Article(id=1276204434132701448, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276204178091413862, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.12.017, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1720540800000, receivedDateStr=2024-07-10, revisedDate=1721318400000, revisedDateStr=2024-07-19, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1782200447828, onlineDateStr=2026-06-23, pubDate=1735056000000, pubDateStr=2024-12-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1782200447828, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-23, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1782200447828, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1782200447828, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1276204178091413862, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, year='2024', volume='45', issue='12', pageStart='2487', pageEnd='2737', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1735056000000', pubDateStr='2024-12-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1782200386783, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782200456354, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1276204470308565242, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276204178091413862, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1276204470308565243, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276204178091413862, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=2646, endPage=2658, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1276204436343099658, articleId=1276204434132701448, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=EN, title=Composition and Diversity of Soil Microbial Community in Soil of Rubber Plantations with Different Yield Levels, columnId=1236292524264968282, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, columnName=Plant Protection & Bio-safety, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In this study, the microbial community was analyzed by high-throughput sequencing technology in the soil of rubber plantation with different yield levels (high yield, middle yield, low yield and none yield), and relationship between microbial community and soil physical and chemical properties was also studied. A total of 2116 bacteria OTUs were obtained from all examined samples, which belonged to 17 phyla, 53 classes, 99 orders, 164 families, 305 genera and 385 species. The dominant phyla of bacterial community were Acidobacteria, Proteobacteria and Firmicutes. A total of 1622 fungal OTUs were obtained from all soil samples, which belonged to 17 phyla, 49 classes, 113 orders, 242 families, 424 genera and 644 species. The dominant phyla of fungal community were Basidiomycota, Ascomycota and Mortierellomycota. The abundance of soil bacteria community showed a downward trend was observed with the decreasing of the yield level of rubber trees, while the difference of bacterial diversity index was not significant. Ace index and Chao1 index of soil fungi showed an upward trend, and Shannon index significantly increased, while the Simpson index decreased significantly, indicating that the richness and diversity of fungal community increased with the decreasing of the yield level. Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) showed that the community structure of soil bacteria or fungi was significantly different under the treatments. In addition, the relative abundance of dominant bacterial phyla also varied to different degrees. The characteristics of soil microbial community were closely related to soil pH and C/N. According to redundancy analysis (RDA) results, soil pH, available potassium and total nitrogen were the main soil physical and chemical factors affecting the dominant bacterial phyla, while the dominant fungal phyla were mainly affected by soil pH, available potassium and C/N.

, authors=null, authorsList=Shan ZHAN, Min WU, Haiyang MA, Guihua WANG, Chenming LIN, Zhengzao CHA, Dapeng WANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Min WU, Dapeng WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1276204441061691672, articleId=1276204434132701448, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=CN, title=不同产量水平橡胶林土壤微生物群落组成及多样性研究, columnId=1236292524520820846, journalTitle=热带作物学报, columnName=植物保护与生物安全, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

本研究选取不同产量水平(高产、中产、低产和死皮)的橡胶林,基于高通量测序技术分析土壤微生物群落组成、多样性及其与土壤理化性质的关系,以期为橡胶林土壤改良提供科学依据。结果表明:从4种产量水平橡胶林的土壤样本中共鉴定出17门、53纲、99目、164科、305属、385种细菌种类,获得2116个OTUs。共有的细菌优势门类为酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)。共获得1622个真菌OTUs,分属17门、49纲、113目、242科、424属、644种,其中担子菌门(Basidiomycota)、子囊菌门(Ascomycota)和被孢霉门(Mortierellomycota)为优势真菌门类。随着橡胶树产量水平的降低,土壤细菌群落丰富度呈下降趋势,但多样性指数无明显变化;真菌Ace指数、Chao1指数呈增加趋势,Shannon指数显著增加,Simpson指数显著降低,表明随着产量水平的下降,橡胶林土壤真菌群落的丰富度和多样性均上升。主坐标(PCoA)分析表明,细菌或真菌群落结构在不同产量水平橡胶林间均存在显著差异。此外,优势菌门的相对丰度也存在不同程度的差异,土壤微生物群落特征与土壤pH和C/N等理化因子密切相关。RDA分析表明,土壤pH、速效钾和全氮是影响细菌优势门类的主要土壤理化因子,真菌优势菌门则主要受土壤pH、速效钾和碳氮比的影响。

, authors=

詹杉(1997—),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:热带特色经济作物养分管理。

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* 吴敏(WU Min),E-mail:
王大鹏(WANG Dapeng),E-mail:
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詹杉(1997—),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:热带特色经济作物养分管理。

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詹杉(1997—),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:热带特色经济作物养分管理。

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Effects of two Bacillus spp. strains on the growth of peanut seedling and microbial community structure in rhizosphere soil[J]. Microbiology China, 2020, 47(11): 3551-3563. 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articleId=1276204434132701448, companyId=1276204442236096797, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.Danzhou Soil Environment of Rubber Plantation, Hainan Observation and Research Station, Danzhou, Hainan 571737, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276204442265456927, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276204434132701448, companyId=1276204442236096797, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.儋州橡胶林土壤环境海南省野外科学观测站,海南儋州 571737)]), AuthorCompany(id=1276204442626167073, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276204434132701448, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276204442647138594, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276204434132701448, companyId=1276204442626167073, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Tropical Crops Nutrition of Hainan Province, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524091, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276204442659721507, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276204434132701448, companyId=1276204442626167073, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.中国热带农业科学院南亚热带作物研究所/海南省热带作物营养重点实验室,广东湛江 524091)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1276204465275408728, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276204434132701448, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=PCoA analysis of soil bacteria (A) and fungi (B) at OTU level of different yield levels, figureFileSmall=NLjHF/skyhFacWXIZ2VdLg==, figureFileBig=bQSapv6Yfy6XWvCY9lv2UA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276204465699033433, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276204434132701448, language=CN, label=图1, caption=不同产量水平橡胶林土壤细菌(A)和真菌(B)OTU水平的PCoA分析, figureFileSmall=NLjHF/skyhFacWXIZ2VdLg==, figureFileBig=bQSapv6Yfy6XWvCY9lv2UA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276204468274336090, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276204434132701448, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Venn diagram of soil bacterial (A) and fungal (B) communities, figureFileSmall=z+9/FhjWobDX93zifzTAgg==, figureFileBig=GmvheomA4bGM5e3t37f8Cw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276204468626657627, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276204434132701448, language=CN, label=图2, caption=土壤细菌(A)和真菌(B)群落韦恩图, figureFileSmall=z+9/FhjWobDX93zifzTAgg==, figureFileBig=GmvheomA4bGM5e3t37f8Cw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276204468710543708, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276204434132701448, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Soil bacterial (A) and fungal (B) composition in rubber plantations at phylum level, figureFileSmall=pqPJvjGlvLmM4oRpaaJ5Uw==, figureFileBig=dgmVjx1aSTAL97FTzhvpuA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276204469054476637, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276204434132701448, language=CN, label=图3, caption=门水平上橡胶林土壤细菌(A)和真菌(B)群落组成, figureFileSmall=pqPJvjGlvLmM4oRpaaJ5Uw==, figureFileBig=dgmVjx1aSTAL97FTzhvpuA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276204469440352606, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276204434132701448, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Soil bacterial (A) and fungal (B) composition in rubber plantations at genus level, figureFileSmall=D7HOlyHzHKJu94yk5YnrfQ==, figureFileBig=7U6yHrg9lr3VM3S3PYHHIw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276204469893337439, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276204434132701448, language=CN, label=图4, caption=属水平上橡胶林土壤细菌(A)和真菌(B)群落组成, figureFileSmall=D7HOlyHzHKJu94yk5YnrfQ==, figureFileBig=7U6yHrg9lr3VM3S3PYHHIw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276204470295990624, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276204434132701448, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Correlation analysis between soil properties and microbial diversity index, figureFileSmall=/D13tbUHDGfyBFgiDlzstw==, figureFileBig=48LxfEu3E4VF92GRelBzqQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276204472376365409, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276204434132701448, language=CN, label=图5, caption=土壤性质与微生物多样性指数的相关性分析

