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Article(id=1277293278714262430, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1277293236137890180, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.11.008, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1711900800000, receivedDateStr=2024-04-01, revisedDate=1715184000000, revisedDateStr=2024-05-09, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1782460048607, onlineDateStr=2026-06-26, pubDate=1732464000000, pubDateStr=2024-11-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1782460048607, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-26, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1782460048607, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1782460048607, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1277293236137890180, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, year='2024', volume='45', issue='11', pageStart='2243', pageEnd='2486', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1732464000000', pubDateStr='2024-11-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1782460038455, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782815269280, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1278783182988358204, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1277293236137890180, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1278783182988358205, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1277293236137890180, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=2305, endPage=2312, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1277293279058195360, articleId=1277293278714262430, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=EN, title=Breeding Report of a New Excellent Rubber Tree Variety Yunyan 80-1983, columnId=1236256430060261740, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, columnName=Germplasm Resources, Genetics & Breeding, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Cold resistance and high-yielding are always the core breeding objectives of Yunnan rubber tree planting area in China. The superior clone was selected by artificial hybridization, and was systematically identified by nursery trial, advanced clonal trial and resistance test. The results showed that Yunyan 80-1983 was a fast-growing, high-yielding and early-maturing rubber tree clone which could be tapped 0.5-1 years earlier. In advanced clonal trials, the girth reached 52.7 cm in the seventh year, which was 122.6% of the control RRIM600 (43.0 cm). The dry rubber yield of 1-13 tapping year was 4.3 kg per tree and 1622.7 kg/hm2, which was 130.3% and 122.5% of the control RRIM600 (3.3 kg per tree,1324.8 kg/hm2). The cold resistance was basically equivalent to that of RRIM600, lower than that of GT1 and Yunyan 77-4. It is recommended to be planted in the low-altitude and slight cold damage zone in Yunnan. This clone would provide variety support for optimizing the variety structure, increasing the yield and output value in Yunnan and other rubber planting areas.

, authors=null, authorsList=Zhongliang LIU, Huajin YA, Lihua WANG, Ligang HE, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Ligang HE, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1277293280064828328, articleId=1277293278714262430, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=CN, title=橡胶树优良新品种云研80-1983选育报告, columnId=1236256430219645304, journalTitle=热带作物学报, columnName=种质资源与遗传育种, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

抗寒、高产一直是我国云南植胶区的核心育种目标。以高产、速生和抗逆为育种目标，通过人工杂交筛选出优株，经苗圃系比、高级系比及抗性试验的系统鉴定，结果表明，云研80-1983是一个速生、高产、早熟的橡胶树优良品种，可提早0.5~1 a开割，在高级系比区，植后第7年100 cm处茎围达52.7 cm，为RRIM600茎围（43.0 cm）的122.6%；第1~13割年干胶单株和单位面积产量分别为4.3 kg/株、1622.7 kg/hm2，分别为RRIM600干胶单株和单位面积产量（3.3 kg/株、1324.8 kg/hm2）的130.3%和122.5%。抗寒能力与RRIM600相当，弱于GT1和云研77-4，推荐在云南低海拔轻寒植胶区种植，该品种的育成为云南等植胶区优化品种结构，提高单位面积产量及产值提供了品种支撑。

, authors=

* 同等贡献作者

刘忠亮（1973—），男，学士，副研究员，研究方向：橡胶树栽培、遗传育种、胶乳生理

亚华金（1989—），男，硕士，农艺师，研究方向：橡胶树遗传育种。

, authorsList=刘忠亮, 亚华金, 王丽华, 和丽岗, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=和丽岗, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
** 和丽岗（HE Ligang），E-mail：。
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刘忠亮（1973—），男，学士，副研究员，研究方向：橡胶树栽培、遗传育种、胶乳生理

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亚华金（1989—），男，硕士，农艺师，研究方向：橡胶树遗传育种。

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亚华金（1989—），男，硕士，农艺师，研究方向：橡胶树遗传育种。

