Article(id=1276238370510607046, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276238094940639467, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.02.004, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1726243200000, receivedDateStr=2024-09-14, revisedDate=1729180800000, revisedDateStr=2024-10-18, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1782208538891, onlineDateStr=2026-06-23, pubDate=1740412800000, pubDateStr=2025-02-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1782208538891, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-23, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1782208538891, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1782208538891, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1276238094940639467, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, year='2025', volume='46', issue='2', pageStart='247', pageEnd='489', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1740412800000', pubDateStr='2025-02-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1782208473191, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782208527160, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1276238321386909890, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276238094940639467, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1276238321386909891, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276238094940639467, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=278, endPage=291, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1276238370955203272, articleId=1276238370510607046, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=EN, title=Process of Root Development and Defense of Vanda coerulea Based on Metabolome and Transcriptome, columnId=1236256430337085821, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, columnName=Omics & Biotechnology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Vanda coerulea, an epiphytic plant with bare roots growing in air, has important value for orchid breeding and ornament. Exploring the development and defense mechanism of the aerial roots from the omics level can provide a theoretical basis for comprehensive understanding of the unique adaptation mechanism of aerial roots. In this study, we used three root sites with different developmental levels of V. coerulea aerial roots as materials, combined with transcriptomics and metabolomics, to reveal the development of different parts of V. coerulea roots and the defense mechanisms. Transcription-metabolism analysis showed that the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) were significantly enriched in the metabolic pathway, biosynthesis pathway of various secondary metabolites and pathway of plant hormone signaling in two comparison groups. Transcriptome analysis showed 11 995 DEGs between the meristematic (group A) and elongation (group B) zones of the root, with 6274 up-regulated and 5721 down-regulated. There were 3673 DEGs between the elongation (group B) and maturation zone (group C) of the root, with 1691 up-regulated and 1982 down-regulated. Metabolomic results revealed 102 DAMs between the two comparison groups, with 52 up-regulated and 50 down-regulated. In the development of roots, the relative expression levels of growth regulators such as auxin, gibberellins (GAs) and abscisic acid (ABA) had significant changes in different developmental stages of plant roots. In terms of defense mechanism, the genes related to the synthesis of alkaloids, flavonoids, and lignins were more expressed in the meristem and elongation zone of roots than in the mature zone. The results indicate that aerial roots development under the regulation of the above-mentioned hormones and accumulate a variety of secondary metabolites to improve defensive capabilities.

, authors=null, authorsList=Dongying DAN, Qiangyu LONG, Jiawei LI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Jiawei LI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1276238374398726876, articleId=1276238370510607046, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=CN, title=基于转录组和代谢组的大花万代兰根部发育、防御过程初探, columnId=1236256430517440904, journalTitle=热带作物学报, columnName=组学与生物技术, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

大花万代兰(Vanda coerulea),为附生型植物,根裸露在空气中生长,具有重要的观赏价值,也是兰花育种的重要亲本。从组学水平探究大花万代兰根的生长发育机制,能为全面了解气生根独特适应机制提供理论基础。本研究以大花万代兰气生根3个不同发育水平的根部位为材料,结合转录组和代谢组学,揭示大花万代兰根部不同部位的生长发育情况及其防御适应机制。转录代谢联合分析结果显示,2份对比组的差异表达基因(DEGs)和差异积累代谢物(DAMs)显著富集在代谢途径、各种次生代谢物的生物合成途径和植物激素信号传导等途径。转录组结果显示,根部分生区(A)与伸长区(B)有11 995个DEGs,上调6274个,下调5721个。伸长区(B)与成熟区(C)共有3673个DEGs,上调1691个,下调1982个。代谢组结果显示2份对比组DAMs共有102个,上调52个,下调50个。在根系的生长发育上,生长素(auxin)、赤霉素(GAs)、脱落酸(ABA)等相关基因在植物根部发育过程中有显著变化。在防御适应机制上,生物碱(alkaloids)、类黄酮(flavonoids)、木质素(lignins)等化合物合成相关基因在根的分生区和伸长区表达相对成熟区较多。说明气生根的发育受上述激素调控且积累较多种类的次生代谢物,提高自身的防御能力。

, authors=

淡冬莹(2000—),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:兰科植物生理生态适应机制。

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* 李佳蔚(LI Jiawei),E-mail:
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淡冬莹(2000—),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:兰科植物生理生态适应机制。

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Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology, 2014, 88: 52-60., articleTitle=Biological control mechanisms of D-pinitol against powdery mildew in cucumber, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1276238387849859867, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276238370510607046, awardId=31901092; 32260259, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金项目(31901092; 32260259), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1276238391373075228, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276238370510607046, awardId=2021GXNSFBA075059, language=CN, fundingSource=广西自然科学基金项目(2021GXNSFBA075059), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1276238374641996510, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276238370510607046, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276238374654579423, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276238370510607046, companyId=1276238374641996510, language=EN, 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articleId=1276238370510607046, companyId=1276238374998512357, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.南宁青秀山风景名胜旅游开发有限责任公司,广西南宁 530004)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1276238380480467715, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276238370510607046, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Volcano map of differential expressed genes, figureFileSmall=VStadPjP3uYVfxjeXhrDFg==, figureFileBig=+FpKi/zuM4fBPcBsD73iQA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276238382078497540, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276238370510607046, language=CN, label=图1, caption=DEGs火山图, figureFileSmall=VStadPjP3uYVfxjeXhrDFg==, figureFileBig=+FpKi/zuM4fBPcBsD73iQA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276238384100152069, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276238370510607046, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=KEGG enrichment pathway of DEGs, figureFileSmall=E1YkzMnF5SzMReSN6E/jJA==, figureFileBig=90tTNSybldOvibIpbles1g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276238384175649542, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276238370510607046, language=CN, label=图2, caption=DEGs的KEGG富集通路, figureFileSmall=E1YkzMnF5SzMReSN6E/jJA==, figureFileBig=90tTNSybldOvibIpbles1g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276238384242758407, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276238370510607046, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=GO enrichment analysis of DEGs, figureFileSmall=VKAB4HPujf46TNhB+o7fdA==, figureFileBig=rTjP73PnD6+NHrWtqCnn3g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276238384322450184, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276238370510607046, language=CN, label=图3, caption=DEGs的GO富集分析, figureFileSmall=VKAB4HPujf46TNhB+o7fdA==, figureFileBig=rTjP73PnD6+NHrWtqCnn3g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276238384402141961, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276238370510607046, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=KEGG-enrichment entries and metabolite-related gene network diagrams of two omics, figureFileSmall=pECrFC8Fm4nB40UNNJWnrw==, figureFileBig=CTTudnZEfhaOGunxT9el1A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276238384469250826, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276238370510607046, language=CN, label=图4, caption=两组学KEGG富集条目图、代谢物相关基因网络图, figureFileSmall=pECrFC8Fm4nB40UNNJWnrw==, figureFileBig=CTTudnZEfhaOGunxT9el1A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276238384603468555, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276238370510607046, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Auxin-related DEGs analysis

The positive value represents the up-regulation of the gene, and the negative value represents the down-regulation.

