Article(id=1276601454995575668, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276601397818814642, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.01.021, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1725465600000, receivedDateStr=2024-09-05, revisedDate=1726761600000, revisedDateStr=2024-09-20, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1782295104978, onlineDateStr=2026-06-24, pubDate=1737734400000, pubDateStr=2025-01-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1782295104978, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1782295104978, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1782295104978, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1276601397818814642, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, year='2025', volume='46', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='245', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1737734400000', pubDateStr='2025-01-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1782295091347, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782295207335, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1276601884408418422, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276601397818814642, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1276601884408418423, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276601397818814642, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=202, endPage=211, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1276601455456949110, articleId=1276601454995575668, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=EN, title=Pest Risk Analysis for the Importation of Pepper Seedlings, columnId=1236292524264968282, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, columnName=Plant Protection & Bio-safety, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In this study, the potential hazards of pests carried by pepper seedlings exported to China were analyzed and evaluated, which provided theoretical basis for the quarantine department to formulate risk management strategies. By consulting research progress at home and abroad, a total of 127 species of pests that may be transmitted to peppers imported into China were identified, including 27 species of fungi, 6 species of bacteria, 24 species of nematodes, 68 species of insects, and 2 species of weeds. Based on the distribution in China (undistributed or not widely distributed), whether they are officially controlled, and the possibility of being carried with pepper seedlings, 14 potential quarantine pests were identified that require further evaluation, including 5 species of fungi, 2 species of bacteria, 2 species of nematodes, 5 species of insects. The 14 potential quarantine pests were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed one by one in terms of entry, colonization, diffusion possibility, economic impact and multi-index comprehensive evaluation. The results showed that there were 4 extremely high-risk pests, 9 high-risk pests, and 1 medium risk pest. Finally, it was determined that the 14 pests such as Pyrrhoderma noxium were quarantine pests concerned by China when pepper seedlings were imported into China, and the risk management plan was proposed.

, authors=null, authorsList=Jun WANG, Pingya CHEN, Jian LIU, You ZHOU, Junsheng HUANG, Changcong LIANG, Laying YANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Laying YANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1276601458241966974, articleId=1276601454995575668, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=CN, title=输华胡椒种苗传带有害生物的风险分析研究, columnId=1236292524520820846, journalTitle=热带作物学报, columnName=植物保护与生物安全, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

对输华胡椒种苗传带有害生物的潜在危害开展风险分析和评估,为检疫部门制定风险管理策略提供理论依据。通过查阅国内外相关研究进展,确定境外输华胡椒中可能传带的有害生物共有127种,包括真菌27种、细菌6种、线虫24种、昆虫68种、杂草2种。根据在中国的分布情况(未分布或分布未广)、是否官方管制、随胡椒种苗携带的可能性进行评估,确定需要进一步评估的潜在检疫性有害生物14种,包括真菌5种,细菌2种,线虫2种,昆虫5种。从入境、定殖、扩散可能性、经济影响和多指标综合评价方面对这14种潜在的检疫性有害生物进行定性和定量分析,结果表明,极高风险有害生物4种、高风险有害生物9种、中风险有害生物1种。最终确定有害红皮孔菌(Pyrrhoderma noxium)等14种有害生物为输华胡椒种苗需关注的检疫性有害生物,并提出风险管理方案。

, authors=

汪军(1981—),男,博士,助理研究员,研究方向:有害生物风险分析和生物防治。

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* 杨腊英(YANG Laying),E-mail:
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汪军(1981—),男,博士,助理研究员,研究方向:有害生物风险分析和生物防治。

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汪军(1981—),男,博士,助理研究员,研究方向:有害生物风险分析和生物防治。

