Article(id=1276844480779121279, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276844393709568941, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.10.013, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1709481600000, receivedDateStr=2024-03-04, revisedDate=1712678400000, revisedDateStr=2024-04-10, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1782353046841, onlineDateStr=2026-06-25, pubDate=1729785600000, pubDateStr=2024-10-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1782353046841, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-25, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1782353046841, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1782353046841, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1276844393709568941, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, year='2024', volume='45', issue='10', pageStart='1999', pageEnd='2242', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1729785600000', pubDateStr='2024-10-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1782353026082, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782355588483, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1276855141311574992, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276844393709568941, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1276855141311574993, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276844393709568941, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=2117, endPage=2128, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1276844481219523201, articleId=1276844480779121279, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=EN, title=Effects of Short-term Waterlogging Stress and Stress Relief on Physiology and Yield of Noni (Morinda citrifolia L.), columnId=1236256434120348225, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, columnName=Plant Cultivation, Physiology & Biochemistry, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Hainan is the main producing area of noni in China. Short-term waterlogging stress is caused by typhoons occuring frequently in summer. However, there are few studies on the physiological response of noni to short-term waterlogging stress and after stress relief, and the effect of stress on yield is still unclear. In this study, Noni seedlings growing for 6 months were used as the experimental materials, and short-term waterlogging stress was simulated by potted continuous immersion for 15 days. Dry weight, net photosynthetic rate (Pn), proline (Pro) content of leaves, root activity (TTC), root malondialdehyde (MDA), peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured at 1st, 3rd, 7th, 10th and 15th days after waterlogging. The relevant indexes were measured on the 1st, 7th and 15th day after stress relief, and the yield of waterlogged and non-waterlogged plots in the main producing areas was measured for 3 consecutive years. The results showed that the physiological response of Noni after waterlogging stress was rapid. Compared with non-waterlogging control treatment, the net photosynthetic rate of leaves decreased on the 1st day of waterlogging, the content of Pro increased, the content of MDA in roots increased, the root activity decreased, and the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as POD and SOD increased. All the indexes changed significantly in the first 7 days. However, after 7 days, the changes of TTC and SOD activity of roots remained significant, but the changes of other indexes were slow, indicating that leaves and roots gradually adopted corresponding strategies to adapt to waterlogging stress. The biomass root shoot ratio of Noni remained unchanged at the initial stage of waterlogging, but decreased significantly after 3 days, which also reflected that Noni plants had responded to waterlogging stress in a short period of time. After the stress was relieved, the physiological processes gradually recovered, and at 15 days, Noni photosynthesis and root activity basically recovered, but the content of peroxides such as MDA was still significantly higher than that of the control, indicating that the toxic effect of peroxides formed under early stress was difficult to eliminate in the short term. The multi-year yield of main producing areas shows that short-term but frequent waterlogging stress can lead to a significant decrease in yield, which is 21.64%–35.21%, which may be related to peroxide toxicity caused by stress. In summary, short-term waterlogging stress not only has a great impact on the physiological process of noni during stress, but also its adverse effects persisted for a long time after the stress is lifted, thereby affecting crop growth and yield. Therefore, for planting noni, the plots with higher terrain and better drainage should be in priority. In water-prone planting areas, water should be drained within 72 hours to minimize the adverse impact.

, authors=null, authorsList=Yaqi ZHAO, Changyue WANG, Jianfeng YANG, Xinxin WANG, Baogui ZHANG, Zhigang LI, Chao ZU, Xiaoai CHEN, Yanjun ZHANG, Mengyi TAN, Honghao WANG, Tian WU, Can WANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Can WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1276844485887783585, articleId=1276844480779121279, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=CN, title=短期淹水胁迫和解除胁迫对诺丽生理及产量的影响, columnId=1236256434313286224, journalTitle=热带作物学报, columnName=作物栽培与生理生化, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

海南是我国诺丽主产区,夏季台风导致的短期淹水胁迫频发,但目前鲜有诺丽应对短期淹水胁迫和胁迫解除后生理响应研究,且胁迫对产量的影响尚不明晰。本研究以生长6个月的诺丽幼苗为试验材料,采用盆栽连续浸没15 d的方法模拟短期淹水胁迫,在淹水后第1、3、7、10、15天时测定植株地上部和地下部干重、叶片净光合速率(Pn)、脯氨酸(Pro)含量、根系活力(TTC)、根系丙二醛(MDA)、过氧化物酶(POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)等指标,并于解除胁迫后第1、7、15天测定相关指标,在主产区选取淹水和不淹水地块连续3 a测定产量。结果表明:诺丽受淹水胁迫后生理响应迅速,较不淹水对照处理,淹水第1天时叶片Pn下降,Pro含量增加,根系中MDA含量上升,根系活性下降,POD和SOD等抗氧化酶活性增加,这些指标在前7 d内均变化显著。而7 d后,除TTC和SOD活性仍显著变化外,其他指标的变化程度趋缓,表明叶片和根系逐步适应淹水胁迫;诺丽生物量根冠比(RSR)在淹水初期保持不变,但在3 d后显著下降,也在一定程度反映了诺丽植株短期内即已响应淹水胁迫;胁迫解除后各生理过程逐步恢复,在15 d时,诺丽光合作用、TTC基本恢复,但MDA等过氧化物含量仍然显著高于对照,表明前期胁迫形成的过氧化物其毒害作用短期难以消除。主产区多年多点的产量也表明,短期但频繁的淹水胁迫会导致产量大幅下降,降幅在21.64%~35.21%,这可能与胁迫造成的过氧化物毒害有关。因此,短期淹水胁迫不仅在胁迫期间对诺丽生理过程有较大影响,而且在胁迫解除后其不利影响仍长期存在,从而影响植株生长与产量。因此,在种植诺丽时应考虑地势较高且排水较好的地块,并做好排水系统;在易积水种植区,应在72 h内排走积水,可将影响降至最低。

, authors=

赵雅琦(1999—),女,硕士,研究方向:热带作物栽培与生理生态。

, authorsList=赵雅琦, 王昌跃, 杨建峰, 王鑫鑫, 张宝贵, 李志刚, 祖超, 陈小爱, 张彦军, 谭梦怡, 王鸿浩, 吴田, 王灿, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=王灿, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 王灿(WANG Can),E-mail:
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赵雅琦(1999—),女,硕士,研究方向:热带作物栽培与生理生态。