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IAN873芽接树月度产胶动态特点[J]. 热带作物研究, 1995(3): 16-18., articleTitle=IAN873芽接树月度产胶动态特点, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1277293293595652100, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277293278714262430, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1995, volume=null, issue=3, pageStart=16, pageEnd=18, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=37, authorNames=LIANG S P, journalName=Tropical Crop Research, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIANG S P. IAN873 grafting trees dynamic characteristics of monthly dry rubber yield[J]. Tropical Crop Research,1995(3): 16-18. (in Chinese), articleTitle=IAN873 grafting trees dynamic characteristics of monthly dry rubber yield, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1277293293671149573, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277293278714262430, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=38, authorNames=中华人民共和国农业行业标准, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=中华人民共和国农业行业标准. 橡胶树品种类型：NY/T 221—2006[S]. 北京: 中华人民共和国农业农村部, 2019., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1277293293776007174, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277293278714262430, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=39, authorNames=Agricultural Industry Standard of the People’s Republic of China, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Agricultural Industry Standard of the People’s Republic of China. Rubber tree species Type: NY/T 221—2006[S]. Beijing: Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, PRC, 2019.(in Chinese), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1277293288822535133, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277293278714262430, awardId=RF2024-1-3, language=CN, fundingSource=云南热带作物科技创新体系建设专项资金项目(RF2024-1-3), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1277293280291320746, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277293278714262430, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1277293280299709355, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277293278714262430, companyId=1277293280291320746, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Yunnan Institute of Tropical Crops / Yunnan Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization Research on Rubber Tree, Jinghong, Yunnan 666100, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1277293280308097964, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277293278714262430, companyId=1277293280291320746, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=云南省热带作物科学研究所/云南省天然橡胶可持续利用研究重点实验室，云南景洪　666100)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1277293285567755209, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277293278714262430, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Cold resistance of different clones rubber tree

Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference among treatments (P<0.05).

, figureFileSmall=s5AW5L/DsocZuYGUi8O4eA==, figureFileBig=QY0862nzwL0GnZAco4WEdQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277293286968652746, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277293278714262430, language=CN, label=图1, caption=不同品种橡胶树抗寒性

不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著（P<0.05）。

, figureFileSmall=s5AW5L/DsocZuYGUi8O4eA==, figureFileBig=QY0862nzwL0GnZAco4WEdQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277293287144813515, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277293278714262430, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Stimulating effect of Yunyan 80-1983, figureFileSmall=F9/9Cr7+O9yYflACz01jsg==, figureFileBig=E3bdgm9fTr+zYsbKAE1wTw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277293287249671116, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277293278714262430, language=CN, label=图2, caption=云研80-1983刺激效应, figureFileSmall=F9/9Cr7+O9yYflACz01jsg==, figureFileBig=E3bdgm9fTr+zYsbKAE1wTw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277293287383888845, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277293278714262430, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Ability against stimulation of Yunyan 80-1983, figureFileSmall=SFJ5e2U9Wa9UVZVPpgDwZg==, figureFileBig=ZhcvPuqjZg5txJXGZW0cDg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277293287492940750, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277293278714262430, language=CN, label=图3, caption=云研80-1983耐刺激能力, figureFileSmall=SFJ5e2U9Wa9UVZVPpgDwZg==, figureFileBig=ZhcvPuqjZg5txJXGZW0cDg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277293287660712911, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277293278714262430, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Annual girth growth of clone Yunyan 80-1983

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验区Sites品种Clones种植株数Number of trees茎围年增长Annual growth/cm平均Mean/cm调查株数Tested trees割株数Tapping trees开割率Tapping rate/%
1 a2 a3 a4 a5 a6 a7 a
无性苗圃云研80-1983327.67.87.77.26.87.4±0.37**
RRIM600327.06.566.15.96.3±0.40
GT1326.96.96.46.45.96.5±0.37
高级系比云研80-19831956.16.26.56.97.17.776.8±0.52**19517690.2**
RRIM6001995.75.86.16.66.66.35.76.1±0.3619910452.3
), ArticleFig(id=1277293287732016080, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277293278714262430, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

云研80-1983系比区茎围年增长

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验区Sites品种Clones种植株数Number of trees茎围年增长Annual growth/cm平均Mean/cm调查株数Tested trees割株数Tapping trees开割率Tapping rate/%
1 a2 a3 a4 a5 a6 a7 a
无性苗圃云研80-1983327.67.87.77.26.87.4±0.37**
RRIM600327.06.566.15.96.3±0.40
GT1326.96.96.46.45.96.5±0.37
高级系比云研80-19831956.16.26.56.97.17.776.8±0.52**19517690.2**
RRIM6001995.75.86.16.66.66.35.76.1±0.3619910452.3
), ArticleFig(id=1277293287828485073, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277293278714262430, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Annual growth of clone Yunyan 80-1983 after tapping in advanced clonal trial

