Article(id=1276204329614840774, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276204178091413862, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.12.016, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1723996800000, receivedDateStr=2024-08-19, revisedDate=1725206400000, revisedDateStr=2024-09-02, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1782200422909, onlineDateStr=2026-06-23, pubDate=1735056000000, pubDateStr=2024-12-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1782200422909, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-23, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1782200422909, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1782200422909, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1276204178091413862, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, year='2024', volume='45', issue='12', pageStart='2487', pageEnd='2737', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1735056000000', pubDateStr='2024-12-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1782200386783, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782200456354, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1276204470308565242, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276204178091413862, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1276204470308565243, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276204178091413862, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=2633, endPage=2645, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1276204329946190792, articleId=1276204329614840774, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=EN, title=Evaluation of the Performance of Lvnonglin®31 Compound Bacterial Agent and Its Effect on the Occurrence of Blister Blight and Endophytic Bacterial Community in Leaves of Camellia sinensis var. assamica in Field, columnId=1236292524264968282, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, columnName=Plant Protection & Bio-safety, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between the activity of Lvnonglin®31 compound microbial agent (LNL31), the occurrence of blister blight and the structure of endophytic bacterial communities in tea, and to provide a theoretical basis for the rational application of microbial agents for green control of blister blight in Camellia sinensis var. assamica. The activity of LNL31 was evaluated through indoor antibacterial spectrum testing, laser confocal microscope morphology observation, pathogenic fungus spore germination inhibition rate test, and transparent circle detection enzyme activity methods. Field randomized block trials were carried out to test the disease prevention and growth promotion effects of LNL31 with different dilution ratios. Then the tea tree bud length, bud density, fresh weight and chlorophyll were respectively measured. Using 16S rDNA sequencing technology, the differences in the occurrence of the blister blight in C. sinensis var. assamica and the community structure of endophytic bacteria in leaves under LNL31 were investigated. The diluted LNL31 had obvious inhibitory effect on five pathogens, such as Exobasidium vexans EV01, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides CG02, Fusarium oxysporum FOC4, Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri XC01 and Escherichia coli DH5α, which caused the hyphae to break, expand and digest. The inhibition rate of LNL31 on spore germination of pathogenic fungi EV01, CG02 and FOC4 reached 89.04%-93.00%. In field randomized block trials, the application of 500-fold dilution of LNL31 had the most significant disease prevention and growth promotion effect, which was similar to the treatment of the pyraclostrobin, followed by 1000-fold dilution of LNL31. The averages of bud length, germination density, hundred bud weight and chlorophyll of the plants in the treatment of LNL31 increased by 23.14%-36.17%, 32.10%-51.38%, 27.66%-40.00% and 28.88%-36.14%, respectively, in comparison with the control. After spraying different concentrations of LNL31, the richness and uniformity of endophytic bacterial communities increased, and the results of principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) showed that there was a significant impact on bacterial communities in leaves. At the taxonomic level, Rhizobiales and Sphingomonadales were the dominant bacterial orders; Methylobacterium was the dominant bacterial genus, followed by 1174_901_12, Sphingomonas and Rhizobium. Linear discriminant analysis (LEfSe) showed that there were 9-14 indicator bacterial groups in the treatment sprayed with LNL31, compared with only 7 indicator bacterial genera in the control. Cluster analysis of species abundance showed that the unique dominant genus Baierinkia and Burkholderia in the treatment of LNL31 were similar in abundance, while Rhizobium and 1174_901_1 were similar in abundance. Correlation network analysis Bacillus is positively correlated with Eubacterium and Parabacteroide, and negatively correlated with Methylobacterium, Beijerinckia and Luteibacter. Bugbas's functional prediction showed that the abundance of aerobic bacteria, biofilm forming, gram-negative bacteria, stress-tolerant bacteria, movable elements, and facultative anaerobic bacteria treated by the composite microbial agent increased by 3.24%-14.78%, and potential pathogenic bacteria dropped by 5.70%. LNL31 showed a good effect of preventing diseases and promoting growth, and significantly changed the community structure and functional characteristics of endophytic bacteria in tea, enabling a few disease-resistant related species to grow in an advantageous way, which provided a basis for biological control of blister blight of tea.

, authors=null, authorsList=You ZHOU, Xiaoxia LI, Jian LIU, Tao DENG, Junsheng HUANG, Laying YANG, Hongwen FU, Jun WANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Jun WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1276204337030370268, articleId=1276204329614840774, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=CN, title=绿农林®31复合微生物菌剂性能评价及其对海南大叶种茶茶饼病发生和叶片内生细菌群落的影响, columnId=1236292524520820846, journalTitle=热带作物学报, columnName=植物保护与生物安全, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

