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Article(id=1276844445169488429, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276844393709568941, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.10.010, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1714406400000, receivedDateStr=2024-04-30, revisedDate=1716566400000, revisedDateStr=2024-05-25, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1782353038351, onlineDateStr=2026-06-25, pubDate=1729785600000, pubDateStr=2024-10-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1782353038351, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-25, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1782353038351, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1782353038351, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1276844393709568941, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, year='2024', volume='45', issue='10', pageStart='1999', pageEnd='2242', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1729785600000', pubDateStr='2024-10-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1782353026082, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782355588483, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1276855141311574992, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276844393709568941, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1276855141311574993, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276844393709568941, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=2086, endPage=2096, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1276844445429535279, articleId=1276844445169488429, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=EN, title=Species Diversity and Resource Evaluation of Boletales in Yinggeling Area of National Park of Hainan Tropical Rainforest, columnId=1236256430060261740, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, columnName=Germplasm Resources, Genetics & Breeding, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Yinggeling area of the National Park of Hainan Tropical Rainforest preserves the largest and most intact tropical rainforest in South China. It is extraordinarily rich in fungal species, especially the fungi of Boletales with important ecological, scientific and economic values. Nearly 300 specimens of Boletales were collected from Yinggeling area in the past 10 years. On the basis of morphology, molecular phylogenetic analyses, ecological characteristics, and geographical information, a total of 82 species of Boletales, belonging to 37 genera and 5 families, have been identified. Among them, 2 genera and 26 species were typified from Yinggeling, 2 were new to China, and 20 were new to Hainan Province. In the Boletales in Yinggeling area, the only dominant family, with more than 10 species, was Boletaceae, accounting for 91.46% of the total species. There were 6 dominant genera (Aureoboletus, Boletellus, Neoboletus, Phylloporus, Strobilomyces, and Tylopilus), with more than 5 species, haboring 48.78% of the total species of this Order. Among the Boletales species from Yinggeling area, 20, 4, and 8 are considered to be edible, medicinal and poisonous mushrooms, respectively.

, authors=null, authorsList=Shuai JIANG, Yongqing FU, Xinhua FU, Yun CHEN, Xiaohua DENG, Xumin CHEN, Hongxu MI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Hongxu MI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1276844446582968885, articleId=1276844445169488429, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=CN, title=海南热带雨林国家公园鹦哥岭片区牛肝菌目真菌物种多样性及资源评价, columnId=1236256430219645304, journalTitle=热带作物学报, columnName=种质资源与遗传育种, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

海南热带雨林国家公园鹦哥岭片区拥有我国华南最为集中连片、面积最大且保存最为完好的热带雨林，真菌多样性丰富，其中具重要生态、科研和经济价值的牛肝菌目真菌更是种类多样。在过去的10余年，本研究采用踏查法对鹦哥岭片区的牛肝菌目真菌进行调查，采集标本近300号。利用形态解剖与分子系统发育相结合的方法，同时综合考虑生态特性及地理分布特征，鉴定出该目真菌5科37属82种，包括了以鹦哥岭片区为模式产地的2个属和26个物种，中国新记录种2个，海南新记录种20个。牛肝菌目真菌物种组成分析表明，鹦哥岭片区含10种以上的优势科为牛肝菌科，其物种数占物种总数的91.46%；含5种以上的优势属有6属，即金牛肝菌属（Aureoboletus）、条孢牛肝菌属（Boletellus）、新牛肝菌属（Neoboletus）、褶孔牛肝菌属（Phylloporus）、松塔牛肝菌属（Strobilomyces）和粉孢牛肝菌属（Tylopilus），这6属包含的种类占物种总数的48.78%。大型真菌资源利用价值评估表明，鹦哥岭片区的牛肝菌目真菌有食用菌20种、药用菌4种、毒菌8种，部分种类具有较好的应用前景。

, authors=

蒋帅（1987—），女，博士研究生，林业工程师，研究方向：大型真菌的分类及分子系统发育。

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* 米红旭（MI Hongxu），E-mail：。
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2.海南国家公园研究院，海南海口　571100, bio={"content":"

蒋帅（1987—），女，博士研究生，林业工程师，研究方向：大型真菌的分类及分子系统发育。

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蒋帅（1987—），女，博士研究生，林业工程师，研究方向：大型真菌的分类及分子系统发育。

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A: Aureoboletus conicus; B: A. microcarpus; C: A. ornatipes; D: Austroboletus brunneisquamus; E–F: Baorangia duplicatopora; G: Boletellus erythrolepis; H: B. subglobosus; I: B. zenghuoxingii; J–K: Chalciporus sinensis; L: Hortiboletus napaeus; M–N: Lanmaoa macrocarpa; O:L. rubriceps; P: Leccinellum alborufescens.

, figureFileSmall=/pSPVmvBAqbZUAldyzvfwg==, figureFileBig=DtKWU2j80vmzmEOOmUeS5A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276844455663637097, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276844445169488429, language=CN, label=图1, caption=以海南热带雨林国家公园鹦哥岭片区为模式产地的牛肝菌目物种

A：锥鳞金牛肝菌；B：小果金牛肝菌；C：网柄金牛肝菌；D：褐鳞南方牛肝菌；E~F：复孔薄瓤牛肝菌；G：红鳞条孢牛肝菌；H：近球条孢牛肝菌；I：火兴条孢牛肝菌；J~K：中华辣牛肝菌；L：林谷园圃牛肝菌；M~N：大盖兰茂牛肝菌；O：红盖兰茂牛肝菌；P：变红小疣柄牛肝菌。

, figureFileSmall=/pSPVmvBAqbZUAldyzvfwg==, figureFileBig=DtKWU2j80vmzmEOOmUeS5A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276844457458799210, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276844445169488429, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Species of Boletales typified from Yinggeling area of the National Park of Hainnan Tropical Rainforest

A: Neoboletus infuscatus; B–C: N. multipunctatus; D: Phylloporus microsquamus; E–F: Pulchroboletus erubescens; G: Pulveroboletus subrufus; H–I: Retiboletus nigrogriseus; J: Rufoboletus hainanensis; K: Strobilomyces baozhengii; L: S. pachycystidiatus; M: Sutorius subrufus; N: Tylopilus yangzhuliangii; O: Xanthoconium fusciceps; P: Xerocomus fuscatus.