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
品种Clones茎围年增长Annual growth平均Mean
1 a2 a3 a4 a5 a6 a7 a8 a9 a10 a11 a12 a13 a
云研80-19836.05.65.35.04.74.64.23.94.03.63.53.43.34.4
RRIM6005.35.05.04.84.74.44.33.94.03.63.63.63.44.3
), ArticleFig(id=1277293287895593938, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277293278714262430, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

云研80-1983高级系比区开割后茎围年增长

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
品种Clones茎围年增长Annual growth平均Mean
1 a2 a3 a4 a5 a6 a7 a8 a9 a10 a11 a12 a13 a
云研80-19836.05.65.35.04.74.64.23.94.03.63.53.43.34.4
RRIM6005.35.05.04.84.74.44.33.94.03.63.63.63.44.3
), ArticleFig(id=1277293287966897107, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277293278714262430, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

Dry rubber yield of clone Yunyan 80-1983 in clonal nursery

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
品种Clones干胶产量Dry rubber yield/(g·株-1)平均Mean/(g·株-1)RRIM600/%GT1/%
1 a2 a3 a
云研80-198333.536.540.236.7*128.8137.5
RRIM60025.828.431.228.5100.0106.7
GT122.327.130.726.7106.7100.0
), ArticleFig(id=1277293288063366100, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277293278714262430, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

云研80-1983无性系比区干胶产量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
品种Clones干胶产量Dry rubber yield/(g·株-1)平均Mean/(g·株-1)RRIM600/%GT1/%
1 a2 a3 a
云研80-198333.536.540.236.7*128.8137.5
RRIM60025.828.431.228.5100.0106.7
GT122.327.130.726.7106.7100.0
), ArticleFig(id=1277293288138863573, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277293278714262430, language=EN, label=Tab. 4, caption=

Dry rubber yield of Yunyan 80-1983 in advanced clonal trials

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
割年Tapping year/a单株产量Dry rubber yield/（kg·株-1）单位面积产量Yield per unit area/（kg·hm-2）
云研80-1983RRIM600云研80-1983RRIM600
13.51.51504.2352.8
26.93.42869.3791.4
36.22.42907.91123.8
44.92.72213.21283.9
53.73.51896.21364.3
64.63.81686.71748.2
73.83.61275.61626.8
84.23.91358.71604.4
94.14.21185.91747.8
103.93.91172.01394.6
112.83.71320.31626.2
123.83.11153.41349.3
133.23.3552.11209.1
均值4.33.31622.7**1324.8
), ArticleFig(id=1277293288214361046, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277293278714262430, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

云研80-1983高级系比区产胶情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
割年Tapping year/a单株产量Dry rubber yield/（kg·株-1）单位面积产量Yield per unit area/（kg·hm-2）
云研80-1983RRIM600云研80-1983RRIM600
13.51.51504.2352.8
26.93.42869.3791.4
36.22.42907.91123.8
44.92.72213.21283.9
53.73.51896.21364.3
64.63.81686.71748.2
73.83.61275.61626.8
84.23.91358.71604.4
94.14.21185.91747.8
103.93.91172.01394.6
112.83.71320.31626.2
123.83.11153.41349.3
133.23.3552.11209.1
均值4.33.31622.7**1324.8
), ArticleFig(id=1277293288344384471, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277293278714262430, language=EN, label=Tab. 5, caption=

Investigation of rubber powdery mildew disease

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
品种Clones调查叶数Number of leaves危害等级Hazard level发病率Affected rate/%病情指数Disease index发病率Affected rate/%
0123453级Grade three4~5级Grades 4-5
云研80-198360027269258405195.531.06.71.0
RRIM60060013256268546397.833.19.01.5
), ArticleFig(id=1277293288419881944, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277293278714262430, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

橡胶树白粉病病情调查

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
品种Clones调查叶数Number of leaves危害等级Hazard level发病率Affected rate/%病情指数Disease index发病率Affected rate/%
0123453级Grade three4~5级Grades 4-5
云研80-198360027269258405195.531.06.71.0
RRIM60060013256268546397.833.19.01.5
), ArticleFig(id=1277293288478602201, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277293278714262430, language=EN, label=Tab. 6, caption=