探究绿农林®31复合微生物菌剂活性及其对海南大叶种茶茶饼病发生和茶叶内生细菌群落结构的影响,为合理应用微生物制剂绿色防控茶饼病提供理论依据。通过测试室内抗菌谱、激光共聚焦显微镜观察形态、测试病原真菌孢子萌发抑制率评价绿农林®31复合微生物菌剂(LNL31)活性,开展田间随机区组试验测试LNL31不同稀释倍数对海南大叶种茶茶饼病的防效,以及对海南大叶种茶茶树芽长、芽密度、鲜重和叶绿素的影响;采用16S rDNA测序技术,探究施用微生物菌剂条件下茶树叶部内生细菌群落结构的差异。结果表明:LNL31稀释液对坏损外担菌ER01、胶孢炭疽菌CG02、尖孢镰刀菌FOC4、柑橘黄单胞杆菌XC01、大肠杆菌DH5α 5种病原菌的抑制作用明显,对ER01、CG02和FOC4的孢子萌发抑制率达89.04%~93.00%。田间施用LNL31 500倍稀释液处理的防病促生作用最显著,与化学药剂吡唑醚菌酯处理相当,LNL31 1000倍稀释液次之。施药后14 d,LNL31 500倍液、1000倍液对茶饼病的防效分别达91.98%和89.17%。LNL31对芽长、芽密度、鲜重和叶绿素的促生作用分别达23.14%~36.17%、32.10%~51.38%、27.66%~40.00%和28.88%~36.14%。喷施不同浓度的LNL31后,茶树叶部内生细菌群落的丰富度和均匀度均增加,主坐标分析(PCoA)结果表明,喷施LNL31对叶内细菌群落有显著影响;在目分类水平上,根瘤菌目(Rhizobiales)和鞘脂单胞菌目(Sphingomonadales)是较占优势的细菌目;在属分类水平上,甲基杆菌属(Methylobacterium)是最优势的内生细菌属,其次是1174_901_12、鞘氨醇单胞菌属(Sphingomonas)和根瘤菌属(Rhizobium);线性判别分析(LEfSe)结果显示,喷施LNL31的处理中具有9~14个指示菌群,而对照指示细菌属只有7个;物种丰度聚类分析表明,喷施LNL31的处理中独有优势属拜叶林克氏菌属(Beijerinckia)与伯克霍尔德菌属(Burkholderia)的丰度相似,根瘤菌属与1174_901_12的丰度相似。相关性网络分析表明,芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)与真杆菌属(Eubacterium)和副拟杆菌属(Parabacteroides)呈正相关,与甲基杆菌属、拜叶林克氏菌属和藤黄色杆菌属(Luteibacter)呈负相关;Bugbase菌群功能预测表明,LNL31处理的好氧菌、生物膜形成、革兰氏阴性菌、耐受压力、可移动元件、兼性厌氧菌丰度增幅达到3.24%~14.78%,潜在致病菌下降5.70%。该研究结果表明,LNL31表现出良好的防病促生作用,能显著改变茶叶内生细菌群落结构和功能特性,使少数抗病相关物种优势生长,为茶饼病的生物防治提供依据。

, authors=

周游(1983—),男,博士,助理研究员,研究方向:植物病害生物防治。

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* 汪军(WANG Jun),E-mail:
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周游(1983—),男,博士,助理研究员,研究方向:植物病害生物防治。

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周游(1983—),男,博士,助理研究员,研究方向:植物病害生物防治。

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A:CG02对照;B:LNL31对CG02的抑制;C:FOC对照;D:LNL31对FOC的抑制;E:LNL31对XC01的抑制;F:LNL31对DH5α的抑制。

, figureFileSmall=mvLskgBmZrpUIWk+VLRIaQ==, figureFileBig=m69RwAki1Symx9JljE3jfA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276204364263985188, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276204329614840774, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Effect of LNL31 on spore germination and mycelial growth of pathogenic fungi, figureFileSmall=8wRQY0A9j7dAQEK04Bja/g==, figureFileBig=onEnA+jSc9aeHyvQDq85Fg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276204364616306725, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276204329614840774, language=CN, label=图2, caption=LNL31对病原真菌孢子萌发和菌丝生长的影响

A:EV01对照;B:LNL31对EV01的抑制;C:FOC4对照(暗场);D:FOC4对照(明场);E:LNL31对FOC4的抑制(暗场);F:LNL31对FOC4的抑制(明场)。

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圆圈代表物种,圆圈大小代表物种平均丰度大小;线条代表两物种间相关,线条粗细代表相关性强弱,红色代表正相关,绿色代表负相关。

, figureFileSmall=77wHso10wESnpjcR7pkCDA==, figureFileBig=mVkeoQJh90xB252qy4ZlPw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276204369733357618, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276204329614840774, language=EN, label=Fig. 9, caption=Phenotypic prediction of endophytic bacteria in tea leaves based on Bugbase, figureFileSmall=s3iVuNTvdXil4prlR2Nt+Q==, figureFileBig=yiBZDsOLzw1dtcRI7JASFA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276204370182148147, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276204329614840774, language=CN, label=图9, caption=基于Bugbase的茶叶内生细菌表型预测

A、B和C分别为T1、T2和T3处理与CK的显著差异表型。

, figureFileSmall=s3iVuNTvdXil4prlR2Nt+Q==, figureFileBig=yiBZDsOLzw1dtcRI7JASFA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276204370563829812, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276204329614840774, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Effects of different dilution ratios of LNL31 on spore germination of pathogenic fungi

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理TreatmentEV01FOC4CG02
萌发率Germination rate抑制率Inhibition rate萌发率Germination rate抑制率Inhibition Rate萌发率Germination rate抑制率Inhibition Rate
CK83.6796.0094.67
t16.6792.01±1.97a6.6793.00±1.87a10.3389.04±2.46a
t221.3374.43±3.80b20.3378.87±2.66b25.0073.52±3.50b
t333.6759.78±1.43c31.3367.26±4.69c34.6761.90±4.23c
t444.3347.06±2.64d45.3354.71±3.76d51.3345.90±1.98d
), ArticleFig(id=1276204370911957045, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276204329614840774, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

LNL31不同稀释倍数对病原真菌孢子萌发的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理TreatmentEV01FOC4CG02
萌发率Germination rate抑制率Inhibition rate萌发率Germination rate抑制率Inhibition Rate萌发率Germination rate抑制率Inhibition Rate
CK83.6796.0094.67
t16.6792.01±1.97a6.6793.00±1.87a10.3389.04±2.46a
t221.3374.43±3.80b20.3378.87±2.66b25.0073.52±3.50b
t333.6759.78±1.43c31.3367.26±4.69c34.6761.90±4.23c
t444.3347.06±2.64d45.3354.71±3.76d51.3345.90±1.98d
), ArticleFig(id=1276204371356553270, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276204329614840774, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Control effects of LNL31 on blister blight

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理Treatment药前Before spraying第1次药后After the first dose第2次药后After the second dose
病情指数Disease index病情指数Disease index防效Control effect/%病情指数Disease index防效Control effect/%
CK15.0031.6738.33
T113.633.0090.09±3.90a1.8394.63±1.46a
T214.505.5082.05±1.84b4.0089.17±3.90ab
T313.834.1786.11±3.44ab2.8391.98±2.19a
), ArticleFig(id=1276204373025886263, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276204329614840774, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