, figureFileSmall=8HpUQK53hL2qHBLlvB1ITQ==, figureFileBig=LgeQc9l5kK6w1ILbh5tG2w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276844457559462507, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276844445169488429, language=CN, label=图2, caption=以海南热带雨林国家公园鹦哥岭片区为模式产地的牛肝菌目物种

A：淡褐新牛肝菌；B~C：密鳞新牛肝菌；D：密鳞褶孔牛肝菌；E~F：粉盖美牛肝菌；G：淡红粉末牛肝菌；H~I：黑灰网柄牛肝菌；J：海南变红牛肝菌；K：包拯松塔牛肝菌；L：厚囊松塔牛肝菌；M：淡红异色牛肝菌；N：祝良粉孢牛肝菌；O：暗褐金孢牛肝菌；P：暗褐绒盖牛肝菌。

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Species of Boletales in Yinggeling area of the National Park of Hainnan Tropical Rainforest

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号No.科Family属Genus种Species凭证标本Voucher specimen中国新记录种New records to China海南新记录种New records to Hainan海南热带雨林国家公园优先保护物种Priority protected species of the National Park of Hainan Tropical Rainforest经济价值Economic Value
1牛肝菌科Boletaceae变黑牛肝菌属Anthracoporus黑紫变黑牛肝菌Anthracoporus nigropurpureus（Hongo）Yan C. Li & Zhu L. YangFHMU 1599√有毒
2金牛肝菌属Aureoboletus锥鳞金牛肝菌Aureoboletus conicus N.K. Zeng et al.FHMU 4730未知
3重孔金牛肝菌A. duplicatoporus（M. Zang）G. Wu & Zhu L. YangFHMU 3335√未知
4长颈金牛肝菌A. longicollis（Ces.）N.K. Zeng & Ming ZhangFHMU 2005未知
5小果金牛肝菌A. microcarpus N.K. Zeng et al.FHMU 4688未知
6小橙黄金牛肝菌A. miniatoaurantiacus（Bi & Loh）Ming Zhang et al.FHMU 2020未知
7网柄金牛肝菌A. ornatipes N.K. Zeng et al.FHMU 1981未知
8美丽金牛肝菌A. venustus Fang Li et al.FHMU 3146√未知
9南方牛肝菌属Austroboletus褐鳞南方牛肝菌Austroboletus brunneisquamus N.K. Zeng et al.FHMU 5876√未知
10纺锤孢南方牛肝菌Aus. fusisporus（Kawam. ex Imazeki & Hongo）WolfeFHMU 2062未知
11薄瓤牛肝菌属Baorangia复孔薄瓤牛肝菌Baorangia duplicatopora N.K. Zeng et al.FHMU 5877√未知
12条孢牛肝菌属Boletellus网盖条孢牛肝菌Boletellus areolatus Hirot. SatoFHMU 2046√未知
13木生条孢牛肝菌B. emodensis（Berk.）SingerFHMU 1649未知
14红鳞条孢牛肝菌B. erythrolepis N.K. Zeng et al.FHMU 3255未知
15隐纹条孢牛肝菌B. indistinctus G. Wu et al.FHMU 1596√有毒
16近球条孢牛肝菌B. subglobosus N.K. Zeng et al.FHMU 3256未知
17火兴条孢牛肝菌B. zenghuoxingii N.K. Zeng et al.FHMU 3251未知
18牛肝菌科Boletaceae牛肝菌属Boletus灰盖牛肝菌Boletus griseiceps B. Feng et al.FHMU 2054√√食用
19腐生牛肝菌属Buchwaldoboletus中华腐生牛肝菌Buchwaldoboletus xylophilus（Petch）Both & B. OrtizFHMU 5848√食用
20美柄牛肝菌属Caloboletus关羽美柄牛肝菌Caloboletus guanyui N.K. Zeng et al.FHMU 2040食用
21辣牛肝菌属Chalciporus中华辣牛肝菌Chalciporus sinensis N.K. Zeng et al.FHMU 4701√未知
22裘氏牛肝菌属Chiua窄囊裘氏牛肝菌Chiua angusticystidiata Y.C. Li & Zhu L. YangFHMU 2011√未知
23橙牛肝菌属Crocinoboletus日本橙牛肝菌Crocinoboletus laetissimus（Hongo）N.K. Zeng et al.FHMU 2030未知
24橙牛肝菌C. rufoaureus（Massee）N.K. Zeng et al.FHMU 1975药用
25红褶孔牛肝菌属Erythrophylloporus橙红褶孔牛肝菌Erythrophylloporus cinnabarinus Ming Zhang & T.H.LiFHMU 2039未知
26粘柄牛肝菌属Fistulinella绿盖粘柄牛肝菌Fistulinella olivaceoalba T.H.G. Pham et al.FHMU 216未知
27网孢牛肝菌属Heimioporus日本网孢牛肝菌Heimioporus japonicus（Hongo）E. HorakFHMU 231有毒
28园圃牛肝菌属Hortiboletus林谷园圃牛肝菌Hortiboletus napaeus N.K. Zeng et al.FHMU 3326√未知
29厚瓤牛肝菌属Hourangia膨丝厚瓤牛肝菌Hourangia dilatata（W.F. Chiu）N.K. Zeng et al.FHMU 1618未知
30芝麻厚瓤牛肝菌H. nigropunctata（W.F. Chiu）Xue T. Zhu & Zhu L. YangFHMU 1684有毒
31兰茂牛肝菌属Lanmaoa大盖兰茂牛肝菌Lanmaoa macrocarpa N.K. Zeng et al.FHMU 1982√未知
32红盖兰茂牛肝菌L. rubriceps N.K. Zeng & Hui ChaiFHMU 2801√未知
33小疣柄牛肝菌属Leccinellum变红小疣柄牛肝菌Leccinellum alborufescens N.K. Zeng et al.FHMU 1758√未知
34新牛肝菌属Neoboletus锈柄新牛肝菌Neoboletus ferrugineus（G. Wu et al.）N.K. Zeng et al.FHMU 3354√未知
