Article(id=1276204488348266750, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276204178091413862, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.12.013, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1720972800000, receivedDateStr=2024-07-15, revisedDate=1721923200000, revisedDateStr=2024-07-26, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1782200460755, onlineDateStr=2026-06-23, pubDate=1735056000000, pubDateStr=2024-12-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1782200460755, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-23, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1782200460755, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1782200460755, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1276204178091413862, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, year='2024', volume='45', issue='12', pageStart='2487', pageEnd='2737', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1735056000000', pubDateStr='2024-12-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1782200386783, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782200456354, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1276204470308565242, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276204178091413862, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1276204470308565243, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276204178091413862, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=2607, endPage=2616, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1276204492609679617, articleId=1276204488348266750, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=EN, title=The Influence of Magnesium on the Growth of Red Pitaya and the Activity of Enzymes Related to Citric Acid Metabolism, columnId=1236256434120348225, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, columnName=Plant Cultivation, Physiology & Biochemistry, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Pitaya fruit is a characteristic tropical fruit of Hainan province, mainly cultivated in the red soil of Hainan province. The exchangeable magnesium is lost throughout the year, leading to magnesium deficiency in some orchards, which affects the growth and yield of pitaya fruit. Magnesium is involved in photosynthesis and other metabolic processes. Therefore, this study took the main domestic variety of pitaya Dahong as the experimental material, using hydroponic experiments, set four magnesium concentration gradients of 0, 0.5, 2.0, 4.0 mmol/L, to determine the changes in the apparent morphology, biomass, and the activity of enzymes related to crassulacean acid metabolism in pitaya fruit. The results showed: (1) Different magnesium concentration treatments had a significant impact on the length, width, thickness, stem thickness, and fresh weight of the tender stems of pitaya fruit. When magnesium is deficient or excessive, the length, width, thickness, stem thickness, and fresh weight of the tender stems are also significantly less than those treated with 2.0 mmol/L. Magnesium deficiency can significantly reduce the length, width, thickness, stem thickness, and fresh weight of pitaya fruit. The condition of 2.0 mmol/L magnesium concentration is most suitable for plant growth; (2) The activity of PEPC first increased and then decreased with the increase of magnesium concentration. The activity of PEPC at 4 mmol/L magnesium concentration was lower than at 2.0 mmol/L but higher than at 0.5 mmol/L and 0 mmol/L treatments. after 84 days, under the condition of 2.0 mmol/L magnesium concentration, the PEPC activity in tender and old stems was the highest among other treatments, at 90.44±1.40 and 92.77±0.67 nmol/(min·g), respectively, and its initial CO2 fixation ability was much higher than other treatments; The activity of NAD-MDH in tender stems decreased with the increase of magnesium concentration. With the extension of treatment time, the impact of magnesium concentration on NAD-MDH gradually appeared, first observed in tender stems and then gradually affected the old stems. The maximum activity of tender and old stems treated with magnesium deficiency after 84 days was (12631.82±286.04)nmol/(min·g), and (10500.16±108.34) nmol/(min·g), respectively; Under the treatment of 2.0 mmol/L magnesium concentration, the activity of NAD-ME in both tender and old stems of pitaya fruit was maintained at a high level, with an overall average of 28.41~ 65.87 nmol/min/g. (3) Magnesium deficiency had a significant effect on the enzyme activities of PEPC and NAD-MDH in tender stems. Magnesium deficiency reduced the activity of PEPC, leading to a decrease in oxaloacetic acid content, limiting the process of CO2 conversion to malate. The accumulation of malate at night is reduced, and the raw materials for photosynthesis are insufficient during the day, thereby reducing the accumulation capacity of organic matter. Conclusion: The optimal magnesium concentration for the cultivation of domestic red-fleshed pitaya is 2.0 mmol/L. The magnesium concentration in the soil of the current pitaya planting area is lower than this value, so it is recommended to reasonably increase the application of magnesium fertilizer during the planting of pitaya.

, authors=null, authorsList=Jingwen HU, Wenbin HU, Hui CHEN, Huiming ZHANG, Xiangyang ZENG, Fusun YANG, Hongli LI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Fusun YANG, Hongli LI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1276204517255409940, articleId=1276204488348266750, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=CN, title=镁对红肉火龙果生长及景天酸代谢相关酶活性的影响, columnId=1236256434313286224, journalTitle=热带作物学报, columnName=作物栽培与生理生化, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