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(in Chinese), articleTitle=Risk analysis of South American leaf blight of rubber trees invading China, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276601893749133514, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601454995575668, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=31, issue=1, pageStart=41, pageEnd=45, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[58], rfOrder=82, authorNames=闫超杰, 付海滨, 胡姝, journalName=生物安全学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=闫超杰, 付海滨, 胡姝. 树莓疫霉根腐病入侵我国的风险分析[J]. 生物安全学报, 2022, 31(1): 41-45., articleTitle=树莓疫霉根腐病入侵我国的风险分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276601893816242379, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601454995575668, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=31, issue=1, pageStart=41, pageEnd=45, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[58], rfOrder=83, authorNames=YAN C J, FU H B, HU S, journalName=Journal of Biosafety, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YAN C J, FU H B, HU S. 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(in Chinese), articleTitle=Risk analysis of Radopholus similis invading Guangxi, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276601895628181710, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601454995575668, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=44, issue=2, pageStart=78, pageEnd=82, 86, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[60], rfOrder=86, authorNames=谢传峰, 商明清, 金扬秀, 张德满, 杜小康, 张小冬, 朱佩群, journalName=中国植保导刊, refType=null, unstructuredReference=谢传峰, 商明清, 金扬秀, 张德满, 杜小康, 张小冬, 朱佩群. 扶桑绵粉蚧入侵山东的风险分析及管控对策[J]. 中国植保导刊, 2024, 44(2): 78-82, 86., articleTitle=扶桑绵粉蚧入侵山东的风险分析及管控对策, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276601895707873487, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601454995575668, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=44, issue=2, pageStart=78, pageEnd=82, 86, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[60], rfOrder=87, authorNames=XIE C F, SHANG M Q, JIN Y X, ZHANG D M, DU X K, ZHANG X D, ZHU P Q, journalName=China Plant Protection, refType=null, unstructuredReference=XIE C F, SHANG M Q, JIN Y X, ZHANG D M, DU X K, ZHANG X D, ZHU P Q. Risk analysis and control countermeasures of the invasion of Phenacoccus solenopsis in Shandong[J]. China Plant Protection, 2024, 44(2): 78-82, 86. 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List of potential quarantine pests (QP) to be further assessed

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号No.中文名Chinese name学名Scientific name编号No.中文名Chinese name学名Scientific name
1有害红皮孔菌Pyrrhoderma noxium8香蕉穿孔线虫Radopholus similis
2辣椒疫霉Phytophthora capsici9短小根结线虫Meloidogyne exigua
3油棕猝倒病菌Globisporangium splendens10海灰翅夜蛾Spodoptera littoralis
4腐皮镰孢胡椒专化型Fusarium solani f.sp. piperis11蔗根象Diaprepes abbreviatus
5菜豆拟茎点霉Phomopsis phaseoli12无花果蜡蚧Ceroplastes rusci
6地毯草黄单胞菌胡椒致病变种Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. betlicola13木瓜秀粉蚧Paracoccus marginatus
7丁香假单胞菌丁香致病变种Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae14茶刺盲蝽Helopeltis theivora
), ArticleFig(id=1276601883603112046, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601454995575668, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

需要进一步评估的潜在检疫性有害生物(QP)名单

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号No.中文名Chinese name学名Scientific name编号No.中文名Chinese name学名Scientific name
1有害红皮孔菌Pyrrhoderma noxium8香蕉穿孔线虫Radopholus similis
2辣椒疫霉Phytophthora capsici9短小根结线虫Meloidogyne exigua
3油棕猝倒病菌Globisporangium splendens10海灰翅夜蛾Spodoptera littoralis
4腐皮镰孢胡椒专化型Fusarium solani f.sp. piperis11蔗根象Diaprepes abbreviatus
5菜豆拟茎点霉Phomopsis phaseoli12无花果蜡蚧Ceroplastes rusci
6地毯草黄单胞菌胡椒致病变种Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. betlicola13木瓜秀粉蚧Paracoccus marginatus
7丁香假单胞菌丁香致病变种Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae14茶刺盲蝽Helopeltis theivora
), ArticleFig(id=1276601883670220911, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601454995575668, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Qualitative risk assessment of potential quarantine pests (QP)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号No.中文名Chinese name进入可能性Entry possibility定殖可能性Colonization possibility扩散可能性Diffusion possibility经济影响Economic impact整体风险Overall risk
1有害红皮孔菌
2辣椒疫霉
3油棕猝倒病菌
4腐皮镰孢胡椒专化型
5菜豆拟茎点霉
6地毯草黄单胞菌胡椒致病变种
7丁香假单胞菌丁香致病变种
8香蕉穿孔线虫
9短小根结线虫
10海灰翅夜蛾
11蔗根象
12木瓜秀粉蚧
13无花果蜡蚧
14茶刺盲蝽
), ArticleFig(id=1276601883737329776, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601454995575668, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