35黄孔新牛肝菌N. flavidus（G. Wu & Zhu L. Yang）N.K. Zeng et al.FHMU 2924√未知
36淡褐新牛肝菌N. infuscatus N.K. Zeng et al.FHMU 3372√未知
37华丽新牛肝菌N. magnificus（W.F. Chiu）Gelard et al.FHMU 3339√食用，但生食会致幻
38密鳞新牛肝菌N. multipunctatus N.K. Zeng et al.FHMU 1620√未知
39暗褐新牛肝菌N. obscureumbrinus（Hongo）N.K. Zeng et al.FHMU 2055√食用
40牛肝菌科Boletaceae小绒盖牛肝菌属Parvixerocomus青木氏小绒盖牛肝菌Parvixerocomus aokii（Hongo）G. Wu et al.FHMU 2026未知
41褶孔牛肝菌属Phylloporus栲林褶孔牛肝菌Phylloporus castanopsidis M.A. Neves & HallingFHMU 1517√√食用
42厚壁褶孔牛肝菌P. grossus N.K. Zeng et al.FHMU 2270食用
43密鳞褶孔牛肝菌P. microsquamus N.K. Zeng et al.FHMU 1678√食用
44小孢褶孔牛肝菌P. parvisporus CornerFHMU 3340食用
45小果褶孔牛肝菌P. pusillus Raspé et al.FHMU 3361√食用
46淡红褶孔牛肝菌P. rubeolus N.K. Zeng et al.FHMU 1585√食用
47红果褶孔牛肝菌P. rubiginosus M.A. Neves & HallingFHMU 2016食用
48变红褶孔牛肝菌P. rufescens CornerFHMU 3290食用
49近淡红褶孔牛肝菌P. subrubeolus Chuankid et al.FHMU 3165食用
50美牛肝菌属Pulchroboletus粉盖美牛肝菌Pulchroboletus erubescens N.K. Zeng et al.FHMU 4543未知
51粉末牛肝菌属Pulveroboletus褐点粉末牛肝菌Pulveroboletus brunneopunctatus G. Wu & Zhu L.YangFHMU 2473有毒
52褐糙粉末牛肝菌Pul. brunneoscabrosus Har. Takah.FHMU 2495有毒
53淡红粉末牛肝菌Pul. subrufus N.K. Zeng & Zhu L. YangFHMU 1899有毒
54网柄牛肝菌属Retiboletus黑灰网柄牛肝菌Retiboletus nigrogriseus N.K. Zeng et al.FHMU 2800√未知
55中华网柄牛肝菌R. sinensis N.K. Zeng & Zhu L. YangFHMU 3341食用
56变红牛肝菌属Rufoboletus海南变红牛肝菌Rufoboletus hainanensis（N.K. Zeng et al.）N.K. Zeng & Zhi Q. LiangHKAS 59816√未知
57皱盖牛肝菌属Rugiboletus皱盖牛肝菌Rugiboletus extremiorientalis（Lj.N. Vassiljeva）G. Wu & Zhu L. YangFHMU 1748食用
58松塔牛肝菌属Strobilomyces包拯松塔牛肝菌Strobilomyces baozhengii N.K. Zeng et al.FHMU 1937未知
59褐细鳞松塔牛肝菌S. brunneolepidotus Har. Takah. & TaneyamaFHMU 1682√未知
60大松塔牛肝菌S. giganteus M. ZangJiang-230MYGL√未知
61阔裂松塔牛肝菌S. latirimosus J.Z. YingFHMU 2057√未知
62厚囊松塔牛肝菌S. pachycystidiatus N.K. Zeng et al.FHMU 1948未知
63半裸松塔牛肝菌S. seminudus HongoFHMU 1883√未知
64牛肝菌科Boletaceae异色牛肝菌属Sutorius淡红异色牛肝菌Sutorius subrufus N.K. Zeng et al.FHMU 2004√未知
65粉孢牛肝菌属Tylopilus肉色粉孢牛肝菌Tylopilus argillaceus HongoFHMU 1622√未知
66黑栗褐粉孢牛肝菌T. atroviolaceobrunneus Y.C. Li & Zhu L. YangFHMU 2927√未知
67大津粉孢牛肝菌T. otsuensis HongoFHMU 1574未知
68紫褐粉孢牛肝菌T. vinosobrunneus HongoFHMU 3355√未知
69蓝绿粉孢牛肝菌T. virescens（Har. Takah. & Taneyama）N.K. Zeng et al.FHMU 1943未知
70祝良粉孢牛肝菌T. yangzhuliangii N.K. Zeng et al.FHMU 2930√未知
71金孢牛肝菌属Xanthoconium暗褐金孢牛肝菌Xanthoconium fusciceps N.K. Zeng et al.FHMU 3350√未知
72褶孔金孢牛肝菌X. porophyllum（T.H. Li et al.）G. Wu & Zhu L. YangFHMU 2048√未知
73中华金孢牛肝菌X. sinense G. Wu et al.FHMU 3343未知
74绒盖牛肝菌属Xerocomus暗褐绒盖牛肝菌Xerocomus fuscatus N.K. Zeng et al.FHMU 4922未知
75亚小绒盖牛肝菌Xer. subparvus Xue T. Zhu & Zhu L. YangFHMU 3344√未知
76小牛肝菌科Boletinellaceae脉柄牛肝菌属Phlebopus暗褐脉柄牛肝菌Phlebopus portentosus（Berk. & Broome）BoedijnFHMU 6644√食药兼用
77硬皮马勃科Sclerodermataceae豆马勃属Pisolithus豆马勃Pisolithus arhizus（Scop.）RauschertFHMU 3351食药兼用
78硬皮马勃属Scleroderma多根硬皮马勃Scleroderma polyrhizum（J.F. Gmel.）Pers.FHMU 3352药用
79黄硬皮马勃S. sinnamariense Mont.FHMU 1576未知
80干腐菌科Serpulaceae干腐菌属Serpula相似干腐菌Serpula similis（Berk. & Broome）GinnsFHMU 1915未知
81乳牛肝菌科Suillaceae乳牛肝菌属Suillus滑皮乳牛肝菌Suillus huapi N.K. Zeng et al.FHMU 3345食用
82广东松乳牛肝菌S. kwangtungensis Rui Zhang et al.FHMU 200√食用
), ArticleFig(id=1276844457781760621, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276844445169488429, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

