Article(id=1276238149638550194, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276238094940639467, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.02.015, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1726588800000, receivedDateStr=2024-09-18, revisedDate=1728576000000, revisedDateStr=2024-10-11, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1782208486232, onlineDateStr=2026-06-23, pubDate=1740412800000, pubDateStr=2025-02-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1782208486232, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-23, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1782208486232, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1782208486232, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1276238094940639467, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, year='2025', volume='46', issue='2', pageStart='247', pageEnd='489', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1740412800000', pubDateStr='2025-02-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1782208473191, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782208527160, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1276238321386909890, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276238094940639467, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1276238321386909891, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276238094940639467, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=398, endPage=406, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1276238149919568564, articleId=1276238149638550194, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=EN, title=Traceability of Hainan Coffee Origin Based on Fingerprint Characteristics of Mineral Elements, columnId=1236286112713470633, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, columnName=Post-harvest Treatment & Quality Safety, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Coffee is one of three major beverage plants in the world, which is an important economic crop serving the revitalization and construction of rural areas in hot areas and national “the Belt and Road” initiative. Hainan coffee has good quality, high prices and good earnings. Currently, there is a phenomenon of using inferior products and impersonating others in the market, which is seriously damaged the brand image of Hainan coffee. Therefore, the development of Hainan coffee origin traceability identification technology is of great significance for promoting identification of Hainan coffee. In this study, we used inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry technology to determine the content of 13 mineral elements (K, Mg, Ca, Cu, Fe, Ba, Co, Mo, Ni, Zn, Se, Cd, As) in 68 coffee bean samples from main production areas of robusta coffee both domestically and internationally. Principal component analysis, orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis and cluster analysis were used to classify the production areas of medium grain coffee beans in Hainan and abroad. A model for identifying the origin of medium grained coffee was established using linear discriminant analysis. The results showed that there was a significant correlation between different mineral element. And content of elements As, Ca, Fe, K, and Zn between Hainan and foreign production areas were significantly different; OPLS-DA analysis divided coffee samples into two groups, Hainan and foreign areas, based on composition characteristics of five elements. Fisher discriminant model established by using content of elements As, K, and Ca could distinguish robusta coffee beans from Hainan and abroad. The correct discriminant rates of cross test and back generation test were 92.3% and 96.2%, respectively. The accuracy of cluster analysis in identifying product origin was 89.7%. The above research results demonstrated that fingerprint characteristics of mineral elements could be used for origin tracing of Hainan coffee, which provided key technical support for brand protection of Hainan coffee in the future.

, authors=null, authorsList=Xi’ao WANG, Xianrui PENG, Lisong HU, Lifang HUANG, Na AN, Xiaoyang WANG, Lin YAN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Lin YAN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1276238151005893308, articleId=1276238149638550194, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=CN, title=基于矿质元素指纹特征的海南咖啡产地溯源研究, columnId=1236286112877048492, journalTitle=热带作物学报, columnName=采后处理与质量安全, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

咖啡是世界三大饮料植物之一,是服务热区乡村振兴建设和国家“一带一路”倡议的重要经济作物。海南咖啡品质佳、价格高、收益好,然而目前市场上存在以次充好、冒名顶替的现象,导致海南咖啡品牌形象严重受损。因此,开发海南咖啡产地溯源鉴定技术对推进海南咖啡的身份标识化具有重要意义。本研究借助电感耦合等离子体质谱技术(inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry,ICP-MS)对国内外中粒咖啡主产区68份咖啡商品豆的13种矿质元素(K、Mg、Ca、Cu、Fe、Ba、Co、Mo、Ni、Zn、Se、Cd、As)含量进行测定,利用主成分分析(principal component Analysis,PCA)、正交偏最小二乘法判别分析(orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis,OPLS-DA)和聚类分析对我国海南和国外中粒咖啡商品豆的产地进行分类,并利用线性判别分析(linear discriminant analysis,LDA)建立中粒咖啡的产地判别模型。结果表明:不同矿质元素间存在显著相关关系,海南产区和国外产区咖啡商品豆的As、Ca、Fe、K和Zn含量间存在显著差异;OPLS-DA分析依据5种元素的组成特征将咖啡样品分成海南和国外2组;利用元素As、K、Ca含量建立的线性判别模型可以将海南和国外的中粒咖啡商品豆进行区分,交叉验证和回代验证的正确判别率分别是92.3%和96.2%;聚类分析的产地判别准确率为89.7%。上述研究结果证明矿质元素指纹特征可用于海南咖啡的产地溯源,为今后海南咖啡的品牌保护提供关键的技术支撑。

, authors=

王曦奥(1994—),女,博士研究生,研究方向:咖啡种质资源与遗传育种。

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* 闫林(YAN Lin),E-mail:
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2.Coffee Hainan Engineering Research Center, Wanning, Hainan 571533, China
3.International Joint Research Center for Tropical Spice Beverages, Wanning, Hainan 571533, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1276238153950294752, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276238149638550194, authorId=1276238153577001690, language=CN, stringName=王曦奥, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, 3, address=1.中国热带农业科学院香料饮料研究所,海南万宁 571533
2.咖啡海南省工程研究中心,海南万宁 571533
3.热带香料饮料国际联合研究中心,海南万宁 571533, bio={"content":"

王曦奥(1994—),女,博士研究生,研究方向:咖啡种质资源与遗传育种。

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王曦奥(1994—),女,博士研究生,研究方向:咖啡种质资源与遗传育种。