潜在的检疫性有害生物(QP)定性风险评估

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号No.中文名Chinese name进入可能性Entry possibility定殖可能性Colonization possibility扩散可能性Diffusion possibility经济影响Economic impact整体风险Overall risk
1有害红皮孔菌
2辣椒疫霉
3油棕猝倒病菌
4腐皮镰孢胡椒专化型
5菜豆拟茎点霉
6地毯草黄单胞菌胡椒致病变种
7丁香假单胞菌丁香致病变种
8香蕉穿孔线虫
9短小根结线虫
10海灰翅夜蛾
11蔗根象
12木瓜秀粉蚧
13无花果蜡蚧
14茶刺盲蝽
), ArticleFig(id=1276601883804438641, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601454995575668, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

Quantitative risk assessment of potential quarantine pests (QP)

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), ArticleFig(id=1276601883942850674, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601454995575668, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

潜在的检疫性有害生物(QP)定量风险评估

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输华胡椒种苗传带有害生物的风险分析研究
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汪军 1 , 陈平亚 3 , 刘建 2 , 周游 1 , 黄俊生 1 , 梁昌聪 1 , 杨腊英 1, *
热带作物学报 | 植物保护与生物安全 2025,46(1): 202-211
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热带作物学报 |植物保护与生物安全 2025 , 46 (1) : 202 -211
输华胡椒种苗传带有害生物的风险分析研究
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汪军1, 陈平亚3, 刘建2, 周游1, 黄俊生1, 梁昌聪1, 杨腊英1, *
作者信息
  • 1.中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所,海南海口 571101
  • 2.中华人民共和国菏泽海关,山东菏泽 274000
  • 3.海口海关技术中心,海南海口 570311
通讯作者:
* 杨腊英(YANG Laying),E-mail:
Pest Risk Analysis for the Importation of Pepper Seedlings
Jun WANG1, Pingya CHEN3, Jian LIU2, You ZHOU1, Junsheng HUANG1, Changcong LIANG1, Laying YANG1, *
Affiliations
  • 1.Institute of Environment and Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China
  • 2.Heze Customs, People’s Republic of China, Heze, Shandong 274000, China
  • 3.Haikou Customs Technical Center, Haikou, Hainan 570311, China
出版时间: 2025-01-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.01.021
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对输华胡椒种苗传带有害生物的潜在危害开展风险分析和评估,为检疫部门制定风险管理策略提供理论依据。通过查阅国内外相关研究进展,确定境外输华胡椒中可能传带的有害生物共有127种,包括真菌27种、细菌6种、线虫24种、昆虫68种、杂草2种。根据在中国的分布情况(未分布或分布未广)、是否官方管制、随胡椒种苗携带的可能性进行评估,确定需要进一步评估的潜在检疫性有害生物14种,包括真菌5种,细菌2种,线虫2种,昆虫5种。从入境、定殖、扩散可能性、经济影响和多指标综合评价方面对这14种潜在的检疫性有害生物进行定性和定量分析,结果表明,极高风险有害生物4种、高风险有害生物9种、中风险有害生物1种。最终确定有害红皮孔菌(Pyrrhoderma noxium)等14种有害生物为输华胡椒种苗需关注的检疫性有害生物,并提出风险管理方案。

胡椒种苗  /  有害生物  /  风险分析

In this study, the potential hazards of pests carried by pepper seedlings exported to China were analyzed and evaluated, which provided theoretical basis for the quarantine department to formulate risk management strategies. By consulting research progress at home and abroad, a total of 127 species of pests that may be transmitted to peppers imported into China were identified, including 27 species of fungi, 6 species of bacteria, 24 species of nematodes, 68 species of insects, and 2 species of weeds. Based on the distribution in China (undistributed or not widely distributed), whether they are officially controlled, and the possibility of being carried with pepper seedlings, 14 potential quarantine pests were identified that require further evaluation, including 5 species of fungi, 2 species of bacteria, 2 species of nematodes, 5 species of insects. The 14 potential quarantine pests were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed one by one in terms of entry, colonization, diffusion possibility, economic impact and multi-index comprehensive evaluation. The results showed that there were 4 extremely high-risk pests, 9 high-risk pests, and 1 medium risk pest. Finally, it was determined that the 14 pests such as Pyrrhoderma noxium were quarantine pests concerned by China when pepper seedlings were imported into China, and the risk management plan was proposed.