Dry yield content of Yunyan80-1983 in advanced clonal trials

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
品种Clones干胶含量Dry yield content平均
1 a2 a3 a4 a5 a6 a7 a8 a9 a10 a11 a12 a13 a
云研80-198326.326.227.131.429.634.732.525.627.026.126.927.832.428.7
RRIM60028.631.132.537.533.237.835.929.029.029.130.533.135.932.6**
), ArticleFig(id=1277293288549905370, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277293278714262430, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

云研80-1983高比区干胶含量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
品种Clones干胶含量Dry yield content平均
1 a2 a3 a4 a5 a6 a7 a8 a9 a10 a11 a12 a13 a
云研80-198326.326.227.131.429.634.732.525.627.026.126.927.832.428.7
RRIM60028.631.132.537.533.237.835.929.029.029.130.533.135.932.6**
), ArticleFig(id=1277293288633791451, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277293278714262430, language=EN, label=Tab. 7, caption=

Tapping Panel Dryness (TPD) of Yunyan 80-1983 in the 13th tapping year

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
品种Clones调查株数Number of trees面积Area/hm2死皮株数Number of TPD affected Trees死皮率TPD rate/%死皮指数TPD indexe4~5级死皮率TPD rate of 4-5/%单位面积停割株数Stopage tapping trees per hecare
012345
云研80-19831220.407101005040.7540.15**39.75121
RRIM6001830.4115901321813.1811.9410.9244
), ArticleFig(id=1277293288709288924, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277293278714262430, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

云研80-1983橡胶树第13割年死皮情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
品种Clones调查株数Number of trees面积Area/hm2死皮株数Number of TPD affected Trees死皮率TPD rate/%死皮指数TPD indexe4~5级死皮率TPD rate of 4-5/%单位面积停割株数Stopage tapping trees per hecare
012345
云研80-19831220.407101005040.7540.15**39.75121
RRIM6001830.4115901321813.1811.9410.9244
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橡胶树优良新品种云研80-1983选育报告
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刘忠亮 , 亚华金 , 王丽华 , 和丽岗 **
热带作物学报 | 种质资源与遗传育种 2024,45(11): 2305-2312
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热带作物学报 |种质资源与遗传育种 2024 , 45 (11) : 2305 -2312
橡胶树优良新品种云研80-1983选育报告
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刘忠亮, 亚华金, 王丽华, 和丽岗**
作者信息
  • 云南省热带作物科学研究所/云南省天然橡胶可持续利用研究重点实验室，云南景洪　666100
通讯作者:
** 和丽岗（HE Ligang），E-mail：。
Breeding Report of a New Excellent Rubber Tree Variety Yunyan 80-1983
Zhongliang LIU, Huajin YA, Lihua WANG, Ligang HE**
Affiliations
  • Yunnan Institute of Tropical Crops / Yunnan Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization Research on Rubber Tree, Jinghong, Yunnan 666100, China
出版时间: 2024-11-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.11.008
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摘要
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抗寒、高产一直是我国云南植胶区的核心育种目标。以高产、速生和抗逆为育种目标，通过人工杂交筛选出优株，经苗圃系比、高级系比及抗性试验的系统鉴定，结果表明，云研80-1983是一个速生、高产、早熟的橡胶树优良品种，可提早0.5~1 a开割，在高级系比区，植后第7年100 cm处茎围达52.7 cm，为RRIM600茎围（43.0 cm）的122.6%；第1~13割年干胶单株和单位面积产量分别为4.3 kg/株、1622.7 kg/hm2，分别为RRIM600干胶单株和单位面积产量（3.3 kg/株、1324.8 kg/hm2）的130.3%和122.5%。抗寒能力与RRIM600相当，弱于GT1和云研77-4，推荐在云南低海拔轻寒植胶区种植，该品种的育成为云南等植胶区优化品种结构，提高单位面积产量及产值提供了品种支撑。

橡胶树  /  优良无性系  /  云研80-1983  /  品种选育

Cold resistance and high-yielding are always the core breeding objectives of Yunnan rubber tree planting area in China. The superior clone was selected by artificial hybridization, and was systematically identified by nursery trial, advanced clonal trial and resistance test. The results showed that Yunyan 80-1983 was a fast-growing, high-yielding and early-maturing rubber tree clone which could be tapped 0.5-1 years earlier. In advanced clonal trials, the girth reached 52.7 cm in the seventh year, which was 122.6% of the control RRIM600 (43.0 cm). The dry rubber yield of 1-13 tapping year was 4.3 kg per tree and 1622.7 kg/hm2, which was 130.3% and 122.5% of the control RRIM600 (3.3 kg per tree,1324.8 kg/hm2). The cold resistance was basically equivalent to that of RRIM600, lower than that of GT1 and Yunyan 77-4. It is recommended to be planted in the low-altitude and slight cold damage zone in Yunnan. This clone would provide variety support for optimizing the variety structure, increasing the yield and output value in Yunnan and other rubber planting areas.

