Article(id=1276175545557717746, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276175380184695804, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.09.021, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1698768000000, receivedDateStr=2023-11-01, revisedDate=1707062400000, revisedDateStr=2024-02-05, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1782193560255, onlineDateStr=2026-06-23, pubDate=1727193600000, pubDateStr=2024-09-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1782193560255, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-23, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1782193560255, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1782193560255, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1276175380184695804, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, year='2024', volume='45', issue='9', pageStart='1761', pageEnd='1997', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1727193600000', pubDateStr='2024-09-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1782193520816, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782193908264, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1276177005326504448, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276175380184695804, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1276177005326504449, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276175380184695804, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1958, endPage=1965, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1276175545964565236, articleId=1276175545557717746, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=EN, title=Effects of Yunnan Yuanjiang Noni Juice on Blood Pressure of Normal Rats and Blood Sugar of Diabetes Model Mice, columnId=1236286112713470633, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, columnName=Post-harvest Treatment & Quality Safety, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Normal rats and diabetes model mice were used to explore the effects of Yunnan Yuanjiang noni juice and other noni juice on blood pressure of normal rats and blood sugar of diabetes model mice. The changes of blood pressure in normal rats and blood sugar in diabetes model mice were observed before and after the test. After anesthesia in normal rats, medication or fruit juice was infused into the duodenum, using direct pressure measurement method to measure blood pressure, reading blood pressure values before and after the experiment and conducting data analysis. The model of diabetes mice was established by intraperitoneal injection of alloxan, and the successful mice were given corresponding drugs or juice, continuous administration or juice for nine days. Mouse blood was collected on the 10th day to measure the fasting blood glucose values for comparative analysis. As the analysis of rat blood pressure revealed, there was no significant difference in blood pressure values between the high dose group of Yunnan Yuanjiang noni juice before and after injection; there was a very significant difference in blood pressure values before and after 90 minutes of injection in the medium dose group; there was a significant difference in blood pressure values between the low dose group before and after 240 minutes of injection; the medium dose group had the best blood pressure lowering effect. Analysis of blood sugar in diabetes model mice found that the low, medium and high dose groups of Yunnan Yuanjiang noni juice could reduce blood sugar to varying degrees, and the low-dose group had the best hypoglycemic effect, the hypoglycemic rate of Tahiti noni juice was 0.00%. Yunnan Yuanjiang noni juice has the dual effect of lowering blood sugar and blood pressure, and the low dose group has the best effect of reducing blood sugar. Noni introduced from Hawaii to Xishuangbanna, Yunnan and Yuanjiang, Yunnan has no significant effect on its blood sugar lowering effect.

, authors=null, authorsList=Pengpeng DU, Jianzhao WANG, Zengquan LAN, Can WANG, Tian WU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Tian WU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1276175546895700726, articleId=1276175545557717746, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=CN, title=云南元江诺丽果汁对正常大鼠血压与糖尿病模型小鼠血糖的影响, columnId=1236286112877048492, journalTitle=热带作物学报, columnName=采后处理与质量安全, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为了探究云南元江诺丽果汁与其他种类诺丽果汁对正常大鼠血压与糖尿病模型小鼠血糖的影响,以正常大鼠和糖尿病模型小鼠为研究对象,观察试验前后正常大鼠血压和糖尿病模型小鼠血糖的变化。正常大鼠麻醉后经十二指肠灌注药或果汁,采用直接测压法测定血压,读取试验前后的血压值并进行数据分析;采用腹腔注射四氧嘧啶建立糖尿病小鼠模型,并分别给予造模成功的小鼠相对应的药物或果汁,每日给药或果汁1次,连续给药或果汁9 d,并在第10天采集小鼠血液测定其空腹血糖数值进行研究对比分析。分析大鼠血压发现,云南元江高剂量组在注射云南元江诺丽果汁前后血压值无显著差异;中剂量组在注射90 min前后血压值差异极显著;低剂量组在注射240 min前后血压值差异显著;中剂量组降血压效果最佳。分析糖尿病模型小鼠血糖发现,注射云南元江诺丽果汁的低、中、高3个剂量组均可不同程度地降低血糖,且低剂量组的降血糖效果最佳;大溪地诺丽果汁降糖率为0.00%。云南元江诺丽果汁具有降血糖和降血压的双重功效,且低剂量组降血糖的效果最显著;诺丽由美国夏威夷引种至云南西双版纳和元江,对其降血糖的功效并无显著影响。

