Article(id=1277293251069608732, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1277293236137890180, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.11.007, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1716739200000, receivedDateStr=2024-05-27, revisedDate=1717516800000, revisedDateStr=2024-06-05, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1782460042016, onlineDateStr=2026-06-26, pubDate=1732464000000, pubDateStr=2024-11-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1782460042016, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-26, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1782460042016, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1782460042016, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1277293236137890180, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, year='2024', volume='45', issue='11', pageStart='2243', pageEnd='2486', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1732464000000', pubDateStr='2024-11-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1782460038455, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782815269280, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1278783182988358204, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1277293236137890180, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1278783182988358205, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1277293236137890180, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=2298, endPage=2304, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1277293251367404318, articleId=1277293251069608732, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=EN, title=Sequence and Function Analysis of DlCHS9 Related to Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in Longan, columnId=1236256430337085821, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, columnName=Omics & Biotechnology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Chalcone synthase is a crucial enzyme in the initial stage of the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway. To explore the biological functions of our previously identified chalcone synthase coding gene DlCHS9 from longan, which is associated with anthocyanin accumulation, DlCHS9-SX and DlCHS9-HP from Shixia and Hongpi longan, were cloned respectively. Amino acid sequences of DlCHS9-SX and DlCHS9-HP were compared and found to differ only at position 328, which was not a key active site. Subsequently, an expression vector was created, and the Agrobacterium-mediated leaf disc method was used to introduce DlCHS9-SX into wild tobacco. The anthocyanin content in the petals of transgenic tobacco was notably higher than that in the wild type, suggesting that the DlCHS9-SX gene enhances anthocyanin accumulation in tobacco petals. The promoter sequences of the two DlCHS9 genes revealed a similarity of 96.2%. Compared to the promoter of DlCHS9-HP, the promoter of DlCHS9-SX had 32 SNPs, 14 base insertions, and 12 base deletions. Specifically, the DlCHS9-SX promoter contained an additional abscisic acid responsive element (ABRE), one fewer light-responsive element (Box4), one less low temperature-responsive element (LTR), and one less MYC transcription factor binding site. In conclusion, DlCHS9-SX plays a pivotal role as a structural gene in longan anthocyanin biosynthesis. The differences in the DlCHS9 promoter in Shixia longan may contribute to its lower expression level.

, authors=null, authorsList=Yanhong LI, Qin CAI, Wei SHEN, Lina DU, Zhe CHEN, Fang TAN, Biao LAI, Fuchu HU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Fuchu HU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1277293252554392362, articleId=1277293251069608732, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=CN, title=龙眼花色素苷生物合成相关基因DlCHS9的序列与功能分析, columnId=1236256430517440904, journalTitle=热带作物学报, columnName=组学与生物技术, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

查尔酮合成酶(chalcone synthase, CHS)是植物类黄酮化合物合成途径的第一个关键酶。前期在龙眼(Dimocarpus longan Lour.)中鉴定了与花色素苷合成密切相关的DlCHS9,发现与红皮龙眼相比,其在石硖龙眼果皮中的表达水平较低。为了进一步探究DlCHS9的生物学功能,本研究分别克隆石硖龙眼DlCHS9-SX和红皮龙眼DlCHS9-HP基因,氨基酸序列比对分析发现,二者仅在第328位氨基酸位点有差异,但该位点并不是关键酶活性位点。进一步构建植物表达载体,并采用农杆菌介导的叶盘法将DlCHS9-SX转入烟草。结果表明,转基因烟草花瓣更红,花色素苷含量更高,说明DlCHS9-SX超表达能促进烟草花瓣花色素苷的积累。分析DlCHS9的启动子序列表明,相似度为96.2%,与DlCHS9-HP的启动子相比,DlCHS9-SX的启动子有32个SNP、14个碱基插入和12个碱基删除,多1个脱落酸响应元件(ABRE),少1个光反应元件(Box4)、1个低温响应元件(LTR)和1个MYC转录因子结合元件。综上所述,DlCHS9-SX是石硖龙眼花色素苷合成的关键结构基因之一,而其启动子序列与红皮龙眼差异较大,可能是其在石硖果皮中表达较低的重要原因之一。

