处理对甘薯氮肥利用率和根冠比的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理Treatment氮累积值Nitrogen accumulation value/(g·株-1)氮肥利用率Nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency/%根冠比Root crown ratio
N12.31±0.07cd1.28±0.10b
N22.93±0.05ab38.67±0.32b1.60±0.04a
N33.14±0.08a42.33±0.67a1.22±0.15b
N42.49±0.04c23.48±0.41d1.16±0.11b
N52.79±0.10b33.07±0.56c1.00±0.08b
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不同缓控释氮肥对甘薯生长、氮素吸收及利用的影响
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许泽康 1 , 石琨 1, 2 , 欧阳宇珺 1 , 吴建燕 3 , 马洪波 2 , 张小贝 4, * , 汪吉东 2, *
热带作物学报 | 作物栽培与生理生化 2025,46(3): 688-694
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热带作物学报 |作物栽培与生理生化 2025 , 46 (3) : 688 -694
不同缓控释氮肥对甘薯生长、氮素吸收及利用的影响
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许泽康1, 石琨1, 2, 欧阳宇珺1, 吴建燕3, 马洪波2, 张小贝4, * , 汪吉东2, *
作者信息
  • 1.海南大学热带农林学院,海南海口 570228
  • 2.江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境所/农业农村部江苏耕地保育科学观测实验站,江苏南京 210014
  • 3.烟台泓源生物肥料有限公司,山东烟台 264003
  • 4.荆门(中国农谷)农业科学研究院,湖北荆门 448000
通讯作者:
* 汪吉东(WANG Jidong),E-mail:
张小贝(ZHANG Xiaobei),E-mail:
Effects of Different Slow-releasing Nitrogen Fertilizers on Growth, Nitrogen Absorption and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Sweet Potato
Zekang XU1, Kun SHI1, 2, Yujun OUYANG1, Jianyan WU3, Hongbo MA2, Xiaobei ZHANG4, * , Jidong WANG2, *
Affiliations
  • 1.College of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
  • 2.Institute of Agricultural Resource and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Scientific Observing and Experimental Station, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (Jiangsu), Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China
  • 3.Yantai Hongyuan Biological Fertilizer Co., Ltd., Yantai, Shandong 2640003, China
  • 4.Jingmen Academy of Agriculture Science, Jingmen, Hubei 448000, China
出版时间: 2025-03-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.03.016
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甘薯田间施氮通常采用一次性基施氮肥后不再追施氮肥,因此研发和遴选符合甘薯不同生育期氮素需求的缓控释氮肥对甘薯增产、氮肥减施很重要。本研究以苏薯16为试验材料,采用盆栽试验,在等量氮、磷、钾投入下,分析不同缓控释氮肥(草酰胺、硫包衣尿素、脲甲醛、尿素结合硝化抑制剂)对甘薯不同生育期(苗期、封垄期、膨大期和收获期)生长和氮含量、氮利用效率及土壤矿质氮含量的影响。结果表明:(1)与对照相比,硫包衣尿素和草酰胺控释氮肥分别提高甘薯的块根生物量96.79%和103.59%,且显著高于脲甲醛和尿素结合硝化抑制剂处理(P<0.05)。在膨大期和收获期,硫包衣尿素处理的光合速率显著高于对照,有利于提高块根的生物量。(2)硫包衣尿素和草酰胺在甘薯苗期和封垄期氮素释放量较少,在甘薯膨大期和收获期释放量较多,铵态氮和硝态氮之和是脲甲醛和尿素结合硝化抑制剂的1.24~1.60倍,氮肥利用率提高了1.17~1.80倍。因此,硫包衣尿素和草酰胺较为符合甘薯生产上的一次性氮肥投入。本研究结果可为甘薯的养分管理和氮肥减施增效提供科学依据。

