Article(id=1276862131312136297, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276862113658303045, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.03.009, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1722268800000, receivedDateStr=2024-07-30, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1733155200000, acceptedDateStr=2024-12-03, onlineDate=1782357255055, onlineDateStr=2026-06-25, pubDate=1742832000000, pubDateStr=2025-03-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1782357255055, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-25, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1782357255055, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1782357255055, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1276862113658303045, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, year='2025', volume='46', issue='3', pageStart='515', pageEnd='775', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1742832000000', pubDateStr='2025-03-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1782357250847, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782357480466, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1276863076821496476, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276862113658303045, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1276863076825690781, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276862113658303045, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=597, endPage=610, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1276862135548383340, articleId=1276862131312136297, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=EN, title=Morphological Diversity and Variation Analysis of Lotus Fruits from Different Sources, columnId=1236256430060261740, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, columnName=Germplasm Resources, Genetics & Breeding, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To understand the morphological diversity and degree of variation in lotus fruits from various sources, 81 dried mature lotus fruits were collected from different locations (including 59 wild populations, 15 cultivated populations, and 7 lotus cultivars) for morphometric measurements and systematic clustering analysis. There was substantial morphological variation among 81 accessions of lotus fruits. The longitudinal diameter ranged from 12.03 mm to 19.58 mm, the transverse diameter varied from 7.93 mm to 15.72 mm, the aspect ratio spanned from 1.01 to 1.97, and single grain weight fluctuated from 0.41 mm to 2.26 g. The morphology of lotus fruits from different sources was different. The average longitudinal diameter, transverse diameter, longitudinal/transverse diameter ratio, and grain weight of American lotus fruits was 13.97 mm, 11.98 mm, 1.17 and 1.13 g, respectively. For wild Asian lotus fruits, the values was 16.52 mm, 10.51 mm, 1.58 and 0.98 g, respectively. For the 15 cultivated Asian lotus populations, the average values was 15.81 mm, 11.18 mm, 1.42 and 1.07 g, respectively. For the 7 fruit lotus varieties, the average values was 16.71 mm, 13.20 mm, 1.27 and 1.53 g, respectively. The correlation analysis showed that the single fruit weight of lotus fruit was positively correlated with the longitudinal diameter and transverse diameter (P<0.05), and negatively correlated with the ratio of transverse diameter (P<0.05), but there were differences among different population sources. There was no significant correlation between longitude and latitude and morphological indexes of lotus fruits. The longitude was positively correlated with the ratio of longitudinal diameter and longitudinal diameter (P<0.01), but negatively correlated with transverse diameter and single grain weight (P<0.01). There was a significant positive correlation between latitude and longitudinal diameter (P<0.05), a very significantly positive correlation between latitude and longitudinal diameter ratio (P<0.01), a significantly negative correlation between latitude and transverse diameter (P<0.05), and a negative correlation between latitude and single grain weight (P<0.05). Systematic cluster analysis showed that 59 populations of wild lotus fruits could be divided into 2-5 branches. All lotus fruits of American lotus and the Chiang Mai population of Thai lotus formed the first cluster, and the remaining Asian lotus formed the second cluster. Morphological traits of lotus fruits varied across the different years of collection. The results would provide scientific basis for lotus resource conservation, auxiliary identification, germplasm innovation and lotus fruit production.

, authors=null, authorsList=Jialin LUO, Yangyang FU, Qingqing LIU, Yannong WU, Wenli ZHANG, Fujun ZHENG, Fan YANG, Jian WANG, Daike TIAN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Jian WANG, Daike TIAN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1276862172911243388, articleId=1276862131312136297, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=CN, title=不同资源的莲子形态多样性及其变异分析, columnId=1236256430219645304, journalTitle=热带作物学报, columnName=种质资源与遗传育种, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为了解不同资源的莲子形态多样性及变异程度,以81份来自不同地点的成熟干莲子(包括59个野生居群,15个栽培居群,7个子莲品种)为材料进行形态学测量分析和系统聚类分析。结果表明:(1)81份莲子资源形态变异幅度大。其中纵径变化幅度为12.03~19.58 mm,横径变化幅度为7.93~15.72 mm,纵横径比变化幅度为1.01~1.97,单粒重变化幅度为0.41~2.26 g。(2)不同来源的莲子形态存在差异。美洲莲莲子平均纵径、横径、纵横径比与单粒重分别为13.97 mm、11.98 mm、1.17、1.13 g;野生(型)亚洲莲莲子平均纵径、横径、纵横径比与单粒重分别为16.52 mm、10.51 mm、1.58、0.98 g;15个栽培亚洲莲居群平均纵径、横径、纵横径比与单粒重分别为15.81 mm、11.18 mm、1.42、1.07 g;7个子莲品种平均纵径、横径、纵横径比与单粒重分别为16.71 mm、13.20 mm、1.27、1.53 g。(3)相关性分析表明,莲子单粒重与纵径、横径呈显著正相关(P<0.05),与纵横径比呈显著负相关(P<0.05),但不同居群来源存在差异。经纬度与美洲莲莲子形态指标相关性均不显著;经度与亚洲莲莲子纵径和纵横径比呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),与横径和单粒重呈负相关,但相关性不显著;纬度与亚洲莲莲子纵径呈显著正相关(P<0.05),与纵横径比呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),与横径呈显著负相关(P<0.05),与单粒重呈负相关,但相关性不显著。(4)莲子形态的系统聚类分析表明,59份野生莲莲子材料可分为2~5个分支。所有的美洲莲和泰国清迈居群莲子聚为一类,剩余的亚洲莲聚为一类。(5)不同年份采摘的莲子形态指标存在差异。研究结果为莲资源保护和辅助鉴定、种质创新、莲子生产等提供科学依据。

, authors=

罗佳琳(1999—),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:风景园林植物与应用。

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* 王健(WANG Jian),E-mail:
田代科(TIAN Daike),E-mail:
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2.Chenshan Research Center, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences / Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai 201602, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1276862184571408531, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276862131312136297, authorId=1276862181253714059, language=CN, stringName=罗佳琳, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1.热带特色林木花卉遗传与种质创新教育部重点实验室/海南省热带特色花木资源生物学重点实验室/海南大学热带农林学院,海南海口 570228
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罗佳琳(1999—),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:风景园林植物与应用。

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罗佳琳(1999—),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:风景园林植物与应用。

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*表示显著相关(P<0.05);**表示极显著相关(P<0.01)。1~5为美洲莲;6~81为亚洲莲。

, figureFileSmall=bL+10Qr3X/NdERkAdYw9aQ==, figureFileBig=v3wb/MZvJilKsRB9Ndtb2w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276862209770787020, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276862131312136297, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Clustering analysis of lotus fruits from 59 wild populations, figureFileSmall=NZZIOmdgzsWd4yyHaQzbOA==, figureFileBig=9YzoSU0MKV07OeBZl/6pbA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276862209858867405, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276862131312136297, language=CN, label=图4, caption=59个野生居群莲子聚类分析, figureFileSmall=NZZIOmdgzsWd4yyHaQzbOA==, figureFileBig=9YzoSU0MKV07OeBZl/6pbA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276862211540783310, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276862131312136297, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Lotus fruits morphology among three populations in different years, figureFileSmall=8K5Wa1gfd4DkrA737vklFQ==, figureFileBig=Tw57/7fqnJ4aUTVKgLAaBg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276862211607892175, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276862131312136297, language=CN, label=图5, caption=3个居群不同年份莲子形态, figureFileSmall=8K5Wa1gfd4DkrA737vklFQ==, figureFileBig=Tw57/7fqnJ4aUTVKgLAaBg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276862211880521936, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276862131312136297, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Collection information of lotus fruits