, authors=

杜鹏鹏(1996—),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:园艺植物资源与应用。

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* 吴田(WU Tian),E-mail:
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杜鹏鹏(1996—),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:园艺植物资源与应用。

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杜鹏鹏(1996—),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:园艺植物资源与应用。

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(in Chinese), articleTitle=The analysis and evaluation of appearance character and nutritive content in different Morinda citurifolia L. germplasms, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276465396018447269, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175545557717746, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=37, issue=9, pageStart=292, pageEnd=295, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[35], rfOrder=56, authorNames=李晓花, 管燕红, 赵俊凌, 张丽霞, journalName=食品工业, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李晓花, 管燕红, 赵俊凌, 张丽霞. 不同产地诺丽干果的营养成分比较分析[J]. 食品工业, 2016, 37(9): 292-295., articleTitle=不同产地诺丽干果的营养成分比较分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276465396089750438, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175545557717746, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=37, issue=9, pageStart=292, pageEnd=295, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[35], rfOrder=57, authorNames=LI X H, GUAN Y H, ZHAO J L, ZHANG L X, journalName=Food Industry, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI X H, GUAN Y H, ZHAO J L, ZHANG L X. Comparative analysis of nutrient composition of noni dried fruit from different origin[J]. Food Industry, 2016, 37(9): 292-295. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Comparative analysis of nutrient composition of noni dried fruit from different origin, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276465396156859303, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175545557717746, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=null, issue=9, pageStart=150, pageEnd=154, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[36], rfOrder=58, authorNames=李倩, 高海荣, 郭九峰, journalName=黑龙江农业科学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李倩, 高海荣, 郭九峰. 甘草主要化学成分及药效活性与环境关系研究进展[J]. 黑龙江农业科学, 2019(9): 150-154., articleTitle=甘草主要化学成分及药效活性与环境关系研究进展, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276465396228162472, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175545557717746, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=null, issue=9, pageStart=150, pageEnd=154, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[36], rfOrder=59, authorNames=LI Q, GAO H R, GUO J F, journalName=Heilongjiang Agricultural Sciences, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI Q, GAO H R, GUO J F. Progress in the relationship between main chemical components and environment of licorice[J]. Heilongjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2019(9): 150-154. 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Administration of various test groups in normal rats

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组别Group注射物Injectant剂量Dose/(mL·kg–1
空白对照组纯水10
阳性对照组1.25 mg/mL复方利血平氨苯喋啶溶液10
大溪地组大溪地诺丽果汁10
云南元江高剂量组云南元江诺丽果汁20
云南元江中剂量组云南元江诺丽果汁10
云南元江低剂量组云南元江诺丽果汁5
), ArticleFig(id=1276465390775567203, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175545557717746, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

正常大鼠各试验组的注射情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别Group注射物Injectant剂量Dose/(mL·kg–1
空白对照组纯水10
阳性对照组1.25 mg/mL复方利血平氨苯喋啶溶液10
大溪地组大溪地诺丽果汁10
云南元江高剂量组云南元江诺丽果汁20
云南元江中剂量组云南元江诺丽果汁10
云南元江低剂量组云南元江诺丽果汁5
), ArticleFig(id=1276465391098528612, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175545557717746, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Administration situation of various test groups about diabetic mice