, figureFileSmall=Xa/VIgx0wM8N4NSILcM8sQ==, figureFileBig=9MrVNqn75WEhPUtjMUH4Jw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276238384670577420, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276238370510607046, language=CN, label=图5, caption=Auxin相关DEGs分析

正值代表代表该基因上调,负值代表下调。

, figureFileSmall=Xa/VIgx0wM8N4NSILcM8sQ==, figureFileBig=9MrVNqn75WEhPUtjMUH4Jw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276238384741880589, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276238370510607046, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=GAs, ABA-related DEGs analysis

The positive value represents the up-regulation of the gene, and the negative value represents the down-regulation.

, figureFileSmall=gkvx2f+0MBYnpV2IgnITAg==, figureFileBig=sNrTveNsRPTf7+Tz1T4x8w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276238384800600846, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276238370510607046, language=CN, label=图6, caption=GAs、ABA相关DEGs分析

正值代表代表该基因上调,负值代表下调。

, figureFileSmall=gkvx2f+0MBYnpV2IgnITAg==, figureFileBig=sNrTveNsRPTf7+Tz1T4x8w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276238384859321103, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276238370510607046, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=Alkaloids-related DEGs analysis

The positive value represents the up-regulation of the gene, and the negative value represents the down-regulation.

, figureFileSmall=Huflxy/JnuVEShjD4b4erw==, figureFileBig=VRwYDZdvRvQ99q8ByPfMyw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276238386700620560, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276238370510607046, language=CN, label=图7, caption=Alkaloids相关DEGs分析

正值代表代表该基因上调,负值代表下调。

, figureFileSmall=Huflxy/JnuVEShjD4b4erw==, figureFileBig=VRwYDZdvRvQ99q8ByPfMyw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276238386776118033, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276238370510607046, language=EN, label=Fig. 8, caption=Flavonoids-related DEGs analysis

The positive value represents the up-regulation of the gene, and the negative value represents the down-regulation.

, figureFileSmall=PajbCxFgjFWcDSU9VGPRpA==, figureFileBig=5FbXjQ572vFsngPAdn19VQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276238387115856659, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276238370510607046, language=CN, label=图8, caption=Flavonoids相关DEGs分析

正值代表代表该基因上调,负值代表下调。

, figureFileSmall=PajbCxFgjFWcDSU9VGPRpA==, figureFileBig=5FbXjQ572vFsngPAdn19VQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276238387187159829, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276238370510607046, language=EN, label=Fig. 9, caption=Lignin-related DEGs analysis

The positive value represents the up-regulation of the gene, and the negative value represents the down-regulation.

, figureFileSmall=cl2UC4a9fEPmmMSqELsmWQ==, figureFileBig=TLg3vhU3c/ReSPoshIEIIA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276238387266851606, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276238370510607046, language=CN, label=图9, caption=Lignin相关DEGs分析

正值代表代表该基因上调,负值代表下调。

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Quality of RNASeq

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样品名Sample原始reads Raw reads过滤后reads Clean reads高质量reads碱基总数Clean base/Gb整体测序错误率Error rate/%Q20/%Q30/%GC含量GC content/%
A144 494 87442 863 9486.430.0397.1692.2946.27
A247 855 63046 308 1886.950.0397.4492.7446.46
A348 179 71646 765 9147.010.0397.3092.6046.42
B148 572 59246 891 0307.030.0397.3792.5846.49
B243 319 59041 178 8846.180.0397.0892.1146.18
B346 426 98844 441 7286.670.0397.2692.5546.46
C146 147 90044 043 2226.610.0397.5192.9347.00
C246 618 80444 706 1606.710.0397.2792.5446.96
C347 619 32245 446 0006.820.0397.4793.0047.08
), ArticleFig(id=1276238387606590232, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276238370510607046, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

RNAseq质量

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样品名Sample原始reads Raw reads过滤后reads Clean reads高质量reads碱基总数Clean base/Gb整体测序错误率Error rate/%Q20/%Q30/%GC含量GC content/%
A144 494 87442 863 9486.430.0397.1692.2946.27
A247 855 63046 308 1886.950.0397.4492.7446.46
A348 179 71646 765 9147.010.0397.3092.6046.42
B148 572 59246 891 0307.030.0397.3792.5846.49
B243 319 59041 178 8846.180.0397.0892.1146.18
B346 426 98844 441 7286.670.0397.2692.5546.46
C146 147 90044 043 2226.610.0397.5192.9347.00
C246 618 80444 706 1606.710.0397.2792.5446.96
C347 619 32245 446 0006.820.0397.4793.0047.08
), ArticleFig(id=1276238387673699097, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276238370510607046, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Partial metabolite screening results

