Article(id=1276204416457900707, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276204178091413862, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.12.018, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1721059200000, receivedDateStr=2024-07-16, revisedDate=1723046400000, revisedDateStr=2024-08-08, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1782200443614, onlineDateStr=2026-06-23, pubDate=1735056000000, pubDateStr=2024-12-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1782200443614, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-23, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1782200443614, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1782200443614, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1276204178091413862, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, year='2024', volume='45', issue='12', pageStart='2487', pageEnd='2737', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1735056000000', pubDateStr='2024-12-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1782200386783, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782200456354, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1276204470308565242, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276204178091413862, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1276204470308565243, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276204178091413862, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=2659, endPage=2669, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1276204419024814757, articleId=1276204416457900707, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=EN, title=Seasonal Characteristics of Rhizosphere Microbial Communities in Red Pitaya in Hainan, columnId=1236292524264968282, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, columnName=Plant Protection & Bio-safety, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The growth and development of pitaya are closely associated with the rhizosphere microbiome, yet there is a lack of understanding regarding the seasonal characteristics of the microorganisms during the fruit’s production cycle. This study focused on the red-fleshed pitaya in Hainan, utilizing high-throughput sequencing technology to investigate the dynamics of the rhizosphere microbial community across different seasons and its correlation with soil physicochemical factors. The results indicated that the richness and diversity of the pitaya rhizosphere microbial community were seasonally driven. There were significant differences in the Ace index, Chao1 index, Shannon index, and Simpson index among the microbial communities across seasons, particularly showing an increasing trend in autumn. A total of 6132 bacterial OTUs and 1850 fungal OTUs were obtained from 12 rhizosphere samples collected throughout the four seasons. Bacterial OTUs were classified into 43 phyla, 135 classes, 319 orders, 502 families, and 963 genera, while fungal OTUs were classified into 15 phyla, 42 classes, 103 orders, 214 families, and 423 genera. The phyla Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Proteobacteria showed stable and dominant relative abundances across the four seasons, making them the predominant bacterial phyla. The genus Bacillus maintained the highest relative abundance within the bacterial community, making it the dominant bacterial genus; however, its relative abundance was significantly higher in spring and winter compared to summer and autumn. The phylum Ascomycota was the dominant fungal phylum in the pitaya rhizosphere. The genus Chaetomium was the dominant fungal genus, with a notably higher relative abundance in spring compared to other seasons. Differential species analysis revealed 15 bacterial differential species and 3 fungal differential species across the four seasons. The physicochemical properties of the pitaya rhizosphere soil showed significant seasonal variation and were closely related to the rhizosphere microbial community. FAPROTAX predictions indicated that the pitaya rhizosphere bacteria primarily exhibited functions such as chemoheterotrophy, aerobic chemoheterotrophy, ureolysis, nitrate reduction, cellulolysis, nitrogen fixation, aromatic compound degradation and animal parasites or symbionts. FUNguild predictions showed that the pitaya rhizosphere fungi mainly displayed saprotrophic lifestyles and some unknown functions. In summary, this study demonstrated that the structure of the rhizosphere microbial community associated with red-fleshed pitaya in Hainan undergoes significant changes across the four seasons, with the highest diversity and richness observed in the fall. Bacillus and Chaetomium were identified as the dominant bacterial and fungal genera in the rhizosphere, respectively. The findings could provide a theoretical basis for designing cultivation improvement measures based on rhizosphere microbiota for pitaya.

, authors=null, authorsList=Yuxin YANG, Ji ZHU, Shengnan HUANG, Yingzhi TANG, Xinli CONG, Xiaolong HUANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Xinli CONG, Xiaolong HUANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1276204427417617081, articleId=1276204416457900707, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=CN, title=海南红心火龙果根际微生物群落的季节性特征研究, columnId=1236292524520820846, journalTitle=热带作物学报, columnName=植物保护与生物安全, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

火龙果的生长发育与根际微生物密切相关,但对火龙果生产周期中根际微生物的季节性特征缺乏了解。本研究以海南红心火龙果为研究对象,采用高通量测序技术探讨火龙果根际微生物群落在不同季节的动态变化,以及微生物群落与土壤理化因子的相关性。结果表明:火龙果根际微生物群落丰富度和多样性受季节驱动,各季节微生物群落的Ace指数、Chao1指数、Shannon指数和Simpson指数存在一定差异,特别是在秋季呈上升趋势。从火龙果四季采集的12个根际样品中共获得6132个细菌OTUs和1850个真菌OTUs。其中,细菌分别隶属于43门、135纲、319目、502科和963属;真菌分别隶属于15门、42纲、103目、214科和423属。厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)和变形菌门(Proteobacteria)的相对丰度在四季中稳定且占据前三,为优势细菌门。芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)相对丰度在整个细菌群落中一直保持最高,为优势细菌属,但春、冬季的相对丰度明显高于夏、秋季。子囊菌门(Ascomycota)为火龙果根际的优势真菌门,毛壳菌属(Chaetomium)为优势菌属,且春季的相对丰度远高于其他季节。差异物种分析显示,四季中细菌共产生了15个差异物种,真菌产生了3个差异物种。火龙果根际土壤理化因子季节变化明显,且与根际微生物群落密切相关。FAPROTAX预测显示火龙果根际细菌主要表现为化能异养、好氧化能异养、尿素水解、硝酸盐还原、纤维素水解、固氮作用、芳香族有机物降解以及人畜致病性等功能;FUNGuild预测显示火龙果根际真菌主要表现为腐生生存和某些未知功能等。本研究结果显示海南红心火龙果根际微生物群落结构在四季发生显著变化,秋季具有最高的多样性和丰富度,芽孢杆菌属和毛壳菌属分别是根际的优势细菌属和优势真菌属。研究结果可为基于根际微生物的火龙果栽培改良措施的设计提供理论依据。