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4.Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1276238154436834022, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276238149638550194, authorId=1276238154042569442, language=CN, stringName=彭贤瑞, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 4, address=1.中国热带农业科学院香料饮料研究所,海南万宁 571533
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5.Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources Utilization of Spice and Beverage Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wanning, Hainan 571533, China
6.National Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Biological Breeding, Sanya, Hainan 572024, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1276238155196003053, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276238149638550194, authorId=1276238154776572648, language=CN, stringName=胡丽松, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 5, 6, address=1.中国热带农业科学院香料饮料研究所,海南万宁 571533
5.农业农村部香辛饮料作物遗传资源利用重点实验室,海南万宁 571533
6.热带作物生物育种全国重点实验室,海南三亚 572024, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1276238151223997118, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276238149638550194, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276238151345631935, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276238149638550194, companyId=1276238151223997118, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.Spice and Beverage Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wanning, Hainan 571533, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276238151358214848, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276238149638550194, companyId=1276238151223997118, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.中国热带农业科学院香料饮料研究所,海南万宁 571533)]), AuthorCompany(id=1276238153266623181, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276238149638550194, xref=5., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276238153275011790, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276238149638550194, companyId=1276238153266623181, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=5.Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources Utilization of Spice and Beverage Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wanning, Hainan 571533, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276238153283400399, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276238149638550194, companyId=1276238153266623181, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=5.农业农村部香辛饮料作物遗传资源利用重点实验室,海南万宁 571533)]), AuthorCompany(id=1276238153367286481, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276238149638550194, xref=6., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276238153375675090, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276238149638550194, companyId=1276238153367286481, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=6.National Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Biological Breeding, Sanya, Hainan 572024, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276238153384063699, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276238149638550194, companyId=1276238153367286481, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=6.热带作物生物育种全国重点实验室,海南三亚 572024)])]), Author(id=1276238155267306223, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276238149638550194, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1276238155598656245, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276238149638550194, authorId=1276238155267306223, language=EN, stringName=Lifang HUANG, firstName=Lifang, middleName=null, lastName=HUANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, 3, 5, 7, address=1.Spice and Beverage Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wanning, Hainan 571533, China
2.Coffee Hainan Engineering Research Center, Wanning, Hainan 571533, China
3.International Joint Research Center for Tropical Spice Beverages, Wanning, Hainan 571533, China
5.Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources Utilization of Spice and Beverage Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wanning, Hainan 571533, China
7.Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Quality Regulation for Tropical Spice and Beverage Crops, Wanning, Hainan 571533, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1276238155682542326, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276238149638550194, authorId=1276238155267306223, language=CN, stringName=黄丽芳, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, 3, 5, 7, address=1.中国热带农业科学院香料饮料研究所,海南万宁 571533
2.咖啡海南省工程研究中心,海南万宁 571533
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Identification of producing areas of Glycyrrhiza uralensis based on SNP molecular marker[J]. Modern Chinese Medicine, 2022, 24(2): 236-242. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Identification of producing areas of Glycyrrhiza uralensis based on SNP molecular marker, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276238171759309636, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276238149638550194, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=103, issue=2, pageStart=315, pageEnd=324, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=28, authorNames=ZHANG D, VEGA F E, INFANTE F, SOLANO W, JOHNSON E S, MEINHARDT L W, journalName=Journal of AOAC International, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG D, VEGA F E, INFANTE F, SOLANO W, JOHNSON E S, MEINHARDT L W. Accurate differentiation of green beans of arabica and robusta coffee using nanofluidic array of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers[J]. Journal of AOAC International, 2020, 103(2): 315-324., articleTitle=Accurate differentiation of green beans of arabica and robusta coffee using nanofluidic array of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276238171826418501, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276238149638550194, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=99, issue=null, pageStart=137, pageEnd=145, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=29, authorNames=GIRAUDO A, GRASSI S, SAVORANI F, GAVOCI G, CASIRAGHI E, GEOBALDO F, journalName=Food Control, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GIRAUDO A, GRASSI S, SAVORANI F, GAVOCI G, CASIRAGHI E, GEOBALDO F. Determination of the geographical origin of green coffee beans using NIR spectroscopy and multivariate data analysis[J]. Food Control, 2019, 99: 137-145., articleTitle=Determination of the geographical origin of green coffee beans using NIR spectroscopy and multivariate data analysis, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276238171893527366, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276238149638550194, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=212, issue=null, pageStart=512, pageEnd=520, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=30, authorNames=HABTE G, HWANG I M, KIM J S, HONG J H, HONG Y S, CHOI J Y, NHO E Y, JAMILA N, KHAN NAEEM, KIM K S, journalName=Food Chemistry, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HABTE G, HWANG I M, KIM J S, HONG J H, HONG Y S, CHOI J Y, NHO E Y, JAMILA N, KHAN NAEEM, KIM K S. Elemental profiling and geographical differentiation of Ethiopian coffee samples through inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), ICP-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and direct mercury analyzer (DMA)[J]. Food Chemistry, 2016, 212: 512-520., articleTitle=Elemental profiling and geographical differentiation of Ethiopian coffee samples through inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), ICP-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and direct mercury analyzer (DMA), refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276238171964830535, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276238149638550194, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=49, issue=15, pageStart=2474, pageEnd=2489, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[28], rfOrder=31, authorNames=MEHARI B, REDI-ABSHIRO M, CHANDRAVANSHI B S, COMBRINCK S, MCCRINDLE R, journalName=Analytical Letters, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MEHARI B, REDI-ABSHIRO M, CHANDRAVANSHI B S, COMBRINCK S, MCCRINDLE R. Characterization of the cultivation region of Ethiopian coffee by elemental analysis[J]. 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remark=6.热带作物生物育种全国重点实验室,海南三亚 572024)]), AuthorCompany(id=1276238153463755477, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276238149638550194, xref=7., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276238153472144086, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276238149638550194, companyId=1276238153463755477, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=7.Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Quality Regulation for Tropical Spice and Beverage Crops, Wanning, Hainan 571533, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276238153480532695, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276238149638550194, companyId=1276238153463755477, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=7.海南省热带香辛饮料作物遗传改良与品质调控重点实验室,海南万宁 571533)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1276238163974681365, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276238149638550194, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Scatter plot of principal component analysis coffee beans from different product areas, figureFileSmall=4IgVlbyw5ILdKE7uXypBRg==, figureFileBig=c+kpDniF8tDnyTwMJL6xFw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276238164075344662, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276238149638550194, language=CN, label=图1, caption=不同产区咖啡生豆的主成分得分散点图, figureFileSmall=4IgVlbyw5ILdKE7uXypBRg==, figureFileBig=c+kpDniF8tDnyTwMJL6xFw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276238164448637719, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276238149638550194, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=OPLS-DA analysis of coffee bean samples from two regions

A: OPLS-DA analysis score dispersion point plot; B: Projection variable importance value plot of different mineral elements.