海南热带雨林国家公园鹦哥岭片区牛肝菌目真菌名录

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号No.科Family属Genus种Species凭证标本Voucher specimen中国新记录种New records to China海南新记录种New records to Hainan海南热带雨林国家公园优先保护物种Priority protected species of the National Park of Hainan Tropical Rainforest经济价值Economic Value
1牛肝菌科Boletaceae变黑牛肝菌属Anthracoporus黑紫变黑牛肝菌Anthracoporus nigropurpureus（Hongo）Yan C. Li & Zhu L. YangFHMU 1599√有毒
2金牛肝菌属Aureoboletus锥鳞金牛肝菌Aureoboletus conicus N.K. Zeng et al.FHMU 4730未知
3重孔金牛肝菌A. duplicatoporus（M. Zang）G. Wu & Zhu L. YangFHMU 3335√未知
4长颈金牛肝菌A. longicollis（Ces.）N.K. Zeng & Ming ZhangFHMU 2005未知
5小果金牛肝菌A. microcarpus N.K. Zeng et al.FHMU 4688未知
6小橙黄金牛肝菌A. miniatoaurantiacus（Bi & Loh）Ming Zhang et al.FHMU 2020未知
7网柄金牛肝菌A. ornatipes N.K. Zeng et al.FHMU 1981未知
8美丽金牛肝菌A. venustus Fang Li et al.FHMU 3146√未知
9南方牛肝菌属Austroboletus褐鳞南方牛肝菌Austroboletus brunneisquamus N.K. Zeng et al.FHMU 5876√未知
10纺锤孢南方牛肝菌Aus. fusisporus（Kawam. ex Imazeki & Hongo）WolfeFHMU 2062未知
11薄瓤牛肝菌属Baorangia复孔薄瓤牛肝菌Baorangia duplicatopora N.K. Zeng et al.FHMU 5877√未知
12条孢牛肝菌属Boletellus网盖条孢牛肝菌Boletellus areolatus Hirot. SatoFHMU 2046√未知
13木生条孢牛肝菌B. emodensis（Berk.）SingerFHMU 1649未知
14红鳞条孢牛肝菌B. erythrolepis N.K. Zeng et al.FHMU 3255未知
15隐纹条孢牛肝菌B. indistinctus G. Wu et al.FHMU 1596√有毒
16近球条孢牛肝菌B. subglobosus N.K. Zeng et al.FHMU 3256未知
17火兴条孢牛肝菌B. zenghuoxingii N.K. Zeng et al.FHMU 3251未知
18牛肝菌科Boletaceae牛肝菌属Boletus灰盖牛肝菌Boletus griseiceps B. Feng et al.FHMU 2054√√食用
19腐生牛肝菌属Buchwaldoboletus中华腐生牛肝菌Buchwaldoboletus xylophilus（Petch）Both & B. OrtizFHMU 5848√食用
20美柄牛肝菌属Caloboletus关羽美柄牛肝菌Caloboletus guanyui N.K. Zeng et al.FHMU 2040食用
21辣牛肝菌属Chalciporus中华辣牛肝菌Chalciporus sinensis N.K. Zeng et al.FHMU 4701√未知
22裘氏牛肝菌属Chiua窄囊裘氏牛肝菌Chiua angusticystidiata Y.C. Li & Zhu L. YangFHMU 2011√未知
23橙牛肝菌属Crocinoboletus日本橙牛肝菌Crocinoboletus laetissimus（Hongo）N.K. Zeng et al.FHMU 2030未知
24橙牛肝菌C. rufoaureus（Massee）N.K. Zeng et al.FHMU 1975药用
25红褶孔牛肝菌属Erythrophylloporus橙红褶孔牛肝菌Erythrophylloporus cinnabarinus Ming Zhang & T.H.LiFHMU 2039未知
26粘柄牛肝菌属Fistulinella绿盖粘柄牛肝菌Fistulinella olivaceoalba T.H.G. Pham et al.FHMU 216未知
27网孢牛肝菌属Heimioporus日本网孢牛肝菌Heimioporus japonicus（Hongo）E. HorakFHMU 231有毒
28园圃牛肝菌属Hortiboletus林谷园圃牛肝菌Hortiboletus napaeus N.K. Zeng et al.FHMU 3326√未知
29厚瓤牛肝菌属Hourangia膨丝厚瓤牛肝菌Hourangia dilatata（W.F. Chiu）N.K. Zeng et al.FHMU 1618未知
30芝麻厚瓤牛肝菌H. nigropunctata（W.F. Chiu）Xue T. Zhu & Zhu L. YangFHMU 1684有毒
31兰茂牛肝菌属Lanmaoa大盖兰茂牛肝菌Lanmaoa macrocarpa N.K. Zeng et al.FHMU 1982√未知
32红盖兰茂牛肝菌L. rubriceps N.K. Zeng & Hui ChaiFHMU 2801√未知
33小疣柄牛肝菌属Leccinellum变红小疣柄牛肝菌Leccinellum alborufescens N.K. Zeng et al.FHMU 1758√未知
34新牛肝菌属Neoboletus锈柄新牛肝菌Neoboletus ferrugineus（G. Wu et al.）N.K. Zeng et al.FHMU 3354√未知
35黄孔新牛肝菌N. flavidus（G. Wu & Zhu L. Yang）N.K. Zeng et al.FHMU 2924√未知
36淡褐新牛肝菌N. infuscatus N.K. Zeng et al.FHMU 3372√未知
37华丽新牛肝菌N. magnificus（W.F. Chiu）Gelard et al.FHMU 3339√食用，但生食会致幻
38密鳞新牛肝菌N. multipunctatus N.K. Zeng et al.FHMU 1620√未知
39暗褐新牛肝菌N. obscureumbrinus（Hongo）N.K. Zeng et al.FHMU 2055√食用
40牛肝菌科Boletaceae小绒盖牛肝菌属Parvixerocomus青木氏小绒盖牛肝菌Parvixerocomus aokii（Hongo）G. Wu et al.FHMU 2026未知
41褶孔牛肝菌属Phylloporus栲林褶孔牛肝菌Phylloporus castanopsidis M.A. Neves & HallingFHMU 1517√√食用
42厚壁褶孔牛肝菌P. grossus N.K. Zeng et al.FHMU 2270食用
43密鳞褶孔牛肝菌P. microsquamus N.K. Zeng et al.FHMU 1678√食用
44小孢褶孔牛肝菌P. parvisporus CornerFHMU 3340食用
45小果褶孔牛肝菌P. pusillus Raspé et al.FHMU 3361√食用
46淡红褶孔牛肝菌P. rubeolus N.K. Zeng et al.FHMU 1585√食用
47红果褶孔牛肝菌P. rubiginosus M.A. Neves & HallingFHMU 2016食用
48变红褶孔牛肝菌P. rufescens CornerFHMU 3290食用
49近淡红褶孔牛肝菌P. subrubeolus Chuankid et al.FHMU 3165食用
50美牛肝菌属Pulchroboletus粉盖美牛肝菌Pulchroboletus erubescens N.K. Zeng et al.FHMU 4543未知
51粉末牛肝菌属Pulveroboletus褐点粉末牛肝菌Pulveroboletus brunneopunctatus G. Wu & Zhu L.YangFHMU 2473有毒
52褐糙粉末牛肝菌Pul. brunneoscabrosus Har. Takah.FHMU 2495有毒
53淡红粉末牛肝菌Pul. subrufus N.K. Zeng & Zhu L. YangFHMU 1899有毒
54网柄牛肝菌属Retiboletus黑灰网柄牛肝菌Retiboletus nigrogriseus N.K. Zeng et al.FHMU 2800√未知
55中华网柄牛肝菌R. sinensis N.K. Zeng & Zhu L. YangFHMU 3341食用
56变红牛肝菌属Rufoboletus海南变红牛肝菌Rufoboletus hainanensis（N.K. Zeng et al.）N.K. Zeng & Zhi Q. LiangHKAS 59816√未知
57皱盖牛肝菌属Rugiboletus皱盖牛肝菌Rugiboletus extremiorientalis（Lj.N. Vassiljeva）G. Wu & Zhu L. YangFHMU 1748食用
58松塔牛肝菌属Strobilomyces包拯松塔牛肝菌Strobilomyces baozhengii N.K. Zeng et al.FHMU 1937未知
59褐细鳞松塔牛肝菌S. brunneolepidotus Har. Takah. & TaneyamaFHMU 1682√未知
60大松塔牛肝菌S. giganteus M. ZangJiang-230MYGL√未知
61阔裂松塔牛肝菌S. latirimosus J.Z. YingFHMU 2057√未知
62厚囊松塔牛肝菌S. pachycystidiatus N.K. Zeng et al.FHMU 1948未知
63半裸松塔牛肝菌S. seminudus HongoFHMU 1883√未知
64牛肝菌科Boletaceae异色牛肝菌属Sutorius淡红异色牛肝菌Sutorius subrufus N.K. Zeng et al.FHMU 2004√未知
65粉孢牛肝菌属Tylopilus肉色粉孢牛肝菌Tylopilus argillaceus HongoFHMU 1622√未知
66黑栗褐粉孢牛肝菌T. atroviolaceobrunneus Y.C. Li & Zhu L. YangFHMU 2927√未知
67大津粉孢牛肝菌T. otsuensis HongoFHMU 1574未知
68紫褐粉孢牛肝菌T. vinosobrunneus HongoFHMU 3355√未知
69蓝绿粉孢牛肝菌T. virescens（Har. Takah. & Taneyama）N.K. Zeng et al.FHMU 1943未知
70祝良粉孢牛肝菌T. yangzhuliangii N.K. Zeng et al.FHMU 2930√未知
71金孢牛肝菌属Xanthoconium暗褐金孢牛肝菌Xanthoconium fusciceps N.K. Zeng et al.FHMU 3350√未知
72褶孔金孢牛肝菌X. porophyllum（T.H. Li et al.）G. Wu & Zhu L. YangFHMU 2048√未知
73中华金孢牛肝菌X. sinense G. Wu et al.FHMU 3343未知
74绒盖牛肝菌属Xerocomus暗褐绒盖牛肝菌Xerocomus fuscatus N.K. Zeng et al.FHMU 4922未知
75亚小绒盖牛肝菌Xer. subparvus Xue T. Zhu & Zhu L. YangFHMU 3344√未知
76小牛肝菌科Boletinellaceae脉柄牛肝菌属Phlebopus暗褐脉柄牛肝菌Phlebopus portentosus（Berk. & Broome）BoedijnFHMU 6644√食药兼用
77硬皮马勃科Sclerodermataceae豆马勃属Pisolithus豆马勃Pisolithus arhizus（Scop.）RauschertFHMU 3351食药兼用
78硬皮马勃属Scleroderma多根硬皮马勃Scleroderma polyrhizum（J.F. Gmel.）Pers.FHMU 3352药用
79黄硬皮马勃S. sinnamariense Mont.FHMU 1576未知
80干腐菌科Serpulaceae干腐菌属Serpula相似干腐菌Serpula similis（Berk. & Broome）GinnsFHMU 1915未知
81乳牛肝菌科Suillaceae乳牛肝菌属Suillus滑皮乳牛肝菌Suillus huapi N.K. Zeng et al.FHMU 3345食用
82广东松乳牛肝菌S. kwangtungensis Rui Zhang et al.FHMU 200√食用
), ArticleFig(id=1276844457886618222, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276844445169488429, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Dominant families of Boletales in Yinggeling area