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赵雅琦(1999—),女,硕士,研究方向:热带作物栽培与生理生态。

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Water stress: effects on growth and yield of soybean and the countermeasures[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2020, 36(27): 41-45. 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companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.Institute of Flavoured Beverages, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources Utilization of Spice and Beverage Crops, Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs / Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Quality Regulation for Tropical Spice and Beverage Crops, Wanning, Hainan 571533, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276844486240105125, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276844480779121279, companyId=1276844486122664611, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.中国热带农业科学院香料饮料研究所/农业农村部香辛饮料作物遗传资源利用重点实验室/海南省热带香辛饮料作物遗传改良与品质调控重点实验室,海南万宁 571533)]), AuthorCompany(id=1276844486332379814, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276844480779121279, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276844486344962727, tenantId=1146029695717560320, 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postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=5.西南林业大学园林园艺学院,云南昆明 650224)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1276844508516053765, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276844480779121279, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Yields of Noni in drylands and paddy fields at different locations from 2020 to 2022

Different capital letters indicate that there are significant difference in Noni yield among dryland fields in different locations (P<0.05), lowercase letters indicate that there are significant difference in Noni yield among paddy fields in different locations (P<0.05), ** indicates significant difference under different treatments (P<0.05).

, figureFileSmall=YmasY95nUy2W/WEps9jyPQ==, figureFileBig=MwurPFQkNdaCDN/l4EFjSA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276844508893541126, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276844480779121279, language=CN, label=图1, caption=2020—2022年不同地点旱地和水田中诺丽产量比较

不同大写字母表示不同地点旱地之间诺丽产量差异显著(P<0.05),不同小写字母表示不同地点水田之间诺丽产量差异显著(P<0.05),**表示不同处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。

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Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference among treatments (P<0.05).

, figureFileSmall=zOi/rIp/oVpbcarJx8mxtQ==, figureFileBig=+4CQf+YTeVGb1lRanVI7fA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276844509472355081, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276844480779121279, language=CN, label=图2, caption=淹水胁迫处理下诺丽各生理指标变化

不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=zOi/rIp/oVpbcarJx8mxtQ==, figureFileBig=+4CQf+YTeVGb1lRanVI7fA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276844509770150666, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276844480779121279, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Correlation between various physiological indicators of Noli under flooding stress

Straight and dashed lines in the figure represent positive and negative significant correlations respectively, the thicker the line, the greater the correlation, the thinner the line, the less correlation.

, figureFileSmall=U4d0V9oiDKs5fBNbhzQWNg==, figureFileBig=Ov0QuOkOSDl9+QAD0ki1zw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276844511439483659, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276844480779121279, language=CN, label=图3, caption=淹水胁迫下诺丽各生理指标之间的相关性

直线和虚线分别表示显著正相关和显著负相关,线条越粗表示相关程度越大,线条越细表示相关程度越小。

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Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference among treatments (P<0.05).

, figureFileSmall=RIa/QOB9Kj6Eb39UNA8mcw==, figureFileBig=YTCb5vWHcqpAhQjmPJZomg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276844511598867213, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276844480779121279, language=CN, label=图4, caption=解除淹水胁迫1 d(A)、7 d(B)、15 d(C)诺丽净光合速率变化

不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=RIa/QOB9Kj6Eb39UNA8mcw==, figureFileBig=YTCb5vWHcqpAhQjmPJZomg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276844511674364686, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276844480779121279, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Changes of root activity of noni under relief of waterlogging stress 1 d (A), 7 d (B), 15 d (C)

Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference among treatments (P<0.05).

, figureFileSmall=Vr47QniVs3tR+7r8mZLZuw==, figureFileBig=SQ2DdBcsq5ykpT8QZoh+QA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276844511741473551, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276844480779121279, language=CN, label=图5, caption=解除淹水胁迫1 d(A)、7 d(B)、15 d(C)诺丽根系活力变化

不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=Vr47QniVs3tR+7r8mZLZuw==, figureFileBig=SQ2DdBcsq5ykpT8QZoh+QA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276844511804388112, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276844480779121279, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=Changes of malondialdehyde content in noni root system under waterlogging stress relief 1 d (A), 7 d (B), 15 d (C)

Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference among treatments (P<0.05).

, figureFileSmall=7V4gXr0ML3lLcnQDSccvQQ==, figureFileBig=udDKJQECwLzH90A+omQqdA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276844511884079889, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276844480779121279, language=CN, label=图6, caption=解除淹水胁迫1 d(A)、7 d(B)、15 d(C)诺丽根系丙二醛含量变化

不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=7V4gXr0ML3lLcnQDSccvQQ==, figureFileBig=udDKJQECwLzH90A+omQqdA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276844511951188754, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276844480779121279, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=Changes of Proline content in noni leaves under relief of waterlogging stress 1 d (A), 7 d (B), 15 d (C)

Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference among treatments (P<0.05).

, figureFileSmall=r0J75rVIfc8tSicrkcijWg==, figureFileBig=h+VtIaZ4il9Rp+LtkBucow==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276844512022491923, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276844480779121279, language=CN, label=图7, caption=解除淹水胁迫1 d(A)、7 d(B)、15 d(C)诺丽叶片脯氨酸含量变化

不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=r0J75rVIfc8tSicrkcijWg==, figureFileBig=h+VtIaZ4il9Rp+LtkBucow==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276844512089600788, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276844480779121279, language=EN, label=Fig. 8, caption=Changes of peroxidase activity in noni root system under relief of waterlogging stress 1 d (A), 7 d (B), 15 d (C)

Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference among treatments (P<0.05).

, figureFileSmall=Ycrzcb14skbzjtH9VSAYGQ==, figureFileBig=tcGkbE0a7UnFKDVxpDJECQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276844512144126741, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276844480779121279, language=CN, label=图8, caption=解除淹水胁迫1 d(A)、7 d(B)、15 d(C)诺丽根系过氧化物酶活性变化

不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=Ycrzcb14skbzjtH9VSAYGQ==, figureFileBig=tcGkbE0a7UnFKDVxpDJECQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276844512211235606, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276844480779121279, language=EN, label=Fig. 9, caption=Changes of superoxide dismutase activity in noni root system under relief of waterlogging stress 1 d (A), 7 d (B), 15 d (C)

Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference among treatments (P<0.05).