, figureFileSmall=vkE0gsVn4pUrUaXrtMf7aw==, figureFileBig=laIeOkQIdxPpysbBtytTqQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276238164519940888, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276238149638550194, language=CN, label=图2, caption=不同产区咖啡生豆OPLS-DA分析

A:OPLS-DA分析得分散点图;B:不同矿质元素投影变量重要程度值得分图。

, figureFileSmall=vkE0gsVn4pUrUaXrtMf7aw==, figureFileBig=laIeOkQIdxPpysbBtytTqQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276238166520623897, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276238149638550194, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Cluster analysis of coffee beans from different production areas

Variety No. GW1-GW5 were abroad samples, HN1-HN21 were Hainan, China samples.

, figureFileSmall=/S0yZp6phD15jPZ6PR0yVQ==, figureFileBig=JWvpnAftStzi5CLT+ZLNwA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276238166596121370, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276238149638550194, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同产区咖啡生豆聚类分析

品种编号GW1~GW5为国外样品,HN1~HN21为中国海南样品。

, figureFileSmall=/S0yZp6phD15jPZ6PR0yVQ==, figureFileBig=JWvpnAftStzi5CLT+ZLNwA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276238166680007451, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276238149638550194, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Contents of mineral elements in green coffee beans

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
元素Element平均含量Average content/(mg·kg–1)最小值Minimum/(mg·kg–1)最大值Maximum/(mg·kg–1)偏度Skewness峰度KurtosisPP value变异系数CV/%
K14429.647±216.12112787.69016197.923–0.035–1.3990.086*7.637
Mg2120.488±24.6991923.2592345.8310.283–0.8970.184*5.939
Ca182.274(70.958)141.120270.4640.662–0.7160.03820.015
Cu9.318±0.5923.89315.311–0.109–0.6700.453*32.382
Fe14.096±1.3233.63635.5341.1622.8940.059*47.853
Ba0.833(0.945)0.1146.0942.3706.2240.000115.111
Co0.137(0.200)0.0350.5451.1751.1300.00568.591
Mo0.063(0.056)0.0100.2931.5892.0110.00078.788
Ni0.760±0.1040.0241.9040.823–0.0440.052*69.533
Zn2.916±0.1891.0884.7600.099–0.6040.764*33.113
Se0.030(0.032)0.0020.1401.7353.0020.00092.500
Cd0.009(0.007)0.0030.0542.7969.4100.00085.899
As0.013(0.011)0.0030.0391.0940.5180.00663.471
), ArticleFig(id=1276238166864556828, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276238149638550194, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

咖啡生豆中的矿质元素含量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
元素Element平均含量Average content/(mg·kg–1)最小值Minimum/(mg·kg–1)最大值Maximum/(mg·kg–1)偏度Skewness峰度KurtosisPP value变异系数CV/%
K14429.647±216.12112787.69016197.923–0.035–1.3990.086*7.637
Mg2120.488±24.6991923.2592345.8310.283–0.8970.184*5.939
Ca182.274(70.958)141.120270.4640.662–0.7160.03820.015
Cu9.318±0.5923.89315.311–0.109–0.6700.453*32.382
Fe14.096±1.3233.63635.5341.1622.8940.059*47.853
Ba0.833(0.945)0.1146.0942.3706.2240.000115.111
Co0.137(0.200)0.0350.5451.1751.1300.00568.591
Mo0.063(0.056)0.0100.2931.5892.0110.00078.788
Ni0.760±0.1040.0241.9040.823–0.0440.052*69.533
Zn2.916±0.1891.0884.7600.099–0.6040.764*33.113
Se0.030(0.032)0.0020.1401.7353.0020.00092.500
Cd0.009(0.007)0.0030.0542.7969.4100.00085.899
As0.013(0.011)0.0030.0391.0940.5180.00663.471
), ArticleFig(id=1276238166956831517, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276238149638550194, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Correlation analysis of different elements in green coffee beans

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
元素ElementAsBaCaCuFeKMgMoNiZnCdCoSe
As1.000
Ba0.0871.000
Ca0.305–0.0221.000
Cu–0.1670.1300.0881.000
Fe–0.2100.1110.1060.1841.000
K–0.3830.0790.1950.2570.547**1.000
Mg–0.028–0.0380.572**0.3240.450*0.622**1.000
Mo0.1660.1780.0970.2900.0120.0030.0971.000
Ni0.1130.247–0.041–0.1670.234–0.0860.045–0.506**1.000
Zn0.2420.0390.1520.169–0.069–0.2770.0370.204–0.2851.000
Cd0.763**0.1880.1500.006–0.048–0.3440.0190.2100.0430.630**1.000
Co0.228–0.049–0.398*–0.320–0.305–0.344–0.298–0.3740.558**–0.344–0.0161.000
Se–0.179–0.2820.2660.1530.2340.494*0.3480.452*–0.490*–0.041–0.357–0.425*1.000
), ArticleFig(id=1276238167074272030, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276238149638550194, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

咖啡生豆中不同元素的相关性分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
元素ElementAsBaCaCuFeKMgMoNiZnCdCoSe
As1.000
Ba0.0871.000
Ca0.305–0.0221.000
Cu–0.1670.1300.0881.000
Fe–0.2100.1110.1060.1841.000
K–0.3830.0790.1950.2570.547**1.000
Mg–0.028–0.0380.572**0.3240.450*0.622**1.000
Mo0.1660.1780.0970.2900.0120.0030.0971.000
Ni0.1130.247–0.041–0.1670.234–0.0860.045–0.506**1.000
Zn0.2420.0390.1520.169–0.069–0.2770.0370.204–0.2851.000
Cd0.763**0.1880.1500.006–0.048–0.3440.0190.2100.0430.630**1.000
Co0.228–0.049–0.398*–0.320–0.305–0.344–0.298–0.3740.558**–0.344–0.0161.000
Se–0.179–0.2820.2660.1530.2340.494*0.3480.452*–0.490*–0.041–0.357–0.425*1.000
), ArticleFig(id=1276238167145575199, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276238149638550194, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