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号No.居群/品种Population/Cultivar类型Type采集地点Collection site编号No.居群/品种Population/Cultivar类型Type采集地点Collection site
1USAAL野生美国阿拉巴马42HBSS野生中国湖北石首
2USAFL野生美国佛罗里达43HBTSS野生中国湖北团山寺
3USAMD野生美国马里兰44HBDZ-1野生中国湖北大治1
4USAMO野生美国密苏里45HBDZ-2野生中国湖北大治2
5CANON野生加拿大安大略46HBXT栽培中国湖北仙桃
6YNBW栽培越南巴维47HNYY-1野生中国湖南岳阳1
7YNSH栽培越南顺化48HNYY-2野生中国湖南岳阳2
8YNXL栽培越南仙侣49HNYY-3野生中国湖南岳阳3
9TGQM野生泰国清迈50HNLS野生中国湖南龙山
10HLJDJ野生中国黑龙江东极51HNXY野生中国河南信阳
11HLJDQ野生中国黑龙江大庆52HNQX古代莲中国河南杞县
12HLJFZ野生中国黑龙江方正53SDWSH野生中国山东微山湖
13HLJJMS-1野生中国黑龙江佳木斯154JSGYH野生中国江苏高邮湖
14HLJJMS-2野生中国黑龙江佳木斯255JSHZH-1野生中国江苏洪泽湖1
15HLJRH野生中国黑龙江饶河56JSHZH-2野生中国江苏洪泽湖2
16HLJSC野生中国黑龙江双城57JSHZH-3野生中国江苏洪泽湖3
17HLJTJ野生中国黑龙江同江58JSHZH-4野生中国江苏洪泽湖4
18HLJWC野生中国黑龙江五常59JSTH-1野生中国江苏太湖1
19HLJXK野生中国黑龙江逊克60JSTH-2野生中国江苏太湖2
20JLCC野生中国吉林长春61JSTH-3野生中国江苏太湖3
21JLSL野生中国吉林舒兰62AHGYH野生中国安徽高邮湖
22LNDL-1古代莲中国辽宁大连163AHMAS野生中国安徽马鞍山
23LNDL-2古代莲中国辽宁大连264AHTL野生中国安徽铜陵
24LNDL-3古代莲中国辽宁大连365AHWJ野生中国安徽望江
25LNZW野生中国辽宁彰武66JXPYH-1野生中国江西鄱阳湖1
26LNTL野生中国辽宁铁岭67JXPYH-2野生中国江西鄱阳湖2
27LNPJ栽培中国辽宁盘锦68JXPYH-3栽培中国江西鄱阳湖3
28BJYHY-1栽培中国北京颐和园169FJSM野生中国福建三明
29BJYHY-2栽培中国北京颐和园270CQDZ栽培中国重庆大足
30BJYMY-1栽培中国北京圆明园171CQTL栽培中国重庆铜梁
31BJYMY-2栽培中国北京圆明园272SCST野生中国四川三台
32BJZWGY栽培中国北京中坞公园73GDSZ野生中国广东深圳
33BJBWGY栽培中国北京北坞公园74GDGZ栽培中国广东广州
34HBBYD-1野生中国河北白洋淀175JX17子莲品种中国福建建宁
35HBBYD-2野生中国河北白洋淀276FJJN子莲品种中国福建建宁
36HBBD野生中国河北保定77ZSHY子莲品种中国广东中山
37HBHJ野生中国河北河间78GXSJ子莲品种中国广西三江
38HBHH-1野生中国湖北洪湖179HNXT子莲品种中国湖南湘潭
39HBHH-2野生中国湖北洪湖280HBWH子莲品种中国湖北武汉
40HBLZH-1野生中国湖北梁子湖181TK36子莲品种中国浙江龙游
41HBLZH-2野生中国湖北梁子湖2
), ArticleFig(id=1276862211956019409, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276862131312136297, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

莲子采集信息

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号No.居群/品种Population/Cultivar类型Type采集地点Collection site编号No.居群/品种Population/Cultivar类型Type采集地点Collection site
1USAAL野生美国阿拉巴马42HBSS野生中国湖北石首
2USAFL野生美国佛罗里达43HBTSS野生中国湖北团山寺
3USAMD野生美国马里兰44HBDZ-1野生中国湖北大治1
4USAMO野生美国密苏里45HBDZ-2野生中国湖北大治2
5CANON野生加拿大安大略46HBXT栽培中国湖北仙桃
6YNBW栽培越南巴维47HNYY-1野生中国湖南岳阳1
7YNSH栽培越南顺化48HNYY-2野生中国湖南岳阳2
8YNXL栽培越南仙侣49HNYY-3野生中国湖南岳阳3
9TGQM野生泰国清迈50HNLS野生中国湖南龙山
10HLJDJ野生中国黑龙江东极51HNXY野生中国河南信阳
11HLJDQ野生中国黑龙江大庆52HNQX古代莲中国河南杞县
12HLJFZ野生中国黑龙江方正53SDWSH野生中国山东微山湖
13HLJJMS-1野生中国黑龙江佳木斯154JSGYH野生中国江苏高邮湖
14HLJJMS-2野生中国黑龙江佳木斯255JSHZH-1野生中国江苏洪泽湖1
15HLJRH野生中国黑龙江饶河56JSHZH-2野生中国江苏洪泽湖2
16HLJSC野生中国黑龙江双城57JSHZH-3野生中国江苏洪泽湖3
17HLJTJ野生中国黑龙江同江58JSHZH-4野生中国江苏洪泽湖4
18HLJWC野生中国黑龙江五常59JSTH-1野生中国江苏太湖1
19HLJXK野生中国黑龙江逊克60JSTH-2野生中国江苏太湖2
20JLCC野生中国吉林长春61JSTH-3野生中国江苏太湖3
21JLSL野生中国吉林舒兰62AHGYH野生中国安徽高邮湖
22LNDL-1古代莲中国辽宁大连163AHMAS野生中国安徽马鞍山
23LNDL-2古代莲中国辽宁大连264AHTL野生中国安徽铜陵
24LNDL-3古代莲中国辽宁大连365AHWJ野生中国安徽望江
25LNZW野生中国辽宁彰武66JXPYH-1野生中国江西鄱阳湖1
26LNTL野生中国辽宁铁岭67JXPYH-2野生中国江西鄱阳湖2
27LNPJ栽培中国辽宁盘锦68JXPYH-3栽培中国江西鄱阳湖3
28BJYHY-1栽培中国北京颐和园169FJSM野生中国福建三明
29BJYHY-2栽培中国北京颐和园270CQDZ栽培中国重庆大足
30BJYMY-1栽培中国北京圆明园171CQTL栽培中国重庆铜梁
31BJYMY-2栽培中国北京圆明园272SCST野生中国四川三台
32BJZWGY栽培中国北京中坞公园73GDSZ野生中国广东深圳
33BJBWGY栽培中国北京北坞公园74GDGZ栽培中国广东广州
34HBBYD-1野生中国河北白洋淀175JX17子莲品种中国福建建宁
35HBBYD-2野生中国河北白洋淀276FJJN子莲品种中国福建建宁
36HBBD野生中国河北保定77ZSHY子莲品种中国广东中山
37HBHJ野生中国河北河间78GXSJ子莲品种中国广西三江
38HBHH-1野生中国湖北洪湖179HNXT子莲品种中国湖南湘潭
39HBHH-2野生中国湖北洪湖280HBWH子莲品种中国湖北武汉
40HBLZH-1野生中国湖北梁子湖181TK36子莲品种中国浙江龙游
41HBLZH-2野生中国湖北梁子湖2
), ArticleFig(id=1276862212228649170, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276862131312136297, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Morphological differences of American lotus fruits from different locations