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组别Group注射物Injectant剂量Dose/(mL·kg–1
模型对照组纯水20
阳性对照组3.75 mg/mL盐酸苯乙双胍溶液75
大溪地组100%大溪地诺丽果汁20
云南元江高剂量组200%云南元江诺丽果汁20
云南元江中剂量组100%云南元江诺丽果汁20
云南元江低剂量组50%云南元江诺丽果汁20
), ArticleFig(id=1276465391169831781, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175545557717746, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

糖尿病小鼠各试剂组的给药情况

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组别Group注射物Injectant剂量Dose/(mL·kg–1
模型对照组纯水20
阳性对照组3.75 mg/mL盐酸苯乙双胍溶液75
大溪地组100%大溪地诺丽果汁20
云南元江高剂量组200%云南元江诺丽果汁20
云南元江中剂量组100%云南元江诺丽果汁20
云南元江低剂量组50%云南元江诺丽果汁20
), ArticleFig(id=1276465391241134950, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175545557717746, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

Effect of Yunnan Yuanjiang noni juice on blood pressure in normal rats

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组别Group注药前血压Blood pressure before injection/(mmHg)注药后血压Blood pressure after injection/(mmHg)
30 min60 min90 min120 min180 min240 min
空白对照组81.6±7.282.3±5.783.6±4.880.1±4.979.6±5.078.4±5.676.2±8.5
阳性对照组84.9±6.377.3±8.5*77.8±5.5*74.2±7.6**72.8±8.6**70.0±9.4***67.7±8.6***
大溪地组85.8±5.283.6±7.782.4±7.074.5±10.8**73.9±9.4**68.6±12.7***67.3±13.0***
云南元江高剂量组82.7±7.882.9±5.486.9±5.282.8±6.683.4±4.080.9±7.979.8±6.6
云南元江中剂量组85.3±5.083.5±6.881.4±8.277.2±6.9**77.6±8.1*71.8±9.4**70.1±8.9***
云南元江低剂量组82.0±5.782.8±8.483.0±8.278.6±8.578.2±7.376.7±6.775.3±7.2*
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云南元江诺丽果汁对正常大鼠血压的影响

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组别Group注药前血压Blood pressure before injection/(mmHg)注药后血压Blood pressure after injection/(mmHg)
30 min60 min90 min120 min180 min240 min
空白对照组81.6±7.282.3±5.783.6±4.880.1±4.979.6±5.078.4±5.676.2±8.5
阳性对照组84.9±6.377.3±8.5*77.8±5.5*74.2±7.6**72.8±8.6**70.0±9.4***67.7±8.6***
大溪地组85.8±5.283.6±7.782.4±7.074.5±10.8**73.9±9.4**68.6±12.7***67.3±13.0***
云南元江高剂量组82.7±7.882.9±5.486.9±5.282.8±6.683.4±4.080.9±7.979.8±6.6
云南元江中剂量组85.3±5.083.5±6.881.4±8.277.2±6.9**77.6±8.1*71.8±9.4**70.1±8.9***
云南元江低剂量组82.0±5.782.8±8.483.0±8.278.6±8.578.2±7.376.7±6.775.3±7.2*
), ArticleFig(id=1276465391379546984, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175545557717746, language=EN, label=Tab. 4, caption=

Blood glucose in diabetic mice with alloxouracil after modeling

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组别Group造模后的血糖值Blood glucose value after molding/(mmol·L–1
空白对照组8.42±1.45
模型对照组30.72±5.30***
阳性对照组30.77±4.77***
大溪地组27.96±5.92***
云南元江高剂量组32.34±3.50***
云南元江中剂量组32.60±2.59***
云南元江低剂量组30.69±4.94***
), ArticleFig(id=1276465391446655849, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175545557717746, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

