Article(id=1277293370229785152, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1277293236137890180, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.11.020, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1723132800000, receivedDateStr=2024-08-09, revisedDate=1723824000000, revisedDateStr=2024-08-17, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1782460070426, onlineDateStr=2026-06-26, pubDate=1732464000000, pubDateStr=2024-11-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1782460070426, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-26, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1782460070426, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1782460070426, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1277293236137890180, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, year='2024', volume='45', issue='11', pageStart='2243', pageEnd='2486', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1732464000000', pubDateStr='2024-11-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1782460038455, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782815269280, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1278783182988358204, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1277293236137890180, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1278783182988358205, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1277293236137890180, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=2416, endPage=2426, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1277293371878146626, articleId=1277293370229785152, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=EN, title=Effects of Lvnonglin® 41 Compound Microbial Fertilizer on the Occurrence of Tomato Fusarium Wilt and Soil Fungal Community of Tomato Rhizosphere, columnId=1236292524264968282, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, columnName=Plant Protection & Bio-safety, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The purpose of the study was to explore the relationship between Lvnonglin® 41 compound microbial fertilizer (LNL41) and the occurrence of tomato Fusarium wilt and soil fungal communities and to provide theoretical basis for the prevention and control of tomato Fusarium wilt and the rational application of nitrogen fertilizers. Using plots with severe occurrence of tomato Fusarium wilt in previous years as experimental plots, four treatments were designed in field: water control (CK), LNL41, bacterial fertilizer nutrient substrate (NS), compound microbial (CM). The effects of different treatments on the concentrations of main soil nutrients of rhizosphere soil, plant growth, soil respiration rate, incidence of Fusarium wit disease were analyzed. Using 18S rDNA sequencing technology, the differences in the occurrence of tomato Fusarium wilt and the fungal community structure in rhizosphere soil under LNL41 were investigated. Compared with other treatments, the LNL41 treatment is the best. The treatments with LNL41 and CM had higher contents of organic matter and available phosphorus in tomato rhizosphere soil than other two treatments. Compared with the control, the plant height, stem circumference, leaf area, photosynthesis, chlorophyll, yield and water-soluble sugar treated by LNL41, CM and NS all increased by 8.87%-34.71%, 15.93%-67.62%, 13.37%-52.88%,3.17%-12.55%, 3.20%-20.49%, 4.38%-19.53%, 0.46%-8.79% respectively. The soil respiration rate increased by 59.52% in LNL41. The incidence and control effect of tomato Fusarium wilt disease in different growth stages reached 2.33%-16.33% and 80.50%-90.83% in LNL41, respectively. The Ace index and Chao1 index at the fungal genus level in the rhizosphere soil increased by 26.97%-57.71% and 24.89%-56.00%, respectively. The diversity indicators of the Simpson index and Shannon index of the CM treatment increased by 25.75%-29.45% and 39.04%-49.13%, while the diversity indicators of the NS treatment decreased. Hypocreaceae and Trichoderma treated with LNL41 were among the top five dominant families and genera (both abundances were 8.56%); Trichoderma was similar to Cladosporium, Uwebraunia, Aureobasidium and Fusarium in the four treatments, and was positively correlated with Aspergillus, Uwebraunia and Alternaria respectively. Chao1 index treated with LNL41 was significantly positively correlated with organic matter, available phosphorus, available potassium and soil respiration rate, and was significantly negatively correlated with salinity and disease incidence. The abundance of saprophytic functional groups treated with microbial fertilizer increased by 0.92-11.15 percentage, plant pathogen decreased by 2.55 percentage, and endophyte decreased by 7.95 percentage, while only two functional groups treated with NS and CM increased in abundance. LNL41 can significantly improve the ratio of soil nutrients, thereby improving the structure and functional characteristics of soil fungal communities, stimulating saprophytic functions of the fungal communities, promoting tomato growth, and reducing the rate of blight.

, authors=null, authorsList=Jun WANG, Xiaoxia LI, Jian LIU, Deming LI, Tao DENG, Lijia GUO, Junsheng HUANG, Yang YANG, Laying YANG, You ZHOU, Hongwen FU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Laying YANG, You ZHOU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1277293373224518222, articleId=1277293370229785152, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=CN, title=绿农林®41复合微生物菌肥对番茄枯萎病发生和根际土壤真菌群落的影响, columnId=1236292524520820846, journalTitle=热带作物学报, columnName=植物保护与生物安全, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

探究绿农林®复合微生物菌肥、番茄枯萎病发生和土壤真菌群落结构的关系,为合理应用微生物制剂绿色防控番茄枯萎病提供理论依据。以往年番茄枯萎病严重发生地块为试验地,分别设置4个处理,清水对照(CK)、绿农林®41复合微生物菌肥(LNL41)、菌肥营养基质(NS)和复合微生物(CM),测定根际土壤养分含量、植株生长、土壤呼吸速率、枯萎病发病率;采用18S rDNA测序技术,探究施用LNL41条件下番茄枯萎病发生及根际土壤真菌群落结构的差异。结果表明:各处理中以LNL41处理效果最显著。LNL41和CM处理的番茄根际土壤中有机质和速效磷含量显著高于其他处理;与对照比较,LNL41、CM和NS处理的株高、茎围、叶面积、光合作用、叶绿素、产量和水溶性糖增幅分别达8.87%~34.71%、15.93%~67.62%、13.37%~52.88%、3.17%~12.55%、3.20%~20.49%、4.38%~19.53%、0.46%~8.79%;LNL41处理的采收期番茄根系土壤呼吸速率提高59.52%,不同生长期的发病率达2.33%~16.33%,防效达80.50%~90.83%;根际土壤真菌属水平Ace指数和Chao1指数分别提高了26.97%~57.71%、24.89%~56.00%,CM处理的多样性指标Simpson指数和Shannon指数明显提高了25.75%~29.45%、39.04%~49.13%,而NS处理的多样性指标有所下降;LNL41处理的肉座菌科和木霉属分别为排名前5的优势科和属(丰度均为8.56%);4个处理中Trichoderma分别与CladosporiumUwebrauniaAureobasidiumFusarium丰度相似,与AspergillusAlternaria呈正相关。LNL41处理的Chao1指数与有机质、速效磷、速效钾和土壤呼吸速率呈显著正相关关系,与盐度和发病率呈显著负相关关系。LNL41处理的腐生营养型功能类群丰度增加了0.92~11.15个百分点,plant pathogen下降了2.55个百分点,endophyte下降了7.95个百分点,而施用NS和CM的处理只有2个功能类群丰度上升。LNL41能显著改善土壤养分比例,进而改善土壤真菌群落结构和功能特性,激发真菌群落腐生营养型功能,促进番茄生长,减少枯萎病的发病率。