缓控释氮肥  /  甘薯  /  光合速率  /  矿质氮  /  氮肥利用率

Sweet potato is often base fertilized with nitrogen and no further dressing nitrogen fertilizer is needed. It is important to develop and screen slow-releasing nitrogen fertilizers that could meet the nitrogen requirements of sweet potato at different growth stages in order to promote yield and reduce nitrogen rate. A greenhouse pot experiment using variety Sushu 16 was conducted to analyze the effects of different slow-releasing nitrogen fertilizers (urea formaldehyde, sulfur-coated urea, urea formaldehyde resin, urea combined with nitrification inhibitors) on leaf photosynthesis, above-ground and underground biomass and nitrogen content, nitrogen use efficiency, and soil mineral nitrogen (nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen) content at different growth stages of sweet potato (seedling stage, vine burying stage, bulking stage, and harvest stage). Compared with the control, the sulfur-coated urea and oxamide controlled-release nitrogen fertilizers increased the biomass of sweet potato roots by 96.79% and 103.59%, respectively, significantly higher than that of the urea-formaldehyde and urea combined with nitrification inhibitor treatments (P<0.05). In addition, the photosynthesis rate of sweet potato throughout the entire growth period was significantly higher in the sulfur-coated urea treatment than that of unfertilized control, which is beneficial to improving the biomass of sweet potato roots. The nitrogen releasing of sulfur-coated urea and oxamide was less in the seedling and closure period and more in the swelling period and harvest period. The sum of ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen was 1.24-1.60 times that of urea-formaldehyde and urea combined with nitrification inhibitor, and the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate increased by 1.17-1.80 times. In conclusion, sulfur-coated urea and urea formaldehyde are more suitable for the one-time application of nitrogen fertilizer in sweet potato production. The study results could provide scientific basis for nutrient management and nitrogen fertilizer reduction and yield enhancement in sweet potato production.