, authors=

李艳红(2003—),女,本科生,研究方向:生物工程。

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* 胡福初(HU Fuchu),E-mail:
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李艳红(2003—),女,本科生,研究方向:生物工程。

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Plant and Cell Physiology, 2010, 51(3): 463-474., articleTitle=Two R2R3-MYB genes, homologs of petunia AN2, regulate anthocyanin biosyntheses in flower tepals, tepal spots and leaves of Asiatic hybrid Lily, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1277293262801077104, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277293251069608732, awardId=HAAS2022PT0109, language=CN, fundingSource=海南省热带果树生物学重点实验室开放课题项目(HAAS2022PT0109), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1277293262868185969, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277293251069608732, awardId=COMAITS202305, language=CN, fundingSource=重庆市现代农业产业技术体系项目(COMAITS202305), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1277293262939489138, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277293251069608732, awardId=KJQN202101442, language=CN, fundingSource=重庆市教育委员会科学技术研究项目(KJQN202101442), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1277293252734747436, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277293251069608732, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1277293252738941741, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277293251069608732, companyId=1277293252734747436, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.Institute of Tropical Fruit Trees, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources Evaluation and Utilization of Tropical Fruits and Vegetables (Co-construction by Ministry and Province and Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) / Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Tree Biology of Hainan Province / Haikou Scientific Observation and Experimental Station for Tropical Fruit Trees, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Haikou, Hainan 571100, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1277293252747330350, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277293251069608732, companyId=1277293252734747436, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.海南省农业科学院热带果树研究所/农业农村部热带果蔬遗传资源评价利用重点实验室(部省共建)/海南省热带果树生物学重点实验室/农业农村部海口热带果树科学观测实验站,海南海口 571100)]), AuthorCompany(id=1277293252835410735, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277293251069608732, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1277293252843799344, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277293251069608732, companyId=1277293252835410735, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.School of Advanced Agriculture and Bioengineering, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408100, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1277293252852187953, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277293251069608732, companyId=1277293252835410735, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.长江师范学院现代农业与生物工程学院,重庆 408100)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1277293261576340324, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277293251069608732, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Multiple sequence alignment of DlCHS9 with CHS proteins from other plants

The four conserved active sites of the polyketide synthase are marked in the red box; The pattern sequence (WGVLFGPGLT) of CHS is highlighted in the yellow box; the amino acid residues that shape the geometry of 13 the active sites are highlighted in the blue box; The differences in amino acid residues between DlCHS9-SX and DlCHS9-HP are highlighted in the green box. GenBank register number: Litchi chinensis (AtTT4: GU288820.1), Gerbera hybrida (GhCHS1: Z38096.1; GhCHS3: Z38098.1), Arabidopsis ihaliana (AtTT4: AT5G13930),Zea mays (ZmC2: X60205.1; ZmWhp: X60204.1).

, figureFileSmall=1LDc1cgLJzLSgOElKA18CQ==, figureFileBig=m/MAMtks8nG7A1wM25qRuA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277293261630866277, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277293251069608732, language=CN, label=图1, caption=DlCHS9与其他植物CHS蛋白多序列比对分析

红色框内为聚酮合成酶的4个保守的活性位点;黄色框内为CHS的模式序列(WGVLFGPGLT);蓝色框内为13个塑造活性位点几何结构的氨基酸残基;绿色框内为DlCHS9-SX和DlCHS9-HP的氨基酸的差异位点。基因登录号:荔枝(AtTT4:GU288820.1)、非洲菊(GhCHS1:Z38096.1;GhCHS3:Z38098.1)、拟南芥(AtTT4:AT5G13930)、玉米(ZmC2:X60205.1;ZmWhp:X60204.1)。

, figureFileSmall=1LDc1cgLJzLSgOElKA18CQ==, figureFileBig=m/MAMtks8nG7A1wM25qRuA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277293261962216294, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277293251069608732, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Mapping of overexpression vector for DlCHS9-SX, figureFileSmall=mTRRggXJnFPE3xCnyAUQhg==, figureFileBig=Y/A7JXc6Kkwjt8YtHGdXhA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277293262029325159, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277293251069608732, language=CN, label=图2, caption=DlCHS9-SX超表达载体图谱, figureFileSmall=mTRRggXJnFPE3xCnyAUQhg==, figureFileBig=Y/A7JXc6Kkwjt8YtHGdXhA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277293262092239720, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277293251069608732, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=PCR identification analysis of the DlCHS9-SX gene in tobacco