, authors=

汪军(1981—),男,博士,助理研究员,研究方向:植物病害生物防治。

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* 杨腊英(YANG Laying),E-mail:
周游(ZHOU You),E-mail:
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汪军(1981—),男,博士,助理研究员,研究方向:植物病害生物防治。

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汪军(1981—),男,博士,助理研究员,研究方向:植物病害生物防治。

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Structure and predicted functional analysis of microbial community of millet soil[J]. Crops, 2023(5): 170-178. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Structure and predicted functional analysis of microbial community of millet soil, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1277293392316990137, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277293370229785152, awardId=321RC618; 721RC631, language=CN, fundingSource=海南省自然科学基金项目(321RC618; 721RC631), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1277293392379904698, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277293370229785152, awardId=20223BBF61015, language=CN, fundingSource=江西重点研发计划项目(20223BBF61015), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1277293373463593552, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277293370229785152, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1277293373471982161, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277293370229785152, companyId=1277293373463593552, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.Institute of Environment and Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences / National Fertilizer Microbial Germplasm Resource Bank (Hainan), Haikou, Hainan 571101, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1277293373480370770, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277293370229785152, companyId=1277293373463593552, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所/国家肥料微生物种质资源库(海南),海南海口 571101)]), AuthorCompany(id=1277293373526508115, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277293370229785152, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1277293373534896724, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277293370229785152, companyId=1277293373526508115, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.Institute of Scientific and Technical Information, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1277293373543285333, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277293370229785152, companyId=1277293373526508115, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.中国热带农业科学院科技信息研究所,海南海口 571101)]), AuthorCompany(id=1277293373606199895, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277293370229785152, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1277293373614588504, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277293370229785152, companyId=1277293373606199895, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.Heze Customs, People’s Republic of China, Heze, Shandong 274000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1277293373622977113, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277293370229785152, companyId=1277293373606199895, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.中华人民共和国菏泽海关,山东菏泽 274000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1277293373681697371, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277293370229785152, xref=4., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1277293373690085980, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277293370229785152, companyId=1277293373681697371, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4.Hainan Baolvchun Agricultural Development Co., Ltd., Haikou, Hainan 571100, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1277293373698474589, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277293370229785152, companyId=1277293373681697371, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4.海南宝绿春农业开发有限公司,海南海口 571100)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1277293390324695715, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277293370229785152, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Effects of different treatments on soil respiration rate in tomato rhizosphere

Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference (P<0.05).

, figureFileSmall=OLNXfWvUEl4fxeoO2Tk8cA==, figureFileBig=qWSkStQuv7/kJ4g3BwE3Dg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277293390400193188, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277293370229785152, language=CN, label=图1, caption=不同处理对番茄根际土壤呼吸速率的影响

不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。

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The circle represents the species, and the size of the circle represents the average abundance of the species; The line represents the correlation between the two species, the thickness of the line represents the strength of the correlation, red represents positive correlation, and green represents negative correlation.

, figureFileSmall=J/x7PhYPMl9L6WTek1B0lA==, figureFileBig=Z7KPXDirfASMoLVIRyBdkw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277293391058698922, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277293370229785152, language=CN, label=图4, caption=属水平各物种网络图

圆圈代表物种,圆圈大小代表物种平均丰度大小;线条代表两物种间相关,线的粗细代表相关性的强弱,红色代表正相关,绿色代表负相关。

, figureFileSmall=J/x7PhYPMl9L6WTek1B0lA==, figureFileBig=Z7KPXDirfASMoLVIRyBdkw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277293391134196395, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277293370229785152, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Fungal FUNGuild function prediction.

A, B and C showed the significant difference between LNL41, NS, CM and CK, respectively.

, figureFileSmall=944YO+pdv7z7DDKSoUi4eQ==, figureFileBig=1bK37pTLD409wyFc94dJow==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277293391192916652, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277293370229785152, language=CN, label=图5, caption=真菌FUNGuild功能类群预测

A、B和C分别为LNL41、NS和CM处理与CK的显著差异功能。

, figureFileSmall=944YO+pdv7z7DDKSoUi4eQ==, figureFileBig=1bK37pTLD409wyFc94dJow==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277293391297774253, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277293370229785152, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Soil nutrient content in tomato roots under different treatments

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别Group有机质Organic matter/(g·kg-1)铵态氮Ammonium nitrogen/(mg·kg-1)速效磷Available phosphorus/(mg·kg-1)速效钾Available potassium/(mg·kg-1)pH盐度Salinity/%
CK10.69±0.75c36.83±1.35c113.09±4.12d237.20±6.14c5.53±0.15b0.17±0.02a
LNL4115.53±0.85a50.72±2.17a176.67±5.13a316.11±12.94a6.27±0.12a0.12±0.02c
NS12.93±0.67b42.91±3.23b137.99±6.87c276.54±11.77b5.70±0.26b0.16±0.01ab
CM13.57±1.56b43.17±1.04b151.34±5.77b315.68±14.25a5.93±0.25ab0.14±0.01bc
), ArticleFig(id=1277293391385854638, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277293370229785152, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同处理番茄根部的土壤养分含量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别Group有机质Organic matter/(g·kg-1)铵态氮Ammonium nitrogen/(mg·kg-1)速效磷Available phosphorus/(mg·kg-1)速效钾Available potassium/(mg·kg-1)pH盐度Salinity/%
CK10.69±0.75c36.83±1.35c113.09±4.12d237.20±6.14c5.53±0.15b0.17±0.02a
LNL4115.53±0.85a50.72±2.17a176.67±5.13a316.11±12.94a6.27±0.12a0.12±0.02c
NS12.93±0.67b42.91±3.23b137.99±6.87c276.54±11.77b5.70±0.26b0.16±0.01ab
CM13.57±1.56b43.17±1.04b151.34±5.77b315.68±14.25a5.93±0.25ab0.14±0.01bc
), ArticleFig(id=1277293391457157807, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277293370229785152, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Effect of different treatments on the growth of tomato plant in the field