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
来源Source居群Population粒数Number纵径Longitudinal diameter横径Transverse
均值Mean/mm最小值Min/mm最大值Max/mm变异系数CV/%均值Mean/mm最小值Min/mm最大值Ma/mm x变异系数CV/%
美国USAAL4913.18±0.42c12.1913.983.1511.45±0.29c10.8011.992.55
USAFL4414.48±0.40b13.6715.322.7611.91±0.74b10.5313.286.18
USAMD4614.52±0.45b13.7415.443.1212.17±0.45b11.4213.093.69
USAMO4113.19±0.40c12.0313.803.0312.09±0.38b11.2412.923.13
加拿大CANON1815.21±0.50a14.2916.003.2912.80±0.39a11.7913.343.07
均值13.97±0.853.0711.98±0.613.72
来源Source居群Population粒数Number纵横径比L-T ratio单粒重Weight per grain
均值Mean最小值Min最大值Max变异系数CV/%均值Mean/g最小值Min/g最大值Max/g变异系数CV/%
美国USAAL491.15±0.05b1.071.263.921.01±0.06b0.871.145.99
USAFL441.22±0.07a1.101.375.571.18±0.17a0.901.4014.43
USAMD461.19±0.05a1.091.334.171.18±0.10a1.021.428.72
USAMO411.09±0.04c1.011.193.301.13±0.10a0.981.378.58
加拿大CANON181.19±0.04ab1.121.243.511.21±0.08a1.071.366.73
均值1.17±0.074.091.13±0.038.89
), ArticleFig(id=1276862212304146643, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276862131312136297, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同地点美洲莲的莲子形态差异

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
来源Source居群Population粒数Number纵径Longitudinal diameter横径Transverse
均值Mean/mm最小值Min/mm最大值Max/mm变异系数CV/%均值Mean/mm最小值Min/mm最大值Ma/mm x变异系数CV/%
美国USAAL4913.18±0.42c12.1913.983.1511.45±0.29c10.8011.992.55
USAFL4414.48±0.40b13.6715.322.7611.91±0.74b10.5313.286.18
USAMD4614.52±0.45b13.7415.443.1212.17±0.45b11.4213.093.69
USAMO4113.19±0.40c12.0313.803.0312.09±0.38b11.2412.923.13
加拿大CANON1815.21±0.50a14.2916.003.2912.80±0.39a11.7913.343.07
均值13.97±0.853.0711.98±0.613.72
来源Source居群Population粒数Number纵横径比L-T ratio单粒重Weight per grain
均值Mean最小值Min最大值Max变异系数CV/%均值Mean/g最小值Min/g最大值Max/g变异系数CV/%
美国USAAL491.15±0.05b1.071.263.921.01±0.06b0.871.145.99
USAFL441.22±0.07a1.101.375.571.18±0.17a0.901.4014.43
USAMD461.19±0.05a1.091.334.171.18±0.10a1.021.428.72
USAMO411.09±0.04c1.011.193.301.13±0.10a0.981.378.58
加拿大CANON181.19±0.04ab1.121.243.511.21±0.08a1.071.366.73
均值1.17±0.074.091.13±0.038.89
), ArticleFig(id=1276862212388032724, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276862131312136297, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

Morphological differences of Asian wild lotus fruits from different locations

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
), ArticleFig(id=1276862212442558677, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276862131312136297, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同地点亚洲野生(型)莲的莲子形态差异

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
), ArticleFig(id=1276862212509667542, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276862131312136297, language=EN, label=Tab. 4, caption=

Morphological differences of cultivated Asian wild lotus fruits from different locations

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
来源Source居群Population粒数Number纵径Longitudinal diameter横径Transverse
均值Mean/mm最小值Min/mm最大值Max/mm变异系数CV/%均值Mean/mm最小值Min/mm最大值Max/mm变异系数CV/%
越南YNBW4915.65±0.57de14.1416.963.6511.66±0.45c10.6112.733.87
YNSH3214.52±0.61f13.2815.574.1810.77±0.54ef9.7811.825.02
YNXL5013.65±0.54g12.5714.973.9211.13±0.51de10.0514.974.60
中国LNPJ4815.68±0.59de14.1517.233.7610.74±0.70f9.3112.366.53
BJYHY 11016.53±0.80abc15.1817.734.8710.90±0.30def10.4311.492.77
BJYHY 22917.04±0.49a16.1517.912.8910.84±0.42ef10.0011.763.85
BJYMY 11017.07±0.52ab16.3818.373.0610.69±0.57efg10.0511.915.37
BJYMY 22916.46±0.61bc14.9917.523.7010.08±0.52g9.1111.215.15
BJZWGY3016.33±0.85bc14.0517.375.2210.69±0.44f9.8411.784.12
BJBWGY2815.97±0.80cd14.3217.795.0411.91±0.78c10.3313.016.59
HBXT1515.17±0.41ef14.4515.822.7212.65±0.62b11.7513.744.90
JXPYH-31416.44±0.52abc15.6817.693.1513.44±0.45a12.9514.653.37
CQDZ1516.88±0.36ab16.1117.662.1411.47±0.28cd10.8911.992.40
CQTL5017.07±0.78a15.6418.834.5711.68±0.64c10.3813.365.45
GDGZ4915.59±0.67de14.4717.174.2810.62±0.57f9.1011.695.33
均值15.81±1.213.8111.18±0.894.62
来源Source居群Population粒数Number纵横径比L-T ratio单粒重Weight per grain
均值Mean最小值Min最大值Max变异系数CV/%均值Mean/g最小值Min/g最大值Max/g变异系数CV/%
越南YNBW491.34±0.06e1.221.464.201.16±0.11bcd0.941.369.61
YNSH321.35±0.07e1.201.525.280.83±0.08g0.640.959.85
YNXL501.23±0.54f1.111.354.300.94±0.10f0.771.1611.05
中国LNPJ481.46±0.09d1.311.666.080.99±0.11ef0.801.2411.26
BJYHY 1101.52±0.10bcd1.381.696.821.12±0.06bcde1.051.225.61
BJYHY 2291.57±0.06ab1.451.743.931.13±0.11bcd0.971.309.87
BJYMY 1101.60±0.07ab1.451.684.491.07±0.15cdef0.921.4513.90
BJYMY 2291.64±0.10a1.421.875.940.93±0.09fg0.761.2010.17
BJZWGY301.53±0.06bc1.411.643.951.09±0.13d0.781.2911.55
BJBWGY281.35±0.14e1.191.6810.251.22±0.16bc0.911.4613.13
HBXT151.20±0.04f1.121.253.291.24±0.12b1.091.519.91
JXPYH-3141.22±0.04f1.161.272.981.49±0.10a1.371.766.84
CQDZ151.47±0.03cd1.421.522.201.16±0.08bcd0.991.317.30
CQTL501.46±0.06d1.371.594.011.15±0.14bcd0.911.4512.07
GDGZ491.47±0.07cd1.341.654.740.99±0.14ef0.751.2613.85
均值1.42±0.414.831.07±0.1810.40
), ArticleFig(id=1276862212589359319, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276862131312136297, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同地点栽培亚洲莲的莲子形态差异