火龙果是海南省的特色热带水果,主要种植于海南省红壤中,其交换性镁常年流失,导致一些果园出现镁缺乏现象,影响火龙果生长及产量。镁参与了光合作用及其他代谢过程,为此本研究以国内主要火龙果品种大红为试验材料,采用水培试验,设置0、0.5、2.0、4.0 mmol/L 4个镁浓度梯度,测定镁对火龙果表观形态、生物量以及景天酸代谢相关酶活性变化。结果表明:(1)不同镁浓度处理对火龙果嫩茎长度、宽度、厚度、茎粗和鲜质量产生很大影响,缺镁或镁过量时嫩茎长度、宽度、厚度、茎粗和鲜重均显著小于2.0 mmol/L镁处理,其中缺镁会使火龙果长度、宽度、厚度、茎粗和鲜质量明显下降,以2.0 mmol/L镁浓度条件最适合植株生长;(2)磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶PEPC活性随着镁浓度增加呈先增后降趋势,4.0 mmol/L镁浓度处理PEPC活性低于2.0 mmol/L处理,但活性高于0.5、0 mmol/L处理。在第84天,2.0 mmol/L镁浓度下,嫩茎和老茎PEPC活性较其他处理最高分别为90.44±1.40、92.77±0.67 nmol/(min·g),其初步固定CO2的能力远高于其他处理;苹果酸脱氢酶NAD-MDH活性在嫩茎中随镁浓度增加而呈下降趋势,随着处理时间的延长,镁浓度对NAD-MDH的影响逐渐显现,首先在嫩茎中观察到,然后逐渐影响老茎。在第84天,缺镁处理嫩茎和老茎活性最大分别为(12631.82±286.04)nmol/(min·g)、(10500.16±108.34)nmol/(min·g);在2.0 mmol/L镁浓度处理下火龙果嫩茎和老茎的苹果酸酶NAD-ME活性均维持较高水平,总体平均达到28.41~ 65.87 nmol/(min·g)。(3)缺镁对嫩茎PEPC和NAD-MDH活性影响有显著差异,缺镁降低了PEPC活性,导致草酰乙酸含量减少,限制了CO2转化为苹果酸的过程。夜间苹果酸积累减少,白天光合作用的原料不足,从而降低了有机物的积累能力。因此,国内红肉火龙果培养中最佳镁浓度为2.0 mmol/L,当前火龙果种植区土壤中镁浓度低于此值,因此建议在火龙果种植时合理增施镁肥。

, authors=

胡静雯(1997—),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:作物栽培。

, authorsList=胡静雯, 胡文斌, 陈晖, 张惠明, 曾祥阳, 杨福孙, 李洪立, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=杨福孙, 李洪立, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 杨福孙(YANG Fusun),E-mail:
李洪立(LI Hongli),E-mail:
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2.Tropical Crop Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China
3.Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Affairs, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China
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2.中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所,海南海口 571101
3.农业农村部华南作物基因资源与种质创制重点实验室,海南海口 571101
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胡静雯(1997—),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:作物栽培。

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胡静雯(1997—),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:作物栽培。

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3.农业农村部华南作物基因资源与种质创制重点实验室,海南海口 571101
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不同小写字母代表处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=TqIsrFYKzetCa3NW/+yUew==, figureFileBig=sydKpU911DzzqtUmvfOsTQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276204563879293279, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276204488348266750, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Correlation of physiological effects of different magnesium concentrations on pitaya on day 84, figureFileSmall=6O/NL+eEiHY1+arbtYT6HQ==, figureFileBig=Z3uP2joc5Vdgu8HeomO6qw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276204564311306592, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276204488348266750, language=CN, label=图2, caption=在第84天不同镁浓度处理对火龙果表型及叶绿素影响的相关性

H为处理;TSL为嫩茎长度;TSW为嫩茎宽度;CATS为嫩茎叶绿素a;CBTS为嫩茎叶绿素b;CAOS为老茎叶绿素a;CBOS为老茎叶绿素b;*为显著相关。

, figureFileSmall=6O/NL+eEiHY1+arbtYT6HQ==, figureFileBig=Z3uP2joc5Vdgu8HeomO6qw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276204565921919329, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276204488348266750, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=PEPC activity in the tender stem (A) and old sterm (B) of pitaya at different magnesium concentrations, figureFileSmall=BEHlpX8C8eqt5qYjgKmevQ==, figureFileBig=6ztMZh3Yn0W5DO2AOoVmxw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276204566316183906, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276204488348266750, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同镁浓度下火龙果嫩茎(A)和老茎(B)PEPC活性

不同小写字母代表处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=BEHlpX8C8eqt5qYjgKmevQ==, figureFileBig=6ztMZh3Yn0W5DO2AOoVmxw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276204566752391523, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276204488348266750, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=NAD-MDH activity of the tender stems (A) and old sterm (B) of pitaya at different magnesium concentrations, figureFileSmall=2ov/30W2OyUjWzX6ArtKdw==, figureFileBig=3sfWb/KwMW5TMihzwDSzdQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276204567561892196, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276204488348266750, language=CN, label=图4, caption=不同镁浓度下火龙果嫩茎(A)和老茎(B)NAD-MDH活性