, figureFileSmall=jKqSe0CFTQxHZ58fy0SqkQ==, figureFileBig=7qpq+2GslMmmLhriEcmvEQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276844512282538775, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276844480779121279, language=CN, label=图9, caption=解除淹水胁迫1 d(A)、7 d(B)、15 d(C)诺丽根系超氧化物歧化酶活性的变化

不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=jKqSe0CFTQxHZ58fy0SqkQ==, figureFileBig=7qpq+2GslMmmLhriEcmvEQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276844512345453336, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276844480779121279, language=EN, label=Fig. 10, caption=Correlation between various physiological indicators of Noli under the stress of relieving flooding

Straight and dashed lines in the figure represent positive and negative significant correlations respectively, the thicker the line, the greater the correlation, the thinner the line, the less correlation.

, figureFileSmall=b29pcUlNh3XCiJclgJiHFg==, figureFileBig=JIa4wRUeMAgw1WjLgfK4zg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276844512408367897, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276844480779121279, language=CN, label=图10, caption=解除淹水胁迫下诺丽各生理指标之间的相关性

直线和虚线分别表示显著正相关和显著负相关,线条越粗表示相关程度越大,线条越细表示相关程度越小。

, figureFileSmall=b29pcUlNh3XCiJclgJiHFg==, figureFileBig=JIa4wRUeMAgw1WjLgfK4zg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276844512462893850, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276844480779121279, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Results of multivariate analysis of variance

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
差异因素Difference factors平方和Sum of squaresdf均方Mean squareFP
地点22232413741080.436.7210.000**
处理11775400111775400583.4750.000**
年份4454.3422227.170.110.896
), ArticleFig(id=1276844512525808411, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276844480779121279, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

多因素方差分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
差异因素Difference factors平方和Sum of squaresdf均方Mean squareFP
地点22232413741080.436.7210.000**
处理11775400111775400583.4750.000**
年份4454.3422227.170.110.896
), ArticleFig(id=1276844512601305884, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276844480779121279, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Biomass index of Noni under waterlogging treatment

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
淹水时间Waterlogging time/d总生物量Total biomass/g地上部干重Dry weight of aboveground/g地下部干重Dry weight of underground/gRSR
0(CK)13.96±0.11ab9.83±3.25ab4.13±0.45a0.42±0.04a
112.24±0.06b8.56±2.98b3.68±0.06a0.43±0.03a
315.46±0.05a10.81±3.44a4.65±0.30a0.43±0.01a
712.17±0.24b8.82±2.99b3.35±0.04b0.38±0.06b
1012.54±0.13ab9.22±3.41a3.32±0.63b0.36±0.05b
1512.90±0.45ab9.70±3.53ab3.20±0.02b0.33±0.01b
), ArticleFig(id=1276844512668414749, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276844480779121279, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

淹水处理下诺丽生物量指标

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
淹水时间Waterlogging time/d总生物量Total biomass/g地上部干重Dry weight of aboveground/g地下部干重Dry weight of underground/gRSR
0(CK)13.96±0.11ab9.83±3.25ab4.13±0.45a0.42±0.04a
112.24±0.06b8.56±2.98b3.68±0.06a0.43±0.03a
315.46±0.05a10.81±3.44a4.65±0.30a0.43±0.01a
712.17±0.24b8.82±2.99b3.35±0.04b0.38±0.06b
1012.54±0.13ab9.22±3.41a3.32±0.63b0.36±0.05b
1512.90±0.45ab9.70±3.53ab3.20±0.02b0.33±0.01b
), ArticleFig(id=1276844512748106526, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276844480779121279, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

Total variance explained of initial eigenvalues and its contribution of variance

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
成分Components特征值Eigenvalue方差Variance/%累积贡献率Cumulative contribution rate/%
14.12051.50351.503
21.89723.70875.211
31.34316.78992.000
), ArticleFig(id=1276844512819409695, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276844480779121279, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

旋转后的相关系数矩阵特征值及其方差贡献率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
成分Components特征值Eigenvalue方差Variance/%累积贡献率Cumulative contribution rate/%
14.12051.50351.503
21.89723.70875.211
31.34316.78992.000
), ArticleFig(id=1276844512886518560, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276844480779121279, language=EN, label=Tab. 4, caption=

Total variance explained of initial eigenvalues and its contribution of variance

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
成分Components特征值Eigenvalue方差Variance/%累积贡献率Cumulative contribution rate/%
13.74846.85446.854
21.56319.53266.385
31.48518.56384.949
), ArticleFig(id=1276844512966210337, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276844480779121279, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