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基因ID Gene ID物质Compounds变量重要性投影VIP显著性PP-value差异倍数Fold_Change差异倍数对数Log2 (Fold Change)类型Type
Zmfn000481尿苷-5'-二磷酸-D-木糖1.24E+00/1.37E+009.46E-03/2.47E-031.19E-05/4.60E+04–1.64E+01/1.55E+01Down/Up
pme2074茉莉酰-L-异亮氨酸1.24E+00/1.37E+004.43E-03/4.07E-042.57E-03/7.38E+02-8.61E+00/9.53E+00Down/Up
mws2104D-松醇1.20E+00/1.36E+003.55E-03/1.80E-054.13E-01/4.70E+00–1.28E+00/2.23E+00Down/Up
pme2237半乳糖醇1.24E+00/1.37E+002.57E-02/3.33E-027.64E-05/2.21E+04–1.37E+01/1.44E+01Down/Up
mws1155D-甘露醇1.24E+00/1.37E+002.57E-02/3.33E-027.64E-05/2.21E+04–1.37E+01/1.44E+01Down/Up
MWSmce690异抗坏血酸1.24E+00/1.37E+007.77E-02/1.68E-027.05E-05/2.47E+04–1.38E+01/1.46E+01Down/Up
pmb2228溶血磷脂酰胆碱19:01.23E+00/1.33E+001.44E-04/2.29E-024.95E-01/2.40E+00–1.01E+00/1.26E+00Down/Up
pmb0856溶血磷脂酰乙醇胺18:1(2n异构)*1.02E+00/1.34E+001.25E-01/3.37E-034.14E-01/2.51E+00–1.27E+00/1.33E+00Down/Up
pmb27879-过氧-10E,12Z-十八碳二烯酸1.24E+00/1.37E+007.10E-02/7.10E-024.95E+04/2.02E-051.56E+01/–1.56E+01Up/Down
mws4134氧化谷胱甘肽1.24E+00/1.36E+003.65E-04/1.26E-021.75E-01/2.63E-01-2.51E+00/-1.93E+00Down/Down
Lmmn000214茄三糖1.21E+00/1.34E+001.68E-02/6.22E-044.45E-01/4.99E-01–1.17E+00/–1.00E+00Down/Down
MWS0952二氢鞘氨醇-1-磷酸1.23E+00/1.33E+003.32E-03/2.62E-021.53E-01/4.58E-01–2.71E+00/–1.13E+00Down/Down
Lmhp010757溶血磷脂酰乙醇胺20:21.23E+00/1.36E+004.87E-04/2.42E-035.82E+00/2.31E+002.54E+00/1.21E+00Up/Up
Lmhp010514溶血磷脂酰乙醇胺20:2(2n异构)1.22E+00/1.29E+008.37E-03/1.88E-025.30E+00/2.14E+002.40E+00/1.10E+00Up/Up
Lmbn007891羟基蓖麻油酸1.24E+00/1.37E+003.90E-05/1.04E-032.02E+01/3.13E+004.34E+00/1.65E+00Up/Up
Hmqn0030549,10,11-三羟基-12-十八碳烯酸1.24E+00/1.37E+004.56E-07/2.77E-034.51E+00/2.33E+002.17E+00/1.22E+00Up/Up
Lmqn008024磷脂酰丝氨酸(18:2)1.23E+00/1.35E+004.21E-04/5.15E-033.19E+00/2.26E+001.67E+00/1.18E+00Up/Up
), ArticleFig(id=1276238387749196570, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276238370510607046, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

部分代谢物筛选结果

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基因ID Gene ID物质Compounds变量重要性投影VIP显著性PP-value差异倍数Fold_Change差异倍数对数Log2 (Fold Change)类型Type
Zmfn000481尿苷-5'-二磷酸-D-木糖1.24E+00/1.37E+009.46E-03/2.47E-031.19E-05/4.60E+04–1.64E+01/1.55E+01Down/Up
pme2074茉莉酰-L-异亮氨酸1.24E+00/1.37E+004.43E-03/4.07E-042.57E-03/7.38E+02-8.61E+00/9.53E+00Down/Up
mws2104D-松醇1.20E+00/1.36E+003.55E-03/1.80E-054.13E-01/4.70E+00–1.28E+00/2.23E+00Down/Up
pme2237半乳糖醇1.24E+00/1.37E+002.57E-02/3.33E-027.64E-05/2.21E+04–1.37E+01/1.44E+01Down/Up
mws1155D-甘露醇1.24E+00/1.37E+002.57E-02/3.33E-027.64E-05/2.21E+04–1.37E+01/1.44E+01Down/Up
MWSmce690异抗坏血酸1.24E+00/1.37E+007.77E-02/1.68E-027.05E-05/2.47E+04–1.38E+01/1.46E+01Down/Up
pmb2228溶血磷脂酰胆碱19:01.23E+00/1.33E+001.44E-04/2.29E-024.95E-01/2.40E+00–1.01E+00/1.26E+00Down/Up
pmb0856溶血磷脂酰乙醇胺18:1(2n异构)*1.02E+00/1.34E+001.25E-01/3.37E-034.14E-01/2.51E+00–1.27E+00/1.33E+00Down/Up
pmb27879-过氧-10E,12Z-十八碳二烯酸1.24E+00/1.37E+007.10E-02/7.10E-024.95E+04/2.02E-051.56E+01/–1.56E+01Up/Down
mws4134氧化谷胱甘肽1.24E+00/1.36E+003.65E-04/1.26E-021.75E-01/2.63E-01-2.51E+00/-1.93E+00Down/Down
Lmmn000214茄三糖1.21E+00/1.34E+001.68E-02/6.22E-044.45E-01/4.99E-01–1.17E+00/–1.00E+00Down/Down
MWS0952二氢鞘氨醇-1-磷酸1.23E+00/1.33E+003.32E-03/2.62E-021.53E-01/4.58E-01–2.71E+00/–1.13E+00Down/Down
Lmhp010757溶血磷脂酰乙醇胺20:21.23E+00/1.36E+004.87E-04/2.42E-035.82E+00/2.31E+002.54E+00/1.21E+00Up/Up
Lmhp010514溶血磷脂酰乙醇胺20:2(2n异构)1.22E+00/1.29E+008.37E-03/1.88E-025.30E+00/2.14E+002.40E+00/1.10E+00Up/Up
Lmbn007891羟基蓖麻油酸1.24E+00/1.37E+003.90E-05/1.04E-032.02E+01/3.13E+004.34E+00/1.65E+00Up/Up
Hmqn0030549,10,11-三羟基-12-十八碳烯酸1.24E+00/1.37E+004.56E-07/2.77E-034.51E+00/2.33E+002.17E+00/1.22E+00Up/Up
Lmqn008024磷脂酰丝氨酸(18:2)1.23E+00/1.35E+004.21E-04/5.15E-033.19E+00/2.26E+001.67E+00/1.18E+00Up/Up
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基于转录组和代谢组的大花万代兰根部发育、防御过程初探
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淡冬莹 1 , 龙蔷宇 2, 3 , 李佳蔚 1, *
热带作物学报 | 组学与生物技术 2025,46(2): 278-291
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热带作物学报 |组学与生物技术 2025 , 46 (2) : 278 -291
基于转录组和代谢组的大花万代兰根部发育、防御过程初探
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淡冬莹(2000—),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:兰科植物生理生态适应机制。