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
科Family属数Number of genus种数（占比）Number of species（ratio）/%
牛肝菌科Boletaceae3275（91.46）
小牛肝菌科Boletinellaceae11（1.22）
硬皮马勃科Sclerodermataceae23（3.66）
干腐菌科Serpulaceae11（1.22）
乳牛肝菌科Suillaceae12（2.44）
), ArticleFig(id=1276844457962115695, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276844445169488429, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

鹦哥岭片区牛肝菌目优势科列表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
科Family属数Number of genus种数（占比）Number of species（ratio）/%
牛肝菌科Boletaceae3275（91.46）
小牛肝菌科Boletinellaceae11（1.22）
硬皮马勃科Sclerodermataceae23（3.66）
干腐菌科Serpulaceae11（1.22）
乳牛肝菌科Suillaceae12（2.44）
), ArticleFig(id=1276844458025030256, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276844445169488429, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

Dominant genera of Boletales in Yinggeling area

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
属Genus种数Number of species占比ratio/%
金牛肝菌属Aureoboletus78.54
条孢牛肝菌属Boletellus67.32
新牛肝菌属Neoboletus67.32
褶孔牛肝菌属Phylloporus910.98
松塔牛肝菌属Strobilomyces67.32
粉孢牛肝菌属Tylopilus67.32
), ArticleFig(id=1276844458083750513, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276844445169488429, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