旋转后的相关系数矩阵特征值及其方差贡献率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
成分Components特征值Eigenvalue方差Variance/%累积贡献率Cumulative contribution rate/%
13.74846.85446.854
21.56319.53266.385
31.48518.56384.949
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短期淹水胁迫和解除胁迫对诺丽生理及产量的影响
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赵雅琦 1, 2 , 王昌跃 1, 3 , 杨建峰 1 , 王鑫鑫 4 , 张宝贵 2 , 李志刚 1 , 祖超 1 , 陈小爱 1 , 张彦军 1 , 谭梦怡 1 , 王鸿浩 1 , 吴田 5 , 王灿 1, *
热带作物学报 | 作物栽培与生理生化 2024,45(10): 2117-2128
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热带作物学报 |作物栽培与生理生化 2024 , 45 (10) : 2117 -2128
短期淹水胁迫和解除胁迫对诺丽生理及产量的影响
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赵雅琦1, 2, 王昌跃1, 3, 杨建峰1, 王鑫鑫4, 张宝贵2, 李志刚1, 祖超1, 陈小爱1, 张彦军1, 谭梦怡1, 王鸿浩1, 吴田5, 王灿1, *
作者信息
  • 1.中国热带农业科学院香料饮料研究所/农业农村部香辛饮料作物遗传资源利用重点实验室/海南省热带香辛饮料作物遗传改良与品质调控重点实验室,海南万宁 571533
  • 2.中国农业大学,北京 100091
  • 3.云南农业大学热带作物学院,云南普洱 665099
  • 4.河北农业大学河北省山区研究所,河北保定 071001
  • 5.西南林业大学园林园艺学院,云南昆明 650224
通讯作者:
* 王灿(WANG Can),E-mail:
Effects of Short-term Waterlogging Stress and Stress Relief on Physiology and Yield of Noni (Morinda citrifolia L.)
Yaqi ZHAO1, 2, Changyue WANG1, 3, Jianfeng YANG1, Xinxin WANG4, Baogui ZHANG2, Zhigang LI1, Chao ZU1, Xiaoai CHEN1, Yanjun ZHANG1, Mengyi TAN1, Honghao WANG1, Tian WU5, Can WANG1, *
Affiliations
  • 1.Institute of Flavoured Beverages, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources Utilization of Spice and Beverage Crops, Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs / Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Quality Regulation for Tropical Spice and Beverage Crops, Wanning, Hainan 571533, China
  • 2.China Agricultural University, Beijing 100091, China
  • 3.College of Tropical Crops, Yunnan Agricultural University, Pu'er, Yunnan 665099, China
  • 4.Hebei Institute of Mountainous Areas, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China
  • 5.College of Landscape Architecture and Horticulture, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan 650224, China
出版时间: 2024-10-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.10.013
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海南是我国诺丽主产区,夏季台风导致的短期淹水胁迫频发,但目前鲜有诺丽应对短期淹水胁迫和胁迫解除后生理响应研究,且胁迫对产量的影响尚不明晰。本研究以生长6个月的诺丽幼苗为试验材料,采用盆栽连续浸没15 d的方法模拟短期淹水胁迫,在淹水后第1、3、7、10、15天时测定植株地上部和地下部干重、叶片净光合速率(Pn)、脯氨酸(Pro)含量、根系活力(TTC)、根系丙二醛(MDA)、过氧化物酶(POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)等指标,并于解除胁迫后第1、7、15天测定相关指标,在主产区选取淹水和不淹水地块连续3 a测定产量。结果表明:诺丽受淹水胁迫后生理响应迅速,较不淹水对照处理,淹水第1天时叶片Pn下降,Pro含量增加,根系中MDA含量上升,根系活性下降,POD和SOD等抗氧化酶活性增加,这些指标在前7 d内均变化显著。而7 d后,除TTC和SOD活性仍显著变化外,其他指标的变化程度趋缓,表明叶片和根系逐步适应淹水胁迫;诺丽生物量根冠比(RSR)在淹水初期保持不变,但在3 d后显著下降,也在一定程度反映了诺丽植株短期内即已响应淹水胁迫;胁迫解除后各生理过程逐步恢复,在15 d时,诺丽光合作用、TTC基本恢复,但MDA等过氧化物含量仍然显著高于对照,表明前期胁迫形成的过氧化物其毒害作用短期难以消除。主产区多年多点的产量也表明,短期但频繁的淹水胁迫会导致产量大幅下降,降幅在21.64%~35.21%,这可能与胁迫造成的过氧化物毒害有关。因此,短期淹水胁迫不仅在胁迫期间对诺丽生理过程有较大影响,而且在胁迫解除后其不利影响仍长期存在,从而影响植株生长与产量。因此,在种植诺丽时应考虑地势较高且排水较好的地块,并做好排水系统;在易积水种植区,应在72 h内排走积水,可将影响降至最低。

诺丽  /  淹水胁迫  /  胁迫解除  /  生理响应  /  产量

Hainan is the main producing area of noni in China. Short-term waterlogging stress is caused by typhoons occuring frequently in summer. However, there are few studies on the physiological response of noni to short-term waterlogging stress and after stress relief, and the effect of stress on yield is still unclear. In this study, Noni seedlings growing for 6 months were used as the experimental materials, and short-term waterlogging stress was simulated by potted continuous immersion for 15 days. Dry weight, net photosynthetic rate (Pn), proline (Pro) content of leaves, root activity (TTC), root malondialdehyde (MDA), peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured at 1st, 3rd, 7th, 10th and 15th days after waterlogging. The relevant indexes were measured on the 1st, 7th and 15th day after stress relief, and the yield of waterlogged and non-waterlogged plots in the main producing areas was measured for 3 consecutive years. The results showed that the physiological response of Noni after waterlogging stress was rapid. Compared with non-waterlogging control treatment, the net photosynthetic rate of leaves decreased on the 1st day of waterlogging, the content of Pro increased, the content of MDA in roots increased, the root activity decreased, and the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as POD and SOD increased. All the indexes changed significantly in the first 7 days. However, after 7 days, the changes of TTC and SOD activity of roots remained significant, but the changes of other indexes were slow, indicating that leaves and roots gradually adopted corresponding strategies to adapt to waterlogging stress. The biomass root shoot ratio of Noni remained unchanged at the initial stage of waterlogging, but decreased significantly after 3 days, which also reflected that Noni plants had responded to waterlogging stress in a short period of time. After the stress was relieved, the physiological processes gradually recovered, and at 15 days, Noni photosynthesis and root activity basically recovered, but the content of peroxides such as MDA was still significantly higher than that of the control, indicating that the toxic effect of peroxides formed under early stress was difficult to eliminate in the short term. The multi-year yield of main producing areas shows that short-term but frequent waterlogging stress can lead to a significant decrease in yield, which is 21.64%–35.21%, which may be related to peroxide toxicity caused by stress. In summary, short-term waterlogging stress not only has a great impact on the physiological process of noni during stress, but also its adverse effects persisted for a long time after the stress is lifted, thereby affecting crop growth and yield. Therefore, for planting noni, the plots with higher terrain and better drainage should be in priority. In water-prone planting areas, water should be drained within 72 hours to minimize the adverse impact.