Difference analysis of mineral elements in green coffee bean from different producing areas

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
元素Element中国海南Hainan, China国外Abroad
As0.018±0.002a0.005±0b
Ba0.960±0.203a2.139±1.089a
Ca199.865±8.635a165.436±6.742b
Cu9.275±0.683a9.500±1.255a
Fe12.623±1.174b20.282±4.012a
K14124.279±216.792b15712.191±148.001a
Mg2118.333±28.924a2129.541±47.252a
Mo0.088±0.015a0.093±0.038a
Ni0.724±0.101a0.912±0.356a
Zn3.174±0.184a1.931±0.305b
Cd0.014±0.002a0.005±0.001a
Co0.194±0.029a0.137±0.040a
Se0.032±0.006a0.054±0.022a
), ArticleFig(id=1276238167221072672, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276238149638550194, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同产地咖啡生豆中矿质元素含量差异分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
元素Element中国海南Hainan, China国外Abroad
As0.018±0.002a0.005±0b
Ba0.960±0.203a2.139±1.089a
Ca199.865±8.635a165.436±6.742b
Cu9.275±0.683a9.500±1.255a
Fe12.623±1.174b20.282±4.012a
K14124.279±216.792b15712.191±148.001a
Mg2118.333±28.924a2129.541±47.252a
Mo0.088±0.015a0.093±0.038a
Ni0.724±0.101a0.912±0.356a
Zn3.174±0.184a1.931±0.305b
Cd0.014±0.002a0.005±0.001a
Co0.194±0.029a0.137±0.040a
Se0.032±0.006a0.054±0.022a
), ArticleFig(id=1276238167288181537, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276238149638550194, language=EN, label=Tab. 4, caption=

Results of KMO and Bartlett tests

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项目Item结果Result
近似卡方136.481
自由度78
显著性0.000
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KMO和巴特利特检验结果

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项目Item结果Result
近似卡方136.481
自由度78
显著性0.000
), ArticleFig(id=1276238167418204963, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276238149638550194, language=EN, label=Tab. 5, caption=

Load and variance contribution rate of each element on principal components

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指标Index主成分Principal component
PC1PC2PC3PC4PC5
As–0.0350.4700.129–0.3180.067
Ba–0.1160.057–0.0090.1010.801
Ca0.1350.2760.062–0.0350.040
Cu0.015–0.021–0.0480.3350.204
Fe0.365–0.071–0.1650.016–0.025
K0.334–0.058–0.0240.037–0.021
Mg0.3470.1150.014–0.039–0.160
Mo–0.1090.0260.471–0.1000.041
Ni0.1510.122–0.314–0.1890.394
Zn–0.1370.161–0.1800.390–0.065
Cd–0.0390.335–0.1330.1400.083
Co–0.0500.0840.055–0.478–0.011
Se0.0370.0120.391–0.1000.063
特征值3.5142.5191.7291.1611.031
贡献率/%27.03119.37813.2998.9287.933
累积贡献率/%27.03146.40959.70868.63576.568
), ArticleFig(id=1276238167485313828, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276238149638550194, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