四氧嘧啶糖尿病模型小鼠造模后的血糖

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别Group造模后的血糖值Blood glucose value after molding/(mmol·L–1
空白对照组8.42±1.45
模型对照组30.72±5.30***
阳性对照组30.77±4.77***
大溪地组27.96±5.92***
云南元江高剂量组32.34±3.50***
云南元江中剂量组32.60±2.59***
云南元江低剂量组30.69±4.94***
), ArticleFig(id=1276465391526347626, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175545557717746, language=EN, label=Tab. 5, caption=

Effect of noni juice on blood sugar of diabetic mice induced by alloxan

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组别Group血糖值Blood sugar value/(mmol·L–1降糖率Rate of reduction/%
给药前Before administration给药后After administration
模型对照组30.72±5.3021.96±8.86
阳性对照组30.77±4.7714.40±7.01*34.43
大溪地组27.96±5.9222.22±9.240.00
云南元江高剂量组32.34±3.5016.53±13.3224.73
云南元江中剂量组32.60±2.5916.33±11.0825.64
云南元江低剂量组30.69±4.9414.97±7.66*31.83
), ArticleFig(id=1276465391593456491, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175545557717746, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

诺丽果汁对四氧嘧啶所致糖尿病小鼠血糖的影响

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组别Group血糖值Blood sugar value/(mmol·L–1降糖率Rate of reduction/%
给药前Before administration给药后After administration
模型对照组30.72±5.3021.96±8.86
阳性对照组30.77±4.7714.40±7.01*34.43
大溪地组27.96±5.9222.22±9.240.00
云南元江高剂量组32.34±3.5016.53±13.3224.73
云南元江中剂量组32.60±2.5916.33±11.0825.64
云南元江低剂量组30.69±4.9414.97±7.66*31.83
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云南元江诺丽果汁对正常大鼠血压与糖尿病模型小鼠血糖的影响
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杜鹏鹏 1 , 王建昭 1 , 蓝增全 2 , 王灿 3 , 吴田 1, *
热带作物学报 | 采后处理与质量安全 2024,45(9): 1958-1965
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热带作物学报 |采后处理与质量安全 2024 , 45 (9) : 1958 -1965
云南元江诺丽果汁对正常大鼠血压与糖尿病模型小鼠血糖的影响
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杜鹏鹏1, 王建昭1, 蓝增全2, 王灿3, 吴田1, *
作者信息
  • 1.西南林业大学园林园艺学院,云南昆明 650224
  • 2.西南林业大学绿色发展研究院,云南昆明 650224
  • 3.中国热带农业科学院香料饮料研究所,海南万宁 571533
通讯作者:
* 吴田(WU Tian),E-mail:
Effects of Yunnan Yuanjiang Noni Juice on Blood Pressure of Normal Rats and Blood Sugar of Diabetes Model Mice
Pengpeng DU1, Jianzhao WANG1, Zengquan LAN2, Can WANG3, Tian WU1, *
Affiliations
  • 1.College of Landscape Architecture and Horticulture Sciences, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan 650224, China
  • 2.Institute of Green Development of Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan 650224, China
  • 3.Spice and Beverage Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wanning, Hainan 571533, China
出版时间: 2024-09-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.09.021
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为了探究云南元江诺丽果汁与其他种类诺丽果汁对正常大鼠血压与糖尿病模型小鼠血糖的影响,以正常大鼠和糖尿病模型小鼠为研究对象,观察试验前后正常大鼠血压和糖尿病模型小鼠血糖的变化。正常大鼠麻醉后经十二指肠灌注药或果汁,采用直接测压法测定血压,读取试验前后的血压值并进行数据分析;采用腹腔注射四氧嘧啶建立糖尿病小鼠模型,并分别给予造模成功的小鼠相对应的药物或果汁,每日给药或果汁1次,连续给药或果汁9 d,并在第10天采集小鼠血液测定其空腹血糖数值进行研究对比分析。分析大鼠血压发现,云南元江高剂量组在注射云南元江诺丽果汁前后血压值无显著差异;中剂量组在注射90 min前后血压值差异极显著;低剂量组在注射240 min前后血压值差异显著;中剂量组降血压效果最佳。分析糖尿病模型小鼠血糖发现,注射云南元江诺丽果汁的低、中、高3个剂量组均可不同程度地降低血糖,且低剂量组的降血糖效果最佳;大溪地诺丽果汁降糖率为0.00%。云南元江诺丽果汁具有降血糖和降血压的双重功效,且低剂量组降血糖的效果最显著;诺丽由美国夏威夷引种至云南西双版纳和元江,对其降血糖的功效并无显著影响。