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淡冬莹1, 龙蔷宇2, 3, 李佳蔚1, *
作者信息
  • 1.广西大学林学院/广西森林生态与保育重点实验室,广西南宁 530004
  • 2.南宁植物园,广西南宁 530029
  • 3.南宁青秀山风景名胜旅游开发有限责任公司,广西南宁 530004
通讯作者:
* 李佳蔚(LI Jiawei),E-mail:
Process of Root Development and Defense of Vanda coerulea Based on Metabolome and Transcriptome
Dongying DAN1, Qiangyu LONG2, 3, Jiawei LI1, *
Affiliations
  • 1.College of Forestry, Guangxi University / Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
  • 2.Nanning Botanical Garden, Nanning, Guangxi 530029, China
  • 3.Nanning Qingxiushan Scenic and Historic Tourism Development Co., Ltd, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
出版时间: 2025-02-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.02.004
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大花万代兰(Vanda coerulea),为附生型植物,根裸露在空气中生长,具有重要的观赏价值,也是兰花育种的重要亲本。从组学水平探究大花万代兰根的生长发育机制,能为全面了解气生根独特适应机制提供理论基础。本研究以大花万代兰气生根3个不同发育水平的根部位为材料,结合转录组和代谢组学,揭示大花万代兰根部不同部位的生长发育情况及其防御适应机制。转录代谢联合分析结果显示,2份对比组的差异表达基因(DEGs)和差异积累代谢物(DAMs)显著富集在代谢途径、各种次生代谢物的生物合成途径和植物激素信号传导等途径。转录组结果显示,根部分生区(A)与伸长区(B)有11 995个DEGs,上调6274个,下调5721个。伸长区(B)与成熟区(C)共有3673个DEGs,上调1691个,下调1982个。代谢组结果显示2份对比组DAMs共有102个,上调52个,下调50个。在根系的生长发育上,生长素(auxin)、赤霉素(GAs)、脱落酸(ABA)等相关基因在植物根部发育过程中有显著变化。在防御适应机制上,生物碱(alkaloids)、类黄酮(flavonoids)、木质素(lignins)等化合物合成相关基因在根的分生区和伸长区表达相对成熟区较多。说明气生根的发育受上述激素调控且积累较多种类的次生代谢物,提高自身的防御能力。

转录组  /  代谢组  /  大花万代兰  /  生长发育  /  植物防御机制

Vanda coerulea, an epiphytic plant with bare roots growing in air, has important value for orchid breeding and ornament. Exploring the development and defense mechanism of the aerial roots from the omics level can provide a theoretical basis for comprehensive understanding of the unique adaptation mechanism of aerial roots. In this study, we used three root sites with different developmental levels of V. coerulea aerial roots as materials, combined with transcriptomics and metabolomics, to reveal the development of different parts of V. coerulea roots and the defense mechanisms. Transcription-metabolism analysis showed that the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) were significantly enriched in the metabolic pathway, biosynthesis pathway of various secondary metabolites and pathway of plant hormone signaling in two comparison groups. Transcriptome analysis showed 11 995 DEGs between the meristematic (group A) and elongation (group B) zones of the root, with 6274 up-regulated and 5721 down-regulated. There were 3673 DEGs between the elongation (group B) and maturation zone (group C) of the root, with 1691 up-regulated and 1982 down-regulated. Metabolomic results revealed 102 DAMs between the two comparison groups, with 52 up-regulated and 50 down-regulated. In the development of roots, the relative expression levels of growth regulators such as auxin, gibberellins (GAs) and abscisic acid (ABA) had significant changes in different developmental stages of plant roots. In terms of defense mechanism, the genes related to the synthesis of alkaloids, flavonoids, and lignins were more expressed in the meristem and elongation zone of roots than in the mature zone. The results indicate that aerial roots development under the regulation of the above-mentioned hormones and accumulate a variety of secondary metabolites to improve defensive capabilities.