Morinda citrifolia L. (noni)  /  waterlogging stress  /  stress relief  /  physiological response  /  yield
赵雅琦, 王昌跃, 杨建峰, 王鑫鑫, 张宝贵, 李志刚, 祖超, 陈小爱, 张彦军, 谭梦怡, 王鸿浩, 吴田, 王灿. 短期淹水胁迫和解除胁迫对诺丽生理及产量的影响. 热带作物学报, 2024 , 45 (10) : 2117 -2128 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.10.013
Yaqi ZHAO, Changyue WANG, Jianfeng YANG, Xinxin WANG, Baogui ZHANG, Zhigang LI, Chao ZU, Xiaoai CHEN, Yanjun ZHANG, Mengyi TAN, Honghao WANG, Tian WU, Can WANG. Effects of Short-term Waterlogging Stress and Stress Relief on Physiology and Yield of Noni (Morinda citrifolia L.)[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2024 , 45 (10) : 2117 -2128 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.10.013
诺丽(Morinda citrifolia L.),又称海巴戟,是热带多年生阔叶小乔木,果实富含功能成分,具有抗氧化、消炎、抗癌等功效,在保健品、日化产品等领域广泛应用[1-2]。目前诺丽在我国海南省万宁、三亚、乐东,云南省西双版纳等市县大面积种植并产业化开发,是具有地域特色的热带作物产业,成为海南、云南等地乡村振兴的重要支撑产业之一。作为典型热带植物,诺丽喜高温高热,在适宜管理条件下,每667 m2年均产量可达3000 kg以上,高产的甚至可达5000 kg,年均产值在5000元以上,种植效益较好。由于诺丽耐粗放管理,种植户通常将其直接种植在地势低洼的水田或沼泽地等边角地块,且很少建立排水系统,从而导致夏季台风季大量降雨而形成短期但频繁的淹水胁迫。据调查发现,海南万宁主产区存在此问题的诺丽园面积约占种植总面积的40%。因此,探明短期淹水胁迫下诺丽的生理响应过程及其对产量影响,对于改变当前种植方式及生产习惯,优化并提升主产区种植水平具有重要意义。
植物生长需要适宜的水分,但水分过多或者过少都会对植物产生胁迫,从而对植物生长带来不良影响[3]。淹水胁迫严重影响植物的生长发育,使植物品质降低,作物产量下降。因此,研究各植物对淹水胁迫的响应规律,开发增强植物耐淹性的方法是值得关注的焦点[4]。目前植物淹水胁迫方面的研究多集中在抗氧化酶活性、光合作用等方向[5]。在淹水胁迫下,植物主要通过启动保护酶和调节抗氧化物质来降低胁迫危害[6]。里程辉等[7]研究发现淹水条件下苹果叶片和根系的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)及游离脯氨酸(Pro)含量降低,这在猕猴桃[8]、杨树[9]、向日葵[10]等植物中也有类似报道。同时,淹水条件下植株净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率及气孔导度均显著降低,但不同植物下降程度不同[11]。光合速率下降影响了同化物质生产,进而导致淹水条件下植物地上部及地下部干重下降[12]。尽管这些研究为诺丽淹水胁迫研究提供了一定参考,但夏季台风带来的短期淹水胁迫频发,这种胁迫下诺丽生理响应及胁迫解除后生理恢复过程的相关研究还未见报道,由此带来的产量影响也尚不清楚。
基于上述原因,本研究旨在探明短期淹水胁迫和解除胁迫下诺丽叶片光合和根系活性、毒害物质含量及抗氧化酶活性变化响应过程,并通过主产区调研,明确淹水与不淹水条件下诺丽的产量变化及差异,从而阐明短期淹水对诺丽的不利影响,解析非生物胁迫频发下作物生理响应过程,为诺丽生产中种植园立地条件选择及改造、抗逆技术研发等提供理论依据与指导。
在海南省万宁市诺丽主产区的长丰镇福田村(110°32′E,18°82′N)、长安村(109°90′E,19°91′N)、黄山村(110°34′E,18°83′N)及大茂镇袁水村(110°36′E,18°85′N),选取当地种植面积大于3.33 hm2,且管理措施基本一致的种植园,开展2021—2023年3 a产量调查。4个地点诺丽株行距均为3 m×4 m。根据地形地势,连续3 a对积水区(水田,起垄种植,垄沟有明显积水)和不积水区(旱地,不见积水)各666.67 m2面积的种植区域内诺丽产量进行测产。不同地点每年施肥方案如下:长丰镇福田村每2个月施平衡复合肥(N-P-K∶15-15-15)1次,每次150 g/株,年施肥量合计540 kg/hm2;长安村为每个月施平衡复合肥1次,每次100 g/株,年施肥量合计720 kg/hm2;黄山村为每2个月施平衡复合肥1次,每次200 g/株,年施肥量合计720 kg/hm2;大茂镇袁水村为每6个月施平衡复合肥1次,每次300 g/株,年施肥量合计360 kg/hm2
盆栽试验在中国热带农业科学院香料饮料研究所(110°20′E,18°74′N)温室进行,选取长势一致生长约6个月的诺丽苗进行水分胁迫处理(品种为万宁市大面积种植的万维1号,取成熟果实的种子在育苗盘(体积比蛭石∶沙土=3∶1)中进行育苗,约30 d发芽,长出真叶后移入育苗袋中。淹水处理时将诺丽幼苗移栽到育苗盆中。