诺丽果汁  /  辅助药物  /  降血糖功效  /  降血压功效

Normal rats and diabetes model mice were used to explore the effects of Yunnan Yuanjiang noni juice and other noni juice on blood pressure of normal rats and blood sugar of diabetes model mice. The changes of blood pressure in normal rats and blood sugar in diabetes model mice were observed before and after the test. After anesthesia in normal rats, medication or fruit juice was infused into the duodenum, using direct pressure measurement method to measure blood pressure, reading blood pressure values before and after the experiment and conducting data analysis. The model of diabetes mice was established by intraperitoneal injection of alloxan, and the successful mice were given corresponding drugs or juice, continuous administration or juice for nine days. Mouse blood was collected on the 10th day to measure the fasting blood glucose values for comparative analysis. As the analysis of rat blood pressure revealed, there was no significant difference in blood pressure values between the high dose group of Yunnan Yuanjiang noni juice before and after injection; there was a very significant difference in blood pressure values before and after 90 minutes of injection in the medium dose group; there was a significant difference in blood pressure values between the low dose group before and after 240 minutes of injection; the medium dose group had the best blood pressure lowering effect. Analysis of blood sugar in diabetes model mice found that the low, medium and high dose groups of Yunnan Yuanjiang noni juice could reduce blood sugar to varying degrees, and the low-dose group had the best hypoglycemic effect, the hypoglycemic rate of Tahiti noni juice was 0.00%. Yunnan Yuanjiang noni juice has the dual effect of lowering blood sugar and blood pressure, and the low dose group has the best effect of reducing blood sugar. Noni introduced from Hawaii to Xishuangbanna, Yunnan and Yuanjiang, Yunnan has no significant effect on its blood sugar lowering effect.