slow-releasing nitrogen fertilizer  /  sweet potato  /  photosynthetic rate  /  mineral nitrogen  /  nitrogen use efficiency
许泽康, 石琨, 欧阳宇珺, 吴建燕, 马洪波, 张小贝, 汪吉东. 不同缓控释氮肥对甘薯生长、氮素吸收及利用的影响. 热带作物学报, 2025 , 46 (3) : 688 -694 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.03.016
Zekang XU, Kun SHI, Yujun OUYANG, Jianyan WU, Hongbo MA, Xiaobei ZHANG, Jidong WANG. Effects of Different Slow-releasing Nitrogen Fertilizers on Growth, Nitrogen Absorption and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Sweet Potato[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2025 , 46 (3) : 688 -694 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.03.016
甘薯(Ipomoea batatas L.)是常见的多用途作物。我国甘薯的种植面积广泛,涉及20多个省份和地区。据联合国粮食及农业组织统计,2021年我国甘薯种植总面积约2.21×106 hm2,甘薯总产量约4.78×107 t。氮是甘薯生长与产量形成的首要元素,是甘薯块根中许多有机化合物的重要组分。甘薯生长过程中氮素供应不足会导致前期植株生长矮小,后期易早衰而导致产量下降。而氮素供应过多,往往会造成茎叶徒长,光合产物向块根的运转不畅,甘薯产量下降,品质不佳。氮的吸收主要集中在甘薯生长中前期(移栽后60 d内),也是甘薯氮营养的关键期[1],由于封垄期(栽插约60 d)后由于地上部茎叶覆盖,后期无法进行追肥,故而生产上甘薯的氮肥往往是一次性基施。
传统氮肥如尿素施入土壤后会迅速转化为硝态氮和铵态氮,除部分能直接被甘薯根系吸收,部分会被土壤中的微生物转化成N2及N2O或经过雨水的淋洗流失掉,造成大量氮肥浪费和环境污染[2-4]。已有研究表明,氮肥的一次性基施往往会导致后期植薯土壤氮的供应不足,致使甘薯缺氮,造成减产[5],因此,在一次性施氮背景下,选择氮释放周期长且能与甘薯生长匹配度高的氮肥尤为重要。
缓控释氮肥能够缓慢释放氮素,可能与甘薯氮关键效率期的氮需求相匹配,从而满足作物关键生长期对氮的需求。有关缓控释肥在水稻、小麦、玉米等大宗粮食作物上的研究较多[6-8]。常见的控释肥有硫包膜尿素、草酰胺、脲甲醛以及聚氨酯包膜类[9-12],上述控释氮肥释放周期及在土壤中的释放强度不同。而通过添加硝化抑制剂的尿素,利用抑制亚硝化单胞菌的活性,从而减缓铵态氮向硝态氮转化,进而增加肥效时间。有关氮肥施用对甘薯产量影响的研究,多侧重于肥料不同用量、不同施用方式方面[13-14],而不同类型控释氮肥在甘薯上的研究较少。本研究主要以不同种类的控释氮肥作为甘薯生长所需氮素,研究缓控释氮肥对甘薯不同生育期的需氮规律及对甘薯生长的影响,以期为甘薯的养分管理和减肥增效提供科学依据。
供试土壤为黄棕壤,采自江苏省农业科学院六合动物基地,土壤基本理化性质为:pH 7.2,有机质含量为27.2 g/kg,碱解氮含量为104.6 mg/kg,有效磷含量为18.3 mg/kg,速效钾含量为135 mg/kg。供试甘薯品种为苏薯16。
试验地点位于江苏省南京市玄武区钟灵街50号江苏农业科学院本部试验基地,采用盆栽试验,试验设置5个处理:(1)N1(不施氮处理,对照);(2)N2(草酰胺处理,含氮量32.00%,6.29 g/盆);(3)N3(硫包衣尿素处理,含氮量42.00%,4.76 g/盆);(4)N4(脲甲醛处理,含氮量38.00%,5.26 g/盆);(5)N5(尿素结合硝化抑制剂处理,含2% 3,4-二甲基吡唑磷酸盐的尿素,含氮量46.44%,4.35 g/盆);所有处理均施过磷酸钙16.67 g/盆,硫酸钾6 g/盆。每个处理12次重复,随机排列。将土风干后粉碎过10目筛,每盆控根器装20 kg,肥料与土充分混合后装盆,然后植入大小、长势一致的甘薯苗1棵。