鹦哥岭片区牛肝菌目真菌优势属列表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
属Genus种数Number of species占比ratio/%
金牛肝菌属Aureoboletus78.54
条孢牛肝菌属Boletellus67.32
新牛肝菌属Neoboletus67.32
褶孔牛肝菌属Phylloporus910.98
松塔牛肝菌属Strobilomyces67.32
粉孢牛肝菌属Tylopilus67.32
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海南热带雨林国家公园鹦哥岭片区牛肝菌目真菌物种多样性及资源评价
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蒋帅 1, 2 , 符永清 1 , 符新华 1 , 陈运 1 , 邓晓华 1 , 陈徐敏 1 , 米红旭 1, *
热带作物学报 | 种质资源与遗传育种 2024,45(10): 2086-2096
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热带作物学报 |种质资源与遗传育种 2024 , 45 (10) : 2086 -2096
海南热带雨林国家公园鹦哥岭片区牛肝菌目真菌物种多样性及资源评价
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2.海南国家公园研究院，海南海口　571100, bio={"content":"

蒋帅（1987—），女，博士研究生，林业工程师，研究方向：大型真菌的分类及分子系统发育。

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蒋帅（1987—），女，博士研究生，林业工程师，研究方向：大型真菌的分类及分子系统发育。

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蒋帅1, 2, 符永清1, 符新华1, 陈运1, 邓晓华1, 陈徐敏1, 米红旭1, *
作者信息
  • 1.海南热带雨林国家公园管理局鹦哥岭分局，海南白沙　572800
  • 2.海南国家公园研究院，海南海口　571100
通讯作者:
* 米红旭（MI Hongxu），E-mail：。
Species Diversity and Resource Evaluation of Boletales in Yinggeling Area of National Park of Hainan Tropical Rainforest
Shuai JIANG1, 2, Yongqing FU1, Xinhua FU1, Yun CHEN1, Xiaohua DENG1, Xumin CHEN1, Hongxu MI1, *
Affiliations
  • 1.Yinggeling Branch of Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park, Baisha, Hainan 572800, China
  • 2.Hainan Institute of National Park, Haikou, Hainan 571100, China
出版时间: 2024-10-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.10.010
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海南热带雨林国家公园鹦哥岭片区拥有我国华南最为集中连片、面积最大且保存最为完好的热带雨林，真菌多样性丰富，其中具重要生态、科研和经济价值的牛肝菌目真菌更是种类多样。在过去的10余年，本研究采用踏查法对鹦哥岭片区的牛肝菌目真菌进行调查，采集标本近300号。利用形态解剖与分子系统发育相结合的方法，同时综合考虑生态特性及地理分布特征，鉴定出该目真菌5科37属82种，包括了以鹦哥岭片区为模式产地的2个属和26个物种，中国新记录种2个，海南新记录种20个。牛肝菌目真菌物种组成分析表明，鹦哥岭片区含10种以上的优势科为牛肝菌科，其物种数占物种总数的91.46%；含5种以上的优势属有6属，即金牛肝菌属（Aureoboletus）、条孢牛肝菌属（Boletellus）、新牛肝菌属（Neoboletus）、褶孔牛肝菌属（Phylloporus）、松塔牛肝菌属（Strobilomyces）和粉孢牛肝菌属（Tylopilus），这6属包含的种类占物种总数的48.78%。大型真菌资源利用价值评估表明，鹦哥岭片区的牛肝菌目真菌有食用菌20种、药用菌4种、毒菌8种，部分种类具有较好的应用前景。

牛肝菌目  /  大型真菌  /  物种多样性

Yinggeling area of the National Park of Hainan Tropical Rainforest preserves the largest and most intact tropical rainforest in South China. It is extraordinarily rich in fungal species, especially the fungi of Boletales with important ecological, scientific and economic values. Nearly 300 specimens of Boletales were collected from Yinggeling area in the past 10 years. On the basis of morphology, molecular phylogenetic analyses, ecological characteristics, and geographical information, a total of 82 species of Boletales, belonging to 37 genera and 5 families, have been identified. Among them, 2 genera and 26 species were typified from Yinggeling, 2 were new to China, and 20 were new to Hainan Province. In the Boletales in Yinggeling area, the only dominant family, with more than 10 species, was Boletaceae, accounting for 91.46% of the total species. There were 6 dominant genera (Aureoboletus, Boletellus, Neoboletus, Phylloporus, Strobilomyces, and Tylopilus), with more than 5 species, haboring 48.78% of the total species of this Order. Among the Boletales species from Yinggeling area, 20, 4, and 8 are considered to be edible, medicinal and poisonous mushrooms, respectively.