不同小写字母代表处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=2ov/30W2OyUjWzX6ArtKdw==, figureFileBig=3sfWb/KwMW5TMihzwDSzdQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276204567683527013, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276204488348266750, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=NAD-ME activity of the tender stems (A) and old sterm (B) of pitaya at different magnesium concentrations, figureFileSmall=Qf9qjwjplGrSgJvGB81yVQ==, figureFileBig=nJVHUGcrC+kipqQGNISMeg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276204568400752998, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276204488348266750, language=CN, label=图5, caption=不同镁浓度下火龙果嫩茎(A)和老茎(B)NAD-ME活性

不同小写字母代表处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=Qf9qjwjplGrSgJvGB81yVQ==, figureFileBig=nJVHUGcrC+kipqQGNISMeg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276204570560819560, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276204488348266750, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=Correlation between different magnesium concentrations on day 84 and sedum acid metabolizing enzymes in pitaya fruit, figureFileSmall=saaEQe4CsiFp4vvwynzscw==, figureFileBig=7io3YfHFhd6hG6gtFY9biA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276204571336765801, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276204488348266750, language=CN, label=图6, caption=在第84天不同镁浓度处理对火龙果景天酸代谢酶的相关性

H为处理;TSMAE为嫩茎苹果酸酶;TSMAHD为嫩茎苹果酸脱氢酶;TSPEPC为嫩茎磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶;OSMAE为老茎苹果酸酶;OSMAHD为老茎苹果酸脱氢酶;OSPEPC为老茎磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶;*为显著相关。

, figureFileSmall=saaEQe4CsiFp4vvwynzscw==, figureFileBig=7io3YfHFhd6hG6gtFY9biA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276204571781362027, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276204488348266750, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Effects of different magnesium concentrations on the growth of tender stems of pitaya fruit on day 84

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
镁浓度Mg concentration/(mmol·L-1)长度Length/cm宽度Width/cm厚度Thickness/mm茎粗Stem diameter/cm鲜质量Fresh weight/g
055.08±2.98c4.00±0.26c1.81±0.07d14.97±0.21b519.57±20.64b
0.565.53±1.31b4.50±0.22bc2.69±0.13c15.83±0.18b704.70±44.10a
2.083.73±3.19a5.70±0.16a5.16±0.09a17.22±0.07a742.83±37.18a
4.070.14±2.28b4.97±0.19b3.51±0.14b15.82±0.55b526.77±10.70b
), ArticleFig(id=1276204573014487408, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276204488348266750, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

在第84天不同镁浓度对火龙果嫩茎生长的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
镁浓度Mg concentration/(mmol·L-1)长度Length/cm宽度Width/cm厚度Thickness/mm茎粗Stem diameter/cm鲜质量Fresh weight/g
055.08±2.98c4.00±0.26c1.81±0.07d14.97±0.21b519.57±20.64b
0.565.53±1.31b4.50±0.22bc2.69±0.13c15.83±0.18b704.70±44.10a
2.083.73±3.19a5.70±0.16a5.16±0.09a17.22±0.07a742.83±37.18a
4.070.14±2.28b4.97±0.19b3.51±0.14b15.82±0.55b526.77±10.70b
), ArticleFig(id=1276204575153582449, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276204488348266750, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Effects of different magnesium concentrations on the biomass of pitaya fruit on day 84

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
镁浓度Mg concentration/(mmol·L-1)嫩茎Tender stem老茎Old stem
干质量Dry matter/g含水率Moisture content/%干质量/g Dry matter/g含水率Moisture content/%
036.61±1.85b92.94±0.34b39.81±1.00a93.31±0.34a
0.543.73±2.11b93.78±0.10a41.37±2.09a93.35±0.31a
2.051.71±3.15a93.05±0.08b42.63±1.55a93.07±0.30a
4.038.10±0.86b92.77±0.07b34.10±0.89b93.01±0.46a
), ArticleFig(id=1276204575979860338, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276204488348266750, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