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
来源Source居群Population粒数Number纵径Longitudinal diameter横径Transverse
均值Mean/mm最小值Min/mm最大值Max/mm变异系数CV/%均值Mean/mm最小值Min/mm最大值Max/mm变异系数CV/%
越南YNBW4915.65±0.57de14.1416.963.6511.66±0.45c10.6112.733.87
YNSH3214.52±0.61f13.2815.574.1810.77±0.54ef9.7811.825.02
YNXL5013.65±0.54g12.5714.973.9211.13±0.51de10.0514.974.60
中国LNPJ4815.68±0.59de14.1517.233.7610.74±0.70f9.3112.366.53
BJYHY 11016.53±0.80abc15.1817.734.8710.90±0.30def10.4311.492.77
BJYHY 22917.04±0.49a16.1517.912.8910.84±0.42ef10.0011.763.85
BJYMY 11017.07±0.52ab16.3818.373.0610.69±0.57efg10.0511.915.37
BJYMY 22916.46±0.61bc14.9917.523.7010.08±0.52g9.1111.215.15
BJZWGY3016.33±0.85bc14.0517.375.2210.69±0.44f9.8411.784.12
BJBWGY2815.97±0.80cd14.3217.795.0411.91±0.78c10.3313.016.59
HBXT1515.17±0.41ef14.4515.822.7212.65±0.62b11.7513.744.90
JXPYH-31416.44±0.52abc15.6817.693.1513.44±0.45a12.9514.653.37
CQDZ1516.88±0.36ab16.1117.662.1411.47±0.28cd10.8911.992.40
CQTL5017.07±0.78a15.6418.834.5711.68±0.64c10.3813.365.45
GDGZ4915.59±0.67de14.4717.174.2810.62±0.57f9.1011.695.33
均值15.81±1.213.8111.18±0.894.62
来源Source居群Population粒数Number纵横径比L-T ratio单粒重Weight per grain
均值Mean最小值Min最大值Max变异系数CV/%均值Mean/g最小值Min/g最大值Max/g变异系数CV/%
越南YNBW491.34±0.06e1.221.464.201.16±0.11bcd0.941.369.61
YNSH321.35±0.07e1.201.525.280.83±0.08g0.640.959.85
YNXL501.23±0.54f1.111.354.300.94±0.10f0.771.1611.05
中国LNPJ481.46±0.09d1.311.666.080.99±0.11ef0.801.2411.26
BJYHY 1101.52±0.10bcd1.381.696.821.12±0.06bcde1.051.225.61
BJYHY 2291.57±0.06ab1.451.743.931.13±0.11bcd0.971.309.87
BJYMY 1101.60±0.07ab1.451.684.491.07±0.15cdef0.921.4513.90
BJYMY 2291.64±0.10a1.421.875.940.93±0.09fg0.761.2010.17
BJZWGY301.53±0.06bc1.411.643.951.09±0.13d0.781.2911.55
BJBWGY281.35±0.14e1.191.6810.251.22±0.16bc0.911.4613.13
HBXT151.20±0.04f1.121.253.291.24±0.12b1.091.519.91
JXPYH-3141.22±0.04f1.161.272.981.49±0.10a1.371.766.84
CQDZ151.47±0.03cd1.421.522.201.16±0.08bcd0.991.317.30
CQTL501.46±0.06d1.371.594.011.15±0.14bcd0.911.4512.07
GDGZ491.47±0.07cd1.341.654.740.99±0.14ef0.751.2613.85
均值1.42±0.414.831.07±0.1810.40
), ArticleFig(id=1276862212652273880, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276862131312136297, language=EN, label=Tab. 5, caption=

Morphological difference of lotus fruits from different cultivars

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
来源Source居群Population粒数Number纵径Longitudinal diameter横径Transverse
均值Mean/mm最小值Min/mm最大值Max/mm变异系数CV/%均值Mean/mm最小值Min/mm最大值Max/mm变异系数CV/%
子莲JX172017.93±0.50a17.1319.102.8014.57±0.04ab13.9515.181.96
FJJN2017.66±0.83ab16.3819.584.6914.84±0.30a14.4115.422.02
ZSHY9215.95±0.59e12.7417.173.7111.78±0.50e10.6612.894.28
GXSJ9817.08±0.65c15.5518.383.8113.89±0.69c12.2715.725.00
HNXT1816.60±0.80cd14.8117.984.8213.67±0.68c12.5414.644.94
HBWH1517.09±0.61bc16.1318.023.5514.00±0.56bc12.4314.783.99
TK362816.24±0.97de14.9217.976.0012.54±0.59d11.4113.804.73
均值16.71±0.944.2013.20±1.243.85
来源Source居群Population粒数Number纵横径比L-T ratio单粒重Weight per grain
均值Mean最小值Min最大值Max变异系数CV/%均值Mean/g最小值Min/g最大值Max/g变异系数CV/%
子莲JX17201.23±0.04cd1.171.303.081.99±0.09a1.822.174.33
FJJN201.19±0.06d1.101.354.871.86±0.16ab1.552.218.62
ZSHY921.36±0.07a1.101.554.961.18±0.10e1.001.398.62
GXSJ981.23±0.04c1.131.363.501.70±0.19c1.282.2611.28
HNXT181.21±0.04cd1.141.303.611.58±0.23c1.242.0114.73
HBWH151.22±0.04cd1.171.302.961.75±0.17bc1.391.999.88
TK36281.30±0.50b1.211.423.551.37±0.29d1.011.8921.46
均值1.27±0.083.791.53±0.3311.27
), ArticleFig(id=1276862212740354265, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276862131312136297, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

不同子莲品种的莲子形态差异

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
来源Source居群Population粒数Number纵径Longitudinal diameter横径Transverse
均值Mean/mm最小值Min/mm最大值Max/mm变异系数CV/%均值Mean/mm最小值Min/mm最大值Max/mm变异系数CV/%
子莲JX172017.93±0.50a17.1319.102.8014.57±0.04ab13.9515.181.96
FJJN2017.66±0.83ab16.3819.584.6914.84±0.30a14.4115.422.02
ZSHY9215.95±0.59e12.7417.173.7111.78±0.50e10.6612.894.28
GXSJ9817.08±0.65c15.5518.383.8113.89±0.69c12.2715.725.00
HNXT1816.60±0.80cd14.8117.984.8213.67±0.68c12.5414.644.94
HBWH1517.09±0.61bc16.1318.023.5514.00±0.56bc12.4314.783.99
TK362816.24±0.97de14.9217.976.0012.54±0.59d11.4113.804.73
均值16.71±0.944.2013.20±1.243.85
来源Source居群Population粒数Number纵横径比L-T ratio单粒重Weight per grain
均值Mean最小值Min最大值Max变异系数CV/%均值Mean/g最小值Min/g最大值Max/g变异系数CV/%
子莲JX17201.23±0.04cd1.171.303.081.99±0.09a1.822.174.33
FJJN201.19±0.06d1.101.354.871.86±0.16ab1.552.218.62
ZSHY921.36±0.07a1.101.554.961.18±0.10e1.001.398.62
GXSJ981.23±0.04c1.131.363.501.70±0.19c1.282.2611.28
HNXT181.21±0.04cd1.141.303.611.58±0.23c1.242.0114.73
HBWH151.22±0.04cd1.171.302.961.75±0.17bc1.391.999.88
TK36281.30±0.50b1.211.423.551.37±0.29d1.011.8921.46
均值1.27±0.083.791.53±0.3311.27
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Correlation between the morphological traits of wild lotus seeds and latitude and longitude