试验处理开始时将种植有诺丽幼苗的育苗盆放至周转箱中,并加水淹没至土壤表面1 cm处。其中选取24棵植株,在淹水后的第0、1、3、7、10、15天开展破坏性取样,每个处理各4次重复,分别测定植株净光合速率(Pn)、根系活力(TTC)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、过氧化物酶(POD)活性、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、根系丙二醛(MDA)含量、叶片脯氨酸(Pro)含量。另选取72棵植株,设置淹水时间分别为0、1、3、7、10、15 d的淹水处理,同时解除胁迫后,于第1、7、15天分别取样测定,每个处理重复4次,分别测定植株Pn,TTC,SOD、POD、CAT活性,根系MDA含量,叶片Pro含量。
产量数据来自种植户统计的诺丽全年总产量;Pn用便携式光合仪LI-6400(LI-COR,美国)于当天10:00—12:00测定;每个处理进行根系和叶片的破坏性取样,首先取回植株后,测定记录植株地上部和地下部生物量,用于测定指标的样品,取样后称取鲜重,清洗干净并用PBS缓冲液浸泡3~5 min,放于泡沫箱中用液氮速冻,保存于超低温冰箱待测。根系MDA含量,叶片Pro含量,TTC,根系POD、SOD活性采用试剂盒(梦溪生物医药科技有限公司)测定。
试验数据采用Microsoft Excel 2019软件进行数据处理,SPSS 20.0软件进行方差分析、相关性分析及因子分析,用Origin Pro 2022软件作图。
淹水胁迫会影响作物根系呼吸、降低根系活性,进而影响养分吸收、地上部光合等生理过程,从而导致植物光合产物减少,产量下降。三因素方差分析结果显示(表1),诺丽产量在不同年份之间差异不显著,但在不同地点和不同淹水条件处理(旱地、水田)之间则均呈极显著差异。将不同地点的水田和旱地种植的诺丽产量进行多重比较,结果表明(图1),与淹水条件的水田种植诺丽相比,3 a的数据均显示福田村、黄山村、长安村、袁水村4个地点的旱地诺丽产量均显著高于水田。其中,大茂镇淹水条件下诺丽产量降幅最大,3 a降幅在31.79%~35.21%,其次是福田村,降幅为31.79%~33.18%,然后是黄山村,降幅为28.21%~29.52%,长安村降幅最小,为21.64%~24.69%。不同地点之间产量差异显著,其中长安村的水田和旱地产量均最高,其次分别为黄山村、福田村和大茂镇,该差异主要与各地点施肥管理水平差异有关。
植物受胁迫影响,最直接的表型指标就是生物量的变化,而地上部和地下部分配则常作为判断植物对胁迫适应性的指标[13]。由表2可知,随着淹水时间增加,胁迫下植株总生物量未随之发生明显变化,但有下降趋势。从生物量在地上部和地下部的分配来看,不同淹水时间处理之间地上和地下部生物量发生了变化,进而引起了干物质根冠比(RSR)的变化。在淹水第7天时,地上部和地下部干重均显著下降,而此时RSR显著下降;自此,随着淹水时间的延长,RSR从0.42下降到0.33,表明在短期淹水情况下,生物量侧重向地上部分配。
图2A可知,随着淹水时间增加,诺丽叶片Pn和TTC均呈下降趋势,但二者下降过程存在差异。根系活性随淹水时间增加一直呈急剧下降的趋势,而叶片Pn在淹水前3 d呈前期急剧下降而后下降逐步趋缓的趋势,前3 d下降幅度为31%,后12 d下降幅度为21%。叶片PRO含量和根系MDA含量则与其变化趋势相反(图1)。随着淹水胁迫时间增加二者均呈上升趋势,并且均表现为前7 d内呈先快速增加,而后逐步平缓上升的趋势。根系POD活性变化也与二者相似(图1),而SOD活性也呈上升趋势,但在第10天才出现缓慢上升趋势。
图3可知,随着淹水时间增加而降低的Pn和TTC,二者之间虽呈正相关,但相关性并不显著;而随淹水时间增加而增加的Pro、MDA、POD和SOD,两两之间达到显著相关较多的是Pro、MDA,其次是SOD,POD。从全指标相关性来看,TTC和Pro与其他5个指标呈显著或极显著相关;与表征养分水分吸收能力的TTC呈显著或极显著负相关的指标为SOD、MDA、Pro和地上部干重(SDW),呈显著正相关的为RSR;与表征胁迫强度的Pro呈极显著正相关的指标为MDA和SOD,呈显著或极显著负相关的指标为TTC、Pn和RSR;与干物质生产能力表征指标Pn显著相关的指标为MDA和Pro,且均呈负相关;与干物质分配相关的生物量指标RSR、SDW二者均呈显著相关的指标为TTC,与RSR相关的指标为Pro、POD和SOD,其中与Pro和SOD呈显著负相关,与POD呈显著正相关。
将这些生理指标标准化处理后,按分析步骤得出旋转后的相关系数矩阵的特征值及其方差贡献率(表3)。从表3可知,3个主成分的特征值均大于1,前两者累积贡献率达到75.21%以上,说明这2个主成分包含了原来数据中绝大部分信息,这2个潜在因子具有较强说服力。通过方差最大化正交旋转,得到旋转成分得分系数矩阵,所有变量均对第1、第2主成分有所贡献,计算公式如(1)、(2),公式中的变量均为标准化后的数值。其中,主成分1主要与Pn、Pro、MDA有关,表征叶片光合及抗逆能力;主成分2主要与POD、RSR有关,表征根系抗氧化酶活性及生物量分配等。
解除淹水胁迫后,诺丽幼苗Pn的变化过程如图4所示,随着淹水胁迫解除时间的增加,各处理之间的差异逐渐减小。胁迫解除1 d后(图4A),未淹水处理(CK,0 d)叶片Pn显著高于各淹水时长处理,不同处理之间Pn差异缩小,仅淹水1 d处理显著高于淹水15 d处理,其他淹水时长处理之间无显著差异。解除淹水胁迫7 d时(图4B),CK处理的叶片Pn仍显著高于其他淹水处理,而淹水1 d处理显著高于其他淹水时长处理;到胁迫解除15 d时(图4C),CK处理与各个淹水时长处理之间差异不显著。
解除淹水胁迫后,诺丽幼苗TTC恢复过程如图5所示。胁迫解除1 d时(图5A),CK处理TTC最大,显著高于其他各淹水处理。各淹水处理随着淹水时长增加,根系活性下降,且两两之间均达显著差异(P<0.05);胁迫解除第7天时,CK处理与不同淹水处理之间TTC差异情况与解除胁迫第1天时基本一致,但淹水时长1 d和3 d处理之间、10 d和15 d处理之间已无显著差异;到解除胁迫15 d时,淹水1、3、7、10 d处理与CK处理之间差异均不显著,但淹水15 d与CK处理仍有显著差异(图5C)。