在第84天不同镁浓度对火龙果生物量的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
镁浓度Mg concentration/(mmol·L-1)嫩茎Tender stem老茎Old stem
干质量Dry matter/g含水率Moisture content/%干质量/g Dry matter/g含水率Moisture content/%
036.61±1.85b92.94±0.34b39.81±1.00a93.31±0.34a
0.543.73±2.11b93.78±0.10a41.37±2.09a93.35±0.31a
2.051.71±3.15a93.05±0.08b42.63±1.55a93.07±0.30a
4.038.10±0.86b92.77±0.07b34.10±0.89b93.01±0.46a
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镁对红肉火龙果生长及景天酸代谢相关酶活性的影响
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胡静雯 1, 2, 3, 4 , 胡文斌 2, 3, 4 , 陈晖 1 , 张惠明 1 , 曾祥阳 1, 2, 3, 4 , 杨福孙 1, * , 李洪立 2, 3, 4, *
热带作物学报 | 作物栽培与生理生化 2024,45(12): 2607-2616
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热带作物学报 |作物栽培与生理生化 2024 , 45 (12) : 2607 -2616
镁对红肉火龙果生长及景天酸代谢相关酶活性的影响
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胡静雯1, 2, 3, 4, 胡文斌2, 3, 4, 陈晖1, 张惠明1, 曾祥阳1, 2, 3, 4, 杨福孙1, * , 李洪立2, 3, 4, *
作者信息
  • 1.海南大学热带农林学院,海南海口 570228
  • 2.中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所,海南海口 571101
  • 3.农业农村部华南作物基因资源与种质创制重点实验室,海南海口 571101
  • 4.海南省热带作物资源遗传改良与创新重点实验室,海南海口 571101
通讯作者:
* 杨福孙(YANG Fusun),E-mail:
李洪立(LI Hongli),E-mail:
The Influence of Magnesium on the Growth of Red Pitaya and the Activity of Enzymes Related to Citric Acid Metabolism
Jingwen HU1, 2, 3, 4, Wenbin HU2, 3, 4, Hui CHEN1, Huiming ZHANG1, Xiangyang ZENG1, 2, 3, 4, Fusun YANG1, * , Hongli LI2, 3, 4, *
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
  • 2.Tropical Crop Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China
  • 3.Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Affairs, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China
  • 4.Key Laboratory of Tropical Crops Germplasm Resources Genetic Improvement and Innovation of Hainan Province, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China
出版时间: 2024-12-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.12.013
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火龙果是海南省的特色热带水果,主要种植于海南省红壤中,其交换性镁常年流失,导致一些果园出现镁缺乏现象,影响火龙果生长及产量。镁参与了光合作用及其他代谢过程,为此本研究以国内主要火龙果品种大红为试验材料,采用水培试验,设置0、0.5、2.0、4.0 mmol/L 4个镁浓度梯度,测定镁对火龙果表观形态、生物量以及景天酸代谢相关酶活性变化。结果表明:(1)不同镁浓度处理对火龙果嫩茎长度、宽度、厚度、茎粗和鲜质量产生很大影响,缺镁或镁过量时嫩茎长度、宽度、厚度、茎粗和鲜重均显著小于2.0 mmol/L镁处理,其中缺镁会使火龙果长度、宽度、厚度、茎粗和鲜质量明显下降,以2.0 mmol/L镁浓度条件最适合植株生长;(2)磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶PEPC活性随着镁浓度增加呈先增后降趋势,4.0 mmol/L镁浓度处理PEPC活性低于2.0 mmol/L处理,但活性高于0.5、0 mmol/L处理。在第84天,2.0 mmol/L镁浓度下,嫩茎和老茎PEPC活性较其他处理最高分别为90.44±1.40、92.77±0.67 nmol/(min·g),其初步固定CO2的能力远高于其他处理;苹果酸脱氢酶NAD-MDH活性在嫩茎中随镁浓度增加而呈下降趋势,随着处理时间的延长,镁浓度对NAD-MDH的影响逐渐显现,首先在嫩茎中观察到,然后逐渐影响老茎。在第84天,缺镁处理嫩茎和老茎活性最大分别为(12631.82±286.04)nmol/(min·g)、(10500.16±108.34)nmol/(min·g);在2.0 mmol/L镁浓度处理下火龙果嫩茎和老茎的苹果酸酶NAD-ME活性均维持较高水平,总体平均达到28.41~ 65.87 nmol/(min·g)。(3)缺镁对嫩茎PEPC和NAD-MDH活性影响有显著差异,缺镁降低了PEPC活性,导致草酰乙酸含量减少,限制了CO2转化为苹果酸的过程。夜间苹果酸积累减少,白天光合作用的原料不足,从而降低了有机物的积累能力。因此,国内红肉火龙果培养中最佳镁浓度为2.0 mmol/L,当前火龙果种植区土壤中镁浓度低于此值,因此建议在火龙果种植时合理增施镁肥。

镁  /  火龙果  /  苹果酸酶  /  苹果酸脱氢酶  /  磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶

Pitaya fruit is a characteristic tropical fruit of Hainan province, mainly cultivated in the red soil of Hainan province. The exchangeable magnesium is lost throughout the year, leading to magnesium deficiency in some orchards, which affects the growth and yield of pitaya fruit. Magnesium is involved in photosynthesis and other metabolic processes. Therefore, this study took the main domestic variety of pitaya Dahong as the experimental material, using hydroponic experiments, set four magnesium concentration gradients of 0, 0.5, 2.0, 4.0 mmol/L, to determine the changes in the apparent morphology, biomass, and the activity of enzymes related to crassulacean acid metabolism in pitaya fruit. The results showed: (1) Different magnesium concentration treatments had a significant impact on the length, width, thickness, stem thickness, and fresh weight of the tender stems of pitaya fruit. When magnesium is deficient or excessive, the length, width, thickness, stem thickness, and fresh weight of the tender stems are also significantly less than those treated with 2.0 mmol/L. Magnesium deficiency can significantly reduce the length, width, thickness, stem thickness, and fresh weight of pitaya fruit. The condition of 2.0 mmol/L magnesium concentration is most suitable for plant growth; (2) The activity of PEPC first increased and then decreased with the increase of magnesium concentration. The activity of PEPC at 4 mmol/L magnesium concentration was lower than at 2.0 mmol/L but higher than at 0.5 mmol/L and 0 mmol/L treatments. after 84 days, under the condition of 2.0 mmol/L magnesium concentration, the PEPC activity in tender and old stems was the highest among other treatments, at 90.44±1.40 and 92.77±0.67 nmol/(min·g), respectively, and its initial CO2 fixation ability was much higher than other treatments; The activity of NAD-MDH in tender stems decreased with the increase of magnesium concentration. With the extension of treatment time, the impact of magnesium concentration on NAD-MDH gradually appeared, first observed in tender stems and then gradually affected the old stems. The maximum activity of tender and old stems treated with magnesium deficiency after 84 days was (12631.82±286.04)nmol/(min·g), and (10500.16±108.34) nmol/(min·g), respectively; Under the treatment of 2.0 mmol/L magnesium concentration, the activity of NAD-ME in both tender and old stems of pitaya fruit was maintained at a high level, with an overall average of 28.41~ 65.87 nmol/min/g. (3) Magnesium deficiency had a significant effect on the enzyme activities of PEPC and NAD-MDH in tender stems. Magnesium deficiency reduced the activity of PEPC, leading to a decrease in oxaloacetic acid content, limiting the process of CO2 conversion to malate. The accumulation of malate at night is reduced, and the raw materials for photosynthesis are insufficient during the day, thereby reducing the accumulation capacity of organic matter. Conclusion: The optimal magnesium concentration for the cultivation of domestic red-fleshed pitaya is 2.0 mmol/L. The magnesium concentration in the soil of the current pitaya planting area is lower than this value, so it is recommended to reasonably increase the application of magnesium fertilizer during the planting of pitaya.