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来源Source性状Character纵径Longitudinal diameter横径Transverse diameter纵横径比L-T ratio单粒重Weight per grain
美洲莲经度-0.603-0.093-0.805-0.420
纬度0.5180.864-0.0660.462
亚洲莲经度0.380**-0.2240.410**-0.092
纬度0.274*-0.295*0.420**-0.126
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野生莲的莲子形态性状与经纬度的相关性

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来源Source性状Character纵径Longitudinal diameter横径Transverse diameter纵横径比L-T ratio单粒重Weight per grain
美洲莲经度-0.603-0.093-0.805-0.420
纬度0.5180.864-0.0660.462
亚洲莲经度0.380**-0.2240.410**-0.092
纬度0.274*-0.295*0.420**-0.126
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不同资源的莲子形态多样性及其变异分析
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罗佳琳 1, 2 , 傅阳阳 2 , 刘青青 2 , 吴砚农 2 , 张文丽 3 , 郑福军 3 , 杨帆 3 , 王健 1, * , 田代科 2, *
热带作物学报 | 种质资源与遗传育种 2025,46(3): 597-610
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热带作物学报 |种质资源与遗传育种 2025 , 46 (3) : 597 -610
不同资源的莲子形态多样性及其变异分析
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罗佳琳1, 2, 傅阳阳2, 刘青青2, 吴砚农2, 张文丽3, 郑福军3, 杨帆3, 王健1, * , 田代科2, *
作者信息
  • 1.热带特色林木花卉遗传与种质创新教育部重点实验室/海南省热带特色花木资源生物学重点实验室/海南大学热带农林学院,海南海口 570228
  • 2.中国科学院分子植物科学卓越创新中心辰山科研中心/上海辰山植物园,上海 201602
  • 3.西双版纳宝翠香莲生物科技有限公司,云南勐海 666212
通讯作者:
* 王健(WANG Jian),E-mail:
田代科(TIAN Daike),E-mail:
Morphological Diversity and Variation Analysis of Lotus Fruits from Different Sources
Jialin LUO1, 2, Yangyang FU2, Qingqing LIU2, Yannong WU2, Wenli ZHANG3, Fujun ZHENG3, Fan YANG3, Jian WANG1, * , Daike TIAN2, *
Affiliations
  • 1.Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education / Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources Biology of Tropical Special Ornamental Plants of Hainan / College of Tropical Agriculuture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
  • 2.Chenshan Research Center, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences / Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai 201602, China
  • 3.Xishuangbanna Baocui Xianglian Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Menghai, Yunnan 666212, China
出版时间: 2025-03-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.03.009
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为了解不同资源的莲子形态多样性及变异程度,以81份来自不同地点的成熟干莲子(包括59个野生居群,15个栽培居群,7个子莲品种)为材料进行形态学测量分析和系统聚类分析。结果表明:(1)81份莲子资源形态变异幅度大。其中纵径变化幅度为12.03~19.58 mm,横径变化幅度为7.93~15.72 mm,纵横径比变化幅度为1.01~1.97,单粒重变化幅度为0.41~2.26 g。(2)不同来源的莲子形态存在差异。美洲莲莲子平均纵径、横径、纵横径比与单粒重分别为13.97 mm、11.98 mm、1.17、1.13 g;野生(型)亚洲莲莲子平均纵径、横径、纵横径比与单粒重分别为16.52 mm、10.51 mm、1.58、0.98 g;15个栽培亚洲莲居群平均纵径、横径、纵横径比与单粒重分别为15.81 mm、11.18 mm、1.42、1.07 g;7个子莲品种平均纵径、横径、纵横径比与单粒重分别为16.71 mm、13.20 mm、1.27、1.53 g。(3)相关性分析表明,莲子单粒重与纵径、横径呈显著正相关(P<0.05),与纵横径比呈显著负相关(P<0.05),但不同居群来源存在差异。经纬度与美洲莲莲子形态指标相关性均不显著;经度与亚洲莲莲子纵径和纵横径比呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),与横径和单粒重呈负相关,但相关性不显著;纬度与亚洲莲莲子纵径呈显著正相关(P<0.05),与纵横径比呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),与横径呈显著负相关(P<0.05),与单粒重呈负相关,但相关性不显著。(4)莲子形态的系统聚类分析表明,59份野生莲莲子材料可分为2~5个分支。所有的美洲莲和泰国清迈居群莲子聚为一类,剩余的亚洲莲聚为一类。(5)不同年份采摘的莲子形态指标存在差异。研究结果为莲资源保护和辅助鉴定、种质创新、莲子生产等提供科学依据。

莲子  /  种质资源  /  形态性状  /  变异

To understand the morphological diversity and degree of variation in lotus fruits from various sources, 81 dried mature lotus fruits were collected from different locations (including 59 wild populations, 15 cultivated populations, and 7 lotus cultivars) for morphometric measurements and systematic clustering analysis. There was substantial morphological variation among 81 accessions of lotus fruits. The longitudinal diameter ranged from 12.03 mm to 19.58 mm, the transverse diameter varied from 7.93 mm to 15.72 mm, the aspect ratio spanned from 1.01 to 1.97, and single grain weight fluctuated from 0.41 mm to 2.26 g. The morphology of lotus fruits from different sources was different. The average longitudinal diameter, transverse diameter, longitudinal/transverse diameter ratio, and grain weight of American lotus fruits was 13.97 mm, 11.98 mm, 1.17 and 1.13 g, respectively. For wild Asian lotus fruits, the values was 16.52 mm, 10.51 mm, 1.58 and 0.98 g, respectively. For the 15 cultivated Asian lotus populations, the average values was 15.81 mm, 11.18 mm, 1.42 and 1.07 g, respectively. For the 7 fruit lotus varieties, the average values was 16.71 mm, 13.20 mm, 1.27 and 1.53 g, respectively. The correlation analysis showed that the single fruit weight of lotus fruit was positively correlated with the longitudinal diameter and transverse diameter (P<0.05), and negatively correlated with the ratio of transverse diameter (P<0.05), but there were differences among different population sources. There was no significant correlation between longitude and latitude and morphological indexes of lotus fruits. The longitude was positively correlated with the ratio of longitudinal diameter and longitudinal diameter (P<0.01), but negatively correlated with transverse diameter and single grain weight (P<0.01). There was a significant positive correlation between latitude and longitudinal diameter (P<0.05), a very significantly positive correlation between latitude and longitudinal diameter ratio (P<0.01), a significantly negative correlation between latitude and transverse diameter (P<0.05), and a negative correlation between latitude and single grain weight (P<0.05). Systematic cluster analysis showed that 59 populations of wild lotus fruits could be divided into 2-5 branches. All lotus fruits of American lotus and the Chiang Mai population of Thai lotus formed the first cluster, and the remaining Asian lotus formed the second cluster. Morphological traits of lotus fruits varied across the different years of collection. The results would provide scientific basis for lotus resource conservation, auxiliary identification, germplasm innovation and lotus fruit production.