, authors=

杨雨鑫(1999—),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:微生物资源开发利用。

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* 从心黎(CONG Xinli),E-mail:
黄小龙(HUANG Xiaolong),E-mail:
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杨雨鑫(1999—),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:微生物资源开发利用。

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杨雨鑫(1999—),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:微生物资源开发利用。

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level (B), figureFileSmall=L4PHFpY3stAZE/43B+dJsg==, figureFileBig=vPSlXXWTNrHo9yenYVnOZQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276204445079831286, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276204416457900707, language=CN, label=图4, caption=真菌门水平(A)和属水平(B)群落组成, figureFileSmall=L4PHFpY3stAZE/43B+dJsg==, figureFileBig=vPSlXXWTNrHo9yenYVnOZQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276204445188883191, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276204416457900707, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Species differences of rhizosphere bacteria (A) and fungi (B) of pitaya in different seasons, figureFileSmall=MXNshwkNyMyeVEyjNl0YTg==, figureFileBig=jCE3OFLYYOLJHXOOIaWT7w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276204445474095864, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276204416457900707, language=CN, label=图5, caption=不同季节火龙果根际细菌(A)和真菌(B)的物种差异

a:黄色杆菌科未定义属;b:KD4-96纲未定义属;c:Candidatus_Solibacter;d:JG30-KF-CM66未定义属;e:RB41;f:甲基寡源菌科未定义属;g:bacteriap25纲未定义属;h:脱硫杆菌门未定义属;i:迟杆菌门未定义属;j:mle1-7;k:嗜邻聚杆菌属;l:Sumerlaea;m:军团杆菌属;n:类固醇杆菌科未定义属;o:NB1-j门未定义属。*表示显著差异(P<0.05).

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*表示显著相关(P<0.05);**表示极显著相关(P<0.01)。

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Sample collection information

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
季节Season采样时间Sampling time温度Temperature/℃湿度Humidity/%
春季2022-032975
夏季2022-063890
秋季2022-093468
冬季2022-122279
), ArticleFig(id=1276204449622262530, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276204416457900707, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

样品采集信息

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
季节Season采样时间Sampling time温度Temperature/℃湿度Humidity/%
春季2022-032975
夏季2022-063890
秋季2022-093468
冬季2022-122279
), ArticleFig(id=1276204450024915715, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276204416457900707, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Comparison of soil physical and chemical properties in different seasons

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
季节SeasonpH有机质SOM/(g·kg-1)速效钾AK/(mg·kg-1)有效磷AP/(mg·kg-1)碱解氮AN/(mg·kg-1)
春季5.44±0.39bc13.28±2.45c191.24±19.55a140.71±6.78c99.08±17.30a
夏季6.12±0.46ab34.67±4.41a199.34±48.03a323.19±32.76a89.39±11.96ab
秋季6.30±0.18a32.57±5.88a124.74±19.93b228.39±32.99b63.99±3.28b
冬季5.08±0.40c21.86±3.77bc173.91±19.10ab178.87±21.22bc108.57±13.35a
季节Season全氮TN/(g·kg-1)全磷TP/(g·kg-1)有效硫AS/(mg·kg-1)交换性钙Exchangeable Ca/(mg·kg-1)交换性镁Exchangeable Mg/(mg·kg-1)
春季0.81±0.17c0.47±0.06b31.51±2.16ab882.05±53.74c111.22±14.32d
夏季1.69±0.08a1.01±0.29a32.93±2.60a2730.35±165.77a437.02±13.17a
秋季1.67±0.13a0.67±0.13b22.69±2.18c1043.65±127.35bc315.70±27.36b
冬季1.13±0.18b0.57±0.06b27.96±1.62b1208.04±152.04b194.10±21.67c
), ArticleFig(id=1276204450108801796, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276204416457900707, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同季节土壤理化性质比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
季节SeasonpH有机质SOM/(g·kg-1)速效钾AK/(mg·kg-1)有效磷AP/(mg·kg-1)碱解氮AN/(mg·kg-1)
春季5.44±0.39bc13.28±2.45c191.24±19.55a140.71±6.78c99.08±17.30a
夏季6.12±0.46ab34.67±4.41a199.34±48.03a323.19±32.76a89.39±11.96ab
秋季6.30±0.18a32.57±5.88a124.74±19.93b228.39±32.99b63.99±3.28b
冬季5.08±0.40c21.86±3.77bc173.91±19.10ab178.87±21.22bc108.57±13.35a
季节Season全氮TN/(g·kg-1)全磷TP/(g·kg-1)有效硫AS/(mg·kg-1)交换性钙Exchangeable Ca/(mg·kg-1)交换性镁Exchangeable Mg/(mg·kg-1)
春季0.81±0.17c0.47±0.06b31.51±2.16ab882.05±53.74c111.22±14.32d
夏季1.69±0.08a1.01±0.29a32.93±2.60a2730.35±165.77a437.02±13.17a
秋季1.67±0.13a0.67±0.13b22.69±2.18c1043.65±127.35bc315.70±27.36b
冬季1.13±0.18b0.57±0.06b27.96±1.62b1208.04±152.04b194.10±21.67c
), ArticleFig(id=1276204450452734725, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276204416457900707, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