各元素在主成分上的荷载及各主成分方差贡献率

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指标Index主成分Principal component
PC1PC2PC3PC4PC5
As–0.0350.4700.129–0.3180.067
Ba–0.1160.057–0.0090.1010.801
Ca0.1350.2760.062–0.0350.040
Cu0.015–0.021–0.0480.3350.204
Fe0.365–0.071–0.1650.016–0.025
K0.334–0.058–0.0240.037–0.021
Mg0.3470.1150.014–0.039–0.160
Mo–0.1090.0260.471–0.1000.041
Ni0.1510.122–0.314–0.1890.394
Zn–0.1370.161–0.1800.390–0.065
Cd–0.0390.335–0.1330.1400.083
Co–0.0500.0840.055–0.478–0.011
Se0.0370.0120.391–0.1000.063
特征值3.5142.5191.7291.1611.031
贡献率/%27.03119.37813.2998.9287.933
累积贡献率/%27.03146.40959.70868.63576.568
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基于矿质元素指纹特征的海南咖啡产地溯源研究
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王曦奥 1, 2, 3 , 彭贤瑞 1, 4 , 胡丽松 1, 5, 6 , 黄丽芳 1, 2, 3, 5, 7 , 安娜 1 , 王晓阳 1, 2, 3, 5, 7 , 闫林 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, *
热带作物学报 | 采后处理与质量安全 2025,46(2): 398-406
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热带作物学报 |采后处理与质量安全 2025 , 46 (2) : 398 -406
基于矿质元素指纹特征的海南咖啡产地溯源研究
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3.热带香料饮料国际联合研究中心,海南万宁 571533
5.农业农村部香辛饮料作物遗传资源利用重点实验室,海南万宁 571533
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YAN, firstName=Lin, middleName=null, lastName=YAN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, 3, 5, 7, *, address=1.Spice and Beverage Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wanning, Hainan 571533, China
2.Coffee Hainan Engineering Research Center, Wanning, Hainan 571533, China
3.International Joint Research Center for Tropical Spice Beverages, Wanning, Hainan 571533, China
5.Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources Utilization of Spice and Beverage Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wanning, Hainan 571533, China
7.Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Quality Regulation for Tropical Spice and Beverage Crops, Wanning, Hainan 571533, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1276238160187224845, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276238149638550194, authorId=1276238159327392518, language=CN, stringName=闫林, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, 3, 5, 7, *, address=1.中国热带农业科学院香料饮料研究所,海南万宁 571533
2.咖啡海南省工程研究中心,海南万宁 571533
3.热带香料饮料国际联合研究中心,海南万宁 571533
5.农业农村部香辛饮料作物遗传资源利用重点实验室,海南万宁 571533
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王曦奥1, 2, 3, 彭贤瑞1, 4, 胡丽松1, 5, 6, 黄丽芳1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 安娜1, 王晓阳1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 闫林1, 2, 3, 5, 7, *
作者信息
  • 1.中国热带农业科学院香料饮料研究所,海南万宁 571533
  • 2.咖啡海南省工程研究中心,海南万宁 571533
  • 3.热带香料饮料国际联合研究中心,海南万宁 571533
  • 4.中国农业科学院作物科学研究所,北京 100081
  • 5.农业农村部香辛饮料作物遗传资源利用重点实验室,海南万宁 571533
  • 6.热带作物生物育种全国重点实验室,海南三亚 572024
  • 7.海南省热带香辛饮料作物遗传改良与品质调控重点实验室,海南万宁 571533
通讯作者:
* 闫林(YAN Lin),E-mail:
Traceability of Hainan Coffee Origin Based on Fingerprint Characteristics of Mineral Elements
Xi’ao WANG1, 2, 3, Xianrui PENG1, 4, Lisong HU1, 5, 6, Lifang HUANG1, 2, 3, 5, 7, Na AN1, Xiaoyang WANG1, 2, 3, 5, 7, Lin YAN1, 2, 3, 5, 7, *
Affiliations
  • 1.Spice and Beverage Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wanning, Hainan 571533, China
  • 2.Coffee Hainan Engineering Research Center, Wanning, Hainan 571533, China
  • 3.International Joint Research Center for Tropical Spice Beverages, Wanning, Hainan 571533, China
  • 4.Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
  • 5.Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources Utilization of Spice and Beverage Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wanning, Hainan 571533, China
  • 6.National Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Biological Breeding, Sanya, Hainan 572024, China
  • 7.Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Quality Regulation for Tropical Spice and Beverage Crops, Wanning, Hainan 571533, China
出版时间: 2025-02-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.02.015
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咖啡是世界三大饮料植物之一,是服务热区乡村振兴建设和国家“一带一路”倡议的重要经济作物。海南咖啡品质佳、价格高、收益好,然而目前市场上存在以次充好、冒名顶替的现象,导致海南咖啡品牌形象严重受损。因此,开发海南咖啡产地溯源鉴定技术对推进海南咖啡的身份标识化具有重要意义。本研究借助电感耦合等离子体质谱技术(inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry,ICP-MS)对国内外中粒咖啡主产区68份咖啡商品豆的13种矿质元素(K、Mg、Ca、Cu、Fe、Ba、Co、Mo、Ni、Zn、Se、Cd、As)含量进行测定,利用主成分分析(principal component Analysis,PCA)、正交偏最小二乘法判别分析(orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis,OPLS-DA)和聚类分析对我国海南和国外中粒咖啡商品豆的产地进行分类,并利用线性判别分析(linear discriminant analysis,LDA)建立中粒咖啡的产地判别模型。结果表明:不同矿质元素间存在显著相关关系,海南产区和国外产区咖啡商品豆的As、Ca、Fe、K和Zn含量间存在显著差异;OPLS-DA分析依据5种元素的组成特征将咖啡样品分成海南和国外2组;利用元素As、K、Ca含量建立的线性判别模型可以将海南和国外的中粒咖啡商品豆进行区分,交叉验证和回代验证的正确判别率分别是92.3%和96.2%;聚类分析的产地判别准确率为89.7%。上述研究结果证明矿质元素指纹特征可用于海南咖啡的产地溯源,为今后海南咖啡的品牌保护提供关键的技术支撑。

咖啡  /  矿质元素  /  产地溯源

Coffee is one of three major beverage plants in the world, which is an important economic crop serving the revitalization and construction of rural areas in hot areas and national “the Belt and Road” initiative. Hainan coffee has good quality, high prices and good earnings. Currently, there is a phenomenon of using inferior products and impersonating others in the market, which is seriously damaged the brand image of Hainan coffee. Therefore, the development of Hainan coffee origin traceability identification technology is of great significance for promoting identification of Hainan coffee. In this study, we used inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry technology to determine the content of 13 mineral elements (K, Mg, Ca, Cu, Fe, Ba, Co, Mo, Ni, Zn, Se, Cd, As) in 68 coffee bean samples from main production areas of robusta coffee both domestically and internationally. Principal component analysis, orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis and cluster analysis were used to classify the production areas of medium grain coffee beans in Hainan and abroad. A model for identifying the origin of medium grained coffee was established using linear discriminant analysis. The results showed that there was a significant correlation between different mineral element. And content of elements As, Ca, Fe, K, and Zn between Hainan and foreign production areas were significantly different; OPLS-DA analysis divided coffee samples into two groups, Hainan and foreign areas, based on composition characteristics of five elements. Fisher discriminant model established by using content of elements As, K, and Ca could distinguish robusta coffee beans from Hainan and abroad. The correct discriminant rates of cross test and back generation test were 92.3% and 96.2%, respectively. The accuracy of cluster analysis in identifying product origin was 89.7%. The above research results demonstrated that fingerprint characteristics of mineral elements could be used for origin tracing of Hainan coffee, which provided key technical support for brand protection of Hainan coffee in the future.