A: PCR amplification results using the specific primers of tobacco reference gene actin; B: PCR amplification results using the specific primers of DlCHS9-SX gene; M: DL1500 DNA maker; 1-3: cDNA templates from transgenic tobacco petals of Line 3, Line 10, and Line 27; 4: Recombinant plasmid pSAK277-DlCHS9-SX as template; 5: cDNA template from wild-type tobacco petals; 6: Sterile water as template.

, figureFileSmall=XLnE5EyoYB5KjYmr6BRSkw==, figureFileBig=b9Rha1IQV9etJwwgi1gp9w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277293262184514409, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277293251069608732, language=CN, label=图3, caption=DlCHS9-SX基因烟草的PCR鉴定分析

A:使用烟草内参基因actin特异引物的PCR扩增结果;B:使用DlCHS9-SX基因特异引物的PCR扩增结果;M:DL1500 DNA maker,1~3:以Line 3、Line 10和Line 27株转基因烟草花瓣的cDNA为模版;4:以重组质粒pSAK277-DlCHS9-SX为模版;5:以野生型烟草花瓣cDNA为模版;6:以无菌水为模板。

, figureFileSmall=XLnE5EyoYB5KjYmr6BRSkw==, figureFileBig=b9Rha1IQV9etJwwgi1gp9w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277293262255817578, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277293251069608732, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Phenotypic characteristics and anthocyanin content of tobacco petals transformed with DlCHS9-SX gene

A: Phenotypic characteristics of tobacco petals transformed with the DlCHS9-SX gene; W38 represents wild-type tobacco petals; Line 3, Line 10, and Line 27 represent transgenic tobacco petals. B: Analysis of anthocyanin content in tobacco petals transformed with the DlCHS9-SX gene; Different lowercase letters represent extremely significant difference (P<0.001).

, figureFileSmall=LPeOWprEjlrv+tgerCxxhA==, figureFileBig=xbELw2ZENGUs9aeq1eVCvw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277293262331315051, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277293251069608732, language=CN, label=图4, caption=DlCHS9-SX基因烟草花瓣的表型及花色素苷含量

A:DlCHS9-SX转基因烟草花瓣表型;W38为野生型烟草花瓣;Line 3、Line 10和Line 27为转基因烟草花瓣。B:DlCHS9-SX转基因烟草花瓣花色素苷含量分析;不同小写字母代表差异极显著(P<0.001)。

, figureFileSmall=LPeOWprEjlrv+tgerCxxhA==, figureFileBig=xbELw2ZENGUs9aeq1eVCvw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277293262406812524, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277293251069608732, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Analysis of cis-acting elements in promoter region of DlCHS9 gene in Shixia and Hongpi longan

The solid box outlines the identical cis-acting elements in the promoter of DlCHS9 gene; The colorful shading indicates cis-acting elements present exclusively in the promoter of DlCHS9 gene from Shixia or Hongpi longan.

, figureFileSmall=8lEumYd6zG4RUCfO3vAXIw==, figureFileBig=WcdHNZjlpX5Ay8FmWX11mw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277293262473921389, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277293251069608732, language=CN, label=图5, caption=石硖龙眼和红皮龙眼DlCHS9基因启动子顺式作用元件分析

方框内为DlCHS9启动子相同顺式作用元件;有颜色底纹为石峡或红皮龙眼DlCHS9启动子单独含有顺式作用元件。

, figureFileSmall=8lEumYd6zG4RUCfO3vAXIw==, figureFileBig=WcdHNZjlpX5Ay8FmWX11mw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277293262549418862, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277293251069608732, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Primers sequence used in this study