解除胁迫后诺丽根系中MDA变化情况如图6所示。在胁迫解除1 d时(图6A),CK处理根系MDA含量最低,显著低于其他处理,而不同淹水处理之间,随着淹水时长增加,根系中MDA含量逐步增加,且两两之间差异均达显著;解除7 d时(图6B),CK处理的根系中MDA含量仍显著低于其他淹水处理,淹水7 d和10 d处理之间无显著差异;到胁迫解除15 d时(图6C),CK处理根系MDA含量最低且显著低于不同淹水时长处理,而各淹水时长处理之间差异不显著。
解除淹水胁迫后,不同淹水时长处理的诺丽叶片Pro变化情况如图7所示。由图7A可知,在胁迫解除1 d时,淹水1 d的植株叶片Pro含量已与CK处理无显著差异,而其他处理之间随淹水时长增加,叶片Pro含量逐步增加,除淹水7 d和10 d之间差异不显著外,其他处理两两之间差异均显著;到胁迫解除第7天时(图7B),淹水时长较短的淹水1 d和3 d处理与CK之间的差异进一步缩小,除淹水3 d处理与CK之间显著差异外,其他两两之间无显著差异,而淹水时长较长的7、10、15 d处理之间差异也逐步缩小,除淹水7 d与15 d处理有显著差异外,其他两两之间无显著差异,但淹水时长较长和较短处理之间的差异较大,且均达到显著水平;在解除胁迫15 d时,淹水1 d和3 d处理与CK之间,淹水7、10、15 d处理之间差异与第7天时基本一致,但是淹水时长较长和较短处理之间的差异减小,且二者仍有显著差异(图7C)。
解除淹水胁迫后,不同淹水时长处理诺丽根系过氧化物酶(POD)变化情况如图8所示。在胁迫解除第1天时,CK处理根系POD酶活性最低,显著低于淹水时长较短的1 d和3 d处理,而1 d和3 d处理之间无显著差异,淹水时长较长的7、10、15 d处理显著高于其他处理,但三者之间无显著差异;到胁迫解除第7天时(图8B),CK处理与淹水1 d处理根系POD酶活性最低,二者之间已无显著差异,淹水3 d和7 d处理之间差异也较胁迫解除1 d时的差异显著变为差异不显著,但显著高于CK与淹水1 d处理,显著低于淹水时长7、10、15 d处理,而这三者之间差异不显著;到胁迫解除第15 d时,CK处理与各淹水时长处理之间差异减小,均未达到显著差异(图8C)。
诺丽根系中SOD活性在各处理之间变化情况如图9所示。与根系POD变化趋势基本一致,胁迫解除1、7 d时,各处理之间差异越来越小(图9A、图9B);到胁迫解除第15天时,淹水1 d处理与CK无显著差异,而淹水3、7、10、15 d处理之间差异也不显著,但仍显著高于CK和淹水1 d处理(图9C)。
在解除淹水胁迫过程中,MDA、Pro、SOD与其他5个指标均呈显著或极显著相关,其次为Pn和TTC;与表征干物质生产能力Pn呈显著正相关的是POD,呈显著负相关的指标为MDA、SOD和Pro;与根系活性TTC呈显著正相关的是SDW,呈显著或极显著负相关的是MDA、SOD和Pro;MDA和TTC与表征诺丽生物量的SDW呈显著负相关(图10)。
同理,将解除胁迫之后的各生理指标标准化处理后得出旋转后的相关系数矩阵的特征值及其方差贡献率(表4)。从表4可知,3个主成分的特征值均大于1,三者累积贡献率达到84%以上。通过方差最大化正交旋转,得到旋转成分得分系数矩阵,计算公式如(3)~(5)。第1主成分与RSR有关,表征生物量分配;第2个主成分与POD、Pn有关,表征根系抗氧化活性与叶片光合能力,第3主成分与RSR、SDW有关,表征生物量及其分配。
植物在受到淹水胁迫时会通过调整自己的生理分子代谢或生理结构来适应淹水过程以降低损伤[14]。通常缺氧造成细胞内氧代谢平衡失调,促进细胞内活性氧(ROS)的大量产生,进而诱发膜脂过氧化,造成MDA等过氧化产物大量产生,进而引发一系列其他生理响应,如这些物质损伤根系细胞膜,表现为根系活性下降;损伤叶片类囊体膜上光合系统结构及活性,导致光合作用下降[15],而植物则启动抗氧化酶活系统以清除ROS、MDA等氧化产物危害。本研究中,诺丽短期淹水过程中相关生理指标的变化与其他已报道的淹水研究基本一致,而且从相关性分析来看,达到显著或极显著相关性最多的指标为TTC、Pro和MDA。根系是植物受淹水胁迫最直接的器官,因而TTC与其他指标相关程度较高。MDA是在胁迫诱导下在细胞中生成的氧化产物,是引起其他生理指标变化的关键因子,因而与其他指标相关程度也较高。此外,对众多指标进行降维分析发现,在淹水胁迫过程中主要响应的生理指标为叶片光合及抗逆性、根系的抗氧化能力。同时从响应时间来看,MDA含量在淹水1 d时即已显著升高,而同时TTC和叶片Pn也显著降低,SOD、POD等抗氧化酶活性则显著提高,说明植物应对胁迫的生理过程响应胁迫均是快速且同步的。
为了降低淹水对生理过程的影响,诺丽地下根系和地上叶片均采取了相应机制来适应逆境。从根系来看,随着淹水时间的增加,根系中MDA含量不断增加,这与根系由有氧呼吸转变为厌氧呼吸,从而加速了自由基生成有关[16]。与此同时,为了减少氧化产物的毒害作用,根系中抗氧化酶活系统也马上启动,表现为根系SOD和POD等抗氧化酶活大幅上升。但抗氧化酶活难以及时清除由持续胁迫诱导生成的大量氧化产物,最终导致根系活性(TTC)随淹水时间增加也大幅下降。有研究表明,为了适应淹水胁迫逆境,一些耐淹植物在遭受淹水胁迫后会长出不定根改变根系通气组织的孔隙度,以满足根系生理对氧气的需求,从而维持根系活力[17-19]。但在本研究中诺丽在淹水胁迫15 d时,根系活性指标仍呈显著下降趋势,从表型来看,此时根尖也有变黑的现象(结果未展示),表明诺丽根系在短时间内(0~15 d)难以形成与之相应的适应机制,如形成气生根等,因而导致根系活性下降甚至死亡。但长时间淹水胁迫下是否存在相似的适应机制还有待进一步研究。