LNL31对茶饼病的防效

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理Treatment药前Before spraying第1次药后After the first dose第2次药后After the second dose
病情指数Disease index病情指数Disease index防效Control effect/%病情指数Disease index防效Control effect/%
CK15.0031.6738.33
T113.633.0090.09±3.90a1.8394.63±1.46a
T214.505.5082.05±1.84b4.0089.17±3.90ab
T313.834.1786.11±3.44ab2.8391.98±2.19a
), ArticleFig(id=1276204373399179320, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276204329614840774, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

Effects of LNL31 on the growth of tea trees

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理Treatment芽长Bud length/cm芽密度Bud density/(个·m-2)鲜重Fresh weight/(g·m-2)SPAD
CK1.57±0.21c72.67±2.08c16.64±1.87c31.27±1.10e
T11.83±0.06abc78.00±5.20c18.12±1.26bc33.77±1.63d
T21.93±0.15ab96.00±4.58b21.24±2.33ab40.30±0.90b
T32.13±0.21a110.00±8.00a23.30±1.85a42.57±0.47a
), ArticleFig(id=1276204373491454009, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276204329614840774, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

LNL31对茶树的促生作用

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理Treatment芽长Bud length/cm芽密度Bud density/(个·m-2)鲜重Fresh weight/(g·m-2)SPAD
CK1.57±0.21c72.67±2.08c16.64±1.87c31.27±1.10e
T11.83±0.06abc78.00±5.20c18.12±1.26bc33.77±1.63d
T21.93±0.15ab96.00±4.58b21.24±2.33ab40.30±0.90b
T32.13±0.21a110.00±8.00a23.30±1.85a42.57±0.47a
), ArticleFig(id=1276204373831192634, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276204329614840774, language=EN, label=Tab. 4, caption=

Alpha diversity index of bacteria

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处理Treatment特征数FeatureAce指数ACE indexChao1指数Chao1 indexSimpson指数Simpson indexShannon指数Shannon index
CK1059.67±5.51d1063.22±5.15d1060.65±5.22d0.9950±0.00a8.9761±0.05b
T11195.67±33.62c1203.56±31.71c1199.46±31.72c0.9707±0.00c7.3663±0.07d
T21281.00±30.64b1285.71±30.11b1282.75±29.67b0.9889±0.00b8.2706±0.15c
T32201.00±20.30a2208.13±19.33a2203.43±19.49a0.9940±0.00a9.3957±0.05a
), ArticleFig(id=1276204373936050235, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276204329614840774, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

Alpha多样性指数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理Treatment特征数FeatureAce指数ACE indexChao1指数Chao1 indexSimpson指数Simpson indexShannon指数Shannon index
CK1059.67±5.51d1063.22±5.15d1060.65±5.22d0.9950±0.00a8.9761±0.05b
T11195.67±33.62c1203.56±31.71c1199.46±31.72c0.9707±0.00c7.3663±0.07d
T21281.00±30.64b1285.71±30.11b1282.75±29.67b0.9889±0.00b8.2706±0.15c
T32201.00±20.30a2208.13±19.33a2203.43±19.49a0.9940±0.00a9.3957±0.05a
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绿农林®31复合微生物菌剂性能评价及其对海南大叶种茶茶饼病发生和叶片内生细菌群落的影响
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周游 1 , 李晓霞 2 , 刘建 3 , 邓涛 4 , 黄俊生 1 , 杨腊英 1 , 符红文 5 , 汪军 1, *
热带作物学报 | 植物保护与生物安全 2024,45(12): 2633-2645
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热带作物学报 |植物保护与生物安全 2024 , 45 (12) : 2633 -2645
绿农林®31复合微生物菌剂性能评价及其对海南大叶种茶茶饼病发生和叶片内生细菌群落的影响
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tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276204329614840774, authorId=1276204351592992789, language=EN, stringName=Jun WANG, firstName=Jun, middleName=null, lastName=WANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, *, address=1.Institute of Environment and Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences / National Fertilizer Microbial Germplasm Resource Bank (Hainan), Haikou, Hainan 571101, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1276204352528322584, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276204329614840774, authorId=1276204351592992789, language=CN, stringName=汪军, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, *, address=1.中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所/国家肥料微生物种质资源库(海南),海南海口 571101, bio=null, 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remark=1.中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所/国家肥料微生物种质资源库(海南),海南海口 571101)])])]
周游1, 李晓霞2, 刘建3, 邓涛4, 黄俊生1, 杨腊英1, 符红文5, 汪军1, *
作者信息
  • 1.中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所/国家肥料微生物种质资源库(海南),海南海口 571101
  • 2.中国热带农业科学院科技信息研究所,海南海口 571101
  • 3.中华人民共和国菏泽海关,山东菏泽 274000
  • 4.江西省科学院微生物研究所,江西南昌 330096
  • 5.海南宝绿春农业开发有限公司,海南海口 571100
通讯作者:
* 汪军(WANG Jun),E-mail:
Evaluation of the Performance of Lvnonglin®31 Compound Bacterial Agent and Its Effect on the Occurrence of Blister Blight and Endophytic Bacterial Community in Leaves of Camellia sinensis var. assamica in Field
You ZHOU1, Xiaoxia LI2, Jian LIU3, Tao DENG4, Junsheng HUANG1, Laying YANG1, Hongwen FU5, Jun WANG1, *
Affiliations
  • 1.Institute of Environment and Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences / National Fertilizer Microbial Germplasm Resource Bank (Hainan), Haikou, Hainan 571101, China
  • 2.Institute of Scientific and Technical Information, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China
  • 3.Heze Customs, people’s Republic of China, Heze, Shandong 274000, China
  • 4.Institute of Microbiology, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330096, China
  • 5.Hainan Baolvchun Agricultural Development Co., Ltd., Haikou, Hainan 571100, China
出版时间: 2024-12-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.12.016
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探究绿农林®31复合微生物菌剂活性及其对海南大叶种茶茶饼病发生和茶叶内生细菌群落结构的影响,为合理应用微生物制剂绿色防控茶饼病提供理论依据。通过测试室内抗菌谱、激光共聚焦显微镜观察形态、测试病原真菌孢子萌发抑制率评价绿农林®31复合微生物菌剂(LNL31)活性,开展田间随机区组试验测试LNL31不同稀释倍数对海南大叶种茶茶饼病的防效,以及对海南大叶种茶茶树芽长、芽密度、鲜重和叶绿素的影响;采用16S rDNA测序技术,探究施用微生物菌剂条件下茶树叶部内生细菌群落结构的差异。结果表明:LNL31稀释液对坏损外担菌ER01、胶孢炭疽菌CG02、尖孢镰刀菌FOC4、柑橘黄单胞杆菌XC01、大肠杆菌DH5α 5种病原菌的抑制作用明显,对ER01、CG02和FOC4的孢子萌发抑制率达89.04%~93.00%。田间施用LNL31 500倍稀释液处理的防病促生作用最显著,与化学药剂吡唑醚菌酯处理相当,LNL31 1000倍稀释液次之。施药后14 d,LNL31 500倍液、1000倍液对茶饼病的防效分别达91.98%和89.17%。LNL31对芽长、芽密度、鲜重和叶绿素的促生作用分别达23.14%~36.17%、32.10%~51.38%、27.66%~40.00%和28.88%~36.14%。喷施不同浓度的LNL31后,茶树叶部内生细菌群落的丰富度和均匀度均增加,主坐标分析(PCoA)结果表明,喷施LNL31对叶内细菌群落有显著影响;在目分类水平上,根瘤菌目(Rhizobiales)和鞘脂单胞菌目(Sphingomonadales)是较占优势的细菌目;在属分类水平上,甲基杆菌属(Methylobacterium)是最优势的内生细菌属,其次是1174_901_12、鞘氨醇单胞菌属(Sphingomonas)和根瘤菌属(Rhizobium);线性判别分析(LEfSe)结果显示,喷施LNL31的处理中具有9~14个指示菌群,而对照指示细菌属只有7个;物种丰度聚类分析表明,喷施LNL31的处理中独有优势属拜叶林克氏菌属(Beijerinckia)与伯克霍尔德菌属(Burkholderia)的丰度相似,根瘤菌属与1174_901_12的丰度相似。相关性网络分析表明,芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)与真杆菌属(Eubacterium)和副拟杆菌属(Parabacteroides)呈正相关,与甲基杆菌属、拜叶林克氏菌属和藤黄色杆菌属(Luteibacter)呈负相关;Bugbase菌群功能预测表明,LNL31处理的好氧菌、生物膜形成、革兰氏阴性菌、耐受压力、可移动元件、兼性厌氧菌丰度增幅达到3.24%~14.78%,潜在致病菌下降5.70%。该研究结果表明,LNL31表现出良好的防病促生作用,能显著改变茶叶内生细菌群落结构和功能特性,使少数抗病相关物种优势生长,为茶饼病的生物防治提供依据。