Microbial α diversity in rhizosphere of pitaya in different seasons

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目Istem季节SeasonAceChao1ShannonSimpsonCoverage
细菌春季3048±329b3041±309b5.554±0.341ab0.032±0.014a0.9815±0.0031a
夏季3215±82b3236±65ab6.361±0.171ab0.035±0.001a0.9810±0.0049a
秋季3711±169a3690±176a6.472±0.118a0.047±0.003a0.9800±0.0032a
冬季3299±180b3332±187ab5.400±1.016b0.045±0.008a0.9786±0.0019a
真菌春季470±21b468±19b3.479±0.859b0.118±0.021ab0.9987±0.0001a
夏季554±44ab541±30ab3.669±0.749ab0.108±0.015b0.9982±0.0009a
秋季655±71a650±75a4.002±0.520a0.151±0.022a0.9985±0.0007a
冬季562±116ab551±123ab3.222±0.339b0.133±0.020ab0.9978±0.0005a
), ArticleFig(id=1276204450524037894, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276204416457900707, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同季节火龙果根际微生物α多样性

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目Istem季节SeasonAceChao1ShannonSimpsonCoverage
细菌春季3048±329b3041±309b5.554±0.341ab0.032±0.014a0.9815±0.0031a
夏季3215±82b3236±65ab6.361±0.171ab0.035±0.001a0.9810±0.0049a
秋季3711±169a3690±176a6.472±0.118a0.047±0.003a0.9800±0.0032a
冬季3299±180b3332±187ab5.400±1.016b0.045±0.008a0.9786±0.0019a
真菌春季470±21b468±19b3.479±0.859b0.118±0.021ab0.9987±0.0001a
夏季554±44ab541±30ab3.669±0.749ab0.108±0.015b0.9982±0.0009a
秋季655±71a650±75a4.002±0.520a0.151±0.022a0.9985±0.0007a
冬季562±116ab551±123ab3.222±0.339b0.133±0.020ab0.9978±0.0005a
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海南红心火龙果根际微生物群落的季节性特征研究
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杨雨鑫 1 , 朱基 1 , 黄圣南 2 , 唐应志 3 , 从心黎 1, * , 黄小龙 1, *
热带作物学报 | 植物保护与生物安全 2024,45(12): 2659-2669
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热带作物学报 |植物保护与生物安全 2024 , 45 (12) : 2659 -2669
海南红心火龙果根际微生物群落的季节性特征研究
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杨雨鑫1, 朱基1, 黄圣南2, 唐应志3, 从心黎1, * , 黄小龙1, *
作者信息
  • 1.海南大学生命健康学院,海南海口 570228
  • 2.海口海关技术中心,海南海口 570311
  • 3.海南尚岭农业科技有限公司,海南昌江 572700
通讯作者:
* 从心黎(CONG Xinli),E-mail:
黄小龙(HUANG Xiaolong),E-mail:
Seasonal Characteristics of Rhizosphere Microbial Communities in Red Pitaya in Hainan
Yuxin YANG1, Ji ZHU1, Shengnan HUANG2, Yingzhi TANG3, Xinli CONG1, * , Xiaolong HUANG1, *
Affiliations
  • 1.College of Life and Health Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
  • 2.Haikou Customs Technical Center, Haikou, Hainan 570311, China
  • 3.Hainan Shangling Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd., Changjiang, Hainan 572700, China
出版时间: 2024-12-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.12.018
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火龙果的生长发育与根际微生物密切相关,但对火龙果生产周期中根际微生物的季节性特征缺乏了解。本研究以海南红心火龙果为研究对象,采用高通量测序技术探讨火龙果根际微生物群落在不同季节的动态变化,以及微生物群落与土壤理化因子的相关性。结果表明:火龙果根际微生物群落丰富度和多样性受季节驱动,各季节微生物群落的Ace指数、Chao1指数、Shannon指数和Simpson指数存在一定差异,特别是在秋季呈上升趋势。从火龙果四季采集的12个根际样品中共获得6132个细菌OTUs和1850个真菌OTUs。其中,细菌分别隶属于43门、135纲、319目、502科和963属;真菌分别隶属于15门、42纲、103目、214科和423属。厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)和变形菌门(Proteobacteria)的相对丰度在四季中稳定且占据前三,为优势细菌门。芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)相对丰度在整个细菌群落中一直保持最高,为优势细菌属,但春、冬季的相对丰度明显高于夏、秋季。子囊菌门(Ascomycota)为火龙果根际的优势真菌门,毛壳菌属(Chaetomium)为优势菌属,且春季的相对丰度远高于其他季节。差异物种分析显示,四季中细菌共产生了15个差异物种,真菌产生了3个差异物种。火龙果根际土壤理化因子季节变化明显,且与根际微生物群落密切相关。FAPROTAX预测显示火龙果根际细菌主要表现为化能异养、好氧化能异养、尿素水解、硝酸盐还原、纤维素水解、固氮作用、芳香族有机物降解以及人畜致病性等功能;FUNGuild预测显示火龙果根际真菌主要表现为腐生生存和某些未知功能等。本研究结果显示海南红心火龙果根际微生物群落结构在四季发生显著变化,秋季具有最高的多样性和丰富度,芽孢杆菌属和毛壳菌属分别是根际的优势细菌属和优势真菌属。研究结果可为基于根际微生物的火龙果栽培改良措施的设计提供理论依据。