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别Group株高Plant height/cm茎围Stem circumference/cm叶面积Leaf area/mm2光合作用Photosynthesis/(μmol·m-2·s-1)叶绿素(SPAD)Chlorophyll产量Yield/(kg·plant-1)水溶性糖Water-soluble sugar/%
CK129.53±3.72c12.77±0.67d23.47±1.75c11.69±0.29b46.13±1.06b2.13±0.15b4.32±0.18b
LNL41174.50±6.50a21.40±0.53a35.88±0.82a13.16±0.14a55.59±3.35a2.55±0.05a4.70±0.02a
NS140.80±3.02c14.80±0.72c26.60±2.69bc12.06±0.14b47.61±0.87b2.22±0.09b4.34±0.24b
CM159.73±9.60b18.10±1.10b29.50±2.29b12.86±0.39a52.91±1.16a2.26±0.13b4.47±0.15ab
), ArticleFig(id=1277293391528460976, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277293370229785152, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同处理对番茄生长特性的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别Group株高Plant height/cm茎围Stem circumference/cm叶面积Leaf area/mm2光合作用Photosynthesis/(μmol·m-2·s-1)叶绿素(SPAD)Chlorophyll产量Yield/(kg·plant-1)水溶性糖Water-soluble sugar/%
CK129.53±3.72c12.77±0.67d23.47±1.75c11.69±0.29b46.13±1.06b2.13±0.15b4.32±0.18b
LNL41174.50±6.50a21.40±0.53a35.88±0.82a13.16±0.14a55.59±3.35a2.55±0.05a4.70±0.02a
NS140.80±3.02c14.80±0.72c26.60±2.69bc12.06±0.14b47.61±0.87b2.22±0.09b4.34±0.24b
CM159.73±9.60b18.10±1.10b29.50±2.29b12.86±0.39a52.91±1.16a2.26±0.13b4.47±0.15ab
), ArticleFig(id=1277293391599764145, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277293370229785152, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

Effects of different treatments on the incidence and control effect of tomato Fusarium wit at different growth stages

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别Group苗期Seedling stage花期Flower stage结果期Fruit stage采收期Harvest stage
发病率Disease incidence/%防效Control efficiency/%发病率Disease incidence/%防效Control efficiency/%发病率Disease incidence/%防效Control efficiency/%发病率Disease incidence/%防效Control efficiency/%
CK25.33±3.06a50.33±2.08a74.33±3.21a84.00±4.36a
LNL412.33±0.58c90.83±1.51a7.00±1.00d86.04±2.49a12.67±1.15d82.98±0.81a16.33±2.52d80.50±3.45a
NS11.67±1.53b53.25±9.83b26.33±0.58b47.25±2.66c40.33±2.08b45.72±2.47c52.00±4.00b37.97±6.15c
CM4.67±0.58c81.34±3.74a12.33±1.53c75.36±2.44b26.67±2.52c64.17±2.17b38.33±2.08c54.21±4.64b
), ArticleFig(id=1277293391671067314, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277293370229785152, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同处理对不同生育期番茄枯萎病发病率及防治效果的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别Group苗期Seedling stage花期Flower stage结果期Fruit stage采收期Harvest stage
发病率Disease incidence/%防效Control efficiency/%发病率Disease incidence/%防效Control efficiency/%发病率Disease incidence/%防效Control efficiency/%发病率Disease incidence/%防效Control efficiency/%
CK25.33±3.06a50.33±2.08a74.33±3.21a84.00±4.36a
LNL412.33±0.58c90.83±1.51a7.00±1.00d86.04±2.49a12.67±1.15d82.98±0.81a16.33±2.52d80.50±3.45a
NS11.67±1.53b53.25±9.83b26.33±0.58b47.25±2.66c40.33±2.08b45.72±2.47c52.00±4.00b37.97±6.15c
CM4.67±0.58c81.34±3.74a12.33±1.53c75.36±2.44b26.67±2.52c64.17±2.17b38.33±2.08c54.21±4.64b
), ArticleFig(id=1277293391771730611, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277293370229785152, language=EN, label=Tab. 4, caption=

Alpha diversity index statistics

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别Group特征数FeatureACEChao1SimpsonShannon
CK91118.1638118.50000.71373.3044
LNL41177186.3607184.85710.92394.9278
NS141150.0294148.00000.53722.2244
CM164182.8191171.20000.89754.5946
), ArticleFig(id=1277293391847228084, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277293370229785152, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

Alpha多样性指数统计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别Group特征数FeatureACEChao1SimpsonShannon
CK91118.1638118.50000.71373.3044
LNL41177186.3607184.85710.92394.9278
NS141150.0294148.00000.53722.2244
CM164182.8191171.20000.89754.5946
), ArticleFig(id=1277293391968862901, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277293370229785152, language=EN, label=Tab. 5, caption=

Pearson correlation coefficient between the α diversity index of fungus communities and soil physicochemical properties

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
α多样性指数α diversity index有机质Organic matter铵态氮Ammonium nitrogen速效磷Available phosphorus速效钾Available potassiumpH盐度Salinity
Chao10.9725*0.91160.9785*0.9823*0.9512-0.9577*
Simpson0.56580.48410.63570.65690.7391-0.7818
), ArticleFig(id=1277293392048554678, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277293370229785152, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

根际土壤真菌群落α多样性指数与土壤理化性质间的Pearson相关系数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
α多样性指数α diversity index有机质Organic matter铵态氮Ammonium nitrogen速效磷Available phosphorus速效钾Available potassiumpH盐度Salinity
Chao10.9725*0.91160.9785*0.9823*0.9512-0.9577*
Simpson0.56580.48410.63570.65690.7391-0.7818
), ArticleFig(id=1277293392124052151, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277293370229785152, language=EN, label=Tab. 6, caption=