*表示显著相关(P<0.05);**表示极显著相关(P<0.01)。

, figureFileSmall=/D13tbUHDGfyBFgiDlzstw==, figureFileBig=48LxfEu3E4VF92GRelBzqQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276204473341055330, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276204434132701448, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=RDA analysis of soil properties and main bacterial (A) and fungal (B) phyla, figureFileSmall=FAYe3ZZENdWthfOsZ0ghZg==, figureFileBig=rnxD4crAT7eF5hi9O9It7g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276204474054087011, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276204434132701448, language=CN, label=图6, caption=土壤性质与主要细菌(A)和真菌(B)门类的RDA分析, figureFileSmall=FAYe3ZZENdWthfOsZ0ghZg==, figureFileBig=rnxD4crAT7eF5hi9O9It7g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276204474167333220, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276204434132701448, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Soil physical and chemical properties in rubber plantations at different yield levels

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理TreatmentpH有机质OM/(g·kg-1)全氮TN/(g·kg-1)有效磷AP/(mg·kg-1)速效钾AK/(mg·kg-1)碳氮比C/N
高产4.78±0.08a21.01±4.75a1.05±0.28a12.76±3.38b65.57±6.13b11.69±0.50c
中产4.94±0.20a17.33±3.15a0.79±0.17a3.52±0.73c94.49±9.23a13.49±1.30bc
低产4.59±0.06b12.17±0.29b0.43±0.07b19.08±5.89a46.99±2.18c16.14±1.77a
死皮4.21±0.03c19.05±0.86a0.79±0.07a25.29±4.37a55.32±1.29c14.23±0.82b
), ArticleFig(id=1276204474892947813, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276204434132701448, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同产量水平橡胶林土壤理化性质

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理TreatmentpH有机质OM/(g·kg-1)全氮TN/(g·kg-1)有效磷AP/(mg·kg-1)速效钾AK/(mg·kg-1)碳氮比C/N
高产4.78±0.08a21.01±4.75a1.05±0.28a12.76±3.38b65.57±6.13b11.69±0.50c
中产4.94±0.20a17.33±3.15a0.79±0.17a3.52±0.73c94.49±9.23a13.49±1.30bc
低产4.59±0.06b12.17±0.29b0.43±0.07b19.08±5.89a46.99±2.18c16.14±1.77a
死皮4.21±0.03c19.05±0.86a0.79±0.07a25.29±4.37a55.32±1.29c14.23±0.82b
), ArticleFig(id=1276204476604223846, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276204434132701448, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Soil microbial diversity indexes in rubber plantations of different yield levels

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
微生物Microorganism处理TreatmentOUTs数目OUTs numberAce指数Ace indexChao 1指数Chao 1 indexShannon指数Shannon indexSimpson指数Simpson indexCoverage指数Coverage index
细菌高产14871334.05±46.68ab1331.9±29.79ab5.58±0.26a0.015±0.008a0.9776±0.0014a
中产15581384.29±57.28a1393.63±66.60a5.72±0.17a0.010±0.003a0.9760±0.0009a
低产15281418.45±53.17a1419.78±58.56a5.85±0.13a0.008±0.001a0.9754±0.0003a
死皮13811267.35±31.96b1270.77±66.15b5.56±0.08a0.013±0.003a0.9774±0.0020a
真菌高产490376.29±27.86b376.72±37.16b1.49±0.16c0.590±0.030a0.9963±0.0001a
中产593357.95±23.37b357.42±20.12b2.68±0.36b0.240±0.080b0.9976±0.0007a
低产734439.32±76.45b442.89±73.81b3.84±0.22a0.070±0.020c0.9979±0.0009a
死皮814538.57±38.53a540.98±40.08a4.00±0.31a0.060±0.010c0.9965±0.0016a
), ArticleFig(id=1276204477053014375, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276204434132701448, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同产量水平橡胶林土壤微生物多样性指数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
微生物Microorganism处理TreatmentOUTs数目OUTs numberAce指数Ace indexChao 1指数Chao 1 indexShannon指数Shannon indexSimpson指数Simpson indexCoverage指数Coverage index
细菌高产14871334.05±46.68ab1331.9±29.79ab5.58±0.26a0.015±0.008a0.9776±0.0014a
中产15581384.29±57.28a1393.63±66.60a5.72±0.17a0.010±0.003a0.9760±0.0009a
低产15281418.45±53.17a1419.78±58.56a5.85±0.13a0.008±0.001a0.9754±0.0003a
死皮13811267.35±31.96b1270.77±66.15b5.56±0.08a0.013±0.003a0.9774±0.0020a
真菌高产490376.29±27.86b376.72±37.16b1.49±0.16c0.590±0.030a0.9963±0.0001a
中产593357.95±23.37b357.42±20.12b2.68±0.36b0.240±0.080b0.9976±0.0007a
低产734439.32±76.45b442.89±73.81b3.84±0.22a0.070±0.020c0.9979±0.0009a
死皮814538.57±38.53a540.98±40.08a4.00±0.31a0.060±0.010c0.9965±0.0016a
), ArticleFig(id=1276204477862515048, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276204434132701448, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