火龙果  /  根际微生物  /  多样性  /  季节变化

The growth and development of pitaya are closely associated with the rhizosphere microbiome, yet there is a lack of understanding regarding the seasonal characteristics of the microorganisms during the fruit’s production cycle. This study focused on the red-fleshed pitaya in Hainan, utilizing high-throughput sequencing technology to investigate the dynamics of the rhizosphere microbial community across different seasons and its correlation with soil physicochemical factors. The results indicated that the richness and diversity of the pitaya rhizosphere microbial community were seasonally driven. There were significant differences in the Ace index, Chao1 index, Shannon index, and Simpson index among the microbial communities across seasons, particularly showing an increasing trend in autumn. A total of 6132 bacterial OTUs and 1850 fungal OTUs were obtained from 12 rhizosphere samples collected throughout the four seasons. Bacterial OTUs were classified into 43 phyla, 135 classes, 319 orders, 502 families, and 963 genera, while fungal OTUs were classified into 15 phyla, 42 classes, 103 orders, 214 families, and 423 genera. The phyla Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Proteobacteria showed stable and dominant relative abundances across the four seasons, making them the predominant bacterial phyla. The genus Bacillus maintained the highest relative abundance within the bacterial community, making it the dominant bacterial genus; however, its relative abundance was significantly higher in spring and winter compared to summer and autumn. The phylum Ascomycota was the dominant fungal phylum in the pitaya rhizosphere. The genus Chaetomium was the dominant fungal genus, with a notably higher relative abundance in spring compared to other seasons. Differential species analysis revealed 15 bacterial differential species and 3 fungal differential species across the four seasons. The physicochemical properties of the pitaya rhizosphere soil showed significant seasonal variation and were closely related to the rhizosphere microbial community. FAPROTAX predictions indicated that the pitaya rhizosphere bacteria primarily exhibited functions such as chemoheterotrophy, aerobic chemoheterotrophy, ureolysis, nitrate reduction, cellulolysis, nitrogen fixation, aromatic compound degradation and animal parasites or symbionts. FUNguild predictions showed that the pitaya rhizosphere fungi mainly displayed saprotrophic lifestyles and some unknown functions. In summary, this study demonstrated that the structure of the rhizosphere microbial community associated with red-fleshed pitaya in Hainan undergoes significant changes across the four seasons, with the highest diversity and richness observed in the fall. Bacillus and Chaetomium were identified as the dominant bacterial and fungal genera in the rhizosphere, respectively. The findings could provide a theoretical basis for designing cultivation improvement measures based on rhizosphere microbiota for pitaya.