mranscriptome  /  metabolome  /  Vanda coerulea  /  development  /  plant defense mechanisms
淡冬莹, 龙蔷宇, 李佳蔚. 基于转录组和代谢组的大花万代兰根部发育、防御过程初探. 热带作物学报, 2025 , 46 (2) : 278 -291 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.02.004
Dongying DAN, Qiangyu LONG, Jiawei LI. Process of Root Development and Defense of Vanda coerulea Based on Metabolome and Transcriptome[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2025 , 46 (2) : 278 -291 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.02.004
兰科(Orchidaceae)是被子植物最大的科之一,具有观赏价值和药用价值,依其所属生态类型可分为地生兰、附生兰和腐生兰3类[1]。万代兰属(Vanda)植物属于附生兰,为单轴茎的热带兰,无假鳞茎,有明显茎干,坚固而直立,叶片革质,绿色。叶表面有较厚的角质层,具较强的抗旱性。其花形硕壮、花姿奔放、花色艳丽,花期较长,是世界知名的商品化兰花,也是世界重要的观赏兰花[2]。大花万代兰(Vanda coerulea)的花型较大,花色为浅紫或深蓝色,花期可持续约一个月,是万代兰属内杂交育种的重要亲本种质资源[3]。万代兰属植物茎上具多数粗壮的气生根,其肥厚的圆柱状气生根与空气直接接触。前人针对万代兰属植物气生根的成熟区的结构及光合生理已有一定研究,但对于其不同发育阶段的转录和代谢调控仍缺少研究。
根是植物固定和吸收水分、营养以支持植物生长和新陈代谢的主要器官,探究根的功能性状,是理解植物生理响应和适应机制的重要一环[4-5]。附生植物与地生植物最显著的差异在于根的生长环境缺少土壤的支持,为适应附生环境水分与养分的限制,尤其水分限制,附生兰科植物的根演化出一系列结构和生理特征来减少水分散失、提高水分快速吸收及增加水分存储。如多数附生型兰科植物的根最外层由根被结构覆盖[6],根被细胞成熟过程经历了与导管细胞类似的细胞程序化死亡过程,最终仅由细胞壁加厚的死细胞组成[7]。根被吸水达饱和非常迅速,且干燥时可减少根内水分蒸散,具有促进水分吸收及减少水分散失的功能[8-9]。生活在水分供应受限强烈地区的兰科植物的根,具有更厚的根被[10-12]。根的导管大小是影响水分运输的重要指标,附生型兰属(Cymbidium)植物的根较地生型植物,具有较大导管直径,说明附生兰科植物可通过提高水分吸收效率来适应水分供应受限的生境[11],部分附生兰科植物根肉质化,皮层细胞层数增多贮藏光合产物及水分,具有缓冲水分限制的功能[13-15]。对附生植物气生根发育过程中转录和代谢组学层次的研究,能为完整理解气生根的适应机制,以及附生植物的引种驯化和栽培育种提供理论支持。
生长素(auxin)作为植物生长发育重要的植物激素,可通过在根尖下表面细胞中积累抑制根尖向重力生长。赤霉素(GAs)可以促进主根的伸长,但会对侧根、不定根的发育产生负面影响。脱落酸(ABA)以浓度依赖和吲哚乙酸互作等方式调控植物根系生长[16]。上述植物激素不仅在根系发育上发挥作用,还与部分代谢物共同参与植物根系的防御机制。植物防御机制的建立主要依赖于植物次生代谢物,这些代谢物产物非常丰富且其功能多样化。据报道,生物碱(alkaloids)可以对捕食性昆虫产生毒性来保护植物[17],类黄酮(flavonoids)中的花青素可以保护植物免受干旱、温度的胁迫[18]。木质素(lignins)可减少病原体侵入和有害物质对植物的损害[19]。此外,植物激素也能与类黄酮等代谢物共同参与到植物抗逆胁迫当中,彼此制约或促进来维持植物的生命过程。
结合前人对于根生长调控的广泛研究基础,本研究针对大花万代兰气生根的分生区、伸长区和成熟区,进行高通量Illumina测序,探究大花万代兰根不同生长发育阶段的基因调控和代谢物积累变化差异,研究结果能为了解气生根不同阶段生长发育情况及其在植物防御过程中的作用提供理论基础。
本研究选取大花万代兰根尖为研究对象,采自广西农业科学研究院资源圃温室大棚。大棚夏季平均温度22~30 ℃,冬季平均温度8~10 ℃;平均湿度60%~70%。随机选取3~6株根尖发育良好有气生根的健康植株,取气生根时,在不损伤茎的前提下,距离茎部1 mm左右用枝剪剪下。剪下的根样品分为分生区(A)、伸长区(B)和成熟区(C),并立刻用液氮保存。
将大花万代兰根尖9个样本进行RNA提取与检测转录组测序。委托武汉迈维生物科技有限公司完成转录组测序。简要流程如下:使用琼脂糖凝胶电泳、NanoPhotometer分光光度计、Qubit 2.0荧光计、Agilent 2100生物分析仪检测RNA,合格后方可进行建库。建库起始RNA为total RNA,总量≥1 μg,建库试剂盒为Illumina的NEBNext® UltraTM RNA Library Prep Kit。使用qRT-PCR对文库有效浓度进行准确定量(文库有效浓度高于2 nmol/L),库检合格后,把不同文库按照有效浓度及目标下机数据量的需求pooling后进行Illumina测序。
使用fastp对原始数据进行过滤,后续所有分析均基于clean reads。使用RSEM软件计算转录本的表达量,使用Benjamini&Hochberg方法校正P值。校正后的P值以及|log2(Fold Change)|作为显著差异表达的阈值。基于超几何检验进行富集分析,KEGG富集分析以pathway为单位进行超几何分布检验,GO富集分析则基于GO term进行。
委托武汉迈维生物科技有限公司完成代谢组测定。简要流程如下:将冻干的材料用研磨机(MM 400,Retsch)研磨成粉末溶于甲醇萃取液中,离心10 min,去除未溶解残渣。样品提取液使用SCAA-104滤膜(0.22 μm,ANPE)和CNWBOND Carbon-GCB SPE滤盒(ANPEL)进行过滤。使用液相色谱-电喷雾电离-串联质谱(LC-ESI-MS:LC,Shim-pack UFLC Shimadzu CBM30A system;ESI,MS,Applied Biosystems 6500 QTRAP)系统进行检测。色谱分离采用ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18(1.8 mm,2.1 mm×100 mm;Waters)。