Relative abundance of soil bacteria communities at phylum level in rubber plantations of different yield levels

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理Treatment相对丰度Relative abundance/%
酸杆菌门Acidobacteria变形菌门Proteobacteria厚壁菌门Firmicutes浮霉菌门Planctomycetes疣微菌门Verrucomicrobia放线菌门Actinobacteria
高产21.44±4.33b26.51±2.65a23.79±10.07a7.03±1.71a3.36±0.66b6.17±0.60a
中产23.16±5.08b27.09±1.99a22.13±5.53a9.34±0.55a7.28±1.02a1.71±0.55b
低产27.92±1.57ab27.61±0.70a19.63±2.84a9.18±2.19a4.22±0.48b2.28±1.57b
死皮33.98±5.08a22.75±0.89b18.54±4.22a8.48±0.37a6.29±1.32a1.72±0.98b
), ArticleFig(id=1276204478281945449, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276204434132701448, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同产量水平橡胶林土壤细菌群落门水平相对丰度

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理Treatment相对丰度Relative abundance/%
酸杆菌门Acidobacteria变形菌门Proteobacteria厚壁菌门Firmicutes浮霉菌门Planctomycetes疣微菌门Verrucomicrobia放线菌门Actinobacteria
高产21.44±4.33b26.51±2.65a23.79±10.07a7.03±1.71a3.36±0.66b6.17±0.60a
中产23.16±5.08b27.09±1.99a22.13±5.53a9.34±0.55a7.28±1.02a1.71±0.55b
低产27.92±1.57ab27.61±0.70a19.63±2.84a9.18±2.19a4.22±0.48b2.28±1.57b
死皮33.98±5.08a22.75±0.89b18.54±4.22a8.48±0.37a6.29±1.32a1.72±0.98b
), ArticleFig(id=1276204478701375850, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276204434132701448, language=EN, label=Tab. 4, caption=

Relative abundance of soil fungal communities at phylum level in rubber plantations of different yield levels

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理Treatment相对丰度Relative abundance/%
担子菌门Basidiomycota子囊菌门Ascomycota被孢霉门Mortierellomycota罗兹菌门Rozellomycota壶菌门Chytridiomycota捕虫霉门Zoopagomycota
高产82.92±1.17a8.31±1.76b5.58±1.25d0.73±0.02b0.41±0.20b0.12±0.02b
中产19.58±3.84c25.91±7.58a46.69±9.06a3.31±1.32ab0.76±0.42b0.62±0.44b
低产41.52±0.35b23.28±1.99a19.44±0.85c4.36±0.57a2.47±1.03a0.24±0.11b
死皮19.33±1.37c32.13±4.77a33.79±3.61b5.38±2.69a2.51±1.16a2.30±1.08a
), ArticleFig(id=1276204479145972076, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276204434132701448, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同产量水平橡胶林土壤真菌群落门水平相对丰度

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理Treatment相对丰度Relative abundance/%
担子菌门Basidiomycota子囊菌门Ascomycota被孢霉门Mortierellomycota罗兹菌门Rozellomycota壶菌门Chytridiomycota捕虫霉门Zoopagomycota
高产82.92±1.17a8.31±1.76b5.58±1.25d0.73±0.02b0.41±0.20b0.12±0.02b
中产19.58±3.84c25.91±7.58a46.69±9.06a3.31±1.32ab0.76±0.42b0.62±0.44b
低产41.52±0.35b23.28±1.99a19.44±0.85c4.36±0.57a2.47±1.03a0.24±0.11b
死皮19.33±1.37c32.13±4.77a33.79±3.61b5.38±2.69a2.51±1.16a2.30±1.08a
), ArticleFig(id=1276204480811110765, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276204434132701448, language=EN, label=Tab. 5, caption=

Correlation analysis between soil physical and chemical properties and microbial dominant genera

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
微生物Microorganism优势属Dominant generapH有机质OM全氮TN碳氮比C/N有效磷AP速效钾AK
细菌unclassified_f__Acidobacteriaceae-0.843**-0.401-0.5140.635*0.634*-0.498
新芽孢杆菌属Neobacillus0.0100.702*0.678*-0.4700.075-0.150
unclassified_f__Gemmataceae-0.449-0.593*-0.675*0.707*0.479-0.102
西索恩氏菌属Chthoniobacter0.0560.057-0.0080.019-0.5240.712**
unclassified_o__Hyphomicrobiales-0.511-0.024-0.060-0.0250.520-0.087
芽孢杆菌属Bacillus0.3020.5600.612*-0.500-0.145-0.204
Vicinamibacter0.628*0.4210.522-0.693*-0.600*0.440
unclassified_f__Bacillaceae0.545-0.282-0.2270.175-0.5380.555
unclassified_o__Rhodospirillales-0.635*-0.362-0.4270.4310.677*-0.335
unclassified_c__Betaproteobacteria0.807**-0.143-0.054-0.046-0.604*0.384
真菌被孢霉属Mortierella-0.0880.1310.084-0.056-0.3260.403
皮蘑属Dermoloma0.3050.2810.388-0.553-0.0720.015
unclassified_c__Dothideomycetes0.5310.1000.123-0.195-0.5580.732**
原隐球菌属Saitozyma-0.764**0.150-0.0100.2520.441-0.212
伞菌属Agaricus-0.024-0.561-0.4970.3980.173-0.424
秃马勃属Calvatia0.097-0.528-0.5660.619*-0.048-0.209
unclassified_f__Lycoperdaceae-0.047-0.640*-0.640*0.682*0.404-0.421
unclassified_p__Chytridiomycota0.0280.3630.360-0.2270.018-0.271
unclassified_p__Rozellomycota-0.665*-0.088-0.1990.3260.388-0.296
unclassified_p__Ascomycota-0.460-0.120-0.1810.2310.496-0.390
), ArticleFig(id=1276204480920162670, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276204434132701448, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