Hevea brasiliensis  /  superior clone  /  Yunyan 80-1983  /  variety breeding
刘忠亮, 亚华金, 王丽华, 和丽岗. 橡胶树优良新品种云研80-1983选育报告. 热带作物学报, 2024 , 45 (11) : 2305 -2312 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.11.008
Zhongliang LIU, Huajin YA, Lihua WANG, Ligang HE. Breeding Report of a New Excellent Rubber Tree Variety Yunyan 80-1983[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2024 , 45 (11) : 2305 -2312 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.11.008
正文
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天然橡胶是重要的战略物资和工业原料，是国民经济生活、医疗、国防军事中不可缺少的重要材料资源。巴西橡胶树（Hevea brasiliensis）是天然橡胶最主要的来源，同时也是热区最主要的经济作物之一，原产于南美洲，为典型的多年生热带高大乔木树种[1-2]。目前橡胶树的种植已遍布60多个国家和地区[3]，我国于1904年引种橡胶树，1952年开始规模种植，经过几十年的努力，据农业农村部发展南亚热带作物办公室统计数据，截至2013年，全国天然橡胶种植面积已达114.4万hm2，年产干胶86.48万t[4]。要获得胶园的最佳经济效益，除栽培环境、农艺措施和生产管理外，良种是关键[4-5]。20世纪50年代初，我国大量引进国外优良无性系，筛选出RRIM600、PR107、GT1等优良品种。同时通过优选母树和人工杂交，成功选育出一系列适合我国不同气候类型的新品种，如初生代无性系海垦1、热研7-33-97、海垦2、文昌11、大丰95等。
云南植胶区由于纬度偏北（21°N~25°N）和海拔较高（600~900 m），冬季热量不足，一些年份有冷空气或寒潮侵袭，致使橡胶树遭受不同程度的寒害。如1973/1974割年冬寒害造成幼龄橡胶树损失1.13万hm2；1975/1976割年冬寒害造成开割胶林损失4666.67 hm2，6级死亡树达69.6万株。冬季的低温寒害制约云南橡胶产业的发展。因此，培育和推广橡胶树抗寒高产品种对云南天然橡胶产业的持续发展具有重要意义。1957年，云南省热带作物科学研究所（简称“云南热作所”）开始先后从国外和海南大学批量引入优良品种600余个（国外品种168个）；三叶橡胶属新种质5185份，现保存4212份；经50年的艰苦探索和不断创新，培育出一批具有自主知识产权和适应云南热区独特自然环境的高产抗寒新品种，如云研1号有性系、云研77-4、云研77-2、云研73-46等；以及高产速生品种云研277-5、云研80-1983、云研73-477、云研76-398等，保障了云南天然橡胶产业的稳步发展[6-9]。
云研80-1983是云南热作所于1980年通过人工隔离授粉杂交选育出来的高产速生无性系，亲本为云研277-5×IRCI22，1987年进入无性苗圃系比初级试验，1992年进入高级系比试验，2015年进入生产性试验。2002年云南农垦橡胶树品种汇评中被推荐为云南轻中寒区试种级品种[9]，2018年入选“十三五”期间橡胶树主导品种[10]，2022年被推荐为云南农垦“十四五”轻害区推广级品种，2014年申请云南省园艺植物新品种注册登记品种（云林园植新登第20140036号）[11]。云研80-1983的选育成功，为进一步优化云南植胶区橡胶树品种结构，提升产业竞争力提供坚实的品种支撑。
1　材料与方法
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1.1　材料
试验品种为云研80-1983，初级系比试验对照为RRIM600和GT1，高级系比试验对照为RRIM600，均采用裸根芽接桩上山定植。
1.2　方法
1.2.1　试验设计