Morinda citrifolia juice  /  adjuvant drugs  /  hypoglycemic effect  /  blood pressure lowering effect
杜鹏鹏, 王建昭, 蓝增全, 王灿, 吴田. 云南元江诺丽果汁对正常大鼠血压与糖尿病模型小鼠血糖的影响. 热带作物学报, 2024 , 45 (9) : 1958 -1965 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.09.021
Pengpeng DU, Jianzhao WANG, Zengquan LAN, Can WANG, Tian WU. Effects of Yunnan Yuanjiang Noni Juice on Blood Pressure of Normal Rats and Blood Sugar of Diabetes Model Mice[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2024 , 45 (9) : 1958 -1965 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.09.021
诺丽(Morinda citrifolia)又称海巴戟,茜草科,巴戟天属,灌木至小乔木,果实为聚花核果浆果状,熟果采后极易软化腐烂产生腐臭味[1],生长于热带丛林中,是一种热带果树[2],在我国主要分布于台湾和云南等地[3],1991年引种至海南,成为海南的特色水果[4]。诺丽用途广泛,可药食两用,也是一种保健食品。其富含多酚和黄铜[5],具有抗氧化、抗肿瘤[6]等多种功效,果实、根、叶片、枝干均可入药[7],果体内的活性物质和营养成分是药用成分的主要来源[8],有较好的经济价值[9]。前人已在诺丽果汁中检测到200多种功能性成分[10],波利尼西亚人以诺丽作为药物治疗疾病已有2000多年的历史[11],现代药理学研究表明,诺丽可缓解病痛[12],能治疗蚊虫叮咬引起的感染性疾病[13],其提取物可以缓解细菌引起的感冒等症状[14],同时能作为药物辅助治疗糖尿病、消化不良以及高血压疾病[15-16],在治疗感染方面效果显著[17],还可抗肿瘤[18]。作为全球最畅销的健康产品之一[19],近几年,诺丽产品在我国广泛销售,如诺丽发酵产品、诺丽果粉、诺丽果汁等,其作为药用作物也被越来越多的国家引种栽培。国内有许多有关诺丽营养价值的研究,但关于诺丽在引种后不同环境条件下其药效功能变化方面的研究较少,尤其缺少因环境变化而影响其降血糖及血压功效的研究。
本研究以云南元江诺丽鲜果汁为试验材料,以大溪地诺丽果汁作为对照,观察正常大鼠和糖尿病模型小鼠注药或注果汁前后血压和血糖的变化情况,以便进一步探讨来自其他地区的诺丽果种植元江县后其适应环境的过程中内在成分在降血压与血糖方面是否受到影响,以期为诺丽引种后药用价值的开发以及作为药物临床辅助治疗高血压、高血糖等疾病提供相关数据和理论依据。
诺丽果汁,棕褐色液体(诺丽果采摘于云南省元江县诺丽生产基地);市售大溪地诺丽果汁(1 L/瓶),购于大溪地诺丽饮料(中国)有限公司;盐酸苯乙双胍片,25 mg×100片/瓶,购于江苏亚邦爱普森药业有限公司(批号:0802004);四氧嘧啶(购于Sigma公司,批号:12k1460);复方利血平氨苯喋啶片,10片/盒,购于北京双鹤药业股份有限公司(批号:080904A)。
正常血糖小鼠,雄性,体重为22~25 g,年龄为4~5个月,由昆明医学院实验动物中心提供,合格证号:SCXK(滇)20050008。
正常血压大鼠,雄性,体重为250~300 g,年龄为10~12个月,由昆明医学院实验动物中心提供,合格证号:SCXK(滇)20050008。