土壤理化性质与微生物优势属的相关性分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
微生物Microorganism优势属Dominant generapH有机质OM全氮TN碳氮比C/N有效磷AP速效钾AK
细菌unclassified_f__Acidobacteriaceae-0.843**-0.401-0.5140.635*0.634*-0.498
新芽孢杆菌属Neobacillus0.0100.702*0.678*-0.4700.075-0.150
unclassified_f__Gemmataceae-0.449-0.593*-0.675*0.707*0.479-0.102
西索恩氏菌属Chthoniobacter0.0560.057-0.0080.019-0.5240.712**
unclassified_o__Hyphomicrobiales-0.511-0.024-0.060-0.0250.520-0.087
芽孢杆菌属Bacillus0.3020.5600.612*-0.500-0.145-0.204
Vicinamibacter0.628*0.4210.522-0.693*-0.600*0.440
unclassified_f__Bacillaceae0.545-0.282-0.2270.175-0.5380.555
unclassified_o__Rhodospirillales-0.635*-0.362-0.4270.4310.677*-0.335
unclassified_c__Betaproteobacteria0.807**-0.143-0.054-0.046-0.604*0.384
真菌被孢霉属Mortierella-0.0880.1310.084-0.056-0.3260.403
皮蘑属Dermoloma0.3050.2810.388-0.553-0.0720.015
unclassified_c__Dothideomycetes0.5310.1000.123-0.195-0.5580.732**
原隐球菌属Saitozyma-0.764**0.150-0.0100.2520.441-0.212
伞菌属Agaricus-0.024-0.561-0.4970.3980.173-0.424
秃马勃属Calvatia0.097-0.528-0.5660.619*-0.048-0.209
unclassified_f__Lycoperdaceae-0.047-0.640*-0.640*0.682*0.404-0.421
unclassified_p__Chytridiomycota0.0280.3630.360-0.2270.018-0.271
unclassified_p__Rozellomycota-0.665*-0.088-0.1990.3260.388-0.296
unclassified_p__Ascomycota-0.460-0.120-0.1810.2310.496-0.390
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不同产量水平橡胶林土壤微生物群落组成及多样性研究
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詹杉 1, 2 , 吴敏 1, 2, * , 马海洋 3 , 王桂花 1, 2 , 林琛茗 1, 2 , 茶正早 1, 2 , 王大鹏 1, 2, *
热带作物学报 | 植物保护与生物安全 2024,45(12): 2646-2658
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热带作物学报 |植物保护与生物安全 2024 , 45 (12) : 2646 -2658
不同产量水平橡胶林土壤微生物群落组成及多样性研究
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詹杉1, 2, 吴敏1, 2, * , 马海洋3, 王桂花1, 2, 林琛茗1, 2, 茶正早1, 2, 王大鹏1, 2, *
作者信息
  • 1.中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所,海南海口 571101
  • 2.儋州橡胶林土壤环境海南省野外科学观测站,海南儋州 571737
  • 3.中国热带农业科学院南亚热带作物研究所/海南省热带作物营养重点实验室,广东湛江 524091
通讯作者:
* 吴敏(WU Min),E-mail:
王大鹏(WANG Dapeng),E-mail:
Composition and Diversity of Soil Microbial Community in Soil of Rubber Plantations with Different Yield Levels
Shan ZHAN1, 2, Min WU1, 2, * , Haiyang MA3, Guihua WANG1, 2, Chenming LIN1, 2, Zhengzao CHA1, 2, Dapeng WANG1, 2, *
Affiliations
  • 1.Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China
  • 2.Danzhou Soil Environment of Rubber Plantation, Hainan Observation and Research Station, Danzhou, Hainan 571737, China
  • 3.South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Tropical Crops Nutrition of Hainan Province, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524091, China
出版时间: 2024-12-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.12.017
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本研究选取不同产量水平(高产、中产、低产和死皮)的橡胶林,基于高通量测序技术分析土壤微生物群落组成、多样性及其与土壤理化性质的关系,以期为橡胶林土壤改良提供科学依据。结果表明:从4种产量水平橡胶林的土壤样本中共鉴定出17门、53纲、99目、164科、305属、385种细菌种类,获得2116个OTUs。共有的细菌优势门类为酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)。共获得1622个真菌OTUs,分属17门、49纲、113目、242科、424属、644种,其中担子菌门(Basidiomycota)、子囊菌门(Ascomycota)和被孢霉门(Mortierellomycota)为优势真菌门类。随着橡胶树产量水平的降低,土壤细菌群落丰富度呈下降趋势,但多样性指数无明显变化;真菌Ace指数、Chao1指数呈增加趋势,Shannon指数显著增加,Simpson指数显著降低,表明随着产量水平的下降,橡胶林土壤真菌群落的丰富度和多样性均上升。主坐标(PCoA)分析表明,细菌或真菌群落结构在不同产量水平橡胶林间均存在显著差异。此外,优势菌门的相对丰度也存在不同程度的差异,土壤微生物群落特征与土壤pH和C/N等理化因子密切相关。RDA分析表明,土壤pH、速效钾和全氮是影响细菌优势门类的主要土壤理化因子,真菌优势菌门则主要受土壤pH、速效钾和碳氮比的影响。

橡胶林  /  砖红壤  /  微生物群落  /  多样性  /  土壤理化性质

In this study, the microbial community was analyzed by high-throughput sequencing technology in the soil of rubber plantation with different yield levels (high yield, middle yield, low yield and none yield), and relationship between microbial community and soil physical and chemical properties was also studied. A total of 2116 bacteria OTUs were obtained from all examined samples, which belonged to 17 phyla, 53 classes, 99 orders, 164 families, 305 genera and 385 species. The dominant phyla of bacterial community were Acidobacteria, Proteobacteria and Firmicutes. A total of 1622 fungal OTUs were obtained from all soil samples, which belonged to 17 phyla, 49 classes, 113 orders, 242 families, 424 genera and 644 species. The dominant phyla of fungal community were Basidiomycota, Ascomycota and Mortierellomycota. The abundance of soil bacteria community showed a downward trend was observed with the decreasing of the yield level of rubber trees, while the difference of bacterial diversity index was not significant. Ace index and Chao1 index of soil fungi showed an upward trend, and Shannon index significantly increased, while the Simpson index decreased significantly, indicating that the richness and diversity of fungal community increased with the decreasing of the yield level. Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) showed that the community structure of soil bacteria or fungi was significantly different under the treatments. In addition, the relative abundance of dominant bacterial phyla also varied to different degrees. The characteristics of soil microbial community were closely related to soil pH and C/N. According to redundancy analysis (RDA) results, soil pH, available potassium and total nitrogen were the main soil physical and chemical factors affecting the dominant bacterial phyla, while the dominant fungal phyla were mainly affected by soil pH, available potassium and C/N.