magnesium  /  pitaya  /  malic enzyme  /  malate dehydrogenase  /  phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase
胡静雯, 胡文斌, 陈晖, 张惠明, 曾祥阳, 杨福孙, 李洪立. 镁对红肉火龙果生长及景天酸代谢相关酶活性的影响. 热带作物学报, 2024 , 45 (12) : 2607 -2616 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.12.013
Jingwen HU, Wenbin HU, Hui CHEN, Huiming ZHANG, Xiangyang ZENG, Fusun YANG, Hongli LI. The Influence of Magnesium on the Growth of Red Pitaya and the Activity of Enzymes Related to Citric Acid Metabolism[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2024 , 45 (12) : 2607 -2616 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.12.013
作物生长需17种必需元素[1],保证所有必需元素的平衡供应才能实现作物高产高质目标。长期以来,在国内外生产中,大量施用氮磷钾化肥而忽视其他养分投入的现象普遍存在。连续大量、甚至过量施用氮磷钾化肥导致养分投入不平衡,不但影响作物产量和品质、降低肥料利用率,还会增加生产成本、浪费资源,并带来一系列环境问题。然而,镁作为植物生长所必需的中量元素,在维持作物正常生长发育方面发挥着不可替代的作用[2-3]。然而在过去几十年生产中一直忽视了镁营养投入[4-6]。镁在国内外现代农业生产中不受重视已普遍存在[7],导致实际生产中,作物缺镁现象极为普遍且严重影响作物的产量与品质。
当前我国21%土壤有效镁含量严重缺乏,尤其是福建、云南、海南、广西四省(区)低于60 mg/kg[8],每年需要补充984万t MgO[9]。海南省为水力侵蚀较严重的南方红壤区,部分果园水土流失严重,加速了土壤中交换性镁的流失,使镁含量逐年降低[10-11]。据调查,火龙果软枝大红园区对交换镁含量需求较大,而土壤中可利用Mg2+较少,植株生长受到抑制,衰老加速,造成生产力和质量下降[12]。火龙果作为海南省的特色热带水果,种植面积逐年扩大[13]。因此,关注镁对火龙果生长的影响,对于保障火龙果的产量和品质具有重要意义。
火龙果(pitaya)属于仙人掌科(Cactaceae)多年生攀缘植物,是典型的景天酸代谢途径(CAM)植物[14-15]。在CAM中,夜间CO2由磷酸烯醇丙酮酸羧化酶(PEPC)催化完成,固定碳以苹果酸的形式短暂储存在液泡中,在光照期间脱羧[16]。CAM植物的储备碳水化合物和可滴定酸度每天都会出现巨大的波动。PEPC反应生成草酰乙酸(OAA),在苹果酸脱氢酶(NAD-MDH)的催化下将其还原为苹果酸。然后苹果酸被输送到液泡中。白天,苹果酸从液泡中流出,为脱羧反应提供底物,产生CO2被送入还原性磷酸戊糖途径。在苹果酸酶型CAM植物中,苹果酸在脱酸期间被NAD依赖性苹果酸酶(NAD-ME)脱羧,生成丙酮酸和CO2。因此,PEPC、NAD-MDH、NAD-ME是火龙果光合作用关键酶。这些酶在火龙果植物的碳代谢中发挥关键作用[17],并提高光合作用效率和水分利用效率[18]。镁是构成叶绿素的中心组成部分,对维持叶绿体结构和功能发挥着不可替代的作用[19],对植物的光合作用、呼吸作用、糖酵解以及三羧酸循环等关键生理过程至关重要[20]。植物细胞中镁的浓度在叶绿体中最高[21],而叶绿体是发生光合作用的细胞器。据报道,在镁供应不足的情况下,CO2同化率降低[22-24]
科学家对烟草、巴西蕉、马铃薯等多数C3和C4作物因镁的缺失或不足造成的作物形态特征、生理生化变化等进行了深入研究[25-28]。而对火龙果这种景天酸代谢途径作物研究不够深入,因此本研究通过水培试验,采用不同镁浓度处理,测定火龙果植株的生长形态、生物量以及景天酸代谢相关酶活性等指标变化规律,以揭示镁对火龙果光合作用关键酶(PEPC、NAD-MDH、NAD-ME)活性的影响。分析出镁元素在火龙果生长发育中的作用机制,为合理施用镁肥,提高作物产量和品质,推动农业绿色可持续发展提供实践支持。
于2023年10月在海南省儋州市中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所火龙果展示基地(110°73′37.32″E,19°54′37.21″N)进行试验,供试火龙果品种为大红,选取184株长势一致的火龙果幼苗,杀菌风干后移植于Hoagland营养液中进行前期培养,待植株生长状况稳定75 d后进行镁浓度梯度试验。
试验采用营养液水培方式,营养液为Hoagland溶液[22],营养液中的镁为MgSO4·7H2O,镁浓度设为0、0.5、2.0、4.0 mmol/L 4个处理,并通过添加Na2SO4保持各个处理之间的SO42-浓度平衡,进行单因素随机区组试验,4个处理,2次重复,共8个区。营养液每30 d更新1次,电导度(EC)控制在2.1 ms/cm,并24 h不间断充气供氧。
在处理后14、28、48、84 d取样。再分别用不同供镁浓度处理,拍照记录植株表型,采用卷尺、直尺测定嫩茎长度、宽度、茎粗。植株生物量测定:收获时沿茎基部剪下地上部,105 ℃杀青30 min后60 ℃烘干至恒重,用万分之一天平准确称取地上部干质量。