Pearson correlation coefficient between the α diversity index of fungus communities in rhizosphere soil, disease incidence and relative abundance of major bacterial genera

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
α多样性指数α diversity index木霉属Trichoderma镰刀菌属Fusarium土壤呼吸速率Oil respiration rate发病率Incidence rate
Chao10.8613-0.00150.9574*-0.9897*
Simpson0.82680.29680.7399-0.5952
), ArticleFig(id=1277293392199549624, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277293370229785152, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

根际土壤真菌群落α多样性指数与发病情况及主要菌属相对丰度间的Pearson相关系数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
α多样性指数α diversity index木霉属Trichoderma镰刀菌属Fusarium土壤呼吸速率Oil respiration rate发病率Incidence rate
Chao10.8613-0.00150.9574*-0.9897*
Simpson0.82680.29680.7399-0.5952
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绿农林®41复合微生物菌肥对番茄枯萎病发生和根际土壤真菌群落的影响
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汪军 1 , 李晓霞 2 , 刘建 3 , 李得铭 1 , 邓涛 1 , 郭立佳 1 , 黄俊生 1 , 杨扬 1 , 杨腊英 1, * , 周游 1, * , 符红文 4
热带作物学报 | 植物保护与生物安全 2024,45(11): 2416-2426
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热带作物学报 |植物保护与生物安全 2024 , 45 (11) : 2416 -2426
绿农林®41复合微生物菌肥对番茄枯萎病发生和根际土壤真菌群落的影响
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汪军1, 李晓霞2, 刘建3, 李得铭1, 邓涛1, 郭立佳1, 黄俊生1, 杨扬1, 杨腊英1, * , 周游1, * , 符红文4
作者信息
  • 1.中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所/国家肥料微生物种质资源库(海南),海南海口 571101
  • 2.中国热带农业科学院科技信息研究所,海南海口 571101
  • 3.中华人民共和国菏泽海关,山东菏泽 274000
  • 4.海南宝绿春农业开发有限公司,海南海口 571100
通讯作者:
* 杨腊英(YANG Laying),E-mail:
周游(ZHOU You),E-mail:
Effects of Lvnonglin® 41 Compound Microbial Fertilizer on the Occurrence of Tomato Fusarium Wilt and Soil Fungal Community of Tomato Rhizosphere
Jun WANG1, Xiaoxia LI2, Jian LIU3, Deming LI1, Tao DENG1, Lijia GUO1, Junsheng HUANG1, Yang YANG1, Laying YANG1, * , You ZHOU1, * , Hongwen FU4
Affiliations
  • 1.Institute of Environment and Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences / National Fertilizer Microbial Germplasm Resource Bank (Hainan), Haikou, Hainan 571101, China
  • 2.Institute of Scientific and Technical Information, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China
  • 3.Heze Customs, People’s Republic of China, Heze, Shandong 274000, China
  • 4.Hainan Baolvchun Agricultural Development Co., Ltd., Haikou, Hainan 571100, China
出版时间: 2024-11-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.11.020
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探究绿农林®复合微生物菌肥、番茄枯萎病发生和土壤真菌群落结构的关系,为合理应用微生物制剂绿色防控番茄枯萎病提供理论依据。以往年番茄枯萎病严重发生地块为试验地,分别设置4个处理,清水对照(CK)、绿农林®41复合微生物菌肥(LNL41)、菌肥营养基质(NS)和复合微生物(CM),测定根际土壤养分含量、植株生长、土壤呼吸速率、枯萎病发病率;采用18S rDNA测序技术,探究施用LNL41条件下番茄枯萎病发生及根际土壤真菌群落结构的差异。结果表明:各处理中以LNL41处理效果最显著。LNL41和CM处理的番茄根际土壤中有机质和速效磷含量显著高于其他处理;与对照比较,LNL41、CM和NS处理的株高、茎围、叶面积、光合作用、叶绿素、产量和水溶性糖增幅分别达8.87%~34.71%、15.93%~67.62%、13.37%~52.88%、3.17%~12.55%、3.20%~20.49%、4.38%~19.53%、0.46%~8.79%;LNL41处理的采收期番茄根系土壤呼吸速率提高59.52%,不同生长期的发病率达2.33%~16.33%,防效达80.50%~90.83%;根际土壤真菌属水平Ace指数和Chao1指数分别提高了26.97%~57.71%、24.89%~56.00%,CM处理的多样性指标Simpson指数和Shannon指数明显提高了25.75%~29.45%、39.04%~49.13%,而NS处理的多样性指标有所下降;LNL41处理的肉座菌科和木霉属分别为排名前5的优势科和属(丰度均为8.56%);4个处理中Trichoderma分别与CladosporiumUwebrauniaAureobasidiumFusarium丰度相似,与AspergillusAlternaria呈正相关。LNL41处理的Chao1指数与有机质、速效磷、速效钾和土壤呼吸速率呈显著正相关关系,与盐度和发病率呈显著负相关关系。LNL41处理的腐生营养型功能类群丰度增加了0.92~11.15个百分点,plant pathogen下降了2.55个百分点,endophyte下降了7.95个百分点,而施用NS和CM的处理只有2个功能类群丰度上升。LNL41能显著改善土壤养分比例,进而改善土壤真菌群落结构和功能特性,激发真菌群落腐生营养型功能,促进番茄生长,减少枯萎病的发病率。