rubber plantation  /  lateritic soil  /  microbial community  /  diversity  /  soil physical and chemical properties
詹杉, 吴敏, 马海洋, 王桂花, 林琛茗, 茶正早, 王大鹏. 不同产量水平橡胶林土壤微生物群落组成及多样性研究. 热带作物学报, 2024 , 45 (12) : 2646 -2658 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.12.017
Shan ZHAN, Min WU, Haiyang MA, Guihua WANG, Chenming LIN, Zhengzao CHA, Dapeng WANG. Composition and Diversity of Soil Microbial Community in Soil of Rubber Plantations with Different Yield Levels[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2024 , 45 (12) : 2646 -2658 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.12.017
橡胶树(Hevea brasiliensis)是热区典型的经济林作物。天然橡胶作为重要的战略资源,在当今世界仍具有不可替代性。从20世纪50年代起,我国开始大力发展天然橡胶产业,现有橡胶种植面积约113万hm2,年产量约80万t,分别居世界第3和第4位[1]。海南岛是我国橡胶树的主要种植区,其种植面积约占全国种植面积的一半[2]。然而受自然条件的制约,以及天然橡胶消费量持续攀升,当前我国的天然橡胶自给率不及15%,因此尽可能提高单产,保障国产胶自给能力仍是我国天然橡胶产业的一项重要任务。但是经过长期连续的植胶生产,海南植胶区存在土壤肥力持续下降和单产提升困难等严重问题[3-4]。良好的土壤环境是橡胶树正常生长和产胶的基础,土壤微生物群落作为土壤生态系统的重要组成部分,在调节生态系统功能中起着关键作用[5]。如植物生长、土壤养分循环、能量流动及污染物降解等[6]。因此,研究不同产量水平橡胶林土壤微生物特征差异及其与土壤环境因子的关系,对于揭示土壤质量与橡胶树产胶量的关系,以及橡胶林土壤改良具有重要的指导意义。
随着分子生物学等研究方法的发展,国内外学者对土壤微生物多样性展开了更加全面的研究。如GUO等[7]通过磷脂脂肪酸(PLFAs)分析方法检测海南岛不同土壤母质和种植年限橡胶林根际土壤微生物的群落特征。BAHRAM等[8]通过宏基因组学和DNA宏条形码技术测定全球尺度上的表层土样,解析了土壤pH在土壤细菌群落多样性和组成方面的关键作用。近年来,在土壤理化性质与土壤微生物群落结构互效等方面的研究也取得了一系列重要进展[9-12]。与此同时,橡胶林土壤微生物研究也开展了一定研究。杨帆[13]的研究表明,橡胶林土壤理化性质与微生物分布呈显著相关,影响微生物分布的主要环境因子为土壤速效钾、全钾和土壤含水量;周玉杰等[14]通过高通量测序研究不同林龄橡胶林土壤真菌的多样性及群落组成,发现土壤钾元素含量是影响土壤真菌群落多样性的重要因素;赵春梅等[15]研究发现,不同母质发育的橡胶林土壤真菌群落结构存在明显差异,其关键影响因子为土壤有机碳、有效氮和全氮等。从上述研究来看,橡胶林土壤微生物研究相对集中在土壤母质类型、林龄以及不同管理措施等方面,而不同产量水平下橡胶林土壤微生物群落结构和多样性是否存在显著差异?以及在此条件下,哪些土壤理化因子与土壤微生物之间存在显著相关性?仍缺乏深入研究。
随着第3代测序技术的发展,高通量测序技术在测定微生物多样性和群落组成方面具有明显优势,为土壤微生物研究提供了更加丰富的技术手段[16-18]。本研究以不同产量水平(高产、中产、低产和死皮)的橡胶林为研究对象,基于高通量测序技术比较分析不同产量水平下橡胶林土壤微生物群落结构和多样性的差异特征,并探讨不同土壤理化性质与土壤微生物间的相互关系,以期为橡胶林土壤改良和定向培育提供理论依据。
研究区位于海南省儋州市中国热带农业科学院试验场七队和红洋队基地(108°56′~109°46′E,19°11′~19°52′N),属于热带季风气候区,多年年均气温23.5 ℃,年均日照时数2100 h,年均降雨量1650 mm,旱季雨季交替明显。试验区均为二代橡胶林,土壤类型为花岗片麻岩发育的砖红壤。
共设置4个处理:高产(HY),株产6 kg及以上;中产(MY),株产4~5 kg;低产(LY),株产低于3 kg;死皮(NY),株产为0 kg。在中国热带农业科学院儋州试验场七队选取高产橡胶林和中产橡胶林,红洋队选取低产橡胶林和死皮橡胶林。每种产量水平橡胶林均设置有3个地块,地块面积为15 m×20 m,共计12块样地。橡胶树品种为热研7-33-97,每666.67 m2种植32株左右,株行距为3.5 m×6.0 m,于2004年种植,2011年开割,割龄为12 a。2022年高产、中产、低产橡胶林每株干胶产量分别为6.7、4.9、2.0 kg。试验橡胶树采取的割制是S/2 d4 1.5% ET(即1/2树围,4 d1刀,1.5%乙烯利刺激)。研究区内橡胶树的立地条件、栽培技术、管理措施及割胶制度基本一致。
于2023年9月采集土壤样品。取样前去除地面植被和凋落物,然后按照“S”形取样法在同一样方内采取表层土壤的5个样点,将其混合成1个土样,每份混合土样约500 g,将混合土样装袋封存后立即放入冰盒(4 ℃)。带回实验室后将土样分装为多份,其中一份(约3 g)装入无菌塑料管中,随后放入冰箱(-80 ℃)保存,用于土壤微生物分析;另一部分经风干、研磨后,过2 mm筛,用于土壤基础理化性质分析。同时留出部分原始土样存于-80 ℃冰箱备用。
(1)土壤基本理化性质测定。使用pH计以1∶2.5土水比测定土壤pH;采用元素分析仪测定土壤有机质(SOM)和全氮(TN)含量;有效磷(AP)经盐酸-氟化铵提取,采用连续流动分析仪法测定;速效钾(AK)经中性乙酸铵浸提,采用火焰光度计测定。