线性离子阱(LIT)和三重四极杆(QQQ)扫描在API 6500 QTRAP LC/MS/MS系统上进行,并由Analyst 1.6软件(AB Sciex)控制。通过参数值(m/z数据,保留时间和碎片)进行代谢物的鉴定,鉴定结果与数据库MetaWare(http://www.metware.cn/)进行比较和注释。差异积累代谢物(DAMs)的筛选标准:选取Fold Change≥2和Fold Change≤0.5且VIP≥1的代谢物。
结合转录组学和代谢组学,把结果相同组的差异表达基因(DEGs)及DAMs同时映射到KEGG条形图上,条形图展示了富集到某一途径的DAMs和DEGs的数目。通过网络图来表示DAMs与DEGs之间的相关关系,图中不同组学的物质用不同的形状标出。为进一步研究植物根部不同部位生长发育及其防御机制,在差异表达阈值设定为Padj≤0.05,|Log2(Fold Change)|≥1的基础上筛选出植物次生代谢、植物激素等相关DEGs。
使用Excel、Origin软件分析数据。
将大花万代兰根部进行转录组测序分析,共获得419 235 416条raw reads,数据过滤生成平均4473.8万个clean reads,平均每个样品得到6.71 Gb clean_bases,Q20碱基百分比为97.08%~97.51%,Q30碱基百分比为92.11%~93.00%,数据整体测序错误率为0.03%,低于1.00%(表1)。
根据RNAseq结果,筛选DEGs。A vs B共有11 995个差异表达基因,上调6274个,下调5721个。B vs C共有3673个差异表达基因,上调1691个,下调1982个(图1)。
对unigenes进行注释后,根据其参与的KEGG途径进行分类。结果显示,共有48 513条参与包括细胞过程、环境信号处理、遗传信息处理、代谢和生物系统的KEGG途径,并且在A vs B和B vs C分别富集了142条和136条KEGG途径,选取富集分析结果中q-value最低的50条KEGG途径,绘制富集条目柱形图(图2A)。在A vs B中DEGs最多的前5条KEGG途径为代谢途径、次生代谢物的生物合成途径、植物激素信号转导途径、植物-病原体相互作用途径、淀粉和蔗糖代谢途径。在B vs C中DEGs最多的前5条KEGG途径为代谢途径、次生代谢物的生物合成途径、植物-病原体相互作用途径、植物激素信号转导途径和苯丙烷类生物合成途径。2个比较组途径的差异为淀粉和蔗糖代谢途径、苯丙烷类生物合成途径。
选取富集最显著的20条途径绘制KEGG富集散点图(图2B)。在A vs B中DEGs显著富集Top 5的途径为植物激素信号转导途径、各种植物次生代谢的生物合成途径、类黄酮生物合成途径、角质(木栓素、蜡)生物合成途径和苯丙烷类生物合成途径。
而在B vs C富集Top 20条途径中,DEGs显著富集Top5的途径为植物-病原体相互作用途径、苯丙烷类生物合成途径、次生代谢物的生物合成途径、各种植物次生代谢的生物合成以及角质(木栓素、蜡)生物合成途径。2个比较组最显著富集途径的差异为植物激素信号转导途径、类黄酮生物合成途径以及次生代谢物的生物合成途径。
对大花万代兰根部转录组的unigenes进行GO注释,结果显示54 044(34.84%)条unigenes被注释到GO数据库,并被划分到GO的三大类中。富集结果显示,2组unigenes都以生物过程大类中的细胞过程、代谢过程等为主;在细胞组分大类中,富集于细胞解剖实体和含蛋白质的复合物;在分子功能大类中,以结合、催化活性为主(图3A)。
按生物过程、分子功能和细胞组分功能群对根部不同区域产生的DEGs进行GO功能富集分析。结果表明,在A vs B中,上调基因主要富集于生物过程的细胞过程、代谢过程和刺激响应过程;细胞组分的细胞解剖实体以及分子功能大类中的结合、催化活性。下调基因主要富集于生物过程的细胞过程、代谢过程和生物调控过程;细胞组分的细胞解剖实体以及分子功能大类中的结合、催化活性。在B vs C中,上调和下调基因都主要富集于生物过程的细胞过程、代谢过程和刺激响应过程;细胞组分的细胞解剖实体以及分子功能大类中的结合、催化活性(图3B)。
基于UPLC-MS/MS检测平台和自建数据库共检测到2个比较组显著DAMs共有102个,上调52个,下调50个。其中氨基酸及其衍生物、核苷酸及其衍生物、有机酸、甘油酯、鞘脂、溶血磷脂酰胆碱、溶血磷脂酰乙醇胺、游离脂肪酸、糖类和维生素在A vs B分别上调6、4、0、1、0、1、2、10、0、1个,下调5、4、5、6、2、2、1、4、6、1个。在B vs C分别上调3、1、0、5、0、6、4、4、3、1个,下调6、1、3、0、1、0、0、1、2、0个。DAMs涉及到氨基酸及其衍生物、核苷酸及其衍生物、有机酸、甘油酯、鞘脂、溶血磷脂酰胆碱、溶血磷脂酰乙醇胺、游离脂肪酸、糖类和维生素十类。
从上述十类代谢产物中,关注到磷脂酰丝氨酸(18:2)(Lmqn008024)、溶血磷脂酰乙醇胺20:2(Lmhp010757)、溶血磷脂酰乙醇胺20:2(2n异构)(Lmhp010514)、羟基蓖麻油酸(Lmbn007891)、9,10,11-三羟基-12-十八碳烯酸(Hmqn003054)在A vs B和B vs C中均上调表达。氧化谷胱甘肽(mws413)、茄三糖(Lmmn000214)、二氢鞘氨醇-1-磷酸(MWS0952)在A vs B和B vs C中均下调表达。
尿苷-5'-二磷酸-D-木糖(Zmfn000481)、茉莉酰-L-异亮氨酸(pme2074)、D-松醇(mws2104)、半乳糖醇(pme2237)、D-甘露醇(mws1155)、异抗坏血酸(MWSmce690)、溶血磷脂酰胆碱19:0(pmb2228)、溶血磷脂酰乙醇胺18:1(2n异构)*(pmb0856)在A vs B中下调表达,B vs C中上调表达。9-过氧-10E,12Z-十八碳二烯酸(pmb2787)在A vs B上调表达,B vs C中下调表达(表2)。
利用两组学共同富集到的KEGG pathway绘制条形图,对于共有KEGG pathway数目超过25的,以转录组为准,只展示P-value排名前25的途径。结果表明2个比较组的DEGs和DAMs显著富集在代谢途径、次生代谢物的生物合成途径和植物激素信号传导途径(图4A)。筛选与上述代谢物相关的皮尔逊系数大于0.80且P-value小于0.05的DEGs绘制相关性网络图(图4B)。
综上所述,结合KEGG、GO富集分析结果得出,根系发育是一个十分复杂的过程,涉及到植物激素信号转导途径、次生代谢物的生物合成途径、类黄酮生物合成途径、苯丙烷类生物合成途径、代谢途径、角质(木栓素、蜡)生物合成途径、植物-病原体相互作用、细胞过程、代谢过程、细胞解剖实体和含蛋白质的复合物等过程。
从A vs B、B vs C两个比较组中筛选到与生长素(auxin)有关的DEGs分别有264、83个,上调基因分别有127、35个,下调基因分别为137、48个。生长素响应因子(auxin response factor,ARF)在A vs B、B vs C中总体均下调表达,生长素外排PIN家族蛋白(auxin efflux carrier family protein,PIN)在A vs B中总体呈现下调表达,而在B vs C中上调表达,生长素响应IAA蛋白(auxin-responsive protein,IAA)在A vs B中总体呈现上调表达,而在B vs C中呈现下调表达(图5)。