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
引物名称Primer name引物序列(5′-3′)Primer sequence (5′-3′)用途Usage
DlCHS9-FCTAGTGGATCCAAAGATGGCATCAATTGAACAAATCAGG超表达载体构建
DlCHS9-RACTCTAGAAGTACTCTCAGTGAGCTGCCTGAATTGGG
proDlCHS9-FTAGGGCGAATTGGGTACCGTGTAAGTTACAAGTGTATCG启动子扩增
proDlCHS9-RTATCGATACCGTCGACCGCCATTTTTGTGCGTAGTGATC
NtActin-FAATGGAACTGGAATGGTCAAGGC烟草内参基因检测
NtActin-RTGCCAGATCTTCTCCATGTCATCCCA
DlCHS9-SX-FGCTTTGCTGGTGGGACAGDlCHS9-SX基因半定量检测
DlCHS9-SX-RCTCGGAACAGACGACAAGG
), ArticleFig(id=1277293262692025199, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277293251069608732, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

本研究使用的引物序列

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
引物名称Primer name引物序列(5′-3′)Primer sequence (5′-3′)用途Usage
DlCHS9-FCTAGTGGATCCAAAGATGGCATCAATTGAACAAATCAGG超表达载体构建
DlCHS9-RACTCTAGAAGTACTCTCAGTGAGCTGCCTGAATTGGG
proDlCHS9-FTAGGGCGAATTGGGTACCGTGTAAGTTACAAGTGTATCG启动子扩增
proDlCHS9-RTATCGATACCGTCGACCGCCATTTTTGTGCGTAGTGATC
NtActin-FAATGGAACTGGAATGGTCAAGGC烟草内参基因检测
NtActin-RTGCCAGATCTTCTCCATGTCATCCCA
DlCHS9-SX-FGCTTTGCTGGTGGGACAGDlCHS9-SX基因半定量检测
DlCHS9-SX-RCTCGGAACAGACGACAAGG
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龙眼花色素苷生物合成相关基因DlCHS9的序列与功能分析
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李艳红 2 , 蔡芹 2 , 沈薇 2 , 杜丽娜 2 , 陈哲 1 , 谭芳 2 , 赖彪 2 , 胡福初 1, *
热带作物学报 | 组学与生物技术 2024,45(11): 2298-2304
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热带作物学报 |组学与生物技术 2024 , 45 (11) : 2298 -2304
龙眼花色素苷生物合成相关基因DlCHS9的序列与功能分析
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李艳红2, 蔡芹2, 沈薇2, 杜丽娜2, 陈哲1, 谭芳2, 赖彪2, 胡福初1, *
作者信息
  • 1.海南省农业科学院热带果树研究所/农业农村部热带果蔬遗传资源评价利用重点实验室(部省共建)/海南省热带果树生物学重点实验室/农业农村部海口热带果树科学观测实验站,海南海口 571100
  • 2.长江师范学院现代农业与生物工程学院,重庆 408100
通讯作者:
* 胡福初(HU Fuchu),E-mail:
Sequence and Function Analysis of DlCHS9 Related to Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in Longan
Yanhong LI2, Qin CAI2, Wei SHEN2, Lina DU2, Zhe CHEN1, Fang TAN2, Biao LAI2, Fuchu HU1, *
Affiliations
  • 1.Institute of Tropical Fruit Trees, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources Evaluation and Utilization of Tropical Fruits and Vegetables (Co-construction by Ministry and Province and Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) / Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Tree Biology of Hainan Province / Haikou Scientific Observation and Experimental Station for Tropical Fruit Trees, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Haikou, Hainan 571100, China
  • 2.School of Advanced Agriculture and Bioengineering, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408100, China
出版时间: 2024-11-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.11.007
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查尔酮合成酶(chalcone synthase, CHS)是植物类黄酮化合物合成途径的第一个关键酶。前期在龙眼(Dimocarpus longan Lour.)中鉴定了与花色素苷合成密切相关的DlCHS9,发现与红皮龙眼相比,其在石硖龙眼果皮中的表达水平较低。为了进一步探究DlCHS9的生物学功能,本研究分别克隆石硖龙眼DlCHS9-SX和红皮龙眼DlCHS9-HP基因,氨基酸序列比对分析发现,二者仅在第328位氨基酸位点有差异,但该位点并不是关键酶活性位点。进一步构建植物表达载体,并采用农杆菌介导的叶盘法将DlCHS9-SX转入烟草。结果表明,转基因烟草花瓣更红,花色素苷含量更高,说明DlCHS9-SX超表达能促进烟草花瓣花色素苷的积累。分析DlCHS9的启动子序列表明,相似度为96.2%,与DlCHS9-HP的启动子相比,DlCHS9-SX的启动子有32个SNP、14个碱基插入和12个碱基删除,多1个脱落酸响应元件(ABRE),少1个光反应元件(Box4)、1个低温响应元件(LTR)和1个MYC转录因子结合元件。综上所述,DlCHS9-SX是石硖龙眼花色素苷合成的关键结构基因之一,而其启动子序列与红皮龙眼差异较大,可能是其在石硖果皮中表达较低的重要原因之一。