(2)DNA抽提、扩增及测序。土壤样品微生物总DNA提取和测序由美吉生物医药科技(上海)有限公司完成。利用试剂盒(Omega Bio-Tek, Norcross, GA, USA)从土壤样本中提取总DNA样本,然后以其为模版进行PCR扩增。其中,细菌群落分析采用27F(5′-AGRGTTYGATYMTGGCTCAG-3′)和1492R(5′-RGYTACCTTGTTACGACTT-3′)引物扩增16S rRNA基因全长,真菌群落分析利用ITS1F(5′-CTTGGTCATTTAGAGGAAGTAA-3′)和ITS4R(5′-TCCTCCGCTTATTGATATGC-3′)引物扩增ITS全长。PCR反应组分主要为模板DNA、上下游引物、Fast Pfu DNA聚合酶、反应缓冲液及dNTPs混合液。反应程序:95 ℃预变性3 min;95 ℃变性30 s,60 ℃退火30 s,72 ℃延伸45 s,循环27次;72 ℃稳定延伸10 min,最后于4 ℃保存。重复3次(PCR仪:T100 Thermal Cycler PCR,USA)。产物在2%琼脂糖凝胶中进行电泳检测后对其进行纯化,并通过Qubit 4.0(Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA)对纯化产物进行定量。纯化的PCR产物按等摩尔比混合,在Pacbio Sequel IIe System平台进行测序。
基于97%相似度,通过Uparse 7.1软件对优化序列进行OTU聚类。在OTU水平上计算土壤样本微生物的Alpha多样性指数。对比unite8.0/its_f ungi数据库,采用RDP Classifier进行OTU物种分类注释,对不同分类水平下微生物群落分布进行可视化处理。采用SPSS 20.0软件对试验数据进行方差分析;采用Origin 2022软件进行微生物多样性指数与土壤因子的相关性分析。采用Canoco 5.0软件进行微生物群落组成与土壤理化因子的冗余分析。
表1可知,不同产量水平橡胶林样地土壤pH均低于5.00。其中,高、中产橡胶林土壤pH显著高于低产和死皮橡胶林,死皮橡胶林土壤pH<4.5,为强酸性土壤。土壤有机质和全氮含量以高产、中产和死皮样地较高,低产橡胶林最低,且显著低于其他橡胶林;土壤有效磷含量以低产和死皮橡胶林最高,中产橡胶林最低,速效钾含量的变化规律则与其相反;碳氮比以低产橡胶林最高,且显著高于其他产量橡胶林。
在Alpha多样性分析中,Ace与Chao1指数可用于估计群落中的物种数,而Shannon与Simpson指数用于衡量物种多样性[19]。由表2可知,土壤细菌和真菌群落Coverage指数均超过95%,覆盖率较好,说明本次测序深度满足要求。土壤微生物群落多样性在不同产量橡胶林间存在明显差异。高、中、低产橡胶林间细菌和真菌的丰富度指数差异不明显。与高、中、低产橡胶林相比,死皮橡胶林中细菌群落丰富度显著下降,而真菌群落的丰富度则显著提升。不同产量橡胶林下细菌群落多样性无显著差异,而真菌Shannon指数在高、中、低产橡胶林之间达到显著性水平,且多样性随产量下降显著上升。与细菌群落相比,真菌群落多样性变化更加显著。从高产、中产、低产、死皮不同产量水平看,Ace指数、Chao1指数及Shannon指数呈增加趋势,Simpson指数呈降低趋势,表明随着产量水平的下降,橡胶林真菌群落的丰富度和多样性均上升。
基于abund-jaccard算法的主坐标分析(PCoA)表明,细菌和真菌群落结构在不同处理间均存在极显著差异(细菌:R=1.000,P=0.001;真菌:R=0.710,P=0.001)。第1主成分(PC1)和第2主成分(PC2)共同解释了细菌群落结构差异的78.05%(图1A)。不同处理的土壤细菌群落在二维空间中未重叠,分布位置相对分散,说明不同产量水平橡胶林土壤细菌群落结构差异较为明显。同一处理下各样本点彼此非常接近,群落组成分散差异不大,表明样点在OUT水平上细菌组成具有相似性。对真菌而言,PC1和PC2共同解释了真菌群落结构差异的64.20%(图1B)。4种产量水平橡胶林所占空间相对比较独立,低产和死皮橡胶林对应的点在图中较为集中,且距离较近,二者与高、中产橡胶林均有一定分离。说明低产与死皮橡胶林土壤真菌群落组成的变异性较小,高、中产橡胶林土壤真菌群落与低产橡胶林之间存在显著差异。
4个产量水平橡胶林的12个土壤样本中共获得554 573条细菌优化序列,平均序列长度为1453 bp。按照97%相似度进行聚类分析,共得到17门、53纲、99目、164科、305属、385种和2116个OTUs。由图2A可知,4个处理的细菌OTUs数目分别为高产1487个、中产1558个、低产1528个、死皮1381个。共有的OTUs为821个,各处理所特有的OTUs数量不一致,其中高产橡胶林独有的细菌OTUs数最多,为133个;共获得512 696条有效真菌序列,平均长度为653 bp。所有真菌基因序列经鉴定分为17门、49纲、113目、242科、424属、644种,共得到1622个OTUs。由图2B可知,土壤真菌群落在不同橡产量水平橡胶林下的OUTs数分别为高产490个、中产593个、低产734个、死皮814个。共有的OTUs数为123个,死皮橡胶林特有的OTUs数最多,为285个,高产橡胶林所特有的OTUs数最少,为162个。
图3A可知,4种产量水平橡胶林的土壤细菌群落结构组成相近,各处理土壤细菌共有的优势门类为酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)。其中,酸杆菌门的相对丰度为21.44%~33.98%,在死皮林中的丰度显著高于其他处理;变形菌门相对丰度为22.75%~27.61%,在高、中、低产林中丰度较高;厚壁菌门相对丰度为18.54%~23.79%,浮霉菌门(Planctomycetes)相对丰度为7.03%~9.34%,二者的相对丰度在各橡胶林中无显著差异;与死皮橡胶林相比,高产橡胶林中疣微菌门(Verrucomicrobia, 3.36%~7.28%)的相对丰度显著降低;高产橡胶林中放线菌门(Actinobacteria,1.71%~6.17%)的相对丰度则显著高于其他处理(表3)。在真菌群落中,担子菌门(Basidiomycota,19.33%~82.92%)、子囊菌门(Ascomycota,8.31%~32.13%)、被孢霉门(Mortierellomycota,5.58%~46.69%)和罗兹菌门(Rozellomycota,0.73%~5.38%)为橡胶林土壤的优势真菌门(图3B表4)。不同处理间土壤优势真菌门相对丰度具有较大差异。高产橡胶林中担子菌门相对丰度高达82.92%,显著高于其他橡胶林;子囊菌门和罗兹菌门在高产橡胶林中的相对丰度则显著低于其他橡胶林;被孢霉门的相对丰度以中产橡胶林最高,依次是死皮橡胶林、低产橡胶林、高产橡胶林。此外,4种产量水平橡胶林还存在一些共同的少数类菌群(相对丰度不足1.00%),如壶菌门(Chytridiomycota)、捕虫霉门(Zoopagomycota)和球囊菌门(Glomeromycota)等菌群,且死皮橡胶林中少数类菌群相对其他橡胶林较为丰富。