pitaya  /  rhizospheric microorganism  /  diversity  /  seasonal change
杨雨鑫, 朱基, 黄圣南, 唐应志, 从心黎, 黄小龙. 海南红心火龙果根际微生物群落的季节性特征研究. 热带作物学报, 2024 , 45 (12) : 2659 -2669 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.12.018
Yuxin YANG, Ji ZHU, Shengnan HUANG, Yingzhi TANG, Xinli CONG, Xiaolong HUANG. Seasonal Characteristics of Rhizosphere Microbial Communities in Red Pitaya in Hainan[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2024 , 45 (12) : 2659 -2669 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.12.018
火龙果(Hylocereus undulatus)属仙人掌科(Cactaceae)量天尺属(Hylocereus)的多年生常绿藤本浆果类果树,是一种典型的热带水果[1]。目前,我国火龙果的种植面积已经超过百万亩,已成为全球火龙果第一大生产国[2]。海南属典型的热带海洋性季风气候,具备周年生产火龙果的天然优势,是火龙果生产的最佳种植区。当前海南火龙果种植面积超过104 hm2,年产量达60万t,是国内火龙果的主要生产地之一[3]
植物根际指根系周围并受根系生长影响的土壤微环境,存在大量的微生物类群,并与植物建立互惠共生的关系[4]。一方面根系沉积物和分泌物影响根际微生物群落的组成,另一方面根际微生物的生命活动也影响植物的生长和健康[5]。根际微生物与宿主植物的相互影响因素已有广泛研究,但根际微生物对气候季节变化的响应机制却报道甚少。在自然生态系统中,植物根际微生物群落的结构和功能经常受季节变化的影响,这种影响主要通过土壤温度、湿度和养分等环境因子的变化来实现,进而影响微生物的生命活动和代谢过程[6]。在不同季节间,根际微生物的多样性和丰度存在显著差异,冬季由于温度较低,微生物的代谢活动减缓,相对丰度降低;而夏季由于温度升高和降水增加,微生物的代谢活动增强,微生物多样性有所提高,尤其是那些与水分、温度密切相关的微生物类群[7]。季节变化也会导致根际微生物群落结构的变化,一些对特定环境条件敏感的微生物类群可能在某些季节中占据优势,而其他类群则可能减少,这与不同季节土壤环境因子的变化有关[8]。根际微生物的功能也随季节变化而变化,冬季可能更有利于发酵过程的发生,而夏季则可能更有利于固氮过程,此外,根际微生物参与的生化过程,如化能异养、硝化和氨氧化作用,在不同季节间可能存在差异[9]。在农业生态系统中,作物生产周期内的根际微生物的群落结构和组成以及功能除受季节变化的影响外,还受生产管理措施,如施肥、施药、灌溉和除草等多种综合因素的影响[10]。因此,了解作物生产周期内不同时期的根际微生物群落结构和功能的动态变化规律,将为不同生产时期管理措施的设计提供一定的参考依据。
火龙果的生长和发育与根际微生物息息相关,火龙果根际微生物的群落结构和组成受火龙果栽培品种的影响[11]。但火龙果根际微生物群落在生产周期内的季节性动态变化却很少报道。为此,本研究采用高通量测序技术和生物信息学探讨海南红心火龙果根际微生物群落在周年内的季节变化规律,为火龙果栽培管理措施的设计提供理论依据。
供试火龙果品种为大红,采样地点为海南省昌江黎族自治县海南尚岭农业科技有限公司火龙果种植基地(108°52′8.2416″E, 19°23′18.762″N),属于热带季风气候,日照充足。采样地为生长1年以上的火龙果栽培大田,按照常规方式进行田间生产管理,每年的9—10月施用有机肥(2 t/666.67 m2),并在其催花期增施高磷肥(每666.67 m2施加5 kg高磷水溶肥和50 kg有机水溶肥,均分2次灌根),幼果期增施高氮加钾肥(每666.67 m2施加6 kg高氮水溶肥和70 kg有机水溶肥,均分2次灌根),中果后期增施高钾肥(每666.67 m2施加5 kg硫酸钾)。分别于2022年春季、夏季、秋季、冬季以五点取样法随机采集土壤样本(表1),均选取健康火龙果植株的根际土壤,采集深度为15~30 cm,每次取样3个重复,于–20 ℃储存。
参照常规测定方法[12-13]共测定10个土壤理化性质:土壤pH、有机质、全氮、全磷、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾、有效硫、交换性钙、交换性镁。
采用E.Z.N.A.® Soil DNA Kit (Omega Bio-tek) DNA抽提试剂盒,抽提土壤样本DNA。采用NEXTflexTM Rapid DNA-Seq Kit (Bioo Scientific)构建DNA测序库。使用引物338 F和806 R扩增细菌16S rRNA基因,利用引物ITS1 F和ITS2 R扩增真菌ITS基因,并通过MiSeq PE300测序平台获得原始数据。