从A vs B、B vs C两个比较组中筛选到与赤霉素(GAs)有关的DEGs分别有72、18个。上调基因分别有37、11个,下调基因分别有35、7个。其中,有赤霉素受体GID1(gibberellin receptor,GID1)家族基因GID1B-like(A)在A vs B中上调表达,而在B vs C中下调表达,GID1C(A)、GID1C-like isoform X1(A)基因在A vs B中下调表达,B vs C中上调表达(图6)。
从A vs B、B vs C两个比较组中筛选到与脱落酸(ABA)相关DEGs分别有289、99个。上调基因分别有172、54个,下调基因分别为117、45个。其中,丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶SRK2(serine/threonine-protein kinase,SRK2)、蛋白磷酸酶2C(protein phosphatase 2C,PP2C)相关基因在A vs B中总体呈现上调表达,而在B vs C中呈现下调表达(图6)。
综上表明,植物根部不同区域的生长发育有显著差异,上述基因的上调、下调表达在调控根部发育过程中发挥着重要作用。
从A vs B、B vs C两个比较组中筛选到与生物碱(alkaloids)有关的DEGs分别有95、34个,上调基因分别有66、14个,下调基因分别有29、20个。其中,托品酮还原酶(tropinone reductase I,TR-I)、3-O-乙酰丙烷氧烷羧酸酯酶(3-O-acetylpapaveroxine carboxylesterase,CXE1)相关基因在A vs B总体呈现上调表达,而在B vs C呈现下调表达(图7)。
从A vs B、B vs C两个比较组中筛选到与类黄酮(flavonoids)有关的DEGs分别有151、58个,上调基因分别有71、23个,下调基因分别为80、35个。其中,类黄酮3'-单加氧酶(flavonoid 3'-monooxygenase)家族基因在A vs B中总体下调表达,而在B vs C中上调表达,黄酮醇合酶(flavonol synthase,FLS)、双功能二氢黄酮醇4-还原酶(bifunctional dihydroflavonol 4-reductase,DFR)、花青素合酶(anthocyanidin synthase,ANS)基因总体在2组中均下调表达,异黄酮(isoflavone)基因总体2组中均上调表达(图8)。
筛选与木质素(Lignins)有关的DEGs。A vs B、B vs C中分别有75、57个,上调基因分别有64、22个,下调基因分别有11、35个。关注到咖啡酰辅酶A-O-甲基转移酶(Caffeoyl-CoA-3-O-methyltransferase,CCoAOMT)、过氧化物酶(Peroxidase,PRX)、阿魏酸-5-羟化酶(Ferulate-5-hydroxylase,F5H)、肉桂酰辅酶A还原酶(Cinnamoyl-CoA reductase,CCR)相关基因在A vs B中总体呈现上调表达,而在B vs C中呈现下调表达(图9)。
植物激素在植物的生长发育比如胚胎形成、种子萌发、形态建成、果实成熟以及器官衰老等,以及在抵抗环境胁迫,比如干旱、盐碱、高温、寒冷和洪水等非生物胁迫中发挥重要的调控作用[20],它主要由植物激素信号传导途径产生。植物典型5类激素主要包括生长素(auxin)、赤霉素(GAs)、细胞分裂素(cytokinin)、脱落酸(ABA)和乙烯(ethylene)。植物在长期的进化当中为了抵抗环境胁迫已经进化出复杂的机制来感知和响应外部压力[21]。本研究富集结果表明在大花万代兰根部分生区和伸长区产生了大量的植物激素来刺激根的生长发育以及抵抗环境胁迫。
Auxin作为植物生长发育重要的植物激素,参与了根的生长过程。生长素响应因子(ARF)可以与IAA蛋白相互作用来调控auxin反应基因的表达,而生长素外排载体(PIN)家族的成员也被证明处于Aux/IAA和ARF的控制之下。IAA、ARF、PIN蛋白相互作用有助于维持Auxin稳态[22]。本研究中,Auxin相关基因的大量表达表明,其在大花万代兰气生根的发育发挥着重要作用,而ARF在A vs B、B vs C中均下调表达。PIN蛋白在A vs B中下调表达,而在B vs C中上调表达。IAA蛋白在A vs B中上调表达,而在B vs C中下调表达。说明auxin在气生根中的反应极其复杂,这与前人在植物根部研究中的现象一致,可能与IAA、ARF、PIN蛋白的相互作用有关,三者的相互调控共同维持auxin稳态,促进气生根的生长发育。
GAs是四环二萜类化合物[23],在植物生长发育中有着重要的作用,它能够影响根系发育,促进植株根茎的伸长,且较高水平的GA限制植株根系生长。研究表明,GA可以促进主根的伸长,但会对侧根、不定根的发育产生负面影响[24]。赤霉素受体(GID1)是植物GA中重要的受体之一,被鉴定为可溶性GA受体[25],并且GID1家族有3个受体基因GID1a、GID1b和GID1c,其中GID1b被证明在根系中的表达非常强烈[26]。GA-GID1复合物可以引起生长抑制因子DELLA蛋白的快速分解来促进植物生长,DELLA是核转录调节因子,可抑制GA信号转导,通过在内胚层中表达稳定的DELLA突变蛋白从而抑制根伸长[27-28]。本研究GID1B-like(A)基因在根部的强烈表达与前人结果一致,其在A vs B中上调表达,B vs C中下调表达,这一结果证明了该基因在根系伸长区部分含量较高,并且GID1B-like(A)很可能在根部作为主要的GA结合受体参与到GA-GID1的过程中引起DELLA蛋白的快速分解来促进植物生长。
ABA是一种主要的非生物应激反应激素,可以与auxin、GA等共同调节植物根系的发育并且在维持根分生组织活性和细胞伸长方面起着重要作用。研究表明ABA通过激活auxin生物合成基因的表达来促进auxin在根系中的积累,ABA处理减小了根分生组织大小、分生组织区细胞数和成熟区细胞长度,从而限制了根系伸长[29]。ABA对根毛伸长的影响很大程度上取决于主要的PYR/PP2C/SnRK2信号途径,拟南芥PID编码丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶(SNF1相关蛋白激酶2,SnRK2蛋白),该激酶通过控制PIN的亚细胞定位来调节生长素的再分布,特别是在根尖部分,在ABA处理后,几乎所有这些auxin生物合成基因在根尖上调[30]。蛋白磷酸酶PP2C作为ABA受体被诱导,PP2C能够通过接触使ABA信号的正调节因子SnRK2发生去磷酸化作用而失活[31]。本研究丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶(SRK2)、蛋白磷酸酶(PP2C)相关基因在A vs B中上调,而在B vs C中下调,进一步验证了SRK2和PP2C的互作反应主要发生于植物伸长区部分,可能是通过SRK2促进auxin在该区域的积累,而PP2C使得SRK2失活这一相互作用来控制根部伸长区的伸长。