不同时间取样,测定老茎和嫩茎的叶绿素,叶绿素含量测定参照95%无水乙醇浸提法[29]进行,暗处放置12~24 h,叶片全部变白后测定叶绿素含量。
不同时间取样,切块液氮速冻。将老茎和嫩茎打磨成粉,保存于50 mL离心管中,置于–80 ℃超低温冰箱保持备用。按照酶试剂盒说明书测定植株的苹果酸酶(NAD-ME)、苹果酸脱氢酶(NAD-MDH)和磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶(PEPC)活性,重复3次,测定均使用苏州科铭生物技术有限公司试剂盒。
采用Excel 2021软件进行数据整理,不同镁浓度水平处理间植株形态、地上部生物量和酶活性均使用SPSS 27.0软件进行分析,并利用Origin 9.0绘制图表。
通过持续监测火龙果表型,发现84 d缺镁处理比前几次采样症状较为明显,其大小、分枝、长势、生物量有较大的的差异。同一采样时间、不同镁浓度处理后火龙果嫩茎长度、宽度、厚度、茎粗和鲜重均呈先升高后降低的趋势,且在2.0 mmol/L处理下最大(表1),较其余处理增幅分别为19.38%~52.02%、14.69%~42.50%、47.01%~185.08%、8.78%~15.03%和5.41%~42.97%,其嫩茎的厚度与其他处理达显著水平。缺镁和高浓度镁均显著抑制火龙果嫩茎的生长,但缺镁对火龙果嫩茎的生长抑制程度明显强于高浓度镁。
火龙果嫩茎和老茎的生物量随镁浓度的增加均呈先升高后降低的变化趋势(表2),在0 mmol/L和4.0 mmol/L处理下火龙果生物量显著降低,以2.0 mmol/L处理嫩茎的生物量最高,与其他处理差异达显著水平,较0 mmol/L处理增加41.25%,较4.0 mmol/L处理增加35.72%;老茎在2.0 mmol/L处理下生物量最高,较4.0 mmol/L处理增加25.02%,同时4.0 mmol/L处理下老茎较其余处理差异明显。
随着处理时间的延长,0 mmol/L和0.5 mmol/L处理下嫩茎中叶绿素b含量均呈下降趋势,2.0 mmol/L处理下嫩茎中叶绿素b含量却呈平缓上升趋势,在第84天,叶绿素b含量达到最高,与其他处理差异显著,较0 mmol/L处理增加21.29%,较0.5 mmol/L处理增加21.10%,较4.0 mmol/L处理增加11.97%(图1A)。
在第84天,2.0mmol/L处理下老茎的叶绿素b含量显著高于其他处理,较0 mmol/L处理增加11.02%,较0.5 mmol/L处理增加6.64%,较4.0 mmol/L处理增加21.80%(图1B),且差异均达显著水平。
不同镁浓度处理对火龙果植株表型性状、光合色素含量间相关性较高,嫩茎的长度、宽度与镁浓度呈显著正相关,嫩茎的叶绿素a含量、叶绿素b含量与镁浓度呈显著正相关,而老茎的叶绿素a含量、叶绿素b含量与镁浓度呈显著负相关(图2)。镁浓度对火龙果植株的表型性状和光合色素含量具有显著影响。不同浓度的镁处理会显著改变植株的嫩茎长度和宽度,同时对嫩茎和老茎的叶绿素含量产生相反的影响。
不同镁浓度处理下嫩茎和老茎中PEPC活性存在显著差异,总体呈现出先上升后下降的变化趋势。在第84天,2.0 mmol/L处理下嫩茎中PEPC活性最高,达(90.44±1.40)nmol/(min·g),较其他处理增幅为33.84%~313.47%。在不同采样时间内,0 mmol/L处理下嫩茎中PEPC活性始终保持最低水平,2.0 mmol/L处理下嫩茎中PEPC活性相对稳定(图3A)。随处理时间的延长,在第48天,2.0 mmol/L处理下老茎的PEPC活性到达最高,达(123.78±2.15) nmol/(min·g),较其他处理增幅为78.42%~196.15%(图3B)。
火龙果嫩茎和老茎对镁浓度的响应呈现动态变化的趋势,显示出植物在不同生长阶段可能对镁浓度有不同的需求和适应能力。适中的镁浓度(2.0 mmol/L)有助于提高嫩茎和老茎中PEPC的活性,从而促进二氧化碳的固定和代谢过程。
夜间NAD-MDH的催化OAA还原为苹果酸送到液泡中储藏。在不同采样时间内,火龙果嫩茎和老茎中NAD-MDH活性与镁浓度之间存在显著性差异。嫩茎和老茎的NAD-MDH活性随着镁浓度的增加呈下降的趋势。在4.0 mmol/L处理下,嫩茎和老茎中NAD-MDH活性最低,0 mmol/L处理下嫩茎和老茎中NAD-MDH活性最高分别为(12631.82±286.04)、(10500.16±108.34)nmol/(min·g)(图4A、4B)。在第14天,嫩茎4个镁浓度处理NAD- MDH活性存在显著差异,而老茎NAD-MDH活性差异相对较小均超过10 000 nmol/(min·g),随着镁浓度处理时间延长,NAD-MDH受影响逐渐明显,先体现在嫩茎后逐渐影响老茎。
不同镁浓度处理嫩茎NAD-ME活性在不同采样时间内均存在显著性差异。0、0.5、4.0 mmol/L处理的嫩茎NAD-ME活性整体呈先上升后下降的趋势,而2.0 mmol/L处理的嫩茎NAD-ME活性则表现为降-升-降模式,在第48天,2.0 mmol/L处理的嫩茎NAD- ME活性达到最高,达(65.87±1.51)nmol/(min·g)(图5A)。
采样时间在14、28、48d,不同镁浓度处理老茎中NAD-ME活性也存在显著性差异,不同镁浓度处理下的老茎NAD-ME活性均呈现下降趋势,其中2.0 mmol/L处理时老茎的NAD-ME活性保持在较高水平,而0.5 mmol/L处理时老茎的NAD-ME活性则相对较低(图5B)。4个采样时间的嫩茎和老茎NAD-ME活性均维持较高水平,总体平均达到28.41~65.87 nmol/(min·g)。适中的镁浓度(2.0 mmol/L)有助于提高嫩茎和老茎中NADME的活性,从而促进苹果酸的分解和二氧化碳的生成,有利于光合作用。