通过对原始数据进行质控等操作,获得有效序列以供测序分析,使用UPARSE软件将原始数据拼接并聚类,以大于97%的有效序列划分为一个操作性分类单元(OTU),并进行后续统计分析。使用WPS Excel软件对多样性数据进行预处理,并用SPSS 26软件进行显著性差异分析。使用Kruskal-Wallis秩和检验检测组间多样性差异。使用R语言(3.3.1)绘制维恩图、物种群落组成Bar图、RDA分析图以及相关性Heatmap图。分别使用FAPROTAX(1.2.1)和FUNGuild 1.0软件对细菌和真菌群落进行功能预测。
火龙果的生长发育与其根际土壤理化性质密切相关,不同季节火龙果根际土壤的各项理化指标见表2。不同季节土壤pH变化明显,夏、秋季高于春、冬季;有机质、全氮、速效磷含量同样在夏、秋季更高;有效磷、全磷、交换性钙和交换性镁含量在夏季显著高于其他季节;秋季的碱解氮含量明显较低。
不同季节火龙果根际微生物的α多样性指数见表3。Ace指数和Chao1指数反映微生物群落的丰富度,火龙果根际细菌和真菌的Ace指数和Chao1指数均在秋季最高,春、夏、冬季3组样品无显著性差异。Shannon指数和Simpson指数反映微生物群落的多样性,秋季火龙果根际细菌和真菌的Shannon指数以及真菌的Simpson指数均高于其他季节,细菌的Simpson指数无显著差异。Coverage指数反映群落测序覆盖度,所有样品的Coverage值均大于98%,说明所有序列基本被检测出,数据可靠。
不同季节火龙果根际微生物的β多样性如图1所示,对不同季节根际微生物进行PCoA分析,结果表明,根际细菌的夏季和秋季样品距离相近,而与冬季和春季的样品距离较远且在不同象限,说明在夏、秋季细菌群落组成相似,而与春、冬季的细菌群落存在一定差异(图1A)。不同季节样品内真菌PCoA分析表明,所有样品相距较近,真菌群落无太大差异(图1B)。
根据根际样品的所有OTUs,对不同季节火龙果根际微生物群落进行Venn分析(图2)。4个季节样品中共有的细菌OTUs为2469个,春、夏、秋、冬各季所独有的OTUs分别为198、269、401和191个;共有的真菌OTUs数为346个,春、夏、秋、冬各季所独有的OTUs分别为138、250、274和159个。其中,秋季火龙果根际细菌和真菌独有的OTUs数量均最多,表明秋季具有丰富的微生物群落组成。
从4个季节12个根际样品中共获得6132个细菌OTUs,分别隶属于43门、135纲、319目、502科和963属。细菌群落在门水平主要有厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、绿湾菌门(Chloroflexi)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)、芽单胞菌门(Gemmatimonadota)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota)、黏球菌门(Myxococcota)、Patescibacteria、WPS-2等(图3A)。不同季节门水平的群落结构总体上差异不大,主要以厚壁菌门、放线菌门、变形菌门为主,其相对丰度稳居前三,均为优势门类。在属水平主要有芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、盖亚女神菌目未定义属(norank_f__norank_ o__Gaiellales)、鞘氨醇单胞菌属(Sphingomonas)、嗜邻聚杆菌目未定义属(norank_f__norank_o__ Vicinamibacterales)、马赛菌属(Massilia)、链霉菌属(Streptomyces)、酸杆菌目未定义属(norank_f__norank_o__Acidobacteriales)、北里孢菌属(Kitasatospora)、黄色杆菌科未定义属(norank_f__Xanthobacteraceae)等(图3B)。不同季节属水平的细菌群落结构组成存在一定差异,特别是芽孢杆菌属的相对丰度在春、冬季明显高于夏、秋季,但总体而言,不同季节所有细菌群落中芽孢杆菌属的相对丰度均最大,在火龙果根际内占据核心地位,为优势属类。在各季节中盖亚女神菌目未定义属的相对丰度以夏季最高,马赛菌属的相对丰度在春季时显著增高。此外,还存在部分未知细菌属,具有着较高的相对丰度,值得进一步发掘。
从4个季节12个根际样品中总共获得真菌1850个OTUs,分别隶属于15门、42纲、103目、214科和423属。真菌群落结构组成如图4所示,在门水平下主要为子囊菌门(Ascomycota)、担子菌门(Basidiomycota)、真菌界未定义门(unclassified_k__Fungi)、壶菌门(Chytridiomycota)、罗兹菌门(Rozellomycota)、被孢菌门(Mortierellomycota)等。4个季节中,子囊菌门的相对丰度在火龙果根际内占据绝对数量优势,夏季时虽有所降低,但仍处于核心地位,为优势门类;担子菌门在夏季的相对丰度有明显上升趋势(图4A)。在属水平主要有毛壳菌属(Chaetomium)、毛壳菌科未定义属(unclassified_f__Chaetomiaceae)、曲霉属(Aspergillus)、梭孢壳属(Thielavia)、青霉属(Penicillium)、小裸囊壳菌属(Gymnascella)、小囊菌属(Microascus)、粪壳菌科未定义属(unclassified_f__Sordariaceae)、unclassified_k__FungiDichotomopilus、小鬼伞属(Coprinellus)、瓶毛壳属(Lophotrichus)等。属水平下火龙果根际真菌群落组成结构差异较大,说明季节变化对真菌群落的影响程度较大,尤其是毛壳菌属在春季的相对丰度显著高于其他季节,占据核心地位,而在其他季节相对丰度明显降低;毛壳菌科未定义属在冬季时的相对丰度明显增加(图4B)。