龙眼  /  DlCHS9  /  烟草  /  花色素苷

Chalcone synthase is a crucial enzyme in the initial stage of the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway. To explore the biological functions of our previously identified chalcone synthase coding gene DlCHS9 from longan, which is associated with anthocyanin accumulation, DlCHS9-SX and DlCHS9-HP from Shixia and Hongpi longan, were cloned respectively. Amino acid sequences of DlCHS9-SX and DlCHS9-HP were compared and found to differ only at position 328, which was not a key active site. Subsequently, an expression vector was created, and the Agrobacterium-mediated leaf disc method was used to introduce DlCHS9-SX into wild tobacco. The anthocyanin content in the petals of transgenic tobacco was notably higher than that in the wild type, suggesting that the DlCHS9-SX gene enhances anthocyanin accumulation in tobacco petals. The promoter sequences of the two DlCHS9 genes revealed a similarity of 96.2%. Compared to the promoter of DlCHS9-HP, the promoter of DlCHS9-SX had 32 SNPs, 14 base insertions, and 12 base deletions. Specifically, the DlCHS9-SX promoter contained an additional abscisic acid responsive element (ABRE), one fewer light-responsive element (Box4), one less low temperature-responsive element (LTR), and one less MYC transcription factor binding site. In conclusion, DlCHS9-SX plays a pivotal role as a structural gene in longan anthocyanin biosynthesis. The differences in the DlCHS9 promoter in Shixia longan may contribute to its lower expression level.