从属水平来看,4种橡胶林下的细菌群落均含有unclassified_f__Acidobacteriaceae、新芽孢杆菌属(Neobacillus)、unclassified_f__Gemmataceae、西索恩氏菌属(Chthoniobacter)、unclassified_o__Hyphomicrobiales、芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、Vicinamibacterunclassified_f__Bacillaceaeunclassified_o__Rhodospirillales等(图4A)。以酸杆菌门中酸杆菌纲的unclassified_f__Acidobacteriaceae(18.73%)和厚壁菌门中芽孢杆菌纲的新芽孢杆菌(7.13%)所占比例最多,为优势类群。各橡胶林中土壤unclassified_f__ Acidobacteriaceae的丰度差异较大,依次为NY(25.50%)>LY(20.98%)>MY(14.99%)>HY(13.44%)。
土壤真菌在属水平上丰度≥1.00%的属有16个,以被孢霉属(Mortierella, 23.14%)、皮蘑属(Dermoloma, 12.80%)和unclassified_c__Dothideomycetes(5.35%)的相对丰度较高,其次为原隐球菌属(Saitozyma, 4.19%)、伞菌属(Agaricus,3.71%)、秃马勃属(Calvatia, 3.08%)、unclassified_f__Lycoperdaceae(2.67%)、unclassified_p__Chytridiomycota(2.57%)、unclassified_p__Rozellomycota(2.48%)、unclassified_p__Ascomycota(2.04%)等(图4B)。各橡胶林真菌优势属和相对丰度存在差异。高产橡胶林中优势属依次为皮蘑属(51.21%)、被孢霉属(11.37%)、unclassified_p__Chytridiomycota(5.08%)、疣孢霉属(Verruconis, 2.42%)、原隐球菌属(1.48%)等;中产橡胶林中优势属依次为被孢霉属(39.00%)、unclassified_c__Dothideomycetes(19.39%)、unclassified_o__GS11(3.85%)、秃马勃属(3.12%)、unclassified_p__Rozellomycota(1.84%)等;低产橡胶林中优势属依次为被孢霉属(15.33%)、伞菌属(12.85%)、unclassified_f__Lycoperdaceae(10.21%)、秃马勃属(8.43%)、unclassified_p__Ascomycota(2.75%)等;死皮橡胶林中优势属依次为被孢霉属(26.85%)、原隐球菌属(11.74%)、unclassified_o__Eurotiales(6.60%)、unclassified_p__Rozellomycota(4.83%)、unclassified_p__Ascomycota(3.50%)等。
对土壤理化因子与微生物多样性指数进行相关性分析。结果显示,土壤pH与速效钾(AK)呈显著正相关,与碳氮比(C/N)和有效磷(AP)分别呈显著和极显著负相关。土壤有机质(SOM)与全氮(TN)呈极显著正相关,C/N与SOM和TN均呈极显著负相关。土壤因子与微生物群落相互作用,SOM、TN与细菌Shannon指数呈极显著正相关,与细菌Simpson指数呈负相关。真菌丰富度指数ACE与AP呈极显著正相关关系,与pH呈极显著负相关。真菌Shannon指数与C/N呈极显著正相关,与pH、TN均呈负相关关系(图5)。不同土壤理化性质对微生物群落多样性特征影响各不相同,pH和TN对不同产量橡胶林土壤微生物群落多样性影响较大。
通过冗余分析(RDA)分析不同样本细菌和真菌门类与不同土壤因子间的相关性(图6)。RDA1(41.32%)和RDA2(19.11%)共解释土壤中细菌群落变异的60.43%,且主要影响因素为土壤pH、TN和AK。其中,酸杆菌门与土壤C/N、AP呈正相关,与pH呈负相关。变形菌门则与pH呈正相关,与SOM呈负相关。厚壁菌门、放线菌门与pH、SOM、TN呈正相关关系,与土壤C/N呈负相关。次优势类群浮霉菌门、疣微菌门与TN、SOM呈负相关关系(图6A)。对真菌群落而言,RDA1和RDA2累积解释率达66.35%,pH是显著影响真菌群落组成的最主要的因子,其次为AK和C/N。其中,C/N与子囊菌门、捕虫霉门、罗兹菌门、壶菌门呈正相关,与担子菌门呈负相关,而pH与TN对这些真菌门类的影响则相反(图6B)。AK对被孢霉门有促进作用,而对壶菌门有一定的抑制作用。结果表明,不同的菌落组成对不同土壤环境因子的响应程度不同,pH是本研究中土壤细菌和真菌群落结构的主要土壤限制因子。
土壤因子与微生物优势属间的相关性分析如表5所示。土壤pH与细菌群落的Vicinamibacter呈显著正相关,与unclassified_f__Acidobacteriaceaeunclassified_o__Rhodospirillales呈显著负相关;SOM、TN与新芽孢杆菌属呈显著正相关,与unclassified_f__Gemmataceae呈显著负相关;C/N与unclassified_f__Acidobacteriaceaeunclassified_f__Gemmataceae呈正相关,与Vicinamibacter、芽孢杆菌属呈负相关;AP与unclassified_f__Acidobacteriaceaeunclassified_o__Rhodospirillales呈显著正相关,与Vicinamibacterunclassified_c__Betaproteobacteria呈显著正相关;AK与西索恩氏菌属呈极显著正相关。真菌优势属与土壤理化性质的相关性较弱。pH与原隐球菌属、unclassified_p__Rozellomycota呈显著负相关;SOM、TN与unclassified_f__Lycoperdaceae呈显著负相关,C/N与unclassified_f__Lycoperdaceae呈正相关;AK与unclassified_c__Dothideomycetes呈极显著正相关。结果表明,与微生物属水平相关性较高的因子为pH和C/N。
微生物群落的丰富度与多样性对生态系统恢复和可持续发展至关重要。研究表明,土壤中微生物类型由“细菌型”向“真菌型”转变,会加剧土壤连作障碍,从而影响土壤健康和植物生长[20]。本研究结果显示,正常产胶的橡胶林土壤细菌丰富度指数和多样性指数均高于死皮橡胶林,而死皮橡胶林土壤中真菌群落的丰度和多样性更高。一方面,死皮橡胶林土壤呈强酸性,土壤中的高浓度氢离子抑制细菌生长[21];另一方面,土壤中微生物存在竞争排斥作用[22],土壤中细菌多样性的增加间接或直接地影响真菌的生长。因此可能导致研究区死皮橡胶林中细菌群落丰度较低而真菌群落丰度和多样性高的结果。相对而言,高、中、低产橡胶林间土壤细菌和真菌群落的丰富度差异不明显。这可能与高、中、低产橡胶林的种植方式、施肥管理措施、林下植被类型以及土壤类型等相差不大有关。
