Article(id=1276204310442672467, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276204178091413862, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.12.009, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1718294400000, receivedDateStr=2024-06-14, revisedDate=1723478400000, revisedDateStr=2024-08-13, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1782200418338, onlineDateStr=2026-06-23, pubDate=1735056000000, pubDateStr=2024-12-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1782200418338, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-23, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1782200418338, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1782200418338, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1276204178091413862, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, year='2024', volume='45', issue='12', pageStart='2487', pageEnd='2737', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1735056000000', pubDateStr='2024-12-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1782200386783, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782200456354, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1276204470308565242, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276204178091413862, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1276204470308565243, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276204178091413862, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=2574, endPage=2580, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1276204310883074389, articleId=1276204310442672467, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=EN, title=Exploration of the Relationship Between Longan Fruit Abscission Induced by Starvation Stress and Changes in Energy Charge of Different Fruit Tissues, columnId=1236256434120348225, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, columnName=Plant Cultivation, Physiology & Biochemistry, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Frequent pre-harvest fruit abscission occurs during the development of longan fruits due to insufficient carbohydrate supply. The metabolism of carbohydrates is closely related to energy metabolism, and changes in energy charge related respiration and carbohydrate consumption, which are important indicators for measuring fruit physiological functions. In order to reveal the relationship between abnormal abscission and energy charge of longan fruits, this study used the fruits of the late stage of development (80 days after flowering) of “Chu Liang” longan as the materials, and used ear girdling plus defoliation treatment to block carbohydrate supply and artificially create hunger stress, which can lead to complete fruit abscission within 5 days. During this process, this study analyzed the changes in ATP, ADP, and AMP contents and energy charge levels in different tissues during fruit abscission. The results showed that the energy charge values of different tissues in the fruit were as follows: seeds>fruit skin>fruit flesh, and with the intensification of starvation stress, during the fruit abscission process, ATP significantly decreased and AMP significantly increased throughout the experiment. The energy charge values of different tissues showed a downward trend, but the decrease in seed energy charge value was the smallest, and the seed was the organ with the most stable energy charge. The results indicated that starvation stress could lead to a decrease in fruit energy levels, but the magnitude of energy changes varied among different tissues, seeds could maintain relatively stable energy charge levels, suggesting that under starvation stress, fruit resources prioritized the supply of seeds, thereby maintaining the energy state.

, authors=null, authorsList=Ziqin YANG, Songgang LI, Lei ZHANG, Shuqiang HE, Jiwang HONG, Xuming HUANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Xuming HUANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1276204315555529061, articleId=1276204310442672467, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=CN, title=饥饿胁迫下龙眼果实脱落与果实不同组织能荷变化的关系, columnId=1236256434313286224, journalTitle=热带作物学报, columnName=作物栽培与生理生化, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

在龙眼果实发育过程中因碳水化合物供应不足而频繁发生采前落果。碳水化合物的代谢与能量代谢密切相关,而能荷的变化涉及到呼吸及碳水化合物消耗,是衡量果实生理机能的重要指标。为了揭示龙眼果实非正常脱落与能荷的关系,本研究以储良龙眼发育后期(花后80 d)果实为材料,采用果穗环剥处理阻断碳水化合物供应人为制造饥饿胁迫,可导致5 d内果实完全脱落。在此过程中,本研究分析了果实脱落过程中各组织ATP、ADP和AMP含量及能荷水平的变化。结果表明:果实各组织能荷值表现为种子>果皮>果肉,而伴随着饥饿胁迫加剧,果实脱落进程中,整个试验过程,ATP显著降低,AMP显著上升,各组织的能荷值呈现下降趋势,但种子能荷值降幅最小,种子是能荷最稳定的器官。这些结果表明,饥饿胁迫可导致果实能量水平降低,但是不同组织能量变化幅度不同,种子可维持相对稳定的能荷水平,暗示饥饿胁迫下,果实的资源优先供应种子,进而维持其能量状态。

, authors=

杨子琴(1981—),女,博士,副研究员,研究方向:南方果树栽培生理。

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* 黄旭明(HUANG Xuming),E-mail:
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杨子琴(1981—),女,博士,副研究员,研究方向:南方果树栽培生理。