绿农林®复合微生物菌肥  /  番茄枯萎病  /  土壤真菌群落结构  /  功能

The purpose of the study was to explore the relationship between Lvnonglin® 41 compound microbial fertilizer (LNL41) and the occurrence of tomato Fusarium wilt and soil fungal communities and to provide theoretical basis for the prevention and control of tomato Fusarium wilt and the rational application of nitrogen fertilizers. Using plots with severe occurrence of tomato Fusarium wilt in previous years as experimental plots, four treatments were designed in field: water control (CK), LNL41, bacterial fertilizer nutrient substrate (NS), compound microbial (CM). The effects of different treatments on the concentrations of main soil nutrients of rhizosphere soil, plant growth, soil respiration rate, incidence of Fusarium wit disease were analyzed. Using 18S rDNA sequencing technology, the differences in the occurrence of tomato Fusarium wilt and the fungal community structure in rhizosphere soil under LNL41 were investigated. Compared with other treatments, the LNL41 treatment is the best. The treatments with LNL41 and CM had higher contents of organic matter and available phosphorus in tomato rhizosphere soil than other two treatments. Compared with the control, the plant height, stem circumference, leaf area, photosynthesis, chlorophyll, yield and water-soluble sugar treated by LNL41, CM and NS all increased by 8.87%-34.71%, 15.93%-67.62%, 13.37%-52.88%,3.17%-12.55%, 3.20%-20.49%, 4.38%-19.53%, 0.46%-8.79% respectively. The soil respiration rate increased by 59.52% in LNL41. The incidence and control effect of tomato Fusarium wilt disease in different growth stages reached 2.33%-16.33% and 80.50%-90.83% in LNL41, respectively. The Ace index and Chao1 index at the fungal genus level in the rhizosphere soil increased by 26.97%-57.71% and 24.89%-56.00%, respectively. The diversity indicators of the Simpson index and Shannon index of the CM treatment increased by 25.75%-29.45% and 39.04%-49.13%, while the diversity indicators of the NS treatment decreased. Hypocreaceae and Trichoderma treated with LNL41 were among the top five dominant families and genera (both abundances were 8.56%); Trichoderma was similar to Cladosporium, Uwebraunia, Aureobasidium and Fusarium in the four treatments, and was positively correlated with Aspergillus, Uwebraunia and Alternaria respectively. Chao1 index treated with LNL41 was significantly positively correlated with organic matter, available phosphorus, available potassium and soil respiration rate, and was significantly negatively correlated with salinity and disease incidence. The abundance of saprophytic functional groups treated with microbial fertilizer increased by 0.92-11.15 percentage, plant pathogen decreased by 2.55 percentage, and endophyte decreased by 7.95 percentage, while only two functional groups treated with NS and CM increased in abundance. LNL41 can significantly improve the ratio of soil nutrients, thereby improving the structure and functional characteristics of soil fungal communities, stimulating saprophytic functions of the fungal communities, promoting tomato growth, and reducing the rate of blight.