不同季节火龙果根际微生物群落的物种差异如图5所示。4个季节中,细菌共产生15个显著差异物种,其中主要包括:黄色杆菌科未定义的属(norank_f__Xanthobacteraceae)、KD4-96纲未定义属(norank_f__norank_o__norank_c__KD4-96)、Candidatus_Solibacter、JG30-KF-CM66纲未定义属(norank_f__norank_o__norank_c__JG30-KF-CM66)、RB41等属类成员,大部分存在显著差异的物种属于未分类的细菌。火龙果根际土壤内相对丰度占比大的物种在不同季节几乎无显著差异,在根际内稳定存在。真菌共产生3个显著差异物种,其中,梨孢假壳属(Apiospora)和短梗蠕孢属(Trichocladium)在夏、秋季的群落丰度显著高于春、冬季,而酵母菌目未定义科(unclassified_o__Saccharomycetales)只在冬季存在。
土壤微生物群落的冗余分析(RDA)如图6所示。细菌群落RDA的第1轴(RDA1)的特征值为72.41%,第2轴(RDA2)的特征值为12.18%,二者共解释了土壤细菌群落总变异的84.59%。土壤pH、有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、全氮、全磷、交换性钙以及交换性镁是影响细菌群落结构的8个显著因素(P<0.05)。对于土壤真菌群落,RDA1的特征值为27.91%,RDA2的特征值为14.09%,二者共解释了约42.00%的真菌群落变异。土壤中的有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、交换性钙以及交换性镁是影响真菌群落结构的5个主要因素(P<0.05)。
土壤细菌和真菌群落的门水平与土壤性质之间的相关性热图为冗余分析的结果提供了进一步的证据。相关性分析表明,在细菌群落中,拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota)与SOM、AP、Mg呈显著正相关;粘菌门(Myxococcota)与PH、SOM、TN、AP、Mg呈显著正相关;芽单胞菌门(Gemmatimonadota)与SOM、TN、AP呈显著正相关;放线菌门(Actinobacteriota)与TN、AP、Mg呈显著正相关;厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)与AN呈显著正相关,与AP、Mg呈显著负相关;WPS-2与SOM、TN呈显著负相关;酸杆菌门(Acidobacteriota)和绿湾菌门(Chlorolexi)均与AN呈显著负相关(图7A)。对于真菌群落,被孢菌门(Mortierellomycota)与土壤pH、有机质、全氮、全磷、有效磷、交换性钙以及交换性镁都呈显著正相关;Calcarisporiellomycota与AN呈显著负相关(图7B)。
对不同季节火龙果根际细菌功能预测分类结果如图8所示(仅展示前20个功能)。根际细菌功能主要有:化能异养(chemoheterotrophy)、需氧化能异养(aerobic chemoheterotrophy)、尿素水解(ureolysis)、硝酸盐还原(nitrate reduction)、纤维素水解(cellulolysis)、固氮作用(nitrogen fixation)、芳香族化合物降解(aromatic compound degradation)以及人畜致病性(animal parasites or symbionts)。其中化能异养和需氧化能异养功能在不同季节的土壤生态功能中均占主导地位,这表明火龙果根际细菌具有良好的碳水化合物转化能力;在春季,尿素水解能力、人畜致病性菌明显高于其他季节;在夏季,纤维素水解作用菌更为显著,有助于纤维素分解为单糖,便于吸收利用;在冬季,硝酸盐还原作用、固氮作用和芳香族化合物降解作用菌较强于其他季节。而不同季节火龙果根际真菌的预测功能存在一定差异,但是其根际真菌基本均以腐生菌为主,如植物腐生、动物腐生、木材腐生和粪腐生等,同时还存在某些未知的功能菌(图9)。
土壤理化因子体现了土壤的肥力水平和植物生长条件,不同季节的火龙果根际土壤理化因子表现出一定的差异。本研究中,夏、秋季的土壤pH普遍高于春、冬季,这与孟彤彤等[14]的研究结果一致,可能与微生物代谢旺盛有关,并且夏、秋季降雨量大,雨水冲刷带走土壤中酸性物质。土壤中的一系列养分(有机质、全氮、速效钾、速效磷、全磷、有效硫、交换钙、交换钾)在夏季时均处于较高水平,这可能是由于大量的植物残骸和微生物的代谢提供了丰富的养分[15]。土壤中碱解氮含量在夏、秋季偏低,这与赵满兴等[16]的研究结果一致,由于植物在夏、秋季时生长旺盛并对氮吸收量大,碱解氮的消耗量急剧增加,导致其含量偏低。