coffee  /  mineral elements  /  origin tracebility
王曦奥, 彭贤瑞, 胡丽松, 黄丽芳, 安娜, 王晓阳, 闫林. 基于矿质元素指纹特征的海南咖啡产地溯源研究. 热带作物学报, 2025 , 46 (2) : 398 -406 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.02.015
Xi’ao WANG, Xianrui PENG, Lisong HU, Lifang HUANG, Na AN, Xiaoyang WANG, Lin YAN. Traceability of Hainan Coffee Origin Based on Fingerprint Characteristics of Mineral Elements[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2025 , 46 (2) : 398 -406 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.02.015
咖啡被誉为“世界三大饮料植物之首”,是世界重要的热带经济作物。咖啡的附加值较高、市场潜力巨大。2023年全球咖啡产量为1028.55万t,其中小粒种为583.89万t,占56.77%;中粒种为444.66万t,占43.22%[1]。中国咖啡主产区为云南、海南和四川等地,2023年我国咖啡种植面积为7.80万hm2,产量为14.79万t,农业总产值为55.07亿元,我国已成为全球重要的咖啡生产、贸易和消费大国之一。海南是我国咖啡规模化种植的起源地,也是我国中粒咖啡的优势产区。海南具有发展精品咖啡的独特地理气候条件,经过多年的发展已形成“兴隆咖啡”“福山咖啡”等独具地方特色的国家地理标志保护产品。海南的中粒咖啡品质佳、价格高、收益好,在市场上受到消费者的广泛青睐,然而目前市场上充斥着大量非海南产地的咖啡制品,生产成本和商业价格相对较低,给海南的本土咖啡产品带来较大的市场冲击,不仅大大降低了农民的收入,还导致海南咖啡品牌形象严重受损。因此急需建立海南咖啡产地溯源鉴定方法,推进海南咖啡身份的标识化,在保障消费者权益的同时,切实保护海南咖啡品牌。
目前,关于农产品的产地溯源鉴定方法较为丰富,包括代谢物检测[2]、矿质元素指纹特征[3-4]、稳定同位素示踪[4]、近红外光谱[5]、分子标记[6-7]等多种研究技术。农产品中的矿质元素含量与其生长环境紧密相关,不同产区农产品具有特异的元素指纹特征[4],加之矿质元素在农产品中的含量相对稳定,检测方法简单高效,因此,目前该技术已被广泛应用于中草药[3-4]、粮食[8]、烟草[9]、葡萄酒[10]等农副产品的产地溯源和道地性鉴定中[11]。CHEN等[12]基于不同年份和产区的水稻样品,采用ICP-MS结合化学计量学方法建立了水稻的物源模型;WU等[13]针对来自陕西省3个不同地区的27份中华蜜蜂蜂蜜样品中的18种元素进行了多元分析,发现元素含量的显著差异可用于区分中华蜜蜂蜂蜜的地理来源;DEBBARMA等[14]研究发现,菠萝蜜种质和位置因素对果实的多元素积累特征有主要影响,并借助线性判别分析对印度菠萝蜜的地理来源进行了有效区分。上述研究结果表明,矿质元素指纹特征可为农产品产地溯源的建立和标准化提供理论依据和关键技术支撑。
矿质元素指纹特征分析在咖啡的产地溯源分析中也得到了应用。MOHAMMED等[15]在研究中发现Ca元素在也门咖啡中含量极高,可用于区分也门与埃塞俄比亚咖啡;埃塞俄比亚不同地区咖啡样本的矿质元素含量特征也存在显著差异。WORKU等[16]结合XRF和ICP-MS的多元素和稳定同位素图谱区分埃塞俄比亚咖啡的产地来源;VALENTIN等[17]利用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪测定了来自5大洲15个国家的咖啡豆中59种元素,并利用主成分分析和线性判别分析进行数据处理构建产地判别模型;此外,来自世界主要种植地区的纯产地烘焙、研磨的浓缩咖啡饮料其矿质元素含量也存在显著差异,南美洲的咖啡样品富含各种矿质元素,而中美洲的样品通常矿质元素含量较低[18]。目前应用矿质元素指纹特征开展咖啡产地溯源辨别的相关报道仅局限于小粒种咖啡,且研究涉及的主产区大多局限于非洲、美洲等咖啡生产及消费大国,而关于我国海南中粒咖啡的矿质元素指纹特征及产地溯源研究尚未见相关报道。
本研究收集了来自我国海南和国外中粒咖啡主产区的68份咖啡样品,基于ICP-MS技术明确了咖啡商品豆中的13种矿质元素指纹特征,分析了不同矿质元素间的相关关系,挖掘了我国海南和国外中粒咖啡商品豆中的差异矿质元素,并在此基础之上借助主成分分析、OPLS-DA分析和聚类分析对不同产地的咖啡商品豆进行分类,利用LDA分析建立了中粒咖啡的产地判别模型,为海南优质咖啡商品豆的质量安全控制和产地溯源奠定重要基础。
供试材料为68份咖啡生豆样品,分别来源于中国海南省咖啡主产区(琼中、澄迈、白沙、万宁)和国外主产区(印度、印度尼西亚、越南、乌干达),在咖啡收获期采摘后经去皮、脱胶、水洗、烘干后备用。
将每份咖啡豆样品磨碎混匀,称取200 mg于试管中,加入3 mL浓硝酸(西陇科学,汕头,分析纯)室温放置数小时至样品全部溶解,然后置于120 ℃的LWY84B型远红外消煮炉(格莱莫,武汉)中加热消煮。待试管中的样品澄清透明后,将消煮炉温度升高至150 ℃,排除试管内硝酸,直至试管中样品剩余1 mL时取出。
将试管中的样品用超纯水稀释到15 mL,期间冲洗试管壁不少于2次。将15 mL离心管置于离心机中,设置转速为3600 r/min,时间为15 min。提取上清用于13种矿质元素(As、Ba、Ca、Cu、Fe、K、Mg、Mo、Ni、Zn、Cd、Co、Se)的指纹特征分析,检测仪器为350Q型电感耦合等离子体质谱(PerkinElmer),运行参数设置射频功率为1600 W,雾化器流速为0.98 L/min,辅助气流速为1.2 L/min,等离子体气流速为15 L/min。
利用IBM SPSS Statistics 26.0软件进行描述性统计分析、相关性分析、主成分分析、线性判别分析和聚类分析。正态性检验采用Shapiro-Wilk test;相关性分析采用斯皮尔曼相关性分析,并进行双尾显著性检测;聚类分析采用欧式距离法。利用MetaboAnalyst 6.0网站(https://www.metaboanalyst.ca/)进行PCA散点图、OPLS-DA得分散点图及VIP图绘制。