Lvnonglin® 41 compound microbial fertilizer  /  tomato Fusarium wilt  /  soil fungal community structure  /  function
汪军, 李晓霞, 刘建, 李得铭, 邓涛, 郭立佳, 黄俊生, 杨扬, 杨腊英, 周游, 符红文. 绿农林®41复合微生物菌肥对番茄枯萎病发生和根际土壤真菌群落的影响. 热带作物学报, 2024 , 45 (11) : 2416 -2426 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.11.020
Jun WANG, Xiaoxia LI, Jian LIU, Deming LI, Tao DENG, Lijia GUO, Junsheng HUANG, Yang YANG, Laying YANG, You ZHOU, Hongwen FU. Effects of Lvnonglin® 41 Compound Microbial Fertilizer on the Occurrence of Tomato Fusarium Wilt and Soil Fungal Community of Tomato Rhizosphere[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2024 , 45 (11) : 2416 -2426 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.11.020
由尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum)番茄枯萎病(tomato Fusarium wilt)是一种最具破坏性的土传病害之一[1],具有危害损失大、防治困难等特点,还可危害瓜类、茄类、豆类等多种作物[2]。我国南方热区高温多雨,化学肥料和化学药剂过度使用,极易导致土壤酸化、养分和有益微生物失衡,导致枯萎病等土传病害频发。木霉(Trichoderma spp.)和芽孢杆菌(Bacillus spp.)等是防控土传病害和改良土壤的优良生防菌,防病机制主要为营养和空间位点竞争、分泌抗菌物质、溶菌作用、诱导植物抗病性等几种方式共同作用的综合效果[3-5]。由于受土壤理化性质和缺乏有机质等营养载体的影响,菌株在土壤中很难成功定殖,其菌群数量会快速降低,严重影响防病效果,通过优良菌剂与有机质等营养载体复合制备微生物菌肥,具有增加土壤肥力、增强作物抗病能力、改善连作土壤理化性状、优化土壤微生物菌群的作用[6-7]。因此,研究微生物菌肥对植物枯萎病发生和根际土壤真菌群落的影响,对保障番茄产业健康发展至关重要。
TANG等[8]发现接种生防微生物Erythrobacter sp. YH-07的有机牛粪肥(BF)通过改变土壤微生物群落和土壤理化性质有效抑制番茄枯萎病的发生。BF处理还引起了土壤微生物群落组成和土壤化学性质的变化。ZHOU等[9]发现健康番茄比患病番茄含有明显更多的微生物种群,包括一些众所周知的生防因子芽孢杆菌等,是番茄枯萎病菌的入侵潜在抑制因子。ZHANG等[10]发现施生物有机肥改变了西瓜土壤微生物群落组成,提升有益微生物如芽孢杆菌(8.5%)、木霉相对丰度(13.5%),微生物种群多样性增加而镰刀菌相对丰度较低,枯萎病发病率从而降低。XUE等[11]发现施用生物有机肥重构了西瓜枯萎病土壤中的抗病微生物菌群。HUANG等[12]应用生物肥与酸性土壤改良剂配合施用香蕉枯萎病盆栽防效达73.3%,同时改善土壤酸碱条件,pH从4.50提高到5.57。WANG等[13]发现与轮作防控香蕉枯萎病相比,施用生物肥料对细菌和真菌群落组成的影响更大。TAO等[14]应用T. guizhouense NJAU4742防治香蕉枯萎病的盆栽试验中,发病率降低,证明了对真菌群落组成和真菌群落内特定相互作用可能是抑制香蕉枯萎病和维持植物健康的重要驱动因素。由于单一生防菌株制剂存在功能有限,因此选用不同功能的生防菌构建微生物菌群,与特定营养基质复配制备微生物菌肥,融合生防菌防病和有机肥促生功能,既克服单一菌株的功能单一的局限,又为菌肥产品中的功能菌株提供有效营养,保障施用后的活性,又利于增产提质[3-5],具有广阔应用前景。
生防菌株与营养基质复配防控番茄枯萎病的研究尚不多见。绿农林®41复合微生物菌肥(LNL41)是本团队研发的正式登记产品,由优良的生防菌长枝木霉(T. longibrachiatum H02)、专利菌株绿色木霉(T. viride H06)和枯草芽孢杆菌(B. subtilis BLG010)与氨基酸粉等营养复配制备,但田间应用稳定性和防病促生作用尚不明确。本研究选取往年番茄枯萎病严重发生地块为试验地,应用LNL41处理番茄的根际土壤,测定番茄根际土壤养分、植株生长、枯萎病发病率,采用18S rDNA测序技术分析LNL41处理下番茄根际土壤真菌群落结构的差异,探究LNL41与番茄枯病发生、根际土壤理化性质及土壤真菌群落之间的关系,为有效利用微生物菌肥绿色防控番茄枯萎病提供理论依据。
供试菌株:生防菌长枝木霉H02,专利菌株绿色木霉H06和枯草芽孢杆菌BLG010由中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所/国家肥料微生物种质资源库(海南)提供。
供试复合物微生物(CM):由生防菌长枝木霉H02、专利菌株绿色木霉H06(ZL2012103 23738.2)和枯草芽孢杆菌BLG010(ZL2012102 48300.2)分别经活化、发酵、离心、去除代谢物,收集沉淀的高浓度菌体并干燥复配获得干粉,总有效活菌数为5×109 CFU/g,其中H02活菌数为8×108 CFU/g,H06活菌数为14×108 CFU/g,BLG010活菌数为28×108 CFU/g。
供试氨基酸粉:氨基酸含量为35.6%,购自四川世宏科技有限公司。
供试绿农林®41复合微生物菌肥(LNL41),微生物肥(2019)准字(7527)号,由中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所研制,海南宝绿春农业开发有限公司生产。取长枝木霉H02、专利菌株绿色木霉H06和枯草芽孢杆菌BLG010的高浓度菌体干粉、氨基酸粉和复合肥(15-15-15)复配制备获得。有效成分包括:有机质≥40%,N+P2O5+K2O=12%,总有效活菌数为5×109 CFU/g,其中H02活菌数为8×108 CFU/g,H06活菌数为14×108 CFU/g,BLG010活菌数为28×108 CFU/g。
供试菌肥营养基质(NS):取LNL41水溶后,在121 ℃,20 min条件下湿热灭菌。养分指标与LNL41相同(有效成分包括:有机质≥40%,N+P2O5+K2O=12%)。
供试番茄品种:海南千禧番茄。
时间:2023年10月12日至2023年12月22日。地点:海南省琼海市桥头村番茄基地,常年番茄枯萎病严重发生。土壤以砖红壤为主,该土种土体深厚,质地多为砂质壤土。试验开始前耕层土壤基本理化性质:有机质10.09 g/kg、铵态氮39.42 mg/kg、速效磷102.70 mg/kg、速效钾123.50 mg/kg、pH 5.50。
田间试验在在常规施肥的基础上,分别设置4个处理,清水对照(CK)、绿农林®复合微生物菌肥(LNL41)、菌肥营养基质(NS)和复合微生物(CM)。不同处理间开沟隔约40 cm,随机区组排列,2023年10月12日定植,种植行距60 cm、株距40 cm,共4行,2个相邻行为1组处理,每处理各200株,各处理3个重复。在常规施肥的基础上。在定植时分别取LNL41、CM和NS稀释至500倍浇灌于番茄根部,然后每3周浇灌1次,共5次。