根际微生物是植物土壤根际生态系统中极其重要的组成部分[17]。根际土壤中富含丰富的微生物,微生物群落的数量和种类与根际土壤的健康程度密切相关,维持土壤内部环境的动态平衡[18-19]
季节是影响根际微生物类群丰度的重要因素[20]。与其他季节相比,秋季火龙果根际细菌的Ace指数和Chao1指数最高,具有最高的相对丰度,与谭雪等[21]在三峡草本植物根际细菌的研究结论一致;火龙果根际真菌的Ace指数和Chao1指数同样为秋季最高,与黄雨轩等[22]在江西油茶根际真菌的研究结论相符。这可能是由于秋季的气候条件更适合某些微生物的生长和繁殖,导致微生物丰富度增加。
在本研究中,四季的火龙果根际细菌主要由厚壁菌门、放线菌门、变形菌门组成,形成了稳定的根际细菌群落结构,这与陈第等[23]的研究结果一致。已有研究认为,这3种门类微生物同样广泛分布于植物根际土壤中,是最常见的土壤微生物,在植物的生命活动中起着举足轻重的作用[24]。在属水平,火龙果根际细菌群落受季节更替的影响,不同季节的结构组成存在差异。这种季节性差异,可能是因为不同细菌对生存环境具有不同的适应性,同时也受温度、湿度等的影响,导致不同季节可能出现不同的优势菌属,从而改变了根际群落结构[25]。本研究中,芽孢杆菌属在每个季节的相对丰度均占最大比例,说明其在火龙果根际细菌群落中占据核心地位并发挥关键作用。芽孢杆菌属成员作为有益微生物,对火龙果致病菌具有拮抗作用,保护植株根际健康[26]。另外,还存在许多未分类鉴定的细菌,这些细菌很有可能是火龙果根际微生物中的关键菌群,表现出某些未知的功能。本研究中,子囊菌门是火龙果根际土壤中绝对的优势真菌门类,不同季节中其相对丰度占比均远高于其他门类真菌。子囊菌门真菌通常具有很强的适应性,能够在不同的环境条件下生存和繁衍,这可能是它们在火龙果根际土壤中成为优势门类的原因之一。在属水平,毛壳菌属作为优势菌属,春季的相对丰度占比远高于其他季节,可能与环境相关。有研究发现,毛壳菌属具有抗菌和促生能力,在植物的整个生长阶段起到关键作用[27]。因此,推测毛壳菌属在维持火龙果根际健康、促进植株生长中扮演着至关重要的角色。此外,本研究还发现,在不同季节中火龙果根际微生物均具有共同的OTUs,也存在独有的OTUs,表明各季节的火龙果根际土壤不仅存在普遍共有的根际微生物群落,也存在各季节独有的微生物种类,共有的微生物很有可能是火龙果根际生态系统中的核心微生物群,而独有的微生物种类可能是各季节的标志性微生物。
植物根际微生物是根际功能的关键驱动因素[28]。本研究发现火龙果根际细菌的功能预测主要表现为化能异养、需氧化能异养、尿素水解等功能,这与火龙果的生长有密切关系,有助于火龙果根际的能量转化,从而汲取更多难以吸收的养分。火龙果根际真菌功能预测主要为腐生微生物组成和某些未知功能,说明在火龙果根际存在大量可以利用动植物残骸的腐生真菌,有助于促进火龙果根际土壤物质和能量的生态循环。
利用高通量测序技术探讨了海南红心火龙果根际微生物群落生产周期内的季节性特征和变化规律。结果显示,火龙果根际土壤理化因子季节变化明显,反映了土壤理化因子与根际微生物群落的密切联系。不同季节火龙果根际微生物群落均有较高的丰富度和多样性,其中,秋季明显高于其他季节;群落结构组成也随季节波动,优势菌群的比例有一定变化,但均在火龙果根际占据核心地位。这些季节性变化反映了根际微生物的相关功能和土壤肥力,进而影响火龙果的生长和发育。研究结果可为火龙果栽培管理措施的设计提供科学依据。
  • 横向课题项目“全微生物发酵肥料对火龙果种植地土壤改良及果实品质影响的研究”(RH2100004390)
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2024年第45卷第12期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.12.018
  • 接收时间:2024-07-16
  • 首发时间:2026-06-23
  • 出版时间:2024-12-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-07-16
  • 修回日期:2024-08-08
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横向课题项目“全微生物发酵肥料对火龙果种植地土壤改良及果实品质影响的研究”(RH2100004390)
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    1.海南大学生命健康学院,海南海口 570228
    2.海口海关技术中心,海南海口 570311
    3.海南尚岭农业科技有限公司,海南昌江 572700

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* 从心黎(CONG Xinli),E-mail:
黄小龙(HUANG Xiaolong),E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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