lotus fruits  /  germplasm resource  /  morphological character  /  variation
罗佳琳, 傅阳阳, 刘青青, 吴砚农, 张文丽, 郑福军, 杨帆, 王健, 田代科. 不同资源的莲子形态多样性及其变异分析. 热带作物学报, 2025 , 46 (3) : 597 -610 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.03.009
Jialin LUO, Yangyang FU, Qingqing LIU, Yannong WU, Wenli ZHANG, Fujun ZHENG, Fan YANG, Jian WANG, Daike TIAN. Morphological Diversity and Variation Analysis of Lotus Fruits from Different Sources[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2025 , 46 (3) : 597 -610 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.03.009
莲又称荷花、莲花,为莲科(Nelumbonaceae)莲属(Nelumbo)的多年生挺水植物,目前仅存美洲莲[N. lutea (Willd.) Pers.]和亚洲莲(N. nucifera Gaertn.)2个种。美洲莲分布在美国、墨西哥和加勒比海岛国等地,亚洲莲分布于俄罗斯南部、中国、印度、越南、泰国等亚洲国家及澳大利亚北部[1-2]。荷花具有重要的观赏价值、经济价值和文化价值。依据不同用途,可分为观赏用的花莲、生产食用莲子为主的子莲和生产莲藕作蔬菜用的藕莲[3]
莲子在食品科学、生物医学等方面均被广泛研究。研究证明莲子具有多种利用价值,在抗氧化方面可以清除人体内的自由基[4-5],莲子所含的莲子多酚与茶多酚对抑制细菌繁殖有显著效果[6]。近年来也有研究表明莲子所含的活性物质对抗肿瘤、抗癌起到一定的作用[7-8]。此外,莲子也是我国重要的经济资源,具有丰富的遗传多样性,品质差异较大,如何充分利用该遗传资源,从而在莲子产量、营养品质等方面实现育种上的突破,是实现这一重要经济作物维持国际市场贸易的关键[9]
作为种子植物重要的繁殖器官,种子的表型特征是植物形态学最直观的分类依据,也是物种遗传多样性的基础[10]。自然界中个体间种子大小变异既受遗传控制,又受环境的影响[11]。四川牡丹(Paeonia decomposita Hand.-Mazz.)6个种源地的种长、种宽、千粒重等性状在不同种源地间均达到显著水平[12]。香椿[Toona sinensis (A. Juss.) Roem.]种子长、种子宽、百粒质量等8个性状在种源间存在极显著差异,且种子性状与经纬度之间呈显著关系,种子大小有从西南往东北方向减小的趋势[13]。莲子是莲的重要器官,目前对其形态特征的多样性缺乏系统分析与总结。王玲等[14]比较了5个野生种群莲子形态,结果显示不同种群莲子形态存在较大差异;薛建华等[15]对黑龙江流域野生莲进行调查观测,发现野生莲的莲子外形未见明显差异;付彦荣[16]对9个野生莲居群莲子形态进行测量比较,结果表明东北三省和内蒙古野生莲居群的莲子较大,河北、山东的莲子偏小,但与湖南的莲子差异不大。前人研究的样本量偏少或局限于某一区域,而莲的分布范围较广,因此,需要广泛收集和整理莲子资源,研究其性状差异,选育良种,以丰富遗传资源。本研究对81份不同来源莲子(59个野生居群,15个栽培居群,7个子莲品种)进行形态指标的测量和比较分析,旨在全面了解和掌握不同资源莲子形态特征的多样性和变异规律,为莲的资源保护和辅助鉴定、种质创新、莲子生产等提供科学依据。
供试材料中81份不同来源莲子为上海辰山植物园观赏植物资源与创新利用课题组2010~2023年从国内外各地野外采集及收集的成熟干莲子,来源涵盖美国中西部、东南部,加拿大,中国东北、华北、华中、华东、西南及华南地区,越南北部及泰国北部。此外,3个居群不同年份莲子分别采自中国河北白洋淀(2013、2015、2023年)、中国山东微山湖(2015、2016年)、中国湖北洪湖(2015、2023年)(表1)。
用精度为0.01 mm电子游标卡尺分别测量莲子横径、纵径,用精度为0.0001 g电子天平称量莲子单粒重,莲子形状用纵横径比表示,每份莲子资源测量粒数不少于10粒,所有结果统一保留小数点后2位。参照《国际植物新品种保护公约》并参考曾绍校等[17]的标准确定其形状,纵横径比在1.000~1.200定为圆形,在1.201~1.400之间,莲子上端小、下端大,两端不对称定为卵圆形,莲子两端对称均匀定为椭圆形,1.400以上定为长椭圆形。
利用Excel 2019和SPSS 23软件对所测量数据进行描述性分析,了解各项指标的平均数、标准差和变异系数;同时,根据野生莲莲子的形态性状进行系统聚类分析;利用Origin 2022软件对莲子纵径、横径、纵横径比以及单粒重进行数据分布分析和相关性分析。
81份莲子资源形态性状变异幅度大。纵径变化幅度为12.03~19.58 mm,主要集中在15.70~17.05 mm区间;横径变化幅度为7.93~15.72 mm,主要集中在10.21~11.39 mm区间(图1A);纵横径比变化幅度为1.01~1.97,主要集中在1.40~1.63区间;单粒重变化幅度为0.41~2.26 g,主要集中在0.91~1.14 g区间(图1B)。
美洲莲的莲子平均纵径为(13.97±0.85)mm,平均变异系数为3.07%;平均横径为(11.98±0.61)mm,平均变异系数为3.72%;平均纵横径比为1.17±0.07,平均变异系数为4.09%;平均单粒重为(1.13±0.03)g,平均变异系数为8.89%(表2)。平均纵径、横径、纵横径比及单粒重的变异系数均小于10%,说明美洲莲莲子形态性状离散程度较小,具有较好的稳定性。
美洲莲的莲子不同居群间纵径、横径、纵横径比及单粒重之间存在显著差异。纵径、横径和粒重的最大值均出现在加拿大安大略省,分别为(15.21±0.50)mm、(12.80±0.39)mm和(1.21±0.08)g;最小值皆在美国阿拉巴马州,分别为(13.18±0.42)mm、(11.45±0.29)mm和(1.01±0.06)g;纵横径比最大值出现在美国佛罗里达州(1.22±0.07),最小值出现在美国密苏里州(1.09±0.04)(表2)。
野生(型)亚洲莲的莲子平均纵径为(16.52±0.88)mm,平均变异系数为3.48%;平均横径为(10.51±0.72)mm,平均变异系数为4.02%;平均纵横径比为1.58±0.11,平均变异系数为3.99%;平均单粒重为(0.98±0.17)g,平均变异系数为9.80%(表3)。其中,纵径、横径、纵横径比和粒重最大值分别在中国湖南岳阳居群2[(17.92±0.58)mm],中国江苏太湖居群2[(12.16±0.57)mm],中国黑龙江方正(1.75±0.07)和中国河南信阳[(1.40±0.12)g]。纵径和粒重最小值在中国四川三台,分别为(15.19±0.77)mm、(0.54±0.07)g,横径和纵横径比最小值在泰国清迈,分别为(14.27±0.31)mm、1.22±0.04。