不同产地咖啡豆中的K、Mg、Cu、Fe、Ni、Zn元素含量呈正态分布,其余元素含量不符合正态分布。K是咖啡生豆中含量最高的常量元素,平均含量可达14429.647 mg/kg;微量元素含量表现为Fe>Cu>Zn>Ba>Ni>Co>Mo>Se,重金属元素含量表现为As>Cd。Ba的变异系数超过100%(表1),说明不同产地咖啡豆中Ba元素含量存在较大差异。
为明确不同矿质元素间的关系,采用斯皮尔曼相关性分析对咖啡生豆中的13种矿质元素含量进行探究。由表2可知,在13种矿质元素中,诸多矿质元素间存在极显著的相关关系(P<0.01),如As与Cd、Ca与Mg、Fe与K、K与Mg呈极显著正相关,而Mo与Ni呈极显著负相关;部分矿质元素间存在显著的相关关系(P<0.05),K与Se、Fe与Mg呈显著正相关,Ca与Co、Co与Se呈显著负相关。上述研究结果表明,咖啡生豆中的矿质元素之间具有较强的相关关系,为完成咖啡生豆的产地溯源鉴别奠定坚实基础。
对我国海南和国外产区中粒咖啡生豆的矿质元素含量进行独立样本T检验,结果表明,咖啡生豆中的As、Ca、Fe、K和Zn元素含量在我国海南产区和国外产区间存在显著性差异,而Ba、Cu、Mg、Mo、Ni、Cd、Co和Se元素含量在不同产地间无显著差异(P<0.05)。我国海南产区咖啡生豆中的As、Ca、Zn元素含量显著高于国外产区,其中我国海南产区咖啡生豆中的As元素含量是国外产区的3.6倍,而国外产区咖啡生豆的Fe和K元素含量则显著高于我国海南产区(表3)。上述结果说明不同产地咖啡生豆中的矿质元素含量存在显著差异,As、Ca、Fe、K和Zn 5种矿质元素含量可能是咖啡豆产地溯源的重要依据。
主成分分析(PCA)能够将多个变量通过降维的方式拟合为少数主成分,从而最大程度保留原始变量的信息。为进一步探究不同产地咖啡生豆矿质元素含量的特征关系,对13种矿质元素进行主成分分析,并采用巴特利特球形度检验(Bartlett’s sphericity test)来判断原始变量之间的相关性。结果表明,巴特利特球形度检验的显著性为P<0.05,球形假设被拒绝,说明各变量之间存在相关性,可以进行主成分分析(表4)。
以特征值大于1为原则,提取了5个主成分,每个主成分都是13个原始变量的线性组合,其中PC1和PC2的贡献率分别是27.031%和19.378%,元素Fe、K和Mg的含量在PC1上有较大载荷,As、Ca和Cd在PC2上载荷较高,在PC3上元素Mo和Se有较大载荷,Cu、Zn和Co在PC4上载荷较高,Ba和Ni在PC5上有较大载荷(表5)。5个主成分的累积贡献率达76.568%,说明这5个主成分可将咖啡生豆中的矿质元素含量信息表达出来,可用于咖啡生豆的产地溯源。
为直观表现不同产地咖啡矿质元素的分布规律,提取方差贡献率最高的2个主成分PC1和PC2来绘制二维散点图(图1),结果表明,国外与我国海南的样品其矿质元素含量存在明显的分离趋势,但国外样品的置信椭圆部分并未与我国海南的样品完全分离,说明这2个主成分虽然能够达到对不同产地咖啡生豆矿质元素含量指标降维的目的,但不能得到较好的分类效果,因此应采取其他多元统计分析方法来获得更好的咖啡原产地溯源结果。
正交偏最小二乘法判别分析(OPLS-DA)是一种有监督的判别分析统计方法,横坐标代表组间差异,纵坐标达标组内差异。以咖啡产区分类作为自变量,利用5种具有显著性差异的矿质元素含量(As、Ca、Fe、K和Zn)作为因变量进行OPLS-DA降维分析。结果表明,利用OPLS-DA分析可以很好地将我国海南和国外产区的咖啡区分开来(图2A)。在图2B中,As、Zn和K元素的VIP值大于1,说明这3种元素是对咖啡产地贡献较大的变量,因此可以作为中粒咖啡产地溯源的标志性矿质元素,为我国海南咖啡的产地溯源鉴别提供重要依据。
线性判别分析(LDA)又称为Fisher线性判别,是一种监督学习的降维技术,数据集中的每个样本均有类别输出,目前被广泛用于农产品的产地溯源研究中。基于上述分析结果,利用5种矿质元素(As、Ca、Fe、K和Zn)可以很好地将我国海南和国外产区的中粒咖啡豆区分开,本研究进一步利用这5种矿质元素对我国海南和国外产区的中粒咖啡豆进行LDA分析,获得我国海南和国外中粒咖啡豆产地溯源鉴定模型,得到2个判别函数分别为Y中国海南=-198.690As–0.136Ca+0.020K–130.048;Y国外=-422.212As–0.205Ca+0.025K–175.801;所述的判别函数Y中国海南Y国外以As、Ca、K元素含量为变量,单位为mg/kg;比较Y中国海南Y国外的数值大小,Y中国海南>Y国外,则该咖啡样品的产地为中国海南,反之则来源于国外。另外,本研究对利用3种矿质元素含量建立的模型进一步开展回代检验和交叉验证。在回代检验中,对95.2%的中国海南产地样本和100%的国外产地样本进行了正确分类,即不同产地的回代验证正确率达96.2%;在交叉验证中,对90.5%的中国海南产地样本和100%的国外产地样本进行了正确分类,即不同产地的交叉验证正确率达92.3%,判别结果良好。
为进一步直观读出各样品的所属分类,本研究基于13种矿质元素的定量数据对来自中国海南和国外的68份咖啡样品进行系统聚类分析,采用欧式距离法绘制分类树状图。由图3可知,当欧式距离为5时,68份咖啡样品被划分为2类,其中有7份来自中国海南产区咖啡样品(HN16、HN18、HN19、HN20、HN21、HN17、HN1)被错误地划分到国外产区组,分类正确率为89.7%,说明矿质元素聚类分析结果与咖啡产地具有一定的相关性,聚类分析也可作为中国海南咖啡产地溯源鉴别的依据。