绿农林®31复合微生物菌剂  /  茶饼病  /  内生细菌  /  群落结构

The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between the activity of Lvnonglin®31 compound microbial agent (LNL31), the occurrence of blister blight and the structure of endophytic bacterial communities in tea, and to provide a theoretical basis for the rational application of microbial agents for green control of blister blight in Camellia sinensis var. assamica. The activity of LNL31 was evaluated through indoor antibacterial spectrum testing, laser confocal microscope morphology observation, pathogenic fungus spore germination inhibition rate test, and transparent circle detection enzyme activity methods. Field randomized block trials were carried out to test the disease prevention and growth promotion effects of LNL31 with different dilution ratios. Then the tea tree bud length, bud density, fresh weight and chlorophyll were respectively measured. Using 16S rDNA sequencing technology, the differences in the occurrence of the blister blight in C. sinensis var. assamica and the community structure of endophytic bacteria in leaves under LNL31 were investigated. The diluted LNL31 had obvious inhibitory effect on five pathogens, such as Exobasidium vexans EV01, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides CG02, Fusarium oxysporum FOC4, Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri XC01 and Escherichia coli DH5α, which caused the hyphae to break, expand and digest. The inhibition rate of LNL31 on spore germination of pathogenic fungi EV01, CG02 and FOC4 reached 89.04%-93.00%. In field randomized block trials, the application of 500-fold dilution of LNL31 had the most significant disease prevention and growth promotion effect, which was similar to the treatment of the pyraclostrobin, followed by 1000-fold dilution of LNL31. The averages of bud length, germination density, hundred bud weight and chlorophyll of the plants in the treatment of LNL31 increased by 23.14%-36.17%, 32.10%-51.38%, 27.66%-40.00% and 28.88%-36.14%, respectively, in comparison with the control. After spraying different concentrations of LNL31, the richness and uniformity of endophytic bacterial communities increased, and the results of principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) showed that there was a significant impact on bacterial communities in leaves. At the taxonomic level, Rhizobiales and Sphingomonadales were the dominant bacterial orders; Methylobacterium was the dominant bacterial genus, followed by 1174_901_12, Sphingomonas and Rhizobium. Linear discriminant analysis (LEfSe) showed that there were 9-14 indicator bacterial groups in the treatment sprayed with LNL31, compared with only 7 indicator bacterial genera in the control. Cluster analysis of species abundance showed that the unique dominant genus Baierinkia and Burkholderia in the treatment of LNL31 were similar in abundance, while Rhizobium and 1174_901_1 were similar in abundance. Correlation network analysis Bacillus is positively correlated with Eubacterium and Parabacteroide, and negatively correlated with Methylobacterium, Beijerinckia and Luteibacter. Bugbas's functional prediction showed that the abundance of aerobic bacteria, biofilm forming, gram-negative bacteria, stress-tolerant bacteria, movable elements, and facultative anaerobic bacteria treated by the composite microbial agent increased by 3.24%-14.78%, and potential pathogenic bacteria dropped by 5.70%. LNL31 showed a good effect of preventing diseases and promoting growth, and significantly changed the community structure and functional characteristics of endophytic bacteria in tea, enabling a few disease-resistant related species to grow in an advantageous way, which provided a basis for biological control of blister blight of tea.