Dimocarpus longan Lour  /  DlCHS9  /  tobacco  /  anthocyanin
李艳红, 蔡芹, 沈薇, 杜丽娜, 陈哲, 谭芳, 赖彪, 胡福初. 龙眼花色素苷生物合成相关基因DlCHS9的序列与功能分析. 热带作物学报, 2024 , 45 (11) : 2298 -2304 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.11.007
Yanhong LI, Qin CAI, Wei SHEN, Lina DU, Zhe CHEN, Fang TAN, Biao LAI, Fuchu HU. Sequence and Function Analysis of DlCHS9 Related to Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in Longan[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2024 , 45 (11) : 2298 -2304 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.11.007
果实颜色是决定果实品质和影响商品价值的重要因素之一。丰富多样的果实颜色深受消费者的喜爱,也是育种者的重要育种目标。花色素苷是果实重要的呈色黄酮类物质。花色素苷生物合成途径是植物类黄酮代谢途径的一个分支,是通过多个基因参与的苯丙氨酸途径。查尔酮合成酶基因(chalcone synthase, CHS)是该途径核心阶段的第一个关键结构基因,属于花色素苷生物合成的早期合成基因[1]。在许多物种如萝卜[2]、鸳鸯茉莉[3]、小苍兰[4]等研究均表明CHS的表达水平与不同组织花色素苷的积累量密切相关。花色素苷生物合成的结构基因受到MYB、bHLH和WD40这3类转录因子的调控[5]。研究表明,光在MYB转录因子对CHS基因调控的过程可能发挥了重要作用[6]
龙眼(Dimocarpus longan Lour)是无患子科龙眼属植物,是中国南方地区重要的经济果树作物。我国主栽的龙眼品种果皮通常呈现黄褐色或者黄灰色,色泽单一,限制了果实生物学特征的多样性和市场潜力。而在东南亚地区有一个果皮呈红色的红皮龙眼野生品种,它的发现增加了龙眼果实颜色类型并为龙眼新品种培育提供了候选材料[7]。YI等[8]研究表明红皮龙眼果皮的红色主要因为花色素苷的积累。本研究前期发现龙眼基因组中DlCHS有8个成员,其中DlCHS9的表达水平与红皮龙眼和石硖龙眼各组织的花色素苷含量呈正相关,且DlCHS9在红皮龙眼果皮中的表达水平明显高于石硖龙眼果皮,因此DlCHS9是龙眼花色素苷的生物合成的关键基因[9]。为了进一步探究龙眼DlCHS9的生物学功能,本研究以石硖龙眼(SX)和红皮龙眼(HP)为材料,分析DlCHS9氨基酸序列差异,进一步转化烟草分析DlCHS9-SX功能,并比较二者的启动子序列。本研究为探明普通龙眼果皮不积累花色素苷的分子机理奠定基础。
石硖龙眼、红皮龙眼叶片样品采自重庆市涪陵区长江师范学院校内龙眼基地。样品采集后使用液氮迅速冷冻,并置于-80 ℃冰箱保存备用。
利用CTAB法提取石硖龙眼、红皮龙眼和转基因烟草植株叶片DNA。使用Magen公司的Hipure Plant RNA Mini Kit试剂盒分别提取石硖龙眼叶片、红皮龙眼叶片、烟草W38的RNA。采用TaKaRa的SuperScipt OneStep RT-PCR System试剂盒进行RNA反转录合成第1条链cDNA。
根据前期获得的转录组序列,设计特异引物DlCHS9-F和DlCHS9-R(表1),分别以石硖龙眼叶片的cDNA和泰国红皮龙眼叶片的cDNA为模板进行特异PCR扩增,然后将得到的片段通过Gibson组装的方法分别重组到EcoRⅠ和XhoⅠ线性化的pSAK277载体上,将连接产物分别转化大肠杆菌感受态细胞DH5α,经菌落PCR初筛,将阳性质粒送至华大基因进行序列测定。
根据龙眼基因组数据库查找选取DlCHS9基因的上游2000 bp当作启动子序列,设计特异引物proDlCHS9-F和proDlCHS9-R(表1),分别以石硖龙眼的DNA和红皮龙眼的DNA为模板进行特异PCR扩增,纯化后连接到用KpnⅠ和XhoⅠ双酶切线性化的pGreen-0800-luc载体上。同上述将连接产物分别转化大肠杆菌而后将筛选阳性质粒送至华大基因进行序列测定。
使用Clustal X软件进行氨基酸序列的比对分析。利用PlantCARE(https://bioinformatics.psb.ugent.be/webtools/plantcare/html/)在线预测网站预测启动子上的顺式作用元件。