据报道,咖啡的产地溯源技术涉及代谢组学、矿质元素、稳定同位素、近红外光谱及分子标记等多种研究方法[19]。咖啡豆中的特征性代谢物包括咖啡因、绿原酸、葫芦巴碱、脂肪、蛋白质及多种挥发性成分,这些代谢物受地域环境影响,被认为是产品溯源的重要指标[2],应用咖啡的特征代谢物进行产地溯源鉴别已经取得了初步进展[20-22]。代谢物的提取虽然相对简单,但是代谢物含量的测定受环境和实验操作影响较大,数据的重复性较差。相比之下,分子标记鉴定技术则是从基因组水平进行产地识别的分子鉴定技术,这种方法操作简单、准确度高、稳定性好,适用于多种农产品的产地溯源和道地性鉴定[6,23-24],在咖啡上也有相关报道[25],但是由于这种鉴定方法需要提取DNA,对农产品的生理状态具有一定要求,因此只限于生咖啡的产地溯源。稳定同位素作为原产地特征表征物质效果较好,但同位素C、N、O、P、S作为产地溯源的有效指标建立的数学模型可靠性有待提高,结合同位素Se之后,虽然产地判别准确率大幅度提升,但在实际操作过程中由于操作要求高、实验仪器昂贵,因此很难推广[19]。另外,近红外光谱技术在咖啡产地溯源中得到了应用[26],但由于测定结果受粒径大小、分布、性状等物理状态和样本采集时间、加工过程等因素影响较大,因此采用该技术需要完善的实验设计来排除各种影响因素的干扰。而对于矿质元素产地溯源鉴定技术来说,无论是收获年份、成熟度、生咖啡还是烘焙咖啡对元素组成几乎无影响[18],且成本较低,操作简单,因此本研究选用该方法对中国海南和国外产区的咖啡豆进行了产地溯源判别分析。
对于不同产区和品种的咖啡来说,用于其产地溯源判别的特征元素存在明显区别。HABTE等[27]认为微量元素和痕量元素是判别咖啡样品来源的最佳元素;MEHARI等[28]在研究中发现,P、Mn、S、Cu和Fe是埃塞俄比亚东部、西部和南部咖啡样品的最具鉴别性元素;MOHAMMED等[15]则认为Ca元素是区分也门和埃塞俄比亚咖啡的主要元素;在OLIVEIRA等[18]的研究中,Ca和Mn被认为是鉴定世界主要咖啡种植区来源的最佳元素;在非洲、美洲和亚洲产区的产地溯源研究中,利用Rb、Sr和Ba可以完成咖啡的产地溯源。在本研究中,我们收集了来自我国海南产区和国外产区的68份咖啡样品,共完成了13种矿质元素测定,筛选到5种存在显著性差异的矿质元素(As、Ca、Fe、K、Zn),最后利用As、Ca和K元素建立了中国海南和国外中粒咖啡的产地判别模型,为中国海南咖啡的品牌保护提供关键技术支撑。
除测定指标的选择外,用于产地鉴别的化学计量学方法也是决定咖啡产地溯源准确性的重要环节。翟慧楠等[22]结合PCA和PLS-DA分析,将来自海南不同产地的咖啡品种进行了区分;MOHAMMED等[15]利用PCA分析及聚类分析对也门咖啡和埃塞俄比亚咖啡进行分类;WORKU等[16]利用LDA分析追踪了来自埃塞俄比亚4个咖啡主产区的103份咖啡样品的来源,准确率可达89%;MEHARI等[28]利用脂肪酸组成数据结合LDA分析,构建了埃塞俄比亚咖啡产地识别和预测能力分别为95%和92%的分类模型;另外,GIRAUDO等[26]基于OPLS-DA分析开发了来源于9个国家的咖啡产地溯源模型,该模型的预测能力可达98%以上,比本研究的判别率高,主要是因为样本量较大且不同产地之间的距离较远,因此准确性较高。在本研究中,我们分别采用了PCA分析、OPLS-DA分析和聚类分析对来自我国海南和国外的咖啡样品进行了分类,构建了LDA线性判别模型,交叉验证和回代验证的准确率分别可达92.3%和96.2%,聚类分析准确性也可达89.7%,判别效果相对较好。为了进一步提高中国海南咖啡产地溯源判别的准确性,后续研究应增加样本数量,丰富测定指标,选择多维度的分析方法,综合多种判别模型,建立专属中国海南咖啡的产地溯源判别体系。
本研究借助电感耦合等离子体质谱技术对来自国内外中粒咖啡主产区的68份咖啡商品豆的13种矿质元素(K、Mg、Ca、Cu、Fe、Ba、Co、Mo、Ni、Zn、Se、Cd、As)含量进行了定量测定,通过显著性分析和相关性分析等方法解析了不同产区中粒咖啡商品豆的矿质元素指纹特征,利用PCA分析、OPLS-DA分析和聚类分析对中国海南和国外中粒咖啡商品豆的产地进行分类,并利用LDA分析建立了不同产区中粒咖啡商品豆的产地溯源判别模型。结果表明,我国海南产区和国外产区咖啡商品豆中的As、Ca、Fe、K和Zn含量存在显著性差异;利用PCA分析不能将我国海南产区和国外产区的咖啡商品豆有效地分离开来,而OPLS-DA依据5种元素的组成特征将咖啡样品分成中国海南和国外2组;利用As、K、Ca含量建立的线性判别模型可以将中国海南和国外的中粒咖啡商品豆进行区分,交叉验证和回代验证的正确判别率分别是92.3%和96.2%;聚类分析的产地判别准确率为89.7%。本研究基于矿质元素指纹特征建立的中粒咖啡产地溯源鉴别模型可为中国海南咖啡的品牌保护提供参考依据。
  • 海南省重点研发计划项目(ZDYF2021XDNY295)
  • 国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-11)
  • 云南省院士专家工作站(202205AF150080)
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2025年第46卷第2期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.02.015
  • 接收时间:2024-09-18
  • 首发时间:2026-06-23
  • 出版时间:2025-02-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-09-18
  • 修回日期:2024-10-11
基金
海南省重点研发计划项目(ZDYF2021XDNY295)
国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-11)
云南省院士专家工作站(202205AF150080)
作者信息
    1.中国热带农业科学院香料饮料研究所,海南万宁 571533
    2.咖啡海南省工程研究中心,海南万宁 571533
    3.热带香料饮料国际联合研究中心,海南万宁 571533
    4.中国农业科学院作物科学研究所,北京 100081
    5.农业农村部香辛饮料作物遗传资源利用重点实验室,海南万宁 571533
    6.热带作物生物育种全国重点实验室,海南三亚 572024
    7.海南省热带香辛饮料作物遗传改良与品质调控重点实验室,海南万宁 571533

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* 闫林(YAN Lin),E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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