不同地区野生(型)莲的莲子间纵径、横径、纵横径比及单粒重存在显著差异(表3)。中国东北地区莲子纵径和纵横径比最大值在中国黑龙江方正,分别为(17.66±0.53)mm、1.75±0.07;横径和粒重最大值在中国黑龙江双城,分别为(10.78±0.30)mm、(1.10±0.10)g;纵径和纵横径比最小值分别在中国辽宁大连居群2[(15.97±0.62)mm]和中国黑龙江逊克(1.55±0.06);横径和单粒重最小值在中国辽宁大连居群3,分别为(9.51±0.28)mm、(0.79±0.05)g。中国华北地区莲子纵径和纵横径比最大值分别在中国河北白洋淀居群1[(17.03±0.63)mm]、中国河北保定(1.58±0.07),横径和单粒重最大值在中国河北河间,分别为(11.71±0.40)mm、(1.29±0.05)g;纵径、横径和单粒重最小值在中国河北白洋淀居群2,分别为(15.88±0.46)mm、(10.19±0.40)mm、(0.98±0.07)g;纵横径比最小值在中国河北河间,为1.41±0.06。中国华中地区莲子纵径和纵横径比最大值分别在中国湖南岳阳居群2[(17.92±0.58)mm]和中国湖北团山寺(1.70±0.05),横径和单粒重最大值在中国河南信阳,分别为(12.09±0.52)mm、(1.40±0.12)g;纵径和纵横径比最小值分别在中国湖北石首[(15.56±0.53)mm]和中国河南信阳(1.37±0.06),横径和单粒重最小值在中国湖北梁子湖居群2,分别为(9.97±0.42)mm、(0.86±0.08)g。中国华东地区莲子纵径和纵横径比最大值分别在中国江西鄱阳湖居群2[(17.83±0.23)mm]、中国江苏洪泽湖居群1(1.69±0.09),横径、单粒重最大值在中国江苏太湖居群2,分别为(12.16±0.57)mm、(1.36±0.16)g;纵径、横径、单粒重最小值在中国江苏洪泽湖居群2,分别为(15.79±0.64)mm、(9.68±0.47)mm、(0.80±0.09)g,纵横径比最小值在中国江苏太湖居群2(1.38±0.05)。
15个栽培居群亚洲莲的莲子平均纵径为(15.81±1.21)mm,平均变异系数为3.81%;平均横径为(11.18±0.89)mm,平均变异系数为4.62%;平均纵横径比为1.42±0.14,平均变异系数为4.83%;平均单粒重为(1.07±0.18)g,平均变异系数为10.40%(表4)。15个栽培亚洲莲莲子间纵径、横径、纵横径比及单粒重存在显著差异。纵径和纵横径比最大值分别在中国重庆铜梁[(17.07±0.78)mm]、中国北京圆明园居群2(1.64±0.10),最小值在越南仙侣,分别为(13.65±0.54)mm、1.23±0.54;横径和单粒重最大值在中国江西鄱阳湖居群3,分别为(13.44±0.45)mm、(1.49±0.10)g,最小值分别在中国北京圆明园居群2[(10.08±0.52)mm]、越南顺化[(0.83±0.08)g]。
7个子莲品种的莲子平均纵径为(16.71±0.94)mm,变异系数为4.20%;平均横径为(13.20±1.24)mm,变异系数为3.85%;平均纵横径比为1.27±0.08,变异系数为3.79%;平均单粒重为(1.53±0.33)g,变异系数为11.27%(表5)。7个子莲品种莲子间纵径、横径、纵横径比及单粒重存在显著差异。其中,建选17号纵径和单粒重最大,分别为(17.93±0.50)mm、(1.99±0.09)g;中国福建建宁子莲横径[(14.84±0.30)mm]最大,纵横径比(1.19±0.06)最小;中山红叶纵横径比最大,为1.36±0.07;纵径、横径和单粒重最小,分别为(15.95±0.59)mm,(11.78±0.50)mm,(1.18±0.10)g。
为了解莲子的单粒重与纵径、横径及纵横径比之间的关系,对所有莲子的单粒重、纵径、横径、纵横径比进行相关性分析,结果显示:莲子单粒重与纵径(y=-0.08+0.07xR2=0.11,P<0.05)、横径(y=-1.03+0.19xR2=0.80,P<0.05)呈显著正相关,与纵横径比(y=2.23-0.78xR2=0.30,P<0.05)呈显著负相关(图2)。
不同来源的美洲莲莲子粒重相关性存在一定差异。所有居群莲子横径与单粒重之间均呈极显著正相关;美国佛罗里达州(r=0.306**)、美国密苏里州(r=0.637**)来源的莲子纵径与单粒重之间呈极显著正相关,美国阿拉巴马州(r=0.306*)、美国马里兰州(r=0.375*)来源莲子纵径与单粒重之间呈显著正相关,而加拿大安大略省来源的莲子纵径与单粒重间相关性未达到显著水平;美国佛罗里达州(r=-0.722**)和美国马里兰州(r=-0.415**)来源的莲子纵横径比与单粒重之间呈极显著负相关,其他3个地区的莲子纵横径比与单粒重之间未达到显著水平(图3)。
不同来源的亚洲莲莲子粒重相关性存在差异。莲子纵径与单粒重呈显著相关(P<0.05)或极显著相关(P<0.01)有70个,占总数的92.11%,其中呈极显著正相关的居群64个,呈显著正相关的居群6个,相关性最强的居群为北京中坞公园莲子(r=0.916**);莲子横径与单粒重呈显著相关(P<0.05)或极显著相关(P<0.01)有72个,占总数的94.74%,其中呈极显著正相关的居群71个,显著正相关的居群1个,相关性最强的是太空36(r=0.926**);莲子纵横径比与单粒重呈显著相关(P<0.05)或极显著相关(P<0.01)有22个,占总数的28.95%,其中呈极显著负相关的居群14个,呈极显著正相关的居群2个,显著负相关的居群6个,相关性最强的居群是福建建宁子莲(r=0.768**)(图3)。以上结果表明亚洲莲莲子形态与单粒重之间相关性较大,不同来源的亚洲莲莲子形态与单粒重之间相关性具有差异性,纵径、横径和单粒重之间相关性大都显著。
美洲莲莲子的形态性状与其分布地的经纬度之间相关性不显著。经度与美洲莲莲子纵径(r=-0.603)、横径(r=-0.093)、纵横径比(r=-0.805)和单粒重(r=-0.420)呈负相关,相关性均不显著;纬度与美洲莲莲子纵径(r=0.518)、横径(r=0.864)和单粒重(r=0.462)呈正相关,与纵横径比(r=-0.066)呈负相关,相关性皆不显著(表6)。
亚洲莲莲子的形态性状与其分布地的经纬度之间的相关性较强。经度与亚洲莲莲子纵径(r=0.380**)和纵横径比(r=0.410**)呈极显著正相关性,与横径(r=-0.224)和单粒重(r=-0.092)呈负相关,相关性不显著;纬度与亚洲莲莲子纵径(r=0.274*)呈显著正相关,与纵横径比(r=0.420**)呈极显著正相关,与横径呈显著负相关(r=-0.295*),与单粒重(r=-0.126)呈负相关,相关性不显著(表6)。
以上结果表明,在经度相同时,亚洲莲莲子随着纬度的降低纵径变短横径变宽,莲子形状呈短粗;在纬度相同时,随着经度的增加纵径变长横径变窄,莲子形状呈细长。该结果与王玲等[14]的研究结果一致。