使用EcoRⅠ和XhoⅠ对质粒pSAK277双酶切获得线性化pSAK277载体片段,通过Gibson组装的方法将PEG纯化后的DlCHS9-SX基因重组到线性化的pSAK277载体上获得超表达载体。利用化学农杆菌感受态转化方法转化农杆菌感受态细胞GV3101。利用农杆菌介导的叶盘法转化野生型烟草[10]
利用pH差示法测定烟草花瓣中花色素苷的含量,参照WEI等[11]的方法进行测定,具体步骤为:分别取3个生物学重复花瓣样品于1 mL浸提液(甲醇∶水∶浓盐酸=85∶12∶3)中,室温避光充分浸提。取0.1 mL浸提液分别加入2支试管中,分别加入0.4 mL Buffer 1[0.2 mol/L KCl∶0.2 mol/L HCl(25∶67),pH 1]和Buffer 2[1 mol/L NaAc∶0.4 mol/L HCI(100∶150),pH 5],用酶标仪分别测定其在530 nm处的吸光值(OD)。根据公式计算,花色素苷含量(mg/g)=DOD530×5×1×445.2/(29 600×W);式中,5为稀释倍数,1为提取液体积(mL),445.2为矢车菊素-3-葡萄糖苷的相对分子质量,29 600为矢车菊素-3-葡萄糖苷的摩尔比吸收系数,W为样品质量(g)。
利用Microsoft Excel 2016软件计算W38和DlCHS9-SX转基因植株花瓣花色素苷含量的平均值及标准误差。利用Sigmaplot 14.0软件分别对W38和DlCHS9-SX转基因植株各株系数据点进行T测试,明确是否存在显著性差异。
根据前期通过全基因组鉴定到的可能参与龙眼花色素苷生物合成的关键DlCHS9的序列设计特异引物[9],分别以石硖和红皮龙眼叶片的cDNA为模板进行PCR扩增。测序结果分析发现2个DlCHS9基因的开放阅读框长度均为1182 bp,编码了393个氨基酸,分别命名为DlCHS9-SX和DlCHS9-HP,二者核苷酸序列相似度高达98.82%,在14个核苷酸位点存在差异。
使用Clustal X软件,将DlCHS9-SX和DlCHS9-HP推测氨基酸序列与荔枝(Litchi chinensis)的LcCHS、非洲菊(Gerbera hybrida)的GhCHS1、GhCHS3、玉米(Zea mays)的ZmC2和ZmWhp、拟南荞(Arabidopsis ihaliana)的AtTT4的6个CHS同源基因氨基酸序列进行比对分析,保守位点预测分析参考蒋雅欣等[9]的方法,发现8个CHS均含有4个保守的活性位点氨基酸残基(红色方框)、典型的13个惰性活性位点(蓝色方框)、CHS的特征序列(WGVLFGFGPGLT)(黄色方框)。而DlCHS9-SX和DlCHS9-HP氨基酸序列仅在328位点上存在差异,DlCHS9-SX的氨基酸为谷氨酸(glutamic acid, E),DlCHS9-HP的328位氨基酸为天冬氨酸(aspartic acid, D)(绿色方框),而该位点不是关键活性位点(图1),因此,初步推测DlCHS9-SX在该位点氨基酸的差异可能对其基因功能无影响。
将利用特异引物扩增得到的DlCHS9-SX基因片段通过Gibson组装的方法重组到超表达载体pSAK277上,阳性克隆质粒测序分析结果正确,表明超表达载体已成功构建,同时利用SnapGene软件绘制pSAK277-DlCHS9-SX重组质粒图谱(图2)。
为进一步验证DlCHS9-SX是否参与龙眼花色素苷生物合成,将重组质粒转化农杆菌感受态细胞GV3101中,利用农杆菌介导的叶盘法转化野生型烟草共获得29株抗性植株,提取转基因烟草植株叶片DNA并进行目的基因PCR检测,有阳性植株23株,阳性率为79%。选取3株阳性植株进一步分析。以转基因烟草花瓣cDNA为模板(重组质粒为阳性对照,野生型烟草为阴性对照,无菌水为空白对照)检测烟草内参基因(图3A)和DlCHS9-SX图3B)是否表达。结果表明3株转化植株中的DlCHS9-SX基因在花瓣中成功表达。
图4A可以看出,转基因的3个株系烟草花瓣明显比对照更红。进一步利用pH差示法测定了野生型W38和转基因烟草花瓣中花色素苷的含量。结果显示,3个转基因株系花瓣花色素苷含量均显著高于野生型。其中10号株系花瓣的花色素苷含量最高(0.074 mg/g),为野生型的4.37倍;3号株系花瓣花色素苷含量为野生型的3.17倍;27号株系花瓣花色素苷含量为野生型的3.08倍(图4B)。表明DlCHS9-SX基因在烟草中异源表达促进了花瓣花色素苷的积累。