Lvnonglin® 31 compound microbial agent  /  blister blight of tea  /  endophytic bacterial  /  community structure
周游, 李晓霞, 刘建, 邓涛, 黄俊生, 杨腊英, 符红文, 汪军. 绿农林®31复合微生物菌剂性能评价及其对海南大叶种茶茶饼病发生和叶片内生细菌群落的影响. 热带作物学报, 2024 , 45 (12) : 2633 -2645 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.12.016
You ZHOU, Xiaoxia LI, Jian LIU, Tao DENG, Junsheng HUANG, Laying YANG, Hongwen FU, Jun WANG. Evaluation of the Performance of Lvnonglin®31 Compound Bacterial Agent and Its Effect on the Occurrence of Blister Blight and Endophytic Bacterial Community in Leaves of Camellia sinensis var. assamica in Field[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2024 , 45 (12) : 2633 -2645 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.12.016
茶树是海南重要的经济作物。海南省五指山是海南大叶种茶(Camellia sinensis var. assamica)核心产区,该地区高湿的气候有利于茶树生长,但也有利于病虫害的滋生蔓延[1]。由坏损外担菌(Exobasidium vexans Massee)引起的茶饼病是危害茶树最严重的病害之一[2],主要为害嫩叶和嫩梢,潜育期较短,对茶叶产量的影响远远超过其他病害,导致茶叶严重减产和品质下降[3-4]。茶饼病属于低温高湿型病害,在海南一般是春茶期发生严重。当前生产中绝大多数茶树栽培品种对茶饼病均表现为易感,在气候适宜发病的茶区病害发生严重[2]。目前化学药剂防治茶饼病虽然直接有效[4-5],但易导致茶叶农药残留大,易产生抗性,影响品质和食品安全。为保障茶产业健康发展,研究和推广病虫害绿色防控技术为大势所趋。生物防治具有安全环保的优势,如芽孢杆菌(Bacillus spp.)、假单胞菌(Pseudomonas fluorescens)、苍白杆菌(Ochrobactrum anthropi)和黄单胞菌(Xanthomonas sp.)等生防菌能降低茶饼病的发病率[2,6-7],其中芽孢杆菌的抗逆性好、货架期长,具有广阔的应用前景[8-9],其防病机制主要为定殖到植株后通过营养竞争、分泌拮抗物质、降解病原菌和提升植物抗病性等方式共同作用,具体表现为抑制病原菌孢子萌发,导致细胞肿胀变形、原生质解体或收缩[10-13]
内生细菌群落结构是反映植物抗病、感病的重要指标。研究生防菌制剂对发病植物内生细菌群落结构的影响和病害防治至关重要。崔明秦等[14]认为植物内生微生物与植物长期共存,二者协同进化,互惠互利,发现炭疽菌侵染油茶后病叶片中甲基杆菌属(Methylobacterium, 1.91%)相对丰度最高,健康叶片中海洋杆菌属(Pontibacter,1.41%)相对丰度最高。RAHMA等[15]发现内生细菌LmB1、LmA6菌株是控制水稻白叶枯病和促进植物生长的潜在生物制剂,对病害抑制和促生作用分别为35.82%和69.56%。UWAREMWE等[16]发现抑制枸杞根腐病的解淀粉芽孢杆菌HSB1和FZB42对枸杞根际固有菌群的丰度及其功能产生了积极影响。YADAV等[17]研究发现与丙环唑和对照相比,枯草芽孢杆菌W9喷雾处理番茄斑点病后叶片内生伯克霍尔德氏菌目(Burkholderiales)、根瘤菌目(Rhizobiales)和假单胞菌目(Pseudomonadales)等相对丰度较高,分泌、应激、趋化和矿物质营养相关的代谢途径得到增强,发病率降低。FENG等[18]发现施用芽孢杆菌ME9防治木薯细菌性枯萎病使木薯内生细菌群落多样性提高,在优势菌群的葡萄糖代谢途径中,厚壁菌门与其他门呈显著正相关,而变形菌门呈显著负相关。
由于茶饼病病原菌坏损外担菌难以离体培养,限制了其防控技术等方面的研究[2]。芽孢杆菌具有稳定、广谱的防病促生功能[19-24],但目前微生物活菌制剂在田间防治茶饼病方面极少报道。绿农林®31复合微生物菌剂是本团队研发的正式登记产品,由生防菌解淀粉芽孢杆菌(B. amyloliquefaciens)HW05专利菌株(ZL2018-10578016.9)、巨大芽孢杆菌(B. megaterium)BM03和载体复配制备,但其田间应用稳定性和防病促生作用尚不明确。本研究以茶饼病为防控对象,以茶园常用的化学杀菌剂吡唑醚菌酯为对照,探讨绿农林®31复合微生物菌剂活性及其对茶饼病的防病促生功效和内生细菌群落的影响,为茶饼病的绿色防控提供有效药剂和技术支撑。
茶树品种:海南大叶种茶(C. sinensis var. assamica)。
指示病原菌:茶饼病病原菌坏损外担菌EV01,茶树炭疽病病原菌胶孢炭疽菌(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides)CG02、香蕉枯萎病病原菌尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum)FOC4(携带GFP)、柑橘溃疡病病原菌柑橘黄单胞杆菌(Xanthomonas axonopodis pv.citri)XC01和大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)DH5α,均由国家肥料微生物种质资源库(海南)提供。
供试生防菌:解淀粉芽孢杆菌HW05专利菌株、巨大芽孢杆菌BM03,均由国家肥料微生物种质资源库(海南)提供。