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杨子琴(1981—),女,博士,副研究员,研究方向:南方果树栽培生理。

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Effects of starvation stress on fruit abscission and sugar metabolism in longan[J]. Journal of Fruit Science,2011, 28(3): 428-432. 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饥饿胁迫下龙眼果实脱落与果实不同组织能荷变化的关系
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杨子琴 1, 2 , 李松刚 1, 2 , 张蕾 2 , 何书强 2 , 洪继旺 2 , 黄旭明 1, *
热带作物学报 | 作物栽培与生理生化 2024,45(12): 2574-2580
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热带作物学报 |作物栽培与生理生化 2024 , 45 (12) : 2574 -2580
饥饿胁迫下龙眼果实脱落与果实不同组织能荷变化的关系
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杨子琴(1981—),女,博士,副研究员,研究方向:南方果树栽培生理。

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杨子琴1, 2, 李松刚1, 2, 张蕾2, 何书强2, 洪继旺2, 黄旭明1, *
作者信息
  • 1.华南农业大学园艺学院/亚热带农业生物资源保护与利用国家重点实验室,广东广州 510642
  • 2.中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所/国家热带果树品种改良中心,海南海口 571101
通讯作者:
* 黄旭明(HUANG Xuming),E-mail:
Exploration of the Relationship Between Longan Fruit Abscission Induced by Starvation Stress and Changes in Energy Charge of Different Fruit Tissues
Ziqin YANG1, 2, Songgang LI1, 2, Lei ZHANG2, Shuqiang HE2, Jiwang HONG2, Xuming HUANG1, *
Affiliations
  • 1.College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University / State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
  • 2.Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences / National Center for Tropical Fruit Tree Varieties Improvement, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China
出版时间: 2024-12-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.12.009
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在龙眼果实发育过程中因碳水化合物供应不足而频繁发生采前落果。碳水化合物的代谢与能量代谢密切相关,而能荷的变化涉及到呼吸及碳水化合物消耗,是衡量果实生理机能的重要指标。为了揭示龙眼果实非正常脱落与能荷的关系,本研究以储良龙眼发育后期(花后80 d)果实为材料,采用果穗环剥处理阻断碳水化合物供应人为制造饥饿胁迫,可导致5 d内果实完全脱落。在此过程中,本研究分析了果实脱落过程中各组织ATP、ADP和AMP含量及能荷水平的变化。结果表明:果实各组织能荷值表现为种子>果皮>果肉,而伴随着饥饿胁迫加剧,果实脱落进程中,整个试验过程,ATP显著降低,AMP显著上升,各组织的能荷值呈现下降趋势,但种子能荷值降幅最小,种子是能荷最稳定的器官。这些结果表明,饥饿胁迫可导致果实能量水平降低,但是不同组织能量变化幅度不同,种子可维持相对稳定的能荷水平,暗示饥饿胁迫下,果实的资源优先供应种子,进而维持其能量状态。

龙眼  /  饥饿胁迫  /  果实脱落  /  能荷

Frequent pre-harvest fruit abscission occurs during the development of longan fruits due to insufficient carbohydrate supply. The metabolism of carbohydrates is closely related to energy metabolism, and changes in energy charge related respiration and carbohydrate consumption, which are important indicators for measuring fruit physiological functions. In order to reveal the relationship between abnormal abscission and energy charge of longan fruits, this study used the fruits of the late stage of development (80 days after flowering) of “Chu Liang” longan as the materials, and used ear girdling plus defoliation treatment to block carbohydrate supply and artificially create hunger stress, which can lead to complete fruit abscission within 5 days. During this process, this study analyzed the changes in ATP, ADP, and AMP contents and energy charge levels in different tissues during fruit abscission. The results showed that the energy charge values of different tissues in the fruit were as follows: seeds>fruit skin>fruit flesh, and with the intensification of starvation stress, during the fruit abscission process, ATP significantly decreased and AMP significantly increased throughout the experiment. The energy charge values of different tissues showed a downward trend, but the decrease in seed energy charge value was the smallest, and the seed was the organ with the most stable energy charge. The results indicated that starvation stress could lead to a decrease in fruit energy levels, but the magnitude of energy changes varied among different tissues, seeds could maintain relatively stable energy charge levels, suggesting that under starvation stress, fruit resources prioritized the supply of seeds, thereby maintaining the energy state.

longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.)  /  starvation stress  /  fruit abscission  /  energy charge
杨子琴, 李松刚, 张蕾, 何书强, 洪继旺, 黄旭明. 饥饿胁迫下龙眼果实脱落与果实不同组织能荷变化的关系. 热带作物学报, 2024 , 45 (12) : 2574 -2580 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.12.009
Ziqin YANG, Songgang LI, Lei ZHANG, Shuqiang HE, Jiwang HONG, Xuming HUANG. Exploration of the Relationship Between Longan Fruit Abscission Induced by Starvation Stress and Changes in Energy Charge of Different Fruit Tissues[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2024 , 45 (12) : 2574 -2580 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.12.009
龙眼(Dimocarpus longan Lour.)是我国传统的热带亚热带经济果树,胁迫情况下,树体会舍弃一些非必要器官保证自身生存。在果实发育过程中,经常会受到竞争性生长及不良气候的影响导致果实非正常脱落。龙眼在果实发育过程中主要的落果原因为碳水化合物供应不足引起的落果,如连续阴雨天气导致落果加剧,往往也严重影响产量的形成。通过结果枝环剥去叶处理,可引发果实饥饿胁迫,进而导致果实快速脱落[1]。果实是龙眼接纳光合产物强大的库器官,因此果实也是能量的代谢中心。果实脱落与能量代谢的关系有待进一步证实。
稳定的能量供应及平衡是果实健康发育的必备条件,能量代谢是维持植物细胞生命活动的基础。细胞的膜脂质的合成、降解及恢复都依赖于能量的供应[2]。细胞的能量状态以能荷反映,取决于ATP、ADP和AMP的含量和比例,其水平可以反馈调节细胞的能量代谢过程,包括糖酵解、三羧酸循环、电子传递系统和氧化磷酸化等[3-4]。青花菜中较高的ATP含量可延迟衰老[5];H2O2通过破坏离子稳态和线粒体的完整性,从而降低能量电荷,破坏细胞膜的功能和区室化加速采后龙眼果皮褐变[6]
有研究表明,龙眼中较高的ATP酶活性与果肉分解指数低有关,果肉能量水平及脂肪酸不饱和度高,磷脂降解慢,细胞的膜结构保持完整性,使果肉分解指数低,果肉外观好[7]。之前的研究表明,龙眼果实脱落会启动果柄离层附近聚集大量的H2O2,LIN等[8]的研究表明H2O2可通过消耗能量和降低ATP酶活性来引起龙眼细胞壁破裂,这意味着H2O2的积累可导致能量不足,进而引起细胞壁分解。而脱落也涉及离层细胞壁分解,果实的脱落是否也与果实能量不足有关?目前尚未见报道。果实的能量状态可能在维持细胞膜过程中起重要作用,这可能关系到果实留树的寿命长短。因此,探索饥饿胁迫下果实能荷变化将成为揭示饥饿胁迫引发落果原因的新视角。
试验于2022—2023年在中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所国家热带果树品种改良中心龙眼种质圃内进行。供试材料为种质圃内果期一致的八年生储良龙眼。
分别选取4株生长势相当的龙眼树。盛花后80 d开展试验,每株选取5~8 mm直径的10个果穗,每穗果实负载量在30~50粒果。在距果穗基部约10 cm处环剥韧皮部,宽度2 mm,深达木质部,同时摘除环剥口以上的叶片,中断果实碳水化合物供应,人为制造果实营养缺乏的饥饿胁迫。对照为未处理的留树果穗。处理后跟踪观察果实脱落情况,同时每天采集处理和对照果实的各组织,液氮速冻,果实剥离果皮、假种皮及种子分组织采样,-80 ℃保存备用,以对照果穗作CK,进行各组织能荷变化分析。