试验全过程给小鼠提供适宜的环境和充足的营养。试验研究过程中,采取人道方式处理小鼠,期间使用麻醉剂,试验后续对小鼠妥善处理。本试验遵循“尊重生命,科学试验”道德规范,确保小鼠的使用和研究符合法律和道德要求。
TMS-1024全自动生化分析仪(型号:蓝宝石),购自日本Tokyo Bokei集团公司。
取复方利血平氨苯喋啶片1片,置于研钵中,加入少量灭菌纯水,用研钵棒研磨后移入量筒,反复清洗2~3次,直至量筒中药液总量为30 mL,混匀即可作为阳性对照组试剂。
在饲养过程中,大鼠自由饮水、自由采食,并保持室内通风换气,环境干净整洁。温度和湿度分别控制在20~26 ℃和40%~70%。期间对大鼠的各项生物性状进行检查,若各性状无异常,即可进行下一步试验。
检疫结束后,选择体重均一(体重差异不超过平均体重的20%)、皮毛光泽、行为活动自如、状况良好的健康大鼠用于试验。大鼠称重后按体重分段,再随机分为6组,即:空白对照组、阳性对照组、大溪地组、云南元江低、中、高3个剂量组,每组10只。注射前对大鼠各项检查指标进行微调,使各组大鼠各项指标情况基本相同,并贴上相应的标签。
采用十二指肠注药法,对分好的6个组:空白对照组、阳性对照组、大溪地组、云南元江低、中、高3个剂量组分别注予纯水、复方利血平氨苯喋片、大溪地诺丽果汁、云南元江诺丽果汁(5、10、20 mL/kg)(表1),且均只注药1次(注药前充分混匀药液,用注射器抽取浓度均一的药液经十二指肠注予药物),并在相应时间测定大鼠的血压。
对各组正常大鼠,腹腔注射麻醉剂戊巴比妥钠45 mg/kg,待大鼠麻醉后,采取仰卧位的方式将其固定于解剖台上,剔除颈总动脉部周围的毛发,并在正中位置作纵形约2 cm切口。颈动脉插管时,沿胸锁乳突肌内缘将筋膜分开,可见颈总动脉迷走神经混合干,将动脉和神经分开,分离甲状腺动脉以下的颈总动脉一段(2~4 cm),下穿2根线,一根线结扎血管远心端,用动脉夹夹住血管近心端,在血管上剪一小口,插入动脉导管,用另一根线固定。将动脉导管与血压计相连接,待大鼠稳定后,便可读取注药前的血压值,经十二指肠注药后,读取30、60、90、120、180、240 min大鼠的血压值。
向雄性小鼠腹腔注射四氧嘧啶构建糖尿病小鼠模型[20],随后将小鼠随机分为6组:模型对照组、阳性对照组、大溪地组和云南元江低、中、高3个剂量组,另设12只生理状况正常的小鼠作为空白对照组,各组小鼠分别给予相对应的药物或果汁,每日给药或果汁1次,连续给药或果汁9 d,并在第10天采集血液测定空腹血糖值。
检疫结束后,对各项指标均合格的小鼠称重,选择体重均一(体重差异不超过平均体重的20%)、皮毛光泽、行动自如且状况良好的小鼠用于试验。小鼠称重后按体重分段,再随机分为7组,即空白对照组、模型对照组、阳性对照组、大溪地组、云南元江低、中、高3个剂量组。除空白对照组12只外,其余每组20只,每笼5~6只。给药前对小鼠各项检指标进行微调,使各组小鼠各指标情况基本相同,并贴上相应的标签。
将筛选出来的模型对照组、阳性对照组、大溪地组、云南元江低、中、高3个剂量组的合格小鼠禁食不禁水18 h后,向腹腔注射100 mg/kg四氧嘧啶,空白对照组给予相应体积的生理盐水。5 d后抽取禁食12 h小鼠血液,分离出血清,测定小鼠空腹血糖,若血糖浓度达11.1 mmol/L以上,则表明四氧嘧啶模型糖尿病小鼠建模成功。
对造模成功的糖尿病模型对照组、阳性对照组、大溪地组、云南元江低、中、高3个剂量组的小鼠每日灌胃相应的纯水、3.75 mg/mL盐酸苯乙双胍、100%大溪地诺丽果汁以及50%、100%和200%云南元江诺丽果汁20 mL/kg(表2)。灌胃给药前固定小鼠,充分混匀药液,用注射器抽取浓度均一的药液灌胃小鼠药物,各组小鼠每日给药1次,连续9 d,给药后第10天取禁食12 h,对自由饮水的小鼠取静脉血液,分离血清,测定各组糖尿病小鼠在给药后的空腹血糖值,比较给药前后各组小鼠血糖值变化。计算降糖率=(模型对照组给药后血糖值-处理组给药后血糖值)/模型对照组给药后血糖值×100%。