有研究表明,以亲代特征为指标的地理变异模式与种源试验的结果基本相符,因此对亲代表型性状进行聚类分析对于早期获得种源区划信息具有重要意义[18-19]。莲子形态是荷花重要的表型性状,以不同来源野生莲莲子的纵径、横径、纵横径比、粒重、颜色、色泽、是否有白粉、是否有纵纹为指标,采用平方欧式距离类平均法进行系统聚类(图4)。在欧式距离为25时,莲子居群聚为2大类。所有的美洲莲和泰国清迈居群莲子聚为一类,剩余的亚洲莲聚为第二类;欧式距离为10时,莲子居群聚为5类。第一类群又被分为3个亚类。美国马里兰州、密苏里州以及加拿大安大略省来源莲子聚为一类,美国阿拉巴马州和佛罗里达州来源莲子聚为一类,泰国清迈来源单独一类;亚洲莲中,中国四川三台莲子单独一类,剩余亚洲莲为一类。此外,欧式距离越小聚类越多,但并非按地域规律分布。
果实大小受多种因素的影响,包括植物本身的遗传特性、生理、形态、营养、激素、环境和栽培等[20]。为了解莲子性状是否受环境因素影响,对不同时间采摘的同一居群莲子性状进行测量分析,结果显示,不同年份采摘的白洋淀红莲、微山湖红莲和洪湖红莲莲子性状存在差异。白洋淀居群的莲子纵径、横径、纵横径比和单粒重在2013年和2015年无显著差异,而2023年横径和单粒重出现显著差异(图5A);微山湖居群的莲子纵径、横径、纵横径比和单粒重在2 a内无显著差异(图5B);洪湖居群的莲子除纵横比外的其他3个性状在不同年份均存在显著差异(图5C)。
不同来源莲子的纵径、横径、纵横径比和单粒重差异性均达到显著水平。野生(型)莲中,美洲莲莲子与泰国莲莲子纵横径比在1.000~1.200之间,为圆形、卵圆形;中国不同地区野生莲的莲子纵横径比在1.201~1.400及以上,多为长椭圆形,少数为椭圆形。该结果与王玲等[14]研究结果稍有差异,可能主要与本研究所用莲子的样本数量更多,涵盖范围更广,种质资源更为丰富有关。一般来说,如果变异系数超过了10%,则认为参与测试的样本个体之间存在显著差异[21-22]。从81份莲种质资源4个表型性状的变异系数来看,莲子的纵径、横径和纵横径比的变异系数均低于10%,而部分来源的莲子单粒重的变异系数稍大于10%,说明了莲子不同个体之间的质量存在较大的遗传差异,形状则具有较高的稳定性,这与沙棘(Hippophae rhamnoides L.)[23]果实的研究结果相似。总体来说,莲子形态性状在种质水平上存在着比较丰富的遗传变异,具有较大的遗传改良潜力,对莲种质资源利用等具有重要指导作用,也对莲种质资源的遗传多样性的评价具有一定意义[24]
莲子的单粒重与纵径、横径呈显著正相关,与纵横径比均呈显著负相关,且横径相关性最大,纵横径比相关性最小,说明莲子的单粒重主要受纵径的限制。该结果与梭梭[Haloxylon ammodendron (C. A. Mey.) Bunge][25]、和刨花润楠(Machilus pauhoi Kaneh.)[26]等物种研究结果相似。表明种子的质量与形态大小相关。
不同植物因对地理因子的适应性差异而表现出不同的地理变异规律[27]。如高山栲(Castanopsis delavayi Franch.)[28]种子性状均随着经度的减小和海拔的增加呈现不断增大的趋势,构树[Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) Vent.][29]种子性状的地理变异不仅受经纬度影响,还受海拔因子影响。本研究表明,美洲莲的莲子形态与经纬度相关性均不显著,说明美洲莲的莲子形态性状并不呈明显的地理变异模式,变异可能是随机分布。亚洲莲的莲子纵径、横径和纵横径比均与经纬度之间存在显著或极显著相关性,但与单粒重相关性却不显著,说明亚洲莲的莲子形态大小呈明显的地理变异,而重量变异则与地理位置因素无关。但是从遗传学角度出发,种源亲代表型性状的变异是自身遗传变异和外界环境饰变综合作用的结果[30],除了考虑经纬度地理因素外,海拔、降水量、土壤等环境因子也应该考虑在内,单纯基于经纬度因素不能完全辨析莲子的地理变异模式。因此,对于莲子的地理变异模式辨析以及科学的来源区划,还有待于通过栽培试验和分子标记手段进一步研究。
59份不同地点采集的莲子在不同欧式距离下可聚为2~5类。按莲的种源分类看,美洲莲与亚洲莲分开无可厚非。泰国莲子与美洲莲莲子在距离远时聚在了一起,可能由于其莲子形态类似,皆为圆形—卵圆形。中国四川三台莲子在欧式距离为10时单独聚为一类,可能因该居群莲子与其他居群莲子差异较大,不管是纵径、横径还是单粒重均显著小于其他居群。此外,欧式距离越小聚类越多,但并非按地域规律分布。说明单纯靠莲子性状并不能用于区分荷花来源,需要增加花叶等一些其他相关性状以便更好聚类。且聚类中对于莲子的一些质量性状如莲子色泽的强弱、白粉的多少、纵纹明显程度的判断受主观因素影响可能存在一定的误差,也可能影响聚类结果。
不同年份的3个居群莲子形态指标存在差异。当年份相近时3个居群莲子形态均不存在显著差异,当年份相距较大时莲子形态存在显著差异。存在显著差异的原因可能是当地不同年份的气候因素(如光照、水分、温度)存在差异,或因采摘年份过久,受储藏时间和储藏条件影响使得莲子形态存在差异。
本研究通过对81份不同来源的莲子进行测量与分析,发现不同来源的莲子在纵径、横径、纵横径比及单粒重4个形态性状上均存在显著差异,体现出丰富的遗传变异,具有较大的遗传改良潜力;且莲子重量的稳定性弱于形状,亚洲莲莲子的形态与经纬度因子存在显著相关性。研究结果为摸清莲子的资源多样性,为莲资源多样性提供数据支撑,同时对莲资源的鉴定有一定帮助,为莲开发利用和良种选育奠定基础。但本研究并未从化学成分及分子层面对其进行深入分析,仅依靠表型性状指标的差异不能充分反映植物自身的遗传变异情况。今后研究中可将形态学研究、营养成分与分子研究相结合,深入探索莲子性状同资源的关联性,以及影响其变异的关键要素,从而进一步揭示莲子的遗传变异规律,为荷花新品种选育和种质创新开拓更广阔的空间。
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2025年第46卷第3期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.03.009
  • 接收时间:2024-07-30
  • 首发时间:2026-06-25
  • 出版时间:2025-03-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-07-30
  • 录用日期:2024-12-03
基金
云南省专家工作站(WKT066)
作者信息
    1.热带特色林木花卉遗传与种质创新教育部重点实验室/海南省热带特色花木资源生物学重点实验室/海南大学热带农林学院,海南海口 570228
    2.中国科学院分子植物科学卓越创新中心辰山科研中心/上海辰山植物园,上海 201602
    3.西双版纳宝翠香莲生物科技有限公司,云南勐海 666212

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* 王健(WANG Jian),E-mail:
田代科(TIAN Daike),E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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