在番茄采收期,采用五点取样法选取5株番茄的10~20 cm根围土壤200 g,混匀、去除石块和植物残体、风干,过200目筛后,利用灼烧法测量土壤有机质,利用HM-TYA型土壤肥料养分速测仪对速效氮、速效磷、速效钾进行测定,利用TR-8D盐度检测仪测定盐度,利用pH计测定酸碱度。
番茄收获时,在晴朗的天气下,测定时大气CO2浓度保持在(380±6.0) μmol/mol,气温26 ℃,相对湿度(60±4.0)%,每组随机选取3株,分别从每株上、下部分选取3片健康叶,光合作用采用LCPRO-SD便携式光合测定仪,测定时间为120 s;在自然光下分别从每株上、下部分选取健康叶片,用叶绿素测定仪TYS-4N测定叶片叶绿素相对含量(SPAD值);从每株上、下部分选取5片健康完整叶,用YMJ-CH型智能叶面积测定仪测定叶面积;果实成熟,选取番茄的第1、2穗果称重进行单株产量的测定;用具有温度自动补偿功能的MSDR-P1高精度数显糖度计进行水溶性总糖测定。
采用SoilBox-FMS便携式土壤呼吸测量系统,参考汪军等[5]的方法测定采收期番茄根际土壤呼吸速率。
调查番茄枯萎病在苗期、花期、结果期和采收期的发病率,计算不同处理对番茄枯萎病的防治效果。发病率=发病株数/调查总株数×100%;防治效果=(对照发病率-处理发病率)/对照发病率×100%。
取1.2.3中采集后经混合、拌匀、去除石块和植物残体土样,委托北京百迈客生物科技有限公司提取土壤总DNA,基于Illumina NovaSeq测序平台,对真菌ITS1 rDNA的ITS1区进行测序。
采用Excel 2016、SAS 9.0、GraphPad Prism 8软件对试验数据进行统计分析,采用Duncan氏新复极差法进行差异显著性水平检验。测序结果使用北京百迈客生物科技有限公司云平台的Usearch、QIIME2、R、Python、FUNGuild等软件进行分析。
与CK比较,各处理对土壤养分的改善作用表现为LNL41>CM>NS:各处理间有机质和速效磷含量差异显著;CM和NS处理的铵态氮含量差异不显著,LNL41和CM处理的速效钾含量差异不显著;CK、NS和CM处理间pH差异不显著,LNL41与CM处理的pH差异不显著;CK与NS、LNL41与CM、NS与CM处理的盐度差异不显著,但均显著低于CK(表1)。
与CK比较,各处理促生长作用依次表现为LNL41>CM>NS:株高、茎围、叶面积、光合作用、叶绿素、产量和水溶性糖增幅分别为8.87%~34.71%、15.93%~67.62%、13.37%~52.88%、3.17%~12.55%、3.20%~20.49%、4.38%~19.53%、0.46%~8.79%;CK与LNL41处理的各指标间具有显著性差异;CK和NS处理的仅茎围差异显著,其他指标无显著性差异;CK和CM处理的产量和水溶性糖指标差异不显著,其他指标差异显著;LNL41和NS的处理各指标差异显著;LNL41和CM处理的光合作用、叶绿素和水溶性糖差异不显著,其他指标差异显著;NS和CM处理的叶面积、产量和水溶性糖差异不显著,其他指标差异显著(表2)。
在采收期,与CK比较,LNL41、CM、NS各处理之间根际土壤呼吸速率差异显著,LNL41处理效果最为显著,其次CM处理,NS次之,土壤呼吸速率分别增加了59.52%、33.33%和14.29%(图1)。
调查不同处理对不同生长期番茄枯萎病发病率的影响发现(表3),与CK比较,各处理控病作用表现为LNL41>CM>NS。在苗期,LNL41与CM处理的发病率和防效无显著性差异,但与NS处理差异显著;在花期、结果期和采收期各处理的发病率和防效差异显著;4个时期的发病率控制在2.33%~11.67%、7.00%~26.33%、12.67%~40.33%和16.33%~52.00%,防效分别达53.25%~90.83%、47.25%~86.04%、45.72%~82.98%和37.97%~80.50%。
表4可知,与CK比较,LNL41、NS、CM处理的物种丰度指标Ace指数和Chao1指数分别提高了26.97%~57.71%、24.89%~56.00%,LNL41、CM处理的多样性指标Simpson指数和Shannon指数提高了25.75%~ 29.45%、39.04%~49.13%,而NS处理的Simpson指数和Shannon指数则分别降低了24.73%和32.68%。
科水平丰度相对含量(OTU数相对丰度前20)排名前5的真菌科中(图2A),Unclassified为各处理优势科;Hypocreaceae、Nectriaceae为LNL41、NS和CM的共有优势科,丰度分别为7.10%~8.56%、1.77%~1.94%和7.93%~11.52%。
进一步对各分组样品在属水平(OTU数相对丰度前20)的相对丰度进行研究,结果(图2B)表明,不同处理真菌群落结构存在明显差异,排名前5的真菌属中,Unclassified为各处理共有优势属;Verticillium为CK和LNL41的共有优势菌属;Hypsizygus为CK和NS的共有优势属;Trichoderma为LNL41、NS和CM的共有优势属,丰度分别为8.56%、1.94%和11.52%,说明LNL41和CM的木霉菌株在根际土壤较好定殖。Fusarium为NS和CM的共有优势属,丰度分别为0.40%和2.41%,在CK中排名第7,丰度为0.93%;在LNL41处理中相对丰度排名为第14,丰度仅为0.001%,说明施用LNL41降低了Fusarium在根际土壤中定殖量。
图3结果显示,纵向聚类表示不同物种在LNL41与NS枝长较短,2个处理间丰度相似;横向聚类表示4个处理中FusariumAureobasidium丰度相似;Trichoderma分别与CladosporiumUwebrauniaAureobasidiumFusarium丰度相似。
基于R语言绘制相关性最高的前20属的网络图(图4),TrichodermaAspergillusAlternaria呈正相关。
表5可知,Chao1指数与有机质、速效磷、速效钾呈显著正相关关系,与盐度呈显著负相关关系;由表6可知,Chao1指数与土壤呼吸速率呈显著正相关关系,与发病率呈显著负相关关系。
基于FUNGuild预测真菌功能,与CK相比,LNL41、NS处理的功能差异显著有10类包括undefined saprotroph、fungal parasite、endophyte、dung saprotroph、wood saprotroph、litter saprotroph、animal pathogen、plant saprotroph、plant pathogen、animal endosymbiont。LNL41处理出现4个功能类群丰度上升,NS和CM处理只有2个功能类群丰度上升。LNL41处理的dung saprotroph、undefined saprotroph、wood saprotroph和plant saprotroph丰度分别增加了11.15、7.81、4.07、0.92个百分点,plant pathogen下降了2.55个百分点,endophyte下降了7.95个百分点;NS处理的undefined saprotroph、wood saprotroph丰度分别增加了81.96、0.12个百分点,plant pathogen下降了26.28个百分点,endophyte下降了24.11个百分点;CM处理的undefined saprotroph、animal pathogen丰度分别增加了26.40、1.05个百分点,plant pathogen下降了8.74个百分点,endophyte下降了6.57个百分点(图5)。