无性系比（初级）试验采用随机区组设计，设3次重复，共27个品种，对照RRIM600、GT1，每品种10~12株，株行距1.5 m×2.0 m，共种植830株，面积0.28 hm2。
高级系比试验采用随机区组设计，设4次重复，每重复10个品种，其中9个为云南热作所自育品种，对照RRIM600，株行距2.5 m×8.0 m，小区面积0.09~0.14 hm2，株数45~71株，共2036株，面积4.1 hm2。
1.2.2　生长量、产量测定
无性系比试验于当年定植测定株高，以后年终测定离地100 cm处的茎围，植后第4年，试验区内当茎围到30 cm的植株超过50%以上时，于100 cm处开割，采用S/2 d3割制，每次割胶前在胶碗中加入适量的甲酸凝固胶乳，收集5刀产量，用烘干法直接称量记录干胶产量；高级系比试验测定参照刘忠亮等[12]的方法。
1.2.3　抗寒性鉴定
试验地建在云南农业大学热带作物学院内（抗寒前哨，下同），采用随机区组试验设计，设3次重复，101个品种，对照为云研77-4、GT1、RRIM600，小区内每品种种植5株，共1515株，株行距1.0 m×1.0 m，面积0.17 hm2，于2009年5月袋苗上山种植。
同年11月建立人工气候箱，观察12月、次年1、2、3月的气象要素，同时调查苗木在入冬前的生长与存株情况，次年4月调查越冬寒害情况，并分级记录。
1.2.4　大田白粉病观察
大田白粉病调查分别于2005—2010年的2—3月进行，观察与计算参照刘忠亮等[13]的方法。
1.2.5　割胶制度及品种形态学鉴定
割胶制度根据《橡胶树栽培技术规程》[14]，1~3割年不施用乙烯利（Ethrel，ETH）刺激剂，4~5割年施用ETH 0.3%，6~7割年采用ETH 0.5%，8~11割年采用ETH 1.0%，12~13割年施用ETH 1.5%，涂药方式为割线和割面涂药。品种形态学鉴定方法参照《橡胶树种质资源描述规范和数据标准》[15]进行。
1.3　数据处理
采用Excel和DPS 6.5软件对试验数据进行统计，并进行差异显著性分析。
2　结果与分析
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2.1　品种植物学形态特征
树干粗壮直立，叶痕心脏形或马蹄形，托叶痕平伸，鳞片痕新月形，芽眼突起近叶痕；叶蓬半球形，蓬间密，蓬距长度中等。大叶柄平伸，直而软，呈黄绿色，长度中等，先端平，大叶枕突大，具浅窝；叶痕部位木栓程度较高，嫩茎叶枕两侧呈紫红色；小叶柄平伸，长度中等，先端平，有沟，小叶枕膨大至1/2~1/3，紧缩区明显；蜜腺2~5枚，腺点突起，多联生，排列无规则，点面平或微凹，周边明显；叶片椭圆形，表面光滑，有光泽，叶色黄绿，网脉明显，叶尖渐尖，叶基渐尖，叶缘具无规则大波，三小叶显著分离，两侧小叶基多显外斜；胶乳淡黄色。
2.2　生长量
试验结果表明，云研80-1983早期生长快，开割率高，林相整齐，可提早0.5~1 a开割。无性苗圃系比区，植后1~5 a，云研80-1983茎围年平均增粗7.4 cm，分别为RRIM600茎围（6.3 cm）和GT1（6.5 cm）的117.46%、113.85%，差异极显著；高级系比区，植后7 a，茎围平均52.7 cm，为RRIM600茎围（43.0 cm）的122.6%，年增长6.8 cm，较RRIM600（6.1 cm）增长快0.7 cm，差异极显著；开割率为90.2%，较RRIM600（52.3%）开割率高37.9个百分点，差异极显著（表1）。
开割后，云研80-1983茎围年均增速减缓，第1~13割年平均年增长4.4 cm，比RRIM600高0.1 cm，差异不显著（表2）。
2.3　干胶产量
试验结果表明，云研80-1983早期产量高，为典型的早熟品种。无性系比区，平均每5割次干胶产量36.1 g/株，分别为RRIM600干胶产量（28.5 g/株）和GT1（26.7 g/株）的126.7%、135.2%，差异显著，两对照间差异不显著（表3）。高级系比区，第1~13割年平均单株和单位面积产量分别为4.3 kg/株、1622.7 kg/hm2，分别为RRIM600单株产量（3.3 kg/株）和单位面积产量（1324.8 kg/hm2）的130.3%和122.5%，其中单位面积产量差异极显著，单株产量差异不显著（表4）。