进一步分别克隆了石硖DlCHS9-SX的启动子序列与红皮龙眼DlCHS9-HP的启动子序列,比对发现它们的相似度高达96.2%,与DlCHS9-HP的启动子序列相比,DlCHS9-SX的启动子有32个SNP、14个碱基插入和12个碱基删除(图5)。利用PlantCARE植物启动子在线预测网站对DlCHS9-SX的启动子和DlCHS9-HP的启动子进行分析,结果发现,2条启动子序列除含有核心启动子元件(TATA-Box、CAAT-Box)之外,还存在一些其他重要顺式作用元件。这些元件的功能包括参与脱落酸响应(ABRE)、光反应(G-box、ACE、GA-motif、Box 4)、脱氧诱导(ARE)、茉莉酸甲酯(MeJA)响应(CGTCA-motif、TGACG-motif)和种子特异性调控(RY-element)等。与DlCHS9-HP的启动子相比,DlCHS9-SX的启动子多1个脱落酸响应的顺式作用元件(ABRE)(紫色底纹),缺少1个光照响应(Box 4)(浅绿色底纹)、1个低温响应(LTR)(绿色底纹)和1个MYC转录因子结合位点(蓝色底纹)顺式元件,但均含有与查尔酮合成酶调控功能相关的顺式作用元件,包括MYB转录因子结合位点顺式元件,MYC转录因子结合位点顺式元件等(图5)。推测DlCHS9基因的启动子序列差异可能是引起石硖DlCHS9表达水平低的原因之一。
CHS负责催化3分子的丙二酰-CoA和1分子的对香豆酰-CoA结合形成查尔酮,该反应是类黄酮合成途径的关键限速步骤[12]CHS基因在植物中通常以多基因家族的形式存在,但其中只有少数成员与植物花色素苷合成密切相关。非洲菊(Gerbera hybrida)中GCHS1GCHS4与花色素苷合成有关,当沉默GCHS1时花瓣变为白色[13]。李文飞等[14]从红皮香蕉和天宝香蕉中发现了4个差异表达的MaCHS可能是红皮香蕉花色素苷积累的重要原因。本研究前期从龙眼中鉴定到8个DlCHS家族成员,通过基因表达分析筛选出了与花色素苷合成紧密相关的DlCHS9[9]。本研究发现石硖龙眼DlCHS9-SX和红皮龙眼DlCHS9-HP的核苷酸相似度达98.82%,仅有14个位点存在差异。王志彬等[15]的研究中也发现CHS在不同种质的柑橘中的核苷酸序列高度保守,相似性达98%以上。而氨基酸序列分析发现二者均仅在328位氨基酸位点有差异,且该位点不在关键活性位点。有研究发现CHS关键位点的差异会导致其功能差异,例如,紫罗兰(Matthiola incana)白花突变体是由于CHS其中一个编码精氨酸的AGG变成了编码丝氨酸的AGT,从而导致CHS失去生理活性而影响花色素的形成[16]。本研究转DlCHS9-SX基因烟草的花冠花色素苷含量明显更高,颜色更红。可见,石硖和红皮龙眼中CHS单个氨基酸的差异并未影响其诱导花色素苷的积累的功能。
花色素苷生物合成受到转录因子的调控、激素信号(乙烯、赤霉素和脱落酸等)和环境胁迫(光照、温度、水分及机械损伤等)的影响[17]。作为包含花色素苷在内的类黄酮物质合成的第一个关键酶基因,CHS属于诱导表达型,其在转录水平也受到转录因子、激素、光等因素的影响[18]。在多种植物的CHS启动子的研究中发现MYB和MYC(bHLH)转录因子可以与CHS启动子直接结合从而调控其表达[19-21]。本研究DlCHS9-SXDlCHS9-HP的启动子顺式作用元件均含有MYB转录因子结合位点顺式元件,MYC转录因子结合位点等顺式元件,但也存在多个差异的与激素、光、温度等响应的顺式作用元件及转录因子结合位点元件,而这些差异可能会引起DlCHS9-SX的表达差异。因此,DlCHS9基因的启动子序列差异可能是引起石硖和红皮龙眼果实颜色差异的重要原因之一。
  • 海南省热带果树生物学重点实验室开放课题项目(HAAS2022PT0109)
  • 重庆市现代农业产业技术体系项目(COMAITS202305)
  • 重庆市教育委员会科学技术研究项目(KJQN202101442)
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.11.007
  • 接收时间:2024-05-27
  • 首发时间:2026-06-26
  • 出版时间:2024-11-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-05-27
  • 修回日期:2024-06-05
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海南省热带果树生物学重点实验室开放课题项目(HAAS2022PT0109)
重庆市现代农业产业技术体系项目(COMAITS202305)
重庆市教育委员会科学技术研究项目(KJQN202101442)
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    1.海南省农业科学院热带果树研究所/农业农村部热带果蔬遗传资源评价利用重点实验室(部省共建)/海南省热带果树生物学重点实验室/农业农村部海口热带果树科学观测实验站,海南海口 571100
    2.长江师范学院现代农业与生物工程学院,重庆 408100

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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