供试绿农林®31复合微生物菌剂(以下简称LNL31):登记证号为微生物肥(2019)准字(7526)号,由中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所研制,海南宝绿春农业开发有限公司生产。制备方法:将新鲜的HW05和BM03菌株分别转接至LB液体培养基,在37 ℃,180 r/min条件下培养24 h获得种子液,以体积分数为5%的接种量接入装有LB培养基的GUJS-100L A型机械搅拌不锈钢发酵罐中,于37 ℃,通气量30 L/min,压力为0.3 Mpa,180 r/min培养48 h获得发酵液,取发酵液经LPG-10离心喷雾干燥机喷雾干燥后获得HW05和BM03纯菌粉,参照农用微生物菌剂标准GB 20287—2006与聚乙烯醇和可溶性玉米粉复配获得LNL31(粉剂,芽孢率≥95%,有效活菌数≥100亿个/g,其中HW05≥82亿个/g,BM03≥18亿个/g)。
供试化学药剂:25%吡唑醚菌酯乳油[巴斯夫植物保护(江苏)有限公司]。
取0.1 g LNL31用无菌水稀释1000倍,混匀。将直径为6 mm的指示病原菌胶孢炭疽菌CG02、尖孢镰刀菌FOC4菌饼接种到LB平板中央,距离平板中心0.8 cm处接5 μL LNL31 1000倍稀释液,以仅接种病原菌为对照,于28 ℃培养,72 h后测量抑菌带宽度,观察对病原菌的拮抗效果;取新鲜的地毯草黄单胞杆菌XC01、大肠杆菌DH5α菌液(106个/mL)涂布于LB平板,距离平板中心0.8 cm处接5 μL LNL31 1000倍稀释液,平板中心接入等量清水作为对照,于28 ℃培养,48 h后测量抑菌圈直径,观察LNL31对病原菌的拮抗效果。每个处理重复3次。
由于坏损外担菌EV01难以离体培养,因此从茶树叶片的茶饼病病斑上挑取坏损外担菌孢子。参照文献[25-26]的方法,分别制备含有LNL31不同稀释倍数[500倍(t1)、1000倍(t2)、2000倍(t3)、4000倍(t4)]和浓度为1×106个/mL的病原真菌EV01、CG02、FOC4分生孢子的混合液。上述各处理的混合液分别接种到疏水玻片上。以添加无菌水的分生孢子液接种作为对照(CK),每个处理3个重复,每个重复统计100个孢子。于28 ℃恒温黑暗条件下保湿培养24 h,在显微镜下观察并计算孢子萌发率。
用移液枪吸取1.2.2中处理24 h的EV01和LNL31的混合液,置于普通光学显微镜观察并拍照EV01孢子的萌发情况;利用牙签挑取1.2.1中抑菌带周围FOC4的菌体组织,固定到载玻片后,置于激光共聚焦显微镜(FV1000, Olympus)观察暗场和明场下FOC4菌丝和孢子形态。
于2023年1月25日在海南省五指山市水满乡茶园进行试验。大叶种茶树龄15 a。试验共设4个处理,按照推荐用量稀释:吡唑醚菌酯稀释1000倍(T1),LNL31稀释1000倍(T2)、500倍(T3),以清水为对照(CK)。按照每667 m2喷水量40 kg,各处理均为背负式喷雾器喷雾。每个处理重复3次,面积30 m2,各处理间采用完全随机区组排列。间隔7 d后,按相同方法进行第2次喷施。
(1)防治效果测定。参照文献[4]的方法,分别于施药前、第1次施药后7 d、第2次施用LNL31 7 d后,调查病情指数和计算防效。各处理小区选取芽下第2片叶,调查50片叶,分级记录。病害分级标准:0级,叶片无病斑;1级,病斑占叶面积25%以下;2级,零星病斑占叶面积26%~50%;3级,病斑占叶面积51%~75%;4级,叶片上病斑密集,占叶面积76%及以上。按以下公式计算病情指数和防治效果:病情指数=Σ(各级病叶数×相对级数值)/(调查总叶数×4)×100;防治效果=[1–(对照区药前病情指数×处理区药后病情指数)/(对照区药后病情指数×处理区药前病情指数)]×100%。
(2)茶树主要生长指标测定。田间试验结束后,参照文献[27]的方法测定生长指标。
芽长:在各处理小区内,设3个重复,每个重复为随机选取的100 cm×100 cm方形区域,采集该区域内1芽2叶的芽头,测定顶芽至第2片叶的长度。
芽密度:在各处理小区内,设3个重复,每个重复为随机选取的30 cm×30 cm范围内的健康芽头,记录芽头个数。
鲜重:在各处理小区内,设3个重复,每个重复为随机选取的100 cm×100 cm方形区域,采集该区域内所有1芽2叶的芽头,采摘当天立即进行称重。
叶绿素相对含量:在自然光下分别从每株上、下部分选取健康叶片,用叶绿素测定仪TYS-4N测定叶片叶绿素相对含量,即SPAD值。
(3)叶片内生细菌微生物多样性测定。田间试验结束后,参考文献[14]的方法,略作修改,随机采集茶树3片嫩叶,表面消毒。提叶片DNA后,基于Illumina NovaSeq测序平台,利用双末端测序(Paired-End)的方法,构建小片段文库,对16S rDNA的V3-V4区域进行测序。由北京百迈客生物科技有限公司测序。
采用Excel 2016、SAS 9.0软件进行试验数据的统计分析,采用Duncan's新复极差法进行差异显著性分析。使用北京百迈客生物科技有限公司云平台的Usearch、QIIME2、R语言、Python语言、BugBase等软件对测序结果进行分析。
LNL31稀释1000倍后对4种病原菌的拮抗效果显著,对胶孢炭疽菌CG02和尖孢镰刀菌FOC4的抑菌圈分别达1.22、1.15 cm;对柑橘黄单胞杆菌XC01和大肠杆菌DH5α的抑菌圈均达1.5 cm以上(图1)。
通过测定LNL31不同稀释倍数对EV01、FOC4和GC02萌发率的影响表明,与CK相比,各处理间差异显著,LNL31稀释500倍处理的孢子萌发抑制率最高,其次为1000倍、2000倍和4000倍。500倍、1000倍、2000倍、4000倍处理对EV01孢子萌发的抑制率分别为92.01%、74.43%、59.78%和47.06%;对FOC4孢子萌发的抑制率分别为93.00%、78.87%、67.26%和54.71%;对CG02孢子萌发的抑制率分别为89.04%、73.52%、61.90%和45.90%(表1)。
通过普通显微镜观察发现,CK的EV01孢子正常萌发(图2A),而LNL31抑制了坏损外担菌EV01的孢子萌发(图2B);通过激光共聚焦显微镜观察发现,CK的FOC4菌丝和孢子呈现平滑和饱满形态(图2C图2D),而加入LNL31后引起FOC4菌丝扭曲、消解和断裂,FOC4的孢子数量也急剧减少,细胞破裂(图2E图2F)。