高级系比区1~13割年的干胶产量鉴定结果表明，云研80-1983早熟特性较为明显，1~3割年干胶平均单株产量达5.5 kg，年平均单位面积产量为2427.1 kg/hm2，第4割年开始施用0.3%的ETH刺激剂后，干胶产量开始大幅下降，此后随着乙烯刺激浓度的加大，干胶产量逐步下降，平均干胶单株产量逐年下降到与对照持平，单位面积产量低于对照，主要原因是死皮率上升，有效割株少，采用刺激割胶，因过度采胶导致产胶疲劳。
2.4　抗性
2.4.1　抗寒性
2009/2010割年冬，普洱抗寒前哨，冬季最冷月平均气温16.23 ℃，日平均气温≤5 ℃的连续天数为3 d，最低气温3.5 ℃，最高气温33.5 ℃，日最大温差26.5 ℃，最小温差10.5 ℃，大温差伴有持续低温导致试验区内参试品种受到不同程度寒害。其中，云研80-1983受害程度较GT1和云研77-4重，较RRIM600轻，其平均受害率为44.44%，寒害均级为1.78，分别较GT1、云研77-4高0.78、1.78，抗寒能力弱于GT1和云研77-4，与云研77-4差异显著（P<0.05）；比RRIM600抗寒能力低0.44，差异不显著，抗寒能力与RRIM600相当，RRIM600抗寒能力显著高于GT1和云研77-4（P<0.05），GT1与云研77-4之间差异不显著（图1）。
2.4.2　白粉病抗性
试验区大田观测结果显示（表5），云研80-1983白粉病受害程度与RRIM600相当，发病率分别为95.5%、97.8%，3级发病率分别为6.7%、9.0%，4~5级发病率分别为1.0%、1.5%，病情指数为31.0、33.1，经卡方测验结果表明，云研80-1983与对照差异不显著。
2.5　主要的副性状
2.5.1　干胶含量
云研80-1983在高级系比区1~13割年的平均干胶含量为28.7%，比RRIM600平均干胶（32.6%）低3.9个百分点，差异极显著（表6）。
2.5.2　死皮
高级系比区中，云研80-1983死皮率高，停割株多。第13割年死皮率为40.75%，较RRIM600死皮率（13.18%）高27.67个百分点，4~5级死皮率为39.75%，单位面积停割株数121株，死皮指数为40.15，经卡方测验结果表明，云研80-1983与RRIM600差异极显著（表7）。
2.5.3　刺激割胶
从高级系比区1~13割年干胶产量可以看出（图2），1~3割年，云研80-1983未施用ETH时，干胶产量随着割年的递增而增加，特别是第2割年干胶产量增长幅度较大，第4割年施用ETH 0.3%后，干胶产量急剧下降，且随着刺激浓度的加大，干胶产量不随割龄增长反而下降，第12割年施用ETH 1.5%后，干胶产量再次急剧下降。在施用ETH后，云研80-1983干胶产量反应剧烈，干胶产量不随刺激浓度和割年的增长反而降低，表明其刺激效应差。而在未施用ETH时，RRIM600干胶产量也随割龄增长而增长。在施用ETH 0.3%后，干胶产量急剧上升；施用ETH 0.5%时，出现第1个峰值，此时，干胶产量已超过云研80-1983；施用ETH 1.0%时，干胶产量不再增加，达到平衡；施用ETH 1.5%后，干胶产量不增长反而急剧下降，说明此时的刺激浓度已经不利于产胶，反而对其有一定的抑制作用。
高级系比区死皮指数分析结果表明（图3），云研80-1983死皮指数随割年和ETH刺激浓度增长而增长。在施用ETH 0.5%后，死皮增长较快，特别是施用ETH 1.0%后，死皮增速加剧，接近50。随着早期死皮停割株的死皮恢复和阴线割胶，死皮指数出现下降趋势，但加大施用浓度ETH 1.5%后，死皮指数又急速增长。因施用刺激剂导致云研80-1983死皮指数增大，增长幅度大，反应剧烈，表明其不耐刺激。RRIM600死皮指数增长趋势与云研80-1983相似，不过增长幅度和剧烈程度远小于云研80-1983，说明对照品种有一定的耐刺激能力。
3　讨论
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早熟高产品种的死皮仍是一个有待深入研究的课题，叶德林等[16]在对早熟高产品种热研8-79在勐腊的适应性分析结果表明，热研8-79的死皮率显著高于GT1和PR107。云研80-1983在无性系比、高级系比试验也表现出早熟高产品种特性，由于采用刺激割胶制度，其死皮率也极显著高于RRIM600。因此，在推广这类早熟高产类型的品种时，应提高胶园的管理水平和割胶技术，加强营养供给，降低割胶强度，适度浅割，建议采用d4或d5低频、不施用刺激剂的割胶制度。