pepper seedlings  /  pest  /  risk analysis
汪军, 陈平亚, 刘建, 周游, 黄俊生, 梁昌聪, 杨腊英. 输华胡椒种苗传带有害生物的风险分析研究. 热带作物学报, 2025 , 46 (1) : 202 -211 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.01.021
Jun WANG, Pingya CHEN, Jian LIU, You ZHOU, Junsheng HUANG, Changcong LIANG, Laying YANG. Pest Risk Analysis for the Importation of Pepper Seedlings[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2025 , 46 (1) : 202 -211 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.01.021
胡椒(Piper spp.)是多年生木质藤本植物,素有“香料之王”的美誉,是世界重要的香辛作物之一,在药用价值和工业价值方面扮演重要的角色[1]。我国是世界胡椒主产国之一,胡椒自1947年引入中国,已成为我国热区乡村振兴的主要热带经济作物产业,截至2017年胡椒种植面积近3万hm2,年产量3.60万t,居世界第五[2],但中国胡椒在国际市场上占有率不高,2020年收获面积达1.84万hm2(占全球的3.00%),单产1.81 t/hm2(占全球的4.67%),生产规模和发展空间潜力巨大[1]。胡椒品种单一、老化、抗性差等问题是影响胡椒产量和品质的主要原因,因此,引进和选育具有抗病虫能力强、产量高的优良品种对胡椒产业的转型升级至关重要[1,3]。我国曾先后从柬埔寨、马来西亚和斐济等国引进卡瓦胡椒、小叶种和大叶种胡椒等品种[4-6],而引种过程中随胡椒种苗传带的病原微生物、害虫等有害生物入侵我国,使产业发展和生态安全的潜在风险增加[7],一些有害生物,如辣椒疫霉(Phytophthora capsici)、地毯草黄单胞杆菌(Xanthomonas axonopodis)、腐皮镰孢胡椒专化型(Fusarium solani f. sp. piperis)和香蕉穿孔线虫(Radopholus similis)等危害严重[8-11],严重制约胡椒产业的可持续发展。
随着种业领域国际贸易事务的迅速发展,有害生物随进口植物种苗等材料入侵导致的潜在经济和生态危害不容忽视。开展植物种苗传带有害生物风险分析(pest risk analysis,PRA),提出科学风险管理方案,可避免疫情爆发,大幅降低有害生物入侵后的防控成本[12-14]。目前有关输华胡椒种苗传带有害生物的PRA研究尚无报道,本研究采用定性和定量分析相结合的方法,综合分析和评估输华胡椒种苗传带有害生物的风险等级,为国际贸易中胡椒种苗等种质资源的风险防控提供理论指导和技术支撑。
输华胡椒种苗的有害生物种类主要通过查阅国内数据库,包括中国国家有害生物检疫信息系统(http://www.pestchina.com)等,列出胡椒种苗上可能携带的有害生物大名单127种。
根据有害生物在中国的分布情况(未分布或分布未广)、是否官方管制、随胡椒种苗携带的可能性进行评估,确定需要进一步评估的潜在检疫性有害生物(quarantine pests,QP)14种。
(1)定性分析。对需进一步评估的潜在14种检疫性有害生物,参考刘福秀等[15]的方法从其入境、定殖、扩散的可能性及其对经济的影响作出评估。
(2)定量分析。参考有害生物分析方法[16],从中国分布(P1)、潜在经济危害(P2)、寄主植物的经济重要性(P3)、传播可能性(P4)、危险性管理难度(P5)5个方面对需进一步评估的有害生物进行定量分析。按以下公式计算风险指标值(R):P2=0.6P21+0.2P22+0.2P23P3=Max(P31P32P33);P5=(P51+P52+P53)/3。其中,一级指标P1,二级指标P21P22P23P31P32P33P41P42P43P44P45P51P52P53均根据定量风险评估指标的评判标准得到的赋值分。计算出R值后,按照有害生物危险程度标准进行分级[17]:Ⅰ级(R<1.0,无风险)、Ⅱ级(1.0≤R<1.5,低风险)、Ⅲ级(1.5≤R<2.0、中风险)、Ⅳ级(2.0≤R<2.5,高风险)、Ⅴ级(2.5≤R<3.0,极高风险)。
依据1.2.2的结果,将中风险及以上等级的有害生物列为我国需关注的检疫性有害生物。
依据风险分析判定结果,提出风险管理方案。