以环剥去叶处理当天的落果率为0,每日记录各穗落果量,计算落果率。
参考LIU等[2]的提取方法,称取龙眼样品2 g液氮中迅速研磨。加入10 mL预冷的0.6 mol/L高氯酸冰浴提取1 min。匀浆液于4 ℃ 6000×g离心10 min,吸取6 mL的上清液,并迅速用1 mol/L KOH溶液中和至pH 6.5~6.8。冰浴30 min沉淀高氯酸钾,4 ℃6000×g离心10 min,吸取上清液,定容至8 mL,-30 ℃保存备用,设3次重复。上机分析前再经过0.45 μm滤膜过滤。
ATP、ADP和AMP的标样购自Sigma公司。参考LIU等[2]的测定方法。提取液经0.45 μm滤膜过滤。流动相为100 mmol/L的磷酸缓冲液(pH 7.0),使用前5 mL/min流速脱气10 min。柱温25 ℃,流速1 mL/min,停止时间13 min。每个样本20 μL进样量被送往高效液相254 nm波长色谱分析,无参比波长。ATP、ADP和AMP的浓度测定采用外标法。购买的所有试剂用去离子水溶解,然后用为Sybron/Barnstead Millipore系统和0.45 mm的滤纸过滤。数据为3次重复测定的平均值。能荷=(ATP+0.5×ADP)/(ATP+ADP+AMP)。
图1可知,留树果穗饥饿胁迫处理导致果实快速脱落,在处理第2天快速启动脱落进程,并保持持续增长趋势,在第5天落果率达到100%。
图2A可见,与CK果实相比,饥饿胁迫明显造成了处理果皮ATP含量降低,处理4 d后,处理组果皮ATP含量有所恢复,始终明显低于CK果皮的含量水平,处理5 d,处理组与CK果皮ATP含量分别达到39.73、51.52 μg/g。果皮ADP含量在处理2 d内略低于CK,后期趋于相同,差异也不明显(图2B)。CK果皮AMP含量变化趋于稳定,饥饿胁迫处理果皮AMP含量在1~3 d变化不大,随后AMP含量迅速升高,处理5 d时AMP含量达到5.78 μg/g,是处理0 d的2.89倍,是同期CK的3.45倍(图2C)。饥饿胁迫下发育后期果皮磷酸腺苷含量减少,但处理4 d后,磷酸腺苷总含量趋于回复到CK水平,ATP是最主要的磷酸腺苷形式,其变化与ATP含量的变化趋势相似(图2D)。
图3可知,果实发育后期,饥饿胁迫处理1 d内对果皮能荷无影响,之后明显降低,并与CK差异拉大。饥饿胁迫2 d后,处理组果皮能荷下降尤其显著,由2 d的0.90下降到0.84,随后维持在此低水平。由此可见,饥饿胁迫反应在果皮能量代谢上的变化就是能荷、ATP含量的下降及AMP含量的上升。
果肉中ATP含量持续增加,在5 d内由24.98 μg/g上升到41.17 μg/g,可能与果肉发育需要能量物质的累积有关(图4A)。饥饿胁迫处理的果肉ATP的含量也呈现上升趋势,但与CK相比显著降低,且虽时间推移而差距加大。饥饿胁迫处理对ADP含量变化影响不大(图4B)。饥饿胁迫同时造成了果肉中AMP含量的上升(图4C)。处理与CK的果肉磷酸腺苷总均呈上升趋势,但与CK相比,处理组果肉磷酸腺苷总含量显著下降,其变化趋势与ATP变化相同(图4A、图4D)。
CK果肉的能荷也呈现缓慢上升态势(图5)。饥饿胁迫1 d内,果肉能荷竟出现了小幅上升,且高于CK水平,这可能与胁迫应急有关。随后在处理的2~3 d迅速下降,由胁迫1 d的0.85下降到0.78。4~5 d上升到0.82左右并维持该状态不变,但始终明显低于CK能荷水平。
处理和CK种子中ATP含量均在稳波动中增加,虽然处理和CK的ATP含量互有高下,但5日内都由43.97 μg/g上升到64 μg/g左右,总体而言,种子ATP含量受饥饿胁迫影响不大(图6A)。发育中期CK的种子ADP含量与ATP含量变化有相似趋势,也出现上升趋势。胁迫下的种子ADP含量的变化较复杂,在处理后的第1天造成了ADP含量的小幅下降,处理后的2~3 d处理与CK趋于相同,4~5 d再次出现下降,并明显低于CK(图6B)。饥饿胁迫处理种子AMP含量在处理后迅速由1.32 μg/g上升到3.05 μg/g,是同天CK的3.66倍。随后有所回落,但始终高于CK的AMP含量水平。磷酸腺苷总含量的变化趋势与ATP含量变化趋势相同(图6D)。