Boletales  /  macrofungi  /  species diversity
蒋帅, 符永清, 符新华, 陈运, 邓晓华, 陈徐敏, 米红旭. 海南热带雨林国家公园鹦哥岭片区牛肝菌目真菌物种多样性及资源评价. 热带作物学报, 2024 , 45 (10) : 2086 -2096 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.10.010
Shuai JIANG, Yongqing FU, Xinhua FU, Yun CHEN, Xiaohua DENG, Xumin CHEN, Hongxu MI. Species Diversity and Resource Evaluation of Boletales in Yinggeling Area of National Park of Hainan Tropical Rainforest[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2024 , 45 (10) : 2086 -2096 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.10.010
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海南热带雨林国家公园鹦哥岭片区位于海南岛中南部，跨白沙、琼中、五指山和乐东4县市，总面积882 km2，主要保护对象为海南热带雨林生态系统。鹦哥岭片区属中山山地地貌，所处黎母岭山脉南段，呈东北—西南走向，最高峰为鹦哥岭山峰，海拔1812 m，最低海拔为170 m，相对高差1642 m。该片区属热带海洋性季风气候，年均气温20~24 ℃，年平均降水量为1800~2700 mm，雨量充沛，是海南的主要水源地。区域内植被类型丰富，包括了低地热带雨林、热带季雨林、热带山地雨林、热带山地常绿阔叶林、热带针叶林和热带山顶矮林的完整植被谱带[1]，为大型真菌的生存繁衍提供了充分条件。
海南热带雨林国家公园管理局鹦哥岭分局是在原海南鹦哥岭省级自然保护区管理站、原海南佳西省级自然保护区管理站和原海南省南高岭林场的基础上组建的。原海南鹦哥岭省级自然保护区在其成立初期的生物资源本底调查中，仅记录了大型真菌76种[1]，包括牛肝菌目真菌2科5属5种。原佳西省级自然保护区记录到大型真菌51属117个分类单元[2]（包括变种），包括牛肝菌目真菌1科1属2种。之后，随着对鹦哥岭片区牛肝菌目真菌资源野外调查的加强，同时利用大型真菌监测平台进行常态化监测，截至到2020年底，在鹦哥岭片区共发现牛肝菌目真菌5科31属62种[3]。海南热带雨林国家公园正式成立后，通过对鹦哥岭片区牛肝菌目真菌资源进行专项深入研究，以鹦哥岭为模式产地的16个牛肝菌新种和1个海南新记录种又陆续被发现[4-14]。
牛肝菌目真菌中的大部分种类能与壳斗科、龙脑香科、松科等植物形成共生关系[15-16]，对于森林生态系统平衡的维护、退化生态系统中的植被恢复以及植树造林具有重要作用[17]。同时，牛肝菌目的多种真菌具有食用及药用价值，少部分种类还具有毒性[18-20]，因此，该目真菌是大型真菌中的热点研究类群。本研究通过对鹦哥岭片区牛肝菌目真菌资源进行较为全面的调查，以期进一步了解该区域大型真菌资源的物种多样性，发现该区域具有重要经济价值的真菌资源，为海南热带雨林国家公园大型真菌资源的保护、管理和利用提供科学依据。
1　材料与方法
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1.1　材料
研究材料为2009—2023年在鹦哥岭片区内通过野外采集得到的标本。凭证标本保存于海南医科大学真菌标本馆（Fungal Herbarium of Hainan Medical University，FHMU）。
1.2　方法
1.2.1　调查方法
野外调查采用踏查法。调查区域为海南热带雨林国家公园鹦哥岭片区全域。在野外调查过程中，对大型真菌的生境、子实体等进行拍照，记录标本采集地点的经纬度及海拔，采集标本并现场编号；填写野外蘑菇采集记录表格，详细记录每号标本新鲜子实体各部位特征信息。制作用于提取总DNA的硅胶干燥材料；后将子实体在烘干机内于50 ℃烘干过夜，待标本完全干透后用自封袋装好标本。
1.2.2　形态学研究
包括宏观形态特征和显微结构特征的观察和测量。标本的宏观形态观察包括子实体大小、颜色、菌盖及菌柄特征、菌肉厚度、菌管颜色及长度（或菌褶颜色及宽度）、菌孔直径（或每厘米所含菌褶数量）、菌管（或菌褶）着生方式、菌柄基部菌丝颜色、子实层体和菌肉受伤后颜色变化等。对干燥标本的显微特征进行观察包括在光学显微镜下观察担孢子大小、形状、表面特征，担子形状、大小、担子小梗数量和长度，囊状体大小、形状，菌盖表皮及菌柄表皮等特征。显微结构观察以5%的KOH作为浮载剂，用1%的刚果红进行染色，测量数据并绘图。担孢子大小在100倍物镜下，测量其侧面观（脐突位于孢子一侧时）的长度和宽度，每个标本测量20个以上的成熟担孢子。根据实际需要，利用扫描电镜观察担孢子纹饰，并与国内外相关的标本进行对比研究。
1.2.3　分子系统发育研究
采用改良的CTAB法提取标本的总DNA，针对不同目的片段选择对应的扩增引物和反应体系进行PCR扩增及纯化，之后选择核糖体大亚基（nrLSU）、编码核糖体RNA的内转录间隔区（ITS）、翻译延长因子1-α（tef1-α）、编码RNA聚合酶第一大亚基（rpb1）、编码RNA聚合酶II第二大亚基（rpb2）等基因片段进行多基因测序，PCR产物直接测序失败的样品，采用克隆测序法获得序列。得到的序列用软件SeqMan进行拼接，后用软件MUSCLE v3.6进行序列对齐，在Bioedit上进行调整，确定序列边界，比对后采用MrBayes和RAxML等软件进行单独分析和联合分析，构建系统发育树。物种名称参照真菌索引网站（http://www.indexfungorum.org）中最新的研究成果和李玉等[21]所著的《中国大型菌物资源图鉴》一书。
1.2.4　资源评价
根据物种分类鉴定结果，对鹦哥岭片区牛肝菌目真菌科、属、种的数量进行统计，并参考相关文献[22]，将物种数≥10种的科定为优势科，物种数≥5种的属定为优势属。牛肝菌目真菌的食、药用价值及有毒物种的分析参考相关文献[23-27]中所报道的食用菌、药用菌以及毒菌的物种名录。
2　结果与分析
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根据对鹦哥岭片区野外采集的大型真菌标本进行整理和鉴定，区内生长分布的牛肝菌目真菌共82种（表1），隶属于5科37属。其中包括了以鹦哥岭片区为模式产地的2个属和26个物种（图1、图2），2个中国新记录种和20个海南新记录种。此外，该牛肝菌目真菌名录中还包括海南热带雨林国家公园优先保护物种21个（表1），较为全面地反映了鹦哥岭片区牛肝菌目真菌的物种多样性。
2.1　牛肝菌目真菌优势科属组成
2.1.1　优势科组成
根据表2的统计结果，种类最多的优势科为牛肝菌科，共包含32属75种，占总种数的91.46%。
2.1.2　优势属组成
鹦哥岭片区牛肝菌目真菌优势属分析结果显示（表3），含5种以上的优势属有6个，合计40种，占总种数的48.78%。种类最多的优势属为褶孔牛肝菌属，包含9种，占总种数的10.98%；第二大属是金牛肝菌属，包含7种，占总种数的8.54%；其次是条孢牛肝菌属、新牛肝菌属、松塔牛肝菌属和粉孢牛肝菌属，均包含6种，均占总种数的7.32%。
2.2　鹦哥岭片区牛肝菌目真菌资源评价