不同镁浓度处理对火龙果植株景天酸代谢关键酶活性间相关性较高,镁浓度与嫩茎、老茎的PEPC活性均呈显著正相关;嫩茎和老茎的NAD-MDH活性与镁浓度均呈显著负相关,嫩茎的NAD-ME和老茎的NAD-MDH活性呈显著正相关,而老茎PEPC活性和嫩茎的NAD-ME活性、老茎的NAD-MDH活性均呈显著负相关(图6)。
已有研究表明,镁缺乏不仅会抑制植株的生长,减少分枝数和冠幅,而且会显著降低植株的光合能力[30]。在草莓植株中,镁缺乏会导致老叶边缘和叶脉失绿,随着症状的恶化,株高、叶面积、根长和单株重量均减少[31]。黄瓜苗期施用镁肥能促进生长,花期施用对株高、叶面积和花序数有显著影响,而在收获期施用则能减少次果率[32]。而火龙果植株在镁浓度为2.0 mmol/L时,生长状态良好,长势明显优于其余处理,缺镁时火龙果植株茎厚度明显变薄,出现枝条卷曲等症状。同时,生物量是反映植物体有机物积累状况的主要指标,常被用来评估植物的生长状况[33]。对苦瓜进行的研究显示,缺乏或高浓度的镁都会导致干物质显著降低,这表明镁对苦瓜的生长有重要影响[34]。本研究中,在缺镁处理下火龙果植株生物量显著降低,植株明显瘦弱,且4.0 mmol/L镁处理的生物量明显低于2.0 mmol/L镁处理。这说明镁缺乏或镁浓度过高均会显著影响火龙果嫩茎长度、宽度、厚度和生物量等各项参数。
镁是叶绿素分子中唯一的金属元素,参与叶绿素和色素的组成,约有10%的镁结合在叶绿素a和叶绿体b中[35]。叶绿素作为植物进行光合作用的主要色素,其含量通常与光合作用呈正相关[36],而缺乏镁则会导致植物叶绿素含量下降[37]。火龙果植株在2.0 mmol/L镁处理中,嫩茎和老茎的叶绿素b含量最高,显著高于缺镁和高镁,同时缺镁时,火龙果嫩茎失绿明显,表明适当的镁浓度可以提高火龙果的光合色素含量,从而增强光合速率,促进植株生长,但缺镁或高镁会导致光合色素含量降低。
此外,镁还是许多酶的辅助因子,几乎所有的激酶和磷酸酶都需要镁来活化[38]。火龙果通过景天酸代谢(CAM)途径来同化CO2和H2O生成碳水化合物,在这个过程中,NAD-ME、NAD-MDH发挥催化作用[39]。PEPC主要催化磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸(PEP)生成OAA和无机磷[40],而NAD-MDH则将OAA氧化成苹果酸,从而迅速降低OAA的量[41];缺镁条件下通过增加NAD-MDH合成量来参与苹果酸的合成是植物为了适应环境压力和维持代谢平衡,NAD-ME则主要催化苹果酸生成丙酮酸,促进苹果酸的降解,成熟苹果果实中NAD-ME活性的增加能够减少有机酸的量[42]。本研究发现,不同镁浓度处理对景天酸代谢相关酶活性有不同程度的影响。火龙果嫩茎和老茎在2.0 mmol/L镁浓度下NAD-ME活性相对较高,在4.0 mmol/L镁浓度下,嫩茎和老茎的NAD-MDH活性最低。火龙果嫩茎的PEPC活性在缺镁处理下始终保持最低水平,在2.0 mmol/L镁浓度下PEPC活性最高。
在水培条件下,不同镁浓度处理对火龙果植株的生长形态、生理过程存在明显的相关性,即2.0 mmol/L镁浓度条件下,火龙果植株的生长性状和光合色素含量明显提高,显著高于缺镁和高镁,长势最佳;同时不同镁浓度处理对火龙果植株景天酸代谢关键酶活性间相关性较高,嫩茎和老茎的NAD-MDH活性与镁浓度均呈显著负相关。火龙果植株在不同镁浓度下NAD-ME和PEPC活性均存在显著差异,且2.0 mmol/L镁浓度下NAD-ME活性和PEPC活性最高。综合考虑火龙果的生长特性和景天酸代谢相关酶的活性,得出火龙果在2.0 mmol/L镁浓度中生长最佳。
  • 2024年海南省育种联合攻关项目“国家火龙果育种联合攻关”
  • 海南省重大科技计划项目“热带果树种质资源精准评价与创新利用”(ZDKJ2021014)
  • 国家科技资源共享服务平台项目“国家热带植物种质资源库”
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2024年第45卷第12期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.12.013
  • 接收时间:2024-07-15
  • 首发时间:2026-06-23
  • 出版时间:2024-12-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-07-15
  • 修回日期:2024-07-26
基金
2024年海南省育种联合攻关项目“国家火龙果育种联合攻关”
海南省重大科技计划项目“热带果树种质资源精准评价与创新利用”(ZDKJ2021014)
国家科技资源共享服务平台项目“国家热带植物种质资源库”
作者信息
    1.海南大学热带农林学院,海南海口 570228
    2.中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所,海南海口 571101
    3.农业农村部华南作物基因资源与种质创制重点实验室,海南海口 571101
    4.海南省热带作物资源遗传改良与创新重点实验室,海南海口 571101

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* 杨福孙(YANG Fusun),E-mail:
李洪立(LI Hongli),E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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