与CK相比,LNL31稀释500倍处理(T3)与化学药剂吡唑醚菌酯(T1)的防治效果相当,喷施LNL31的茶树叶片茶饼病病斑显著减少(图3),同时LNL31稀释1000倍(T2)和500倍(T3)对茶饼病防效无显著性差异,分别在第1次、2次药后7 d调查,各处理均未发现药害,说明菌剂施用方法对茶树安全。
第1次药后7 d,LNL31 500倍液处理(T3)的防效达到86.11%,LNL31 1000倍液处理(T2)的防效为82.05%。第2次药后7 d,防效较优的处理仍为T3和T1,防效分别达91.98%和94.63%,茶饼病病斑生长缓慢;其次为T2,防效为89.17%(表2)。
表3可知,喷施不同稀释倍数的LNL31对茶树植株的促生效果有一定差异,与CK相比,LNL31 500倍液处理的促生效果最为显著,芽长、芽密度、鲜重和SPAD均显著提高,分别提高了36.17%、51.38%、40.00%和36.14%;LNL31稀释1000倍喷施处理次之,上述指标分别提高了23.14%、32.10%、27.66%和28.88%。
与CK比较,T1、T2和T3处理的物种丰度指标Ace指数分别提高了13.20%、20.93%、107.68%,Chao1指数分别提高了13.09%、20.94%、107.74%;与CK比较,T3处理的多样性指标Simpson指数无显著差异,T1和T2处理的Simpson指数分别降低了2.40%、0.62%,Shannon指数降低了17.93%、7.86%,而T3处理的Shannon指数则提高了4.68%(表4)。
在OTU水平对不同处理叶片细菌群落进行PCoA分析(图4),其中PC1的贡献率为28.60%,PC2的贡献率为25.14%,二者累积贡献率为53.74%。CK分别与T1、T2和T3处理间能明显分开,说明相同处理样品的细菌群落结构差异较小,不同处理样品的细菌群落结构差异较大。
目水平丰度相对含量(OTU数相对丰度前20)排名前5的细菌目中,根瘤菌目(Rhizobiales)、鞘氨醇单胞菌目(Sphingomonadales为各处理的共有优势目,伯克氏目(Burkholderiales)为CK、T2和T3处理的共有优势目,鞘氨醇杆菌目(Sphingobacteriales)为T2和T3处理的优势目,微球菌目(Micrococcales)为T1和T3处理的优势目,拟杆菌目(Bacteroidales)和毛螺菌目(Lachnospirales)为CK的独有优势目,假单胞菌目(Pseudomonadales)和黄单胞菌目(Xanthomonadales)为T1处理的独有优势目;丙酸杆菌目(Propionibacteriales)为T2处理的独有优势目(图5A)。
进一步对各分组样品在属水平(OTU数相对丰度前20)的相对丰度进行分析(图5B),结果表明,不同处理的细菌群落结构存在明显差异,排名前5的细菌属中,1174_901_12、甲基杆菌属(Methylobacterium)和鞘氨醇单胞菌属(Sphingomonas)是各处理的共有优势属,甲基细胞菌属(Methylocella)为CK、T2和T3处理的共有优势菌属;unclassified_Bacteria为CK的独有优势属(2.51%);寡氧单孢菌属(Stenotrophomonas)和假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)为T1处理的独有优势属(分别为13.31%和7.23%),拜叶林克氏菌属(Beijerinckia)为T2处理的独有优势属(4.83%),根瘤菌属(Rhizobium)为T3处理的独有优势属(4.24%)。
基于效应大小线性判别分析(linear discriminant analysis effect size, LEfSe)方法,分析了不同处理显著性差异的标志性物种(图6A)。设置线性判别分析(linear discri-minant analysis, LDA, LDA≥4.0),共筛选出39个biomarkers(图6B)。T1处理在目水平有黄色单胞菌目和假单胞菌目;科水平有黄单胞菌科(Xanthomonadaceae)、根瘤菌科(Rhizobiaceae)和假单胞菌科(Pseudomonadaceae);属水平有寡氧单孢菌属、假单胞菌属、金色单胞菌属(Aureimonas)、短小杆菌属(Curtobacterium);有9类物种显著高于其他处理。T2处理在目水平有根瘤菌目、鞘脂单胞菌目、伯克氏目、肠杆菌目(Enterobacterales);科水平有拜叶林克氏菌科(Beijerinckiaceae)、鞘脂单胞菌科(Sphingomonadaceae)、丛毛单胞菌科(Comamonadaceae)、丙酸杆菌科(Propionibacteriaceae)、欧文菌科(Erwiniaceae);属水平有甲基杆菌属、鞘氨醇单胞菌属、拜叶林克氏菌属、泛菌属(Pantoea)、黏液杆菌属(Mucilaginibacter),有14类物种显著高于其他处理;T3处理在目水平有鞘氨醇杆菌目、芽单胞菌目(Gemmatimonadales)、微球菌目;科水平有鞘氨醇杆菌科(Sphingobacteriaceae)、芽单胞菌科(Gemmatimonadaceae)和拟杆菌科(Microbacteriaceae);属水平有根瘤菌属、芽单胞菌属(Gemmatimonadaceae)、地杆菌属(Pedobacter);有9类物种显著高于其他处理。
在物种丰度聚类热图中,横向聚类表明不同物种在T3与T2处理的枝长较短,2个处理间丰度相似;T1与CK的枝长较短,丰度相似。纵向聚类显示,T1处理的独有优势属寡氧单孢菌属和假单胞菌属分别与鞘氨醇单胞菌属和红假单胞菌属(Rhodopseudomonas)的丰度相似;T2处理的独有优势属拜叶林克氏菌属与伯克霍尔德菌属的丰度相似;T3处理的独有优势属根瘤菌属与1174_901_1的丰度相似(图7)。
基于R语言绘制相关性网络图(图8),结果表明,芽孢杆菌属与真杆菌属、副拟杆菌属呈正相关,与甲基杆菌属、拜叶林克氏菌属和藤黄色杆菌属呈负相关。