根据统计，鹦哥岭片区牛肝菌目真菌中，具有食用价值的有20种，具有药用价值的有4种（其中食药兼用菌2种），有毒的种类8种。
2.2.1　食用菌资源
鹦哥岭片区牛肝菌目中的可食用种类占总数的24.39%，其中较常食用的种类包括华丽新牛肝菌（Neoboletus magnificus）、暗褐新牛肝菌（N. obscureumbrinus）、皱盖牛肝菌（Rugiboletus extremiorientalis）、暗褐脉柄牛肝菌（Phlebopus portentosus）和中华腐生牛肝菌（Buchwaldoboletus xylophilus）等。华丽新牛肝菌最早描述于云南，是当地重要的野生食用菌，因其子实体各部位受伤后变为蓝色，故称其为“见手青”，需要注意的是，该种牛肝菌生食会出现幻觉，要完全煮熟后方可食用。暗褐新牛肝菌不仅子实体很大，而且非常美味。皱盖牛肝菌在我国云南地区被称为“黄癞头”，在各地的农贸市场有销售，颇受人们欢迎。暗褐脉柄牛肝菌又名“黑牛肝”，个体非常大，菌盖直径有时可超过20 cm，是牛肝菌目中第一种可以人工栽培的种类，在我国已成功实现大规模人工栽培。中华腐生牛肝菌已于2021年在云南成功实现小规模人工栽培[28]，成为世界上第二种可人工栽培的牛肝菌。本研究调查到的褶孔牛肝菌属（Phylloporus）物种均可食用。此外，通过访谈了解到，海南当地黎族百姓也会采食豆马勃（Pisolithus arhizus）幼嫩的子实体。
2.2.2　药用菌资源
鹦哥岭片区牛肝菌目中可药用的种类占总数的4.88%，它们是橙牛肝菌（Crocinoboletus rufoaureus）、暗褐脉柄牛肝菌、豆马勃和多根硬皮马勃（Scleroderma polyrhizum）。有研究表明，橙牛肝菌粗多糖的抗氧化活性较显著，具有开发为天然抗氧化剂的潜力[29]。暗褐脉柄牛肝菌具有对急性肝损伤及神经细胞的保护作用，同时还具有抗氧化、抗高血压、抗菌、抗癌等活性[30]。豆马勃具有止血、消肿的功效，并具有杀菌、抗氧化及抗肿瘤的活性。多根硬皮马勃具有消肿止血的功效，可用于治疗外伤出血、冻疮流水，此外其液体发酵液还具有抗炎镇痛作用。
2.2.3　毒菌资源
鹦哥岭片区牛肝菌目中有毒的种类占总数的9.76%。其中黑紫变黑牛肝菌毒性较大，中毒后潜伏期及持续时间相对较短，可引起头晕、头痛、视力模糊、四肢无力、红眼、肌肉抽筋甚至颤抖等症状，可能属于神经型毒蘑菇种类[31]；误食隐纹条孢牛肝菌、日本网孢牛肝菌、芝麻厚瓤牛肝菌、褐点粉末牛肝菌、褐糙粉末牛肝菌和淡红粉末牛肝菌则会引起胃肠炎症状，应避免采食。
2.3　鹦哥岭片区牛肝菌目真菌资源保护和可持续利用
2.3.1　鹦哥岭片区牛肝菌目真菌资源的保护
团队在对鹦哥岭牛肝菌目真菌资源进行研究的同时，发现有些物种的野外分布区域较为狭窄，一旦受到人为干扰很容易致危，如果不加以有效保护，其野外生存状况堪忧。为此，应对这些物种进行长期监测并开展就地保护。
2022年《海南热带雨林国家公园优先保护物种名录》[32]正式向社会公开发布，保护物种包括海南热带雨林国家公园范围内分布的脊椎动物、植物、大型真菌3个类群。鹦哥岭片区牛肝菌目真菌中有21个物种列于该名录中。因此，鹦哥岭片区的牛肝菌目真菌资源亟待保护。建议从以下两个方面着手：第一，加强宣传。通过深入村委会、学校进行大型真菌科普教育等方式来提高海南热带雨林国家公园周边社区百姓对大型真菌资源的保护意识。第二，加强科学研究。开展牛肝菌目真菌资源常态化监测，同时加强对受威胁物种的研究；对于可培养的种类，可通过菌种分离，保存其种质资源，并加强人工栽培技术的研究，以期缓解其野外生存压力。
2.3.2　牛肝菌目真菌资源的可持续性利用
牛肝菌目中的大多种类能够与壳斗科、松科、龙脑香科等植物形成互共生关系，因此较难实现人工栽培。暗褐脉柄牛肝菌在云南地区已经成功实现仿野生栽培。在鹦哥岭片区的低海拔阔叶林及村子周边的榕树林，均发现有该牛肝菌生长。因此，可以尝试在海南仿野生栽培暗褐脉柄牛肝菌，发展林下经济，努力探索将绿水青山转化为金山银山的转化路径，助力海南热带雨林国家公园建设。此外，针对鹦哥岭片区牛肝菌目真菌中的大部分物种，尤其是新发现的物种，人们目前对它们的潜在价值尚不清楚，后续有必要对其子实体化学成分、药理活性等进行研究，为热带真菌资源的开发利用提供科学依据。
3　讨论
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本研究对鹦哥岭片区牛肝菌目真菌资源进行调查、分类和鉴定，共发现该目真菌5科37属82种。大多数牛肝菌是外生菌根真菌，鹦哥岭片区丰富的牛肝菌资源与区域内丰富的宿主植物资源关系密切，该片区分布有壳斗科青冈属（Cyclobalanopsis）、锥属（Castanopsis）、柯属（Lithocarpus）、栎属（Quercus），松科植物海南五针松（Pinus fenzeliana）和广东松（P. kwangtungensis）等植物，这些植物为牛肝菌的生长提供了必要条件。同时，丰富的牛肝菌目真菌资源也可作为海南热带雨林生态系统平衡的一项生物指征，从一定程度上反映生态系统的状况。除了该类真菌，鹦哥岭片区还分布着很多其他种类的大型真菌，这些类群与牛肝菌目真菌均是海南热带雨林国家公园生物多样性的重要组成部分。基于前期的研究，推测该区域还蕴藏着大量有待发现的新种或新记录种。因此，建议海南热带雨林国家公园管理部门持续关注大型真菌资源研究，进一步加强布局和统筹，增加研究经费的投入，组织相关领域的专家学者对包括鹦哥岭片区在内的海南热带雨林国家公园的大型真菌资源进行长期、持续、深入的调查研究，同时对各片区的科研及管护人员进行业务知识培训，培养更多大型真菌分类人才和“乡土专家”。在此基础上，深入了解海南热带雨林国家公园大型真菌多样性情况，这对公园生物多样性的保护以及可持续利用等均具有重要意义。
基金
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  • 海南国家公园研究院科研项目(KY-22ZK06)
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(31560005; 31760008)
文献
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参考文献 引证文献
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2024年第45卷第10期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.10.010
  • 接收时间：2024-04-30
  • 首发时间：2026-06-25
  • 出版时间：2024-10-25
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  • 收稿日期：2024-04-30
  • 修回日期：2024-05-25
基金
海南国家公园研究院科研项目(KY-22ZK06)
国家自然科学基金项目(31560005; 31760008)
作者信息
    1.海南热带雨林国家公园管理局鹦哥岭分局，海南白沙　572800
    2.海南国家公园研究院，海南海口　571100

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* 米红旭（MI Hongxu），E-mail：。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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