分别于苗期(施肥后30 d)、封垄期(施肥后60 d)、膨大期(施肥后90 d)、收获期(施肥后120 d)取鲜土和植株样,每个采样时期每个处理随机选取3盆。分别称重甘薯块根、茎、叶,在杀青、烘干磨样后,测氮养分含量,采用凯氏定氮法测定植株全氮含量[15]。土壤鲜样过2 mm筛后,用2 mol/L KCL浸提,采用流动分析仪测定土壤矿质氮[16]。采用叶绿素测定仪(CCM-200)测定甘薯叶片CCI值,采用LI-6800X便携式光合仪测定甘薯叶片光合速率。氮肥利用率采用以下公式计算:氮肥利用率=(施氮处理的吸氮量-无氮处理吸氮量)/施氮量×100%。
采用Microsoft Office 2010软件对数据进行处理,采用SPSS 21.00软件进行数据统计分析。利用单因素方差分析法(One-way ANOVA)对2组以上数据进行统计分析,用Duncan's法进行处理间多重比较(P<0.05)。
图1可知,甘薯苗期,各处理的地上部生物量均显著高于N1处理(P<0.05);甘薯封垄期,N3处理的地上部生物量最高,显著高于N4、N5处理(P<0.05),表明在该时期硫包衣尿素可以促进地上部生长,尿素结合硝化抑制剂和脲甲醛在该时期作用效果不明显;甘薯膨大期,各处理的地上部生物量均显著高于N1处理(P<0.05),其中N2处理最高,N3、N4、N5处理间差异不显著,表明在该时期草酰胺、硫包衣尿素、脲甲醛、硝化抑制剂对地上部生长均有显著促进作用,草酰胺作用最显著;甘薯收获期,N2、N3、N5处理的地上部生物量均显著高于N1、N4处理(P<0.05),表明在该时期尿素结合草酰胺、硫包衣尿素、硝化抑制剂有利于甘薯地上部的生长。
图2可知,甘薯苗期,N1~N5处理地下部生物量之间差异不显著;甘薯封垄期,N2、N3、N5处理的地下部生物量显著高于N1、N4处理,表明这一时期硫包衣尿素和尿素结合硝化抑制剂可以促进甘薯地下部生物量的增加,脲甲醛处理对地下部生物量的增加作用不明显;甘薯膨大期,N3处理的甘薯地下部生物量最高,达到350.42 g/株,但各控释氮肥处理间差异不显著;甘薯收获期,N3和N2处理的甘薯地下部生物量显著高于N5和N4处理,表明硫包衣尿素和草酰胺更有利于甘薯产量的增加。
图3可知,甘薯苗期,各控释氮肥处理间叶绿素含量差异不显著;甘薯封垄期,N4处理的叶绿素含量最高,达到44.20 CCI,但各控释氮肥处理间差异不显著;甘薯膨大期,N3处理叶片叶绿素含量显著高于N1,表明硫包衣尿素在膨大期能增加叶绿素含量;甘薯收获期,N3处理叶片叶绿素含量显著高于N1处理(P<0.05),表明硫包衣尿素处理在收获期仍能维持叶片较高的叶绿素含量。
图4可知,甘薯苗期,N5处理的叶片光合速率最高,各控释氮肥处理间差异不显著;甘薯封垄期,N3处理的叶片光合速率最高,显著高于N1处理,表明硫包衣尿素有利于甘薯封垄期的光合作用;甘薯膨大期,N3处理的叶片光合速率最高,显著高于N4处理(P<0.05),表明硫包衣尿素有利于甘薯封垄期的光合作用和光合产物的形成,脲甲醛处理的甘薯光合速率较弱;甘薯收获期,N3处理的叶片光合速率最高,显著高于N1处理(P<0.05),表明硫包衣尿素有利于甘薯收获期的光合产物的形成。
图5可知,甘薯苗期,地下部含氮量在整个生长周期最高,N5和N4处理的甘薯地下部含氮量显著高于N3和N2处理(P<0.05),表明该期脲甲醛、尿素结合硝化抑制剂的氮素释放量比其他处理高;甘薯封垄期,甘薯地下部含氮量相比苗期降低,各控释氮肥处理均显著高于对照,N2处理的地下部含氮量最高,表明草酰胺在该时期释放氮素较多;甘薯膨大期,N3和N4处理的甘薯地下部含氮量显著高于N1P<0.05),表明硫包衣尿素和脲甲醛在该时期释放氮素较多;甘薯收获期,甘薯地下部含氮量不降反升,N3处理的地下部含氮量最高,显著高于其他控释氮肥处理(P<0.05),表明在该时期硫包衣尿素释放氮素较多,其他控释氮肥的氮素释放量较少。
图6可知,甘薯苗期,N5处理地上部含氮量显著高于N1处理,表明尿素结合硝化抑制剂可以提高甘薯苗期的地上部氮素的累积;甘薯封垄期,N3和N4处理的甘薯地上部含氮量显著高于N1P<0.05),表明该时期硫包衣尿素和脲甲醛对甘薯地上部氮素积累起着促进作用;甘薯膨大期,N2、N3、N5处理的甘薯地上部含氮量显著高于N4处理(P<0.05),表明该时期草酰胺、硫包衣尿素、尿素结合硝化抑制剂有利于促进甘薯地上部氮素积累,脲甲醛的促进作用不大;甘薯收获期,N3处理的甘薯地上部含氮量最高,显著高于N1处理(P<0.05),表明该时期硫包衣尿素有利于促进甘薯地上部氮素积累。
图7可知,在甘薯整个生长期,土壤硝态氮含量呈下降趋势。甘薯移栽35 d,N5处理的硝态氮释放量最高;甘薯移栽35~60 d,N3处理的硝态氮释放量超过了N5处理;甘薯移栽60 d后,N2处理的硝态氮含量最高,其次为N3处理。由此可见,草酰胺和硫包衣尿素的控释效果较好。N4处理的硝态氮含量一直保持较低的水平,原因在于脲甲醛溶解性较差,其肥效太长,可达6个月至1 a,不能在甘薯4个月生育期里完全释放。