基于Bugbase数据库对叶片内生细菌表型进行预测分析,共检测到9种微生物表型(图9)。与CK相比,T1处理的好氧菌(aerobic)、生物膜形成(forms biofilms)、可移动元件(contains mobile elements)、压力耐受(stress tolerant)、潜在致病菌(potentially pathogenic)、革兰氏阴性菌(Gram negative bacteria)的丰度增幅较大,达到0.47%~29.01%;T2处理的生物膜形成、压力耐受、革兰氏阴性菌、好氧菌、可移动元件、兼性厌氧菌(facultative anaerobic bacteria)、潜在致病菌的丰度增幅较大,达到8.61%~24.79%;T3处理的好氧菌、生物膜形成、革兰氏阴性菌、耐受压力、可移动元件、兼性厌氧菌的丰度增幅达到3.24%~14.78%,潜在致病菌下降5.70%。
目前针对田间茶饼病防治的药剂以化学药剂吡唑醚菌酯、苯醚甲环唑等为主[4-5],防效达80.80%,生防药剂为植物源提取物补骨脂乙素的防效达61.72%[28],申嗪霉素和多抗霉素的防效达78.16%和68.17%[4]。而以活菌为有效成分的生物制剂防治茶饼病的报道较少。芽孢杆菌、放线菌等对茶饼病菌丝生长具有抑制作用[8],本研究中LNL31对5种病原菌坏损外担菌、胶孢炭疽菌、尖孢镰刀菌、地毯草黄单胞杆菌、大肠杆菌菌丝的抑制作用明显,对病原真菌的孢子萌发抑制率达89.04%~93.00%,推测LNL31中的功能菌株具有良好分泌拮抗物质能力。
巨大芽孢杆菌L2可湿性粉剂对茶饼病的田间防效达49.01%,增产达19.02%[9]。本研究的田间试验中发现LNL31的田间防效达91.98%,茶树叶茶饼病病斑生长缓慢,说明该制剂能有效抑制茶饼病菌丝生长。生防菌的田间功效取决于定殖能力,影响其定殖的因子包括施用方式、田间环境因子(如光照、温湿度、植物表面和内部结构和其他微生物等多种因素)[24]。本研究中,LNL31的500倍、1000倍液对茶树芽长、芽密度、鲜重和叶绿素的促生作用分别为23.14%~36.17%、32.10%~51.38%、27.66%~40.00%和28.88%~36.14%,由此推断该菌剂施用于茶树叶后,菌剂中的功能菌株芽孢杆菌利用叶部营养和湿度等适宜的理化因子,分泌了促生物质。
内生菌对植物的生长和健康至关重要。鞘氨醇单胞菌属、根瘤菌属、摩根氏菌属(Morganella)和甲基杆菌属是茶树的常见优势内生细菌[29]。CAO等[30]研究发现茶饼病发病植株的叶内生细菌丰度和多样性均低于健康植株。本研究也发现喷施以解淀粉芽孢杆菌和巨大芽孢杆菌为功能菌株的LNL31后,茶树叶片内生细菌中的芽孢杆菌属并不是排名前20的优势属,内生细菌群落的丰富度和均匀度增加,叶内细菌群落有显著影响;甲基杆菌属、1174_901_12、鞘氨醇单胞菌属和根瘤菌属等是优势属,从而提高了指示菌群数量,优势属拜叶林克氏菌属与伯克霍尔德菌属度相似,根瘤菌属与1174_901_12丰度相似,由此推断微生物菌剂中的芽孢杆菌菌体主要在茶树叶部表面定殖后,分泌拮抗和促生等活性物质传导至叶内,抑制茶饼病的发生,改善叶内细菌群落丰度和多样性。
Bugbase主要进行细菌的表型预测,通过表型情况预测微生物群落生态功能[14]。YANG等[31]研究发现施用多粘类芽孢杆菌(Paenibacillus polymyxa)KN-03菌株能降低柑橘黄龙病病菌含量,同时提高移动元件、生物膜形成、耐受压力等类群的相对丰度。本研究通过Bugbase功能预测得知,在喷施微生物菌剂LNL31 500倍液处理的好氧菌、生物膜形成、革兰氏阴性菌、耐受压力、可移动元件、兼性厌氧菌增幅较大,潜在致病菌下降。需要注意的是在喷施化学药剂25%吡唑醚菌酯1000倍液和微生物菌剂LNL31 1000倍液处理的潜在致病菌数量增加,这些变化对茶树健康的影响尚不清楚,需进一步研究。今后应进一步探索其生防机理,发掘具有较强抗茶饼病作用的有益微生物,使其在茶饼病绿色防控领域发挥更好的作用。
茶饼病一般在高湿、低温的环境条件下发生,29 ℃是适宜茶饼病发生的上限[4],可酌情减少药剂用量。本研究的田间试验说明施用LNL31的时机应在茶饼病发病前或早期,施药次数以2~3次为宜,间隔2~3 d。根据微生物制剂特性和植株发病特点,应均匀喷施,同时避免在烈日下施用,应选择在傍晚或阴天施用。
本研究发现LNL31能抑制多种病原菌,田间施用LNL31对茶饼病防效明显,同时对茶树促生作用显著,因此,LNL31具有良好的应用前景,可改善茶叶内生细菌群落结构,为茶饼病的生物防治提供科学依据。而对茶树的防病促生机制有待深入研究。
  • 江西省重点研发计划项目(20223BBF61015)
  • 海南省自然科学基金项目(322RC750; 721RC631)
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2024年第45卷第12期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.12.016
  • 接收时间:2024-08-19
  • 首发时间:2026-06-23
  • 出版时间:2024-12-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-08-19
  • 修回日期:2024-09-02
基金
江西省重点研发计划项目(20223BBF61015)
海南省自然科学基金项目(322RC750; 721RC631)
作者信息
    1.中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所/国家肥料微生物种质资源库(海南),海南海口 571101
    2.中国热带农业科学院科技信息研究所,海南海口 571101
    3.中华人民共和国菏泽海关,山东菏泽 274000
    4.江西省科学院微生物研究所,江西南昌 330096
    5.海南宝绿春农业开发有限公司,海南海口 571100

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* 汪军(WANG Jun),E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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