胶乳干胶含量是反映橡胶树产胶潜力的重要指标，干胶含量过高会引起排胶困难，从而影响胶乳产量过低，产胶的动力不足[17]。张海东等[18]对云研77-4、云研77-2、GT1的月度产胶动态分析结果表明，低温干胶含量低，干胶单株产量和月度干胶分配率高。梁尚朴[19]对IAN873芽接树的月度干胶株次产量与干胶含量分析结果表明，月平均干胶含量在24.2%~30%之间，干胶株次产量在207 g以上，相反干胶含量高于30%和低于24%，干胶株次产量低。云研80-1983常年平均干胶含量为28%~30%，与对照RRIM600相当，也表现出较高的产量，其表现出的高产情况是否与干胶含量适度和排胶顺畅有关，需作进一步分析研究。
我国植胶区生态类型复杂多样，自然灾害频发，尤其云南植胶区多为山地，小气候环境明显，因此，摸清品种的区域适应性，按品种、环境、措施三对口原则配置优良品种，是天然橡胶产业持续发展和提升的基础和根本。云研80-1983是以高产品种云研277-5为母本，通过人工杂交繁育的后代，其生长、产胶性状较亲本更加优良。与大规模种植品种RRIM600相比，产量更高，生势更强，推广到生产中种植，可大大提高胶园单位面积产量，增加收益，但缺乏区域性试验来评价该品种的适生环境，后续有待加强对品种的产排胶生理特性、开花习性、土壤条件等较为详细的研究，并制定相应的栽培技术措施与割胶制度，推广到生产上种植。
4　结论
收起
本研究结果表明，云研80-1983生长快，早熟，产量高。无性系比区，植后1~5 a，茎围年平均增粗7.4 cm，分别为RRIM600和GT1年平均茎围的117.46%、113.85%，云研80-1983平均每5割次干胶单株产量36.1 g/株，分别为RRIM600和GT1干胶单株产量的126.7%、135.2%。高级系比区，植后第7年茎围52.7 cm，为RRIM600年茎围的122.6%；第1~13割年干胶单株和单位面积产量分别为4.3 kg/株，1622.7 kg/hm2，分别为RRIM600干胶单株和单位面积产量的130.3%和122.5%。
根据《橡胶树品种类型》[20]分类标准，云研80-1983鉴定为速生、高产早熟品种。
云研80-1983干胶含量低，较易死皮。高级系比区1~13割年，云研80-1983的干胶平均含量为28.7%，比RRIM600干胶平均含量低3.9个百分点；死皮重。第13割年，云研80-1983死皮率为40.75%，较RRIM600死皮率高27.67个百分点，死皮指数为40.15，较RRIM600高28.21；云研80-1983树皮薄而软，好割胶。刺激后，云研80-1983死皮率增加，不耐刺激，建议采用非刺激割胶制度。
云研80-1983抗寒能力弱，与RRIM600相当，弱于GT1和云研77-4。抗白粉病能力与RRIM600相当。推荐在云南轻寒区推广种植，需加强白粉防控工作的监测与适时防治。
基金
收起
  • 云南热带作物科技创新体系建设专项资金项目(RF2024-1-3)
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2024年第45卷第11期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.11.008
  • 接收时间：2024-04-01
  • 首发时间：2026-06-26
  • 出版时间：2024-11-25
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  • 收稿日期：2024-04-01
  • 修回日期：2024-05-09
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云南热带作物科技创新体系建设专项资金项目(RF2024-1-3)
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    云南省热带作物科学研究所/云南省天然橡胶可持续利用研究重点实验室，云南景洪　666100

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** 和丽岗（HE Ligang），E-mail：。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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