微生物菌肥具有改善土壤养分、平衡微生物种群、防控土传病害和增产提质多种功效。郭立佳等[15]、邵雪凤等[16]研究发现氨基酸作为营养基质促进芽孢杆菌菌体增值、分泌抑菌物质和促生长物质。土壤养分是土壤肥力的重要特征,微生物菌肥在提高土壤养分方面具有重要作用[17-18]。本研究应用氨基酸与长枝木霉、绿色木霉和枯草芽孢杆菌制备的复合微生物菌肥,施用到番茄根际后发现对番茄根际土壤养分提升作用表现为LNL41最为显著,其次为CM和NS,与YANG等[19]和杨皓等[20]应用微生物肥缓解土壤酸化,提高土壤速效钾和有机质含量的研究结果相似,由此说明微生物菌肥中的功能菌株利用氨基酸营养基质增殖,促进根际难溶养分的分解,增加了土壤有效养分的含量。
LIU等[21]研究表明,含有芽孢杆菌微生物肥不仅增加了植株根长、根表面积、根体积,还提高了叶片的光合作用速率、相对叶绿素含量等指标。ZHOU等[3]施用含有木霉和芽孢杆菌的微生物制剂提升了番茄株高、株重和叶绿素含量,诱导D-果糖积累。本研究也发现促生作用表现为LNL41>CM>NS,株高、茎围、叶面积、光合作用、叶绿素、产量和水溶性糖均增幅明显,说明微生物菌肥田间具用良好增产效果,在番茄生产中具有较好的应用前景。
微生物菌肥制剂通过改善土壤生态环境,增加有益微生物数量,改善土壤呼吸等根际生态指标[22-23]。CHEN等[24]发现施用含有芽孢杆菌Bacillus licheniformis (X-1)和B. methylotrophicus (Z-1)的生物有机肥后,盆栽草莓枯萎病发病率降低80.00%;汪军等[5,25]应用含有淡紫拟青霉E16和枯草芽孢杆菌BLG010的菌肥后,盆栽和田间香蕉枯萎病发病率分别下降至26.67%和1.10%。本研究中LNL41控制土壤呼吸速率提高59.52%,各生长期的发病率控制在2.33%~16.33%之间,防效维持在80.50%~90.83%之间,而单独施用CM和NS处理的从苗期至采收期降幅均较大,采收期防效仅54.21%和37.97%。,由此推断微生物菌群需要利用营养基质提供的关键营养繁殖和分泌拮抗物质,LNL41施用后在根际形成了有利于复合微生物菌群存活的环境,从而降低土壤及根系病原菌丰度,恢复根际有益微生物种类及数量,提升土壤微生物、根系呼吸速率,从而提高根系和微生物活性。
施用木霉、芽孢杆菌等生防制剂可增加根际土壤等有益微生物的种群丰度,诱导土壤中土壤真菌群落丰富度和多样性增加来抑制土传病害香蕉枯萎病和菠萝心腐病[14,26]。本研究施用LNL41、NS和CM后土壤真菌属水平Ace指数和Chao1指数分别提高了26.97%~57.71%、24.89%~56.00%,LNL41、CM处理的多样性指标Simpson指数和Shannon指数分别提高了25.75%~29.45%、39.04%~49.13%,而NS处理的多样性指标有所下降。由此推测上述3种处理提高了土壤中部分真菌种类丰度,抑制部分菌群的定殖,因此多样性指标有所降低。
CHEN等[27]施用含有多年类芽孢杆菌的生物有机肥提高了菊花根际真菌α多样性,FusariumGlycomyces下降,而Cladosporium、丛植菌根和内生菌水平上升,与菊花枯萎病发病率呈负相关。健康土壤的真菌群落中,α多样性始终较大。YUAN等[28]分析病区和健康土壤样本发现健康土壤真菌群落中α多样性更高,含有较多慢生根瘤科、丛枝菌科、被孢霉和非致病镰刀菌,揭示了枯萎病土壤微生物组的关键生物学指标和共同特征,有助于预测由尖孢镰刀菌引起的枯萎病发生。木霉和芽孢杆菌是防控枯萎病等土传病害的优势生防菌[3-5],本研究发现LNL41处理后肉座菌科和木霉属丰度均为8.56%,分别为丰度排名前5的优势科和优势属,木霉属(Trichoderma)与AspergillusAlternaria呈正相关;Chao1指数与有机质、速效磷、速效钾和土壤呼吸速率呈显著正相关关系,与盐度和发病率呈显著负相关关系,说明微生物菌肥施用后对番茄根际土壤中优势真菌群落具有显著影响。
Funguild广泛用于土壤真菌功能群预测[29],马东旭等[30]发现指数施肥后N、P促进腐生营养性真菌类群逐渐占据主导地位,HUANG等[31]发现施用微生物有机肥后烟草根际土壤腐生真营养型类群增加。DU等[32]发现施用有机肥后提高了土壤中腐生真菌比例和促进药用植物浙贝母的产量。腐生型真菌具有分解植物残体、动物粪便等重要生态作用,对植物生长具有重要促进作用[33]。本研究也发现施用微生物菌肥后4个功能类群丰度上升,腐生营养型功能类群(dung saprotroph、undefined saprotroph、wood saprotroph和plant saprotroph)丰度增加了0.92~11.15个百分点,plant pathogen下降了2.55个百分点,endophyte下降了7.95个百分点,而施用NS和CM的处理只有2个功能类群丰度上升。因此推断施用微生物菌肥后土壤中腐生营养型真菌为土壤中优势功能类群,加速了对有机质、铵态氮、有效磷和速效钾等养分的分解和循环利用,改善了土壤养分环境,同时通过营养竞争和分泌拮抗物质,抑制了植物病原菌的繁殖,提高了番茄根系对土壤养分的吸收,最终有利于番茄植株的抗病、增产和提质。本研究说明施用LNL41改变土壤腐生营养型真菌比例,调控根际抗病性土壤微生物群落形成的作用是显著的。
绿农林®41复合微生物菌肥可改善番茄根际养分有机质、铵态氮、速效磷、盐度和pH,促进株高、茎围、叶面积、光合作用、叶绿素、水溶性糖和产量生长指标,提高土壤呼吸速率,控制番茄枯萎病发病率,改善土壤真菌群落结构,提升腐生营养型功能类群等有益微生物丰度,表明绿农林®41复合微生物菌肥根际施用防病促生作用显著,应用前景良好。
  • 海南省自然科学基金项目(321RC618; 721RC631)
  • 江西重点研发计划项目(20223BBF61015)
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2024年第45卷第11期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.11.020
  • 接收时间:2024-08-09
  • 首发时间:2026-06-26
  • 出版时间:2024-11-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-08-09
  • 修回日期:2024-08-17
基金
海南省自然科学基金项目(321RC618; 721RC631)
江西重点研发计划项目(20223BBF61015)
作者信息
    1.中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所/国家肥料微生物种质资源库(海南),海南海口 571101
    2.中国热带农业科学院科技信息研究所,海南海口 571101
    3.中华人民共和国菏泽海关,山东菏泽 274000
    4.海南宝绿春农业开发有限公司,海南海口 571100

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* 杨腊英(YANG Laying),E-mail:
周游(ZHOU You),E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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