植物次生代谢途径主要产生植物次生代谢物,在植物响应环境变化过程中起到非常重要的作用。植物的次生代谢产物非常丰富,研究发现次生代谢物的功能是多样化的,它们可以促进植物生长发育、建立植物的防御机制[32],保护植物免受病虫害等。目前从植物分离获得的次生代谢产物主要分为三大类:包括含苯环结构的苯丙烷类、异戊烯基的萜类以及含氮的生物碱。在本实验中GO显著富集于生物过程的代谢过程并结合KEGG富集表明大花万代兰根部会产生大量的次生代谢物,这些代谢物在植物-环境相互作用、植物-微生物相互作用以及促进根的生长发育上发挥调控作用。
苯丙烷途径由芳香族氨基酸苯丙氨酸和酪氨酸开始,由莽草酸途径合成[33],是一条重要的植物次生代谢途径,其产物主要包括lignins、flavonoids和酚类化合物等,通过产生抵御病原物侵染的物理和化学屏障,在植物应答逆境胁迫中扮演着重要的角色,使植物对外界生物和非生物胁迫产生一定的抗性作用。在本实验中GO和KEGG富集表明在A vs B、B vs C中,苯丙烷途径都是最显著富集之一的途径,表明大花万代兰根尖处在发育阶段组织机械强度比较弱的情况下,可通过化学防御应对外部胁迫。
Alkaloids是天然存在的特性代谢物,氮是其化学结构中存在的特征元素,其表现出广泛的生物学特性,可以为植物进行固氮来应对环境胁迫,包括生物和非生物反应,如可以对蜜蜂、蜡螟等捕食性昆虫产生毒性[17]。此外,紫外线UV-B还可以引起玫瑰花根毛alkaloid含量的增加以保护植物免受辐射伤害[34]。除非生物因素外,植物激素对于alkaloid也具有一定的调控作用[35-36]。Alkaloid被合成的过程中有大量不同的酶作为底物参与合成过程并且发生一系列的催化反应,例如氧化、还原、酰化等,这阐释了本研究托品酮还原酶(TR-I)、3-O-乙酰丙烷氧烷羧酸酯酶(CXE1)在根部中的诱导表达以及GO富集结果中的DEGs在A vs B、B vs C中均显著富集在分子功能大类中的酶的结合、催化活性上,TR-I和CXE1在A vs B中上调,而在B vs C中下调表达,表明根部伸长区正在发生大量与alkaloid有关的植物抗逆防御反应,而在根的成熟区这些反应可能变慢或不显著。
Flavonoids由苯丙烷类化合物和聚酮类化合物途径合成[33],是一种包含10000多种结构的次生代谢物,广泛存在于植物界当中[37]。根据其基本骨架的结构,可以分为不同的类别,如查尔酮、黄酮醇和花青素[38]。在自然界中,flavonoid参与了许多生物过程,例如黄酮醇不仅能作为信号分子与植物激素共同调控植物根系的发育[39-40]还能对干旱和盐胁迫作出响应[41];光照、温度、干旱等可以诱导花青素的表达以保护植物免受各种环境的胁迫[18]。Flavonoid能够在植物与环境、植物与微生物的相互作用中起到重要作用。本研究中,FLS、ANS在A vs B、B vs C中均下调表达,表明其在根部分生区的含量较高,说明flavonoid类化合物对于分生区的保护作用尤为重要。成熟区由于根被的成熟,机械强度增加,防御相关化合物的积累显著较少。
Lignins是植物细胞壁的主要成分之一,是一种天然酚类聚合物,分子量高,组成结构复杂。其生物合成广泛有助于抗倒伏性以及对各种生物和非生物胁迫的反应[42]。植物细胞壁是抵御外界危害的第一道屏障,其中lignin能够提供植物在面对外部环境压力和侵袭时的抗性和防御机制,增强植物的抗性,减少病原体侵入和有害物质对植物的损害。因此,lignin与植物抗病、抗虫、耐热、耐寒等胁迫有一定关系[19]。研究表明,在水分胁迫下lignin中咖啡酰辅酶A-O-甲基转移酶(CCoAOMT)在大豆根部伸长区显著上调,这可能是与木质部木质化的增加从而限制根部水分流失有关[43]。此外,肉桂酰辅酶A还原酶(CCR)基因是lignin生物合成的关键基因,在植物伤口或病原体感染等条件下诱导,并且与干旱胁迫和盐胁迫都有很强的相关性[44]。本研究中的CCoAOMT、CCR在A vs B中上调表达,而在B vs C中下调表达,这与前人在大豆根部的研究结果一致,说明在植物根伸长区,根的维管组织成熟,需积累较多木质素,且木质素中抗胁迫、抗病原体等作用在这发育过程可能发挥着关键作用。
大花万代兰气生根在面临外界生物和非生物胁迫时会通过调控相关基因和代谢物进行防御。Alkaloids、flavonoids、lignins在建立根系防御机制上发挥了重要作用,可以保护植物免受病虫害、温度、光照、辐射等胁迫伤害。在根系的生长发育上,auxin、GAs、ABA是重要的植物激素,参与植物根部分生、伸长等过程。从DEGs和DAMs在不同部位的数量可以看出,根的分生区和伸长区反应活跃,代谢物较多,并且这些代谢物参与了植物防御机制的建立、植物代谢过程以及植物激素信号转导等植物生命过程,如半乳糖醇、D-松醇可以增加植物防御相关基因的表达等[45-46]。本研究结果为万代兰根部发育的后续研究提供有力支持。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(31901092; 32260259)
  • 广西自然科学基金项目(2021GXNSFBA075059)
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2025年第46卷第2期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.02.004
  • 接收时间:2024-09-14
  • 首发时间:2026-06-23
  • 出版时间:2025-02-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-09-14
  • 修回日期:2024-10-18
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(31901092; 32260259)
广西自然科学基金项目(2021GXNSFBA075059)
作者信息
    1.广西大学林学院/广西森林生态与保育重点实验室,广西南宁 530004
    2.南宁植物园,广西南宁 530029
    3.南宁青秀山风景名胜旅游开发有限责任公司,广西南宁 530004

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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