叶片作为植物进行光合作用的主要器官,在应对外界非生物胁迫时,通常会启动光化学淬灭、非光化学淬灭等机制来降低胁迫对光合结构及相关酶活性的影响。本研究中,淹水前3 d内叶片光合速率快速下降,此后光合速率不再大幅下降并达到相对稳定的状态,推测叶片光合系统可以通过光化学淬灭和非光化学淬灭等过程共同作用来适应淹水胁迫,一般首先启动光化学淬灭机制,通过提高抗氧化酶来减少氧化产物对光合系统的损伤;当光化学淬灭机制仍难以降低胁迫伤害时,则采用热耗散等非光化学淬灭的机制来继续降低胁迫对光合系统的损害,从而维持一定水平下的相对稳定光合速率[20]。因此诺丽叶片光合系统可以快速地适应胁迫影响,从而维持正常光合作用以生产同化产物,为提高作物抗逆能力提供更多能量物质,这在曹福亮等[21]对乌桕淹水胁迫中也有类似报道。
此外,生物量在地上部和地下部的分配(RSR)也能在一定程度上反映植物对逆境胁迫的适应情况[22]。在淹水胁迫初期(3 d内),诺丽生物量RSR保持不变,表明初期胁迫对植物的伤害不大,这与抗氧化酶活系统快速启动有关。但随着胁迫时间增加,由胁迫造成的损伤难以及时清除,此时植物从长远考虑,逐步调整同化产物在地上和地下同化产物分配策略,表现为降低向地下部根系的分配比例,而转而增加供应给地上部比例,从而导致RSR下降。在这一分配策略下,植株向根系分配的同化产物减少,降低了根系的代谢压力,根系耗氧量降低,短期内缓解了根部供氧不足;而地上部分配比例增加则有利于地上部叶片生成、增加光合叶面积,促进同化产物生成,维持植物基本生理活动,便于胁迫解除后的快速恢复,这是诺丽应对淹水胁迫的一种主动适应机制,反映了非生物胁迫下植物的一种生存策略。
胁迫解除后的恢复过程也是细胞结构与功能修复以及累积的MDA等过氧化物清除的过程。本研究中根系活性和叶片光合速率等重要生理指标,随着胁迫解除时间增加而不断降低,到解除胁迫15 d时,不同淹水时长处理之间及处理与对照之间差异均不显著。但根系中MDA含量在解除胁迫15 d时,虽然不同淹水时长处理之间差异已不显著,但仍显著高于对照。有研究表明[23],非生物逆境胁迫生成的氧化物质对细胞影响长期存在,在分解过程中会转化为毒性更强的次生代谢物,持续对植株恢复产生不利影响。本研究结果也表明,在诺丽淹水胁迫解除后,虽然植株的相关生理过程已经恢复,但前期胁迫生产的氧化产物仍然存在,且对植株产生持续不利影响。从相关性来看,恢复过程中两两之间呈显著或极显著相关性最多的指标就有MDA含量,表明在植株恢复过程,细胞中氧化产物确实与各种生理过程紧密相关,进一步说明了氧化产物的毒害长期存在。对相关生理指标的降维分析来看,诺丽淹水胁迫解除的恢复过程,与生物量及其在地上和地下的分配情况有着重要联系,其次为根系抗氧化活性与叶片光合能力,表明通过同化产物等资源的合理分配促进植株快速恢复是植物胁迫解除后采取的主要策略。
孙建等[24]对不同生育时期的芝麻进行0~36 h的淹水胁迫处理,结果显示产量随着淹水时间的增加表现出不断下降趋势,并在3个时期均与SOD和CAT呈显著相关。同样,在大豆不同的生长期中淹水胁迫都对其生长有不同程度的损伤,其中在花荚期淹水导致花荚大量脱落,从而使得大豆严重减产[25]。本研究中多年产量数据表明,长期频繁的淹水胁迫会导致产量大幅下降,不管管理水平如何,降幅为21.64%~35.21%。这不仅与淹水直接影响胁迫有关,还与胁迫解除后毒害物质的后续不利影响有关。因此,在海南诺丽主产区,为了避免夏季台风带来的淹水胁迫,在诺丽种植规划时应选择排水良好的坡地,并做好排水系统;结合不同淹水时长下植株生理过程的影响程度,淹水72 h内对植株生长的影响较轻,在台风季发现地面积水时应及时排走多余水分,相关技术应在主产区推广应用,可以指导实际生产,提高主产区种植技术水平。
(1)短期淹水胁迫下(淹水15 d内),诺丽地下部根系和地上部叶片的生理响应即已启动,并部分逐步适应胁迫。
(2)短期淹水胁迫下,诺丽生物量和根冠比随淹水时长增加有下降的趋势,这不仅反映了诺丽响应淹水胁迫的过程,更表明了植物应对淹水等非生物胁迫的一种生存策略。
(3)淹水胁迫解除后,淹水15 d内的诺丽植株均能快速地恢复,但相关生理活性仍难恢复到与正常未淹水植株一致,这与前期淹水胁迫生成的活性氧、过氧化物等毒害物质长期存在有关。
(4)长期频繁的淹水胁迫会导致产量大幅下降,降幅在21.64%~35.21%。这与淹水时直接胁迫影响以及胁迫解除后毒害物质的后续不利影响有关。
  • 科技部技术委托项目(Am20230493BC; nlbzhzz2021)
  • 万宁市重点科研项目(2023wnkj06)
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.10.013
  • 接收时间:2024-03-04
  • 首发时间:2026-06-25
  • 出版时间:2024-10-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-03-04
  • 修回日期:2024-04-10
基金
科技部技术委托项目(Am20230493BC; nlbzhzz2021)
万宁市重点科研项目(2023wnkj06)
作者信息
    1.中国热带农业科学院香料饮料研究所/农业农村部香辛饮料作物遗传资源利用重点实验室/海南省热带香辛饮料作物遗传改良与品质调控重点实验室,海南万宁 571533
    2.中国农业大学,北京 100091
    3.云南农业大学热带作物学院,云南普洱 665099
    4.河北农业大学河北省山区研究所,河北保定 071001
    5.西南林业大学园林园艺学院,云南昆明 650224

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* 王灿(WANG Can),E-mail:
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Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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