通过查阅有害生物数据库和文献等,确定相关贸易国家或地区输华胡椒种苗中可能携带的有害生物共127种,包括真菌27种、细菌6种、线虫24种、昆虫68种、杂草2种。
针对2.1中的有害生物大名单,根据在中国的分布情况(未分布或分布未广)、是否官方管制、随胡椒种苗携带的可能性进行评估,确定需要进一步评估的潜在检疫性有害生物(QP)14种,其中真菌5种,细菌2种,线虫2种,昆虫5种(表1)。
根据14种胡椒种苗上潜在的检疫性有害生物的相关研究进展[8-11,18-55],对其开展定性与定量分析。
根据2.2的结果,从有害生物入境、定殖、扩散的可能性和经济影响4个方面进行分析和评估,判定高风险有害生物13种,其中真菌5种,细菌2种,线虫2种,昆虫4种,包括有害红皮孔菌(P. noxium)、辣椒疫霉(P. capsici)、油棕猝倒病菌(G. splendens)、腐皮镰孢胡椒专化型(F. solani f. sp. piperis)、菜豆拟茎点霉(P. phaseoli)、丁香假单胞菌丁香致病变种(P. syringae pv. syringae)、地毯草黄单胞菌胡椒致病变种(X. axonopodis pv. betlicola)、香蕉穿孔线虫(R. similis)、短小根结线虫(M. exigua)、海灰翅夜蛾(S. littoralis)、蔗根象(D. abbreviatus)、木瓜秀粉蚧(P. marginatus)和无花果蜡蚧(C. rusci);判定中风险有害生物1种,为昆虫,茶刺盲蝽(H. theivora)(表2)。
根据有害生物风险分析公式和赋值标准,从中国分布、潜在经济危害、寄主植物的经济重要性、传播可能性、危险性管理难度5方面进行赋值,计算有害生物风险指标值(R[16],依据有害生物危险程度分级标准[17],判定极高风险有害生物4种(R≥2.5),包括地毯草黄单胞菌胡椒致病变种(X. axonopodis pv. betlicola)、丁香假单胞菌丁香致病变种(P. syringae pv. syringae)、香蕉穿孔线虫(R. similis)和海灰翅夜蛾(S. littoralis);高风险有害生物9种(2.0≤R<2.5),包括有害红皮孔菌(P. noxium)、辣椒疫霉(P. capsici)、油棕猝倒病菌(G. splendens)、腐皮镰孢胡椒专化型(F. solani f. sp. piperis)、菜豆拟茎点霉(P. phaseoli)、短小根结线虫(M. exigua)、蔗根象(D. abbreviatus)、木瓜秀粉蚧(P. marginatus)和无花果蜡蚧(C. rusci);中风险有害生物1种(R<2.0),为昆虫,茶刺盲蝽(H. theivora)(表3)。
基于上述定性和定量评估结果,判定我国需要关注的胡椒种苗传带的有害生物有14种,其中极高风险4种,高风险9种,中风险1种。以上述14种有害生物中风险水平最高等级作为胡椒种苗的风险等级,判定输华胡椒种苗的检疫风险为极高。
根据PRA评估结论提出风险管理方案,开展输华胡椒种苗传带有害生物风险的有效防控。
口岸检疫时要求输华胡椒种苗无机械伤、不得携带任何杂物,喷施化学或生物杀菌剂控制真菌、细菌类有害生物,喷施化学或生物杀虫剂控制线虫、昆虫类有害生物;难以检疫的有害生物应要求输出方出具官方证明材料说明该有害生物在输出国或地区未发生;针对有害生物种类和特点,研发低成本、周期短的快速隔离检疫处理技术,提高有害生物防控水平。
入境前与输出国或地区签订书面合同,明确输华胡椒传带有害生物的检疫性和非检疫性、入境前除害、入境后检疫处理、运输等方面的要求;入境后对不符合双方贸易合同要求的,中方应实施退回、销毁或检疫处理措施,并暂停引种;按照15%比例对每批次输华胡椒种苗抽样后实施隔离检疫,待检疫合格后该批次种苗才能获批入境。
从未发生疫情的国家或地区引种可以控制有害生物扩散传播;由于多数胡椒种苗的输出国或地区属于疫情发生区域,从该类区域引种,应实施严格的检疫措施,贸易双方的损失控制在最低水平。
充分利用国际植物保护公约等平台,积极参与国际植物检疫制度的制定、PRA分析等事务,与相关国家开展疫情监测与防控合作,最大限度降低有害生物入侵对我国造成的经济损失。