图8可知,在甘薯的整个生育期,土壤铵态氮含量呈先升高后降低再升高的趋势。甘薯移栽20~45 d,N5处理的土壤铵态氮释放量最高;甘薯移栽45~60 d,N3和N2处理的铵态氮释放量开始高于N5处理;甘薯移栽45~120 d,N2和N3处理的土壤铵态氮含量最高。表明硫包衣尿素和草酰胺有较好的控释效果,脲甲醛处理的铵态氮释放量一直较低,原因在于脲甲醛氮素释放周期太长。
表1可知,N3和N2的氮肥利用率最高,分别为42.33%和38.67%,显著高于N4和N5处理(P<0.05),表明草酰胺和硫包衣尿素处理有利于提高氮肥的利用效率。N2的根冠比最大,显著高于其他控释氮肥处理(P<0.05),N5处理的根冠比最小,表明草酰胺处理能够促进光合产物向地下分配,尿素结合硝化抑制剂抑制了光合产物向地下分配。
本研究结果表明,缓控释氮肥可以提高甘薯块根和单株干物质积累量,马洪波等[17]的研究表明,控释氮肥草酰胺比完全施用尿素可使甘薯增产28.36%。已有研究表明,包膜尿素和尿素结合硝化抑制剂氮肥可使甘薯产量分别增产3.82%和10.68%[18]。但不同控释氮肥施用对作物关键生长期光合作用及作物的增产作用不同[19]。本研究中,硫包衣尿素和草酰胺控释氮肥能够有效提高甘薯的块根生物量,优于尿素结合硝化抑制剂和脲甲醛控释氮肥的块根生物量,这可能与不同缓控释肥的养分释放特征不一有关。由于尿素结合硝化抑制剂氮素释放主要集中在甘薯生长前期,后期的氮肥供应不足,脲甲醛的氮素释放较慢,不能满足甘薯整个生育期的氮肥供应,均不利于甘薯产量的增加。
不同缓控释氮肥施用下甘薯叶片的光合性能也与产量呈类似趋势,缓控释氮肥有利于提高甘薯叶片的光合速率和叶绿素含量,与张晓冬[20]的研究结果一致,其中硫包衣尿素和草酰胺控释氮肥处理的甘薯整个生育期光合速率最高,且草酰胺的根冠比最大,显著高于其他控释氮肥处理,表明草酰胺能够促进甘薯光合产物向地下分配,从而提高甘薯产量。
甘薯不同生育时期的氮吸收量和强度不同。宁运旺等[1]在甘薯的氮、磷、钾养分吸收及分配特性的研究中发现,移栽后60~75 d是甘薯源-库转换的关键时期,这一时期甘薯吸收的氮素超过整个生育期总氮量的1/2,即第3个月膨大期是甘薯吸收氮的最高峰。李红光[21]的研究表明,施用包裹性控释氮肥的土壤碱解氮含量在苗期至封垄期和普通氮肥处理相比较少,这是由于控释氮肥在此期间释放了少量氮素,与甘薯在此阶段的需氮量少的规律相吻合,而普通氮肥氮释放较为迅速,肥效往往40~50 d,不能满足甘薯膨大期对氮的大量吸收需求,往往导致甘薯生长后期脱氮[22]。而缓控释肥氮释放周期可高达60 d以上,高者达到120 d,因此能满足甘薯膨大期氮的吸收量和强度需求。
与尿素结合硝化抑制剂和脲甲醛相比,硫包衣尿素和草酰胺的氮素释放特征为甘薯苗期和封垄期氮素释放量较少,膨大期和收获期释放量较多,避免了因前期氮素供应多导致地上部徒长、以及中后期氮素供应不足的问题,完全符合甘薯的氮肥需求规律,提高了甘薯膨大期和收获期地下部对氮素的吸收,并提高了叶绿素的含量和光合速率,促进了甘薯光合产物向地下部运输,产量提高了1.27~1.59倍,氮肥利用率提高了1.17~1.80倍。因此,硫包衣尿素和草酰胺为较适合甘薯生长的缓控释氮肥。
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2025年第46卷第3期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.03.016
  • 接收时间:2023-10-12
  • 首发时间:2026-06-25
  • 出版时间:2025-03-25
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  • 收稿日期:2023-10-12
  • 录用日期:2024-09-23
基金
海南省重点研发计划项目(ZDYF2020226)
财政部农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-10-GW10; CARS-10-GW2)
作者信息
    1.海南大学热带农林学院,海南海口 570228
    2.江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境所/农业农村部江苏耕地保育科学观测实验站,江苏南京 210014
    3.烟台泓源生物肥料有限公司,山东烟台 264003
    4.荆门(中国农谷)农业科学研究院,湖北荆门 448000

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* 汪吉东(WANG Jidong),E-mail:
张小贝(ZHANG Xiaobei),E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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