果实发育后期种子能荷值很高,介于0.90~0.92之间。饥饿胁迫处理使种子在处理的第2天明显下降,由0.90降到0.89,随后种子能荷又很快恢复到0.90,但始终略低于CK(图7)。总体上,饥饿胁迫对果实发育后期种子的能荷值的影响较果肉和果皮小。
植物呼吸作用为生物合成提供能量,其与光合作用的平衡决定了植物生物量的积累率,同时ATP合成效率的改变也与植物响应胁迫有关[9]。许多外界胁迫均可造成植物呼吸速率的改变[10],同时也影响植物器官的能荷改变,如盐胁迫下长春花愈伤组织呼吸速率上升[11];电场、光、气体、温度及植物体自身的碳水化合物储备等均对能荷有影响[12-14]
在切花衰老的研究中发现切花的呼吸高峰,特别是第2个高峰的出现是切花衰老的最终信号[15]。GA诱导大叶黄杨离体茎段的叶柄脱落,同时可诱导呼吸显著提高,其中主要是提高了抗氰呼吸途径,交替途径呼吸作用活跃时加速茎段外植体脱落[16]。张承烈等[17]的试验结果表明,棉铃在内源生长抑制物质的作用下,发生了呼吸作用和磷酸化作用的解偶联现象,从而扰乱了正常的能量代谢过程,导致脱落。可见器官的能量状况也是决定器官是否脱落的重要因素之一。
龙眼果穗饥饿胁迫处理后,虽然切断了外援碳水化合物的供应,但仍是个有机活体,也会进行一系列生理生化代谢活动。因此本研究测定了饥饿胁迫诱导的果实脱落过程中能荷的变化。本研究发现,果实各组织中,ATP均是磷酸腺苷的主要形式。饥饿胁迫下,果实各组织的能荷迅速降低,ATP含量与能荷有相同变化趋势,这与胡文玉等[18]在小麦叶片的研究中ATP含量变化一致。同时也与果实中糖的迅速降低互相印证[19]。由于外源光合产物供应的切断,伴随呼吸的提高,果实的碳水化合物不可逆地消耗,因此果实能荷降低为必然现象。龙眼果实发育后期以果肉生长和种子发育为主。果实各部分能荷均处于稳步上升状态,种子和果皮的能荷高于果肉;饥饿胁迫处理后,能荷下降最显著的是果皮,其次是果肉,而种子能荷仅出现短暂时间的降低,随后即恢复到接近对照水平。目前尚无从知晓后期饥饿胁迫下果实不同部位能荷的变化表现出不同模式的原因,但可以推测在碳水化合物供应不足的情况下,碳水化合物优先供给种子,作为贮备或呼吸消耗以维持其能荷的相对稳定,保证子代的延续。外源分配给果皮和果肉的碳水化合物减少,合成ATP的呼吸底物降低,能荷显著下降。上述推测尚待进一步验证。
本研究结果表明,果实各组织能荷值大小为:种子>果皮>果肉。果穗饥饿胁迫处理下,伴随着果实脱落进程,果实各组织的能荷值明显下降,但种子能荷降幅最小,因此种子是能荷最稳定的器官。
  • 海南省自然科学基金项目(323RC535)
  • 国家荔枝龙眼产业技术体系项目(CARS-32-21)
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2024年第45卷第12期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.12.009
  • 接收时间:2024-06-14
  • 首发时间:2026-06-23
  • 出版时间:2024-12-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-06-14
  • 修回日期:2024-08-13
基金
海南省自然科学基金项目(323RC535)
国家荔枝龙眼产业技术体系项目(CARS-32-21)
作者信息
    1.华南农业大学园艺学院/亚热带农业生物资源保护与利用国家重点实验室,广东广州 510642
    2.中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所/国家热带果树品种改良中心,海南海口 571101

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* 黄旭明(HUANG Xuming),E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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