土壤微生物群落结构分析表明,不同产量水平橡胶林土壤的优势细菌门为酸杆菌门、变形菌门和厚壁菌门,三者占比之和超过土壤细菌的70%,与以往研究结果[23]相似。各橡胶林土壤细菌群落中以酸杆菌门丰度最高,酸杆菌门的unclassified_f__Acidobacteriaceae在所有属中占比最高,揭示了橡胶林土壤营养条件贫瘠这一特点。随着土壤pH下降,橡胶林土壤酸杆菌门的丰度呈现出明显的上升趋势。酸杆菌作为嗜酸菌,可以在缺氧的酸性条件下生存,具有较强的逆境适应性,在降解林地中难分解的植物残留物中起重要作用[24]。这一结论在本研究中也得到了验证。此外,随着产胶量的增加,橡胶林土壤中变形菌门、厚壁菌门以及放线菌门的数量占比均有所上升。通常变形菌多存在于土壤有机质含量较为丰富的土壤中。厚壁菌和放线菌的增加可能是由于它们能形成芽孢,对干旱和极端环境的适应能力较强。放线菌绝大多数是腐生菌,可分解蛋白质、木质素和纤维素等物质,对土壤有机质的转化以及植物的生长有促进作用。这些土壤中的功能微生物数量与土壤养分转化能力及微生物对环境的适应性是相互关联的[25]。担子菌门、子囊菌门和被孢霉门是4种产量水平橡胶林土壤的主要优势真菌门类,该结果与李明美等[26]在海南植胶区开展的土壤优势真菌类群研究一致。不同产量水平橡胶林土壤各优势真菌门的相对丰度存在差异。其中,高产橡胶林中担子菌门的相对丰度高达82.92%,显著高于其他橡胶林,子囊菌门和被孢霉门的相对丰度则显著低于其他处理,在一定程度上有利于橡胶树的生长和产胶。
土壤微生物群落组成及其多样性对土壤理化性质的响应程度各不相同[27]。相关性分析表明,细菌丰富度指数(Ace、Chao1)与土壤pH呈正相关,与SOM呈负相关。细菌多样性指数(Shannon)与SOM、TN呈显著负相关。对于真菌而言,Ace、Chao1和Shannon指数均与土壤AP呈显著正相关,与pH呈极显著负相关,与LAN等[28]认为pH是海南和西双版纳地区土壤微生物多样性的重要影响因子的结果相似。孙倩等[29]研究表明,土壤有效磷与土壤真菌丰度和多样性呈显著正相关,可能是由于菌根真菌可以通过分泌磷酸酶和有机酸[30-31],加快土壤有机磷的矿化和无机磷的活化[32-33]。另一方面,LIU等[34]在亚热带森林的研究中发现丛枝菌根真菌能促进有效态有机磷的积累。土壤C/N作为评估真菌功能基因丰富度的理想因子,与真菌分布密切相关[8]。本研究中土壤C/N与真菌群落丰度和多样性均呈正相关,这与LIAO等[35]的研究结果一致。
相关研究证实,绝大多数优势菌门均与土壤理化因子有一定的相关性[36-37]。冗余分析结果显示,优势类群变形菌门、担子菌门与土壤pH呈正相关,酸杆菌门和子囊菌门则与pH呈负相关,与C/N和AP呈正相关。浮霉菌门、罗兹菌门和壶菌门均与C/N呈正相关,与SOM、TN呈负相关。结果显示,pH、TN和AK是本研究中土壤细菌群落组成的关键限制因子,pH、AK和C/N则是影响真菌群落组成的主要因子。由此可见,橡胶林中土壤微生物群落结构与土壤pH、N、K元素密切相关。这与前人[31,38]认为土壤微生物群落结构主要受土壤pH影响的研究结果相同。海南位于热带地区受亚热带季风影响,高温多雨,使土壤中碱性离子(K+)被淋洗,土壤pH下降导致土壤酸化,从而阻碍土壤生物的生长[39],因此钾元素可能对土壤微生物群落结构的发展具有抑制效应。已有研究证明,微生物群落结构的环境因子多为有机碳、TN和pH[40-42]。赵春梅等[15]证实了SOM、AN、TN和C/N是橡胶林土壤真菌群落结构的最主要影响因素。有机碳为微生物生长提供能量和碳源[43],而氮有效性增加往往对微生物生长产生负面影响[44]。本研究中土壤有机质含量与真菌群落组成的相关性较弱且不显著,其原因可能是研究区域土壤全氮与有机质呈极显著正相关,全氮对微生物群落结构的限制掩盖了有机质的作用。同时,不同细菌和真菌优势属类与土壤pH、C/N等理化因子也呈现一定的相关性。如芽孢杆菌与土壤SOM、TN呈显著正相关,其相对丰度随着产量水平的下降呈明显下降趋势。芽孢杆菌作为土壤中的典型有益菌类,对土壤养分积累和植物生长均有正向作用。有研究表明用芽孢杆菌对花生幼苗进行灌根处理,不仅能促进茎的伸长及鲜重增加,还能增加根际土壤速效养分含量[45]
通过对不同产量水平橡胶林下土壤微生物群落组成分析发现,无论门或属水平,土壤真菌群落组成较细菌差异更加明显。本研究土壤细菌和真菌的分类信息在门、纲、目的水平上比较明确,在科和属的水平上尚未明确分类的类群占比较大,排名前15的属中约50%为未分类属,这可能与测序区间的选择和比对数据库有关。此外,本研究中土壤微生物群落特征与其他土壤理化性质之间的互作关系仍有待探究。
  • 海南省自然科学基金项目(322QN411)
  • 中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(1630022024022)
  • 国家天然橡胶产业技术体系项目(CARS-34-GW-ZP2)
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2024年第45卷第12期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.12.017
  • 接收时间:2024-07-10
  • 首发时间:2026-06-23
  • 出版时间:2024-12-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-07-10
  • 修回日期:2024-07-19
基金
海南省自然科学基金项目(322QN411)
中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(1630022024022)
国家天然橡胶产业技术体系项目(CARS-34-GW-ZP2)
作者信息
    1.中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所,海南海口 571101
    2.儋州橡胶林土壤环境海南省野外科学观测站,海南儋州 571737
    3.中国热带农业科学院南亚热带作物研究所/海南省热带作物营养重点实验室,广东湛江 524091

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* 吴敏(WU Min),E-mail:
王大鹏(WANG Dapeng),E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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