当前我国种质资源(种苗)进出口需求快速增长,种质资源传带有害生物、传播扩散有害生物风险大幅增加,开展PRA有利于检疫部门制定风险防控方案,降低种苗传带有害生物对经济和生态造成的损失[13-14]。本研究通过查询数据库和有关文献开展PRA,确定输华胡椒传带的有害生物中风险1种,高风险9种,极高风险4种。需要高度关注4种极高风险的有害生物,其中地毯草黄单胞菌胡椒致病变种(X. axonopodis pv. betlicola)分布在巴西、柬埔寨、马来西亚和印度;丁香假单胞菌丁香致病变种(P. syringae pv. syringae)和香蕉穿孔线虫(R. similis)广泛分布于北美洲、南美洲、大洋洲、欧洲、非洲和亚洲,丁香假单胞菌丁香致病变种分布在巴拿马、加拿大、美国、阿根廷和意大利等多个国家,香蕉穿孔线虫(R. similis)分布在美国、加拿大、巴西、意大利和印度等多个国家;海灰翅夜蛾(S. littoralis)广泛分布于非洲、欧洲和亚洲,以及分布在南非、法国、西班牙和土耳其等多个国家。上述有害生物可为害胡椒种苗等多种寄主植物,特别是早期潜伏于生长基质、植株多个部位,难以准确检疫,应重视研发适合口岸检疫的快速检测和靶向清灭技术,避免其入侵我国爆发成灾。
随着居民健康消费需求的增长,胡椒产业表现出供不应求的现状,从国外引进和选育农艺性状优良的胡椒品种是加快胡椒产业发展的有效途径之一[1],有害生物风险分析需要生物学、生态学和经济学等多方面的数据,还需选择科学的方法[12-13]。本研究采用定性和定量方法对胡椒种苗传带有害生物开展PRA,为有关部门制定检疫制度和有害生物防控方案提供依据。我国学者主要采用定性和定量相结合的方法开展PRA[12-13]。谢梅琼等[56]分析发现香蕉枯萎病病菌尖孢镰刀菌古巴专化型(Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense)为害我国香蕉的风险值为2.12,属于高度危险等级。时涛等[57]分析发现南美叶疫病危害我国橡胶产业风险值为2.38,属高度危险等级。闫超杰等[58]分析发现树莓疫霉根腐病菌(Phytophthora rubi)对中国树莓产业的综合风险值为2.22,属于高风险有害生物。吕朝军等[48]研究发现无花果蜡蚧(C. rusci)在海南为害槟榔的风险值为2.56,属特别危险等级,应及时开展疫情防控。卢辉等[51]分析得出,木瓜秀粉蚧(P. marginatus)在中国为害水果、蔬菜和园林植物的风险值为2.25,属于高风险等级。徐艳玲等[39]和赵浩翔等[40]分析发现气温、寄主及降水是影响海灰翅夜蛾(S. littoralis)潜在地理分布的主导生物气候因子,在我国具有广泛的适生区,建议有关部门加强监测和预警。姚卫民等[59]分析发现香蕉穿孔线虫(R. similis)入侵广西的风险值为2.70,在广西属高度危险的有害生物,应加强多部门协同监管。谢传峰等[60]分析发现扶桑绵粉蚧(Phenacoccus solenopsis)入侵山东的风险值分别为2.24,属高度危险等级,应加强监测和科普宣传。
本研究应用定性和定量方法开展PRA,明确了输华胡椒种苗上传带的14种潜在检疫性有害生物种类包括真菌、细菌、线虫和昆虫。开展PRA需要多学科的文献、数据库等资料支撑,随着PRA研究方法和体系的不断创新,将会获得更加客观准确的结果,为我国胡椒产业的发展提供有力保障。
  • 海南省胡椒产业技术体系项目(HNARS-09-ZJ03)
  • 海南省重大科技项目(ZDKJ2021016)
  • 中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(1630042022010)
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2025年第46卷第1期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.01.021
  • 接收时间:2024-09-05
  • 首发时间:2026-06-24
  • 出版时间:2025-01-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-09-05
  • 修回日期:2024-09-20
基金
海南省胡椒产业技术体系项目(HNARS-09-ZJ03)
海南省重大科技项目(ZDKJ2021016)
中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(1630042022010)
作者信息
    1.中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所,海南海口 571101
    2.中华人民共和国菏泽海关,山东菏泽 274000
    3.海口海关技术中心,海南海口 570311

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* 杨腊英(YANG Laying),E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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