观察发现,以自身前后血压值作为对照,阳性对照组在起初30 min就表现出显著的降压效果,在60、90、120、180、240 min其降压效果逐渐趋向稳定,但与空白对照组相比,阳性对照组大鼠血压值注药240 min时差异极显著;大溪地组大鼠血压值在注药30 min和60 min后无显著变化,但在注药90 min后降压效果明显,并逐渐趋于稳定,与给药前相比差异显著;云南元江高剂量组在180 min时才表现出降压效果,在240 min的降压效果和起初相比并不显著,即高剂量组注药前后降压效果无显著差异,其降压效果弱于中剂量组;云南元江中剂量组在30、60、90、120、180、240 min降压效果逐渐增强,且在240 min时降压效果极显著;低剂量组在240 min时降压效果显著,在180 min和240 min降压效果逐渐增强,但低剂量组降压能力弱于中剂量组(表3)。
造模后的小鼠表现出糖尿病常有的一些症状,如精神萎靡、毛发稀疏无光泽、活动性减弱、生长缓慢、食量增加以及尿频等现象。模型对照组、阳性对照组、大溪地组、云南元江3个剂量组小鼠在腹腔注射100 mg/kg四氧嘧啶后与空白对照组(正常小鼠)相比较差异极显著(P<0.001)(表4),其血糖值均有所升高,且血糖值均高于11.1 mmol/L。由此表明,糖尿病小鼠已造模成功。
对建模成功的模型对照组、阳性对照组、大溪地组、云南元江3个剂量组糖尿病小鼠腹腔分别灌注纯水、盐酸苯乙双胍、大溪地诺丽果汁、云南元江诺丽果汁后,小鼠并未出现任何异常情况,表明诺丽果汁等试剂对小鼠并未产生副作用。连续给药或果汁9 d,第10天测其空腹血糖。结果显示(表5):云南元江高、中、低3个剂量组以及阳性对照组均可不同程度降低糖尿病小鼠的血糖,且降糖能力大小为:阳性对照组>低剂量组>中剂量组>高剂量组,与注射前相比,盐酸苯乙双胍、云南元江低剂量组(50%诺丽果汁)均表现出显著(P<0.05)的降糖效果。
给药前,大溪地组小鼠血糖值低于云南元江高、中、低3个剂量组;给药后,大溪地组小鼠血糖值反而高于云南元江高、中、低3个剂量组,且大溪地组小鼠给药后血糖值高于模型对照组小鼠给药后血糖值,导致此结果的因可能是大溪地诺丽果汁中添加了西柚汁等复合成分可能会与大溪地诺丽果汁中的相关功能物质结合而产生拮抗作用,从而使得其降糖率为0.00%(表5)。
云南元江诺丽果汁富含多种功能性物质,有降血压和降血糖的双重功效。本研究前期进行代谢组学研究[21-22]发现,采摘后的诺丽果中香豆素显著上调,前人发现白花前胡中香豆素等物质能显著降低高血压[23]。诺丽富含多酚[24],进行本研究前,已提取到诺丽果中的多酚,前人发现黑加仑中多酚可降低自发性高血压大鼠的收缩压和舒张压[25]。本试验通过对正常大鼠灌注云南元江诺丽果汁,分析大鼠血压变化发现,云南元江高、中、低3个剂量组均对正常大鼠具有降血压的作用,且中剂量组降血压效果最佳;在研究对糖尿病模型小鼠血糖的影响中发现,盐酸苯乙双胍、云南元江低剂量组(50%诺丽果汁)均对糖尿病模型小鼠具有显著的降血糖作用,结合上述前人对诺丽内含成分以及功能的分析结果,可能是诺丽中的香豆素类和多酚类物质发挥作用,使云南元江诺丽果汁能够起到降血压和降血糖的双重功效。
Ⅱ型糖尿病的产生主要是由于胰岛素不足或分泌缺陷[26-27],因而促进胰岛素分泌、清除自由基以及提高氧化活性能治疗糖尿病及其并发症,诺丽果中的多糖、黄酮、醌类物质等一些成分恰好具有清除自由基的功能,且能够提高氧化活性[28]。本课题组前期进行代谢组学研究发现,采摘后的诺丽果中芦丁等物质也显著上调,前人也发现芦丁有降血糖的作用[29],从而会使糖尿病模型小鼠的血糖降低[30]
在本研究中,对比分析大溪地诺丽果汁与云南元江诺丽果汁降小鼠血糖的影响中,只有云南元江诺丽果汁具有降血糖的作用,结合前人的研究结果[29],可能是诺丽中的芦丁在降低血糖过程中发挥主要作用。大溪地组给药后血糖值反而高于模型对照组给药后血糖值,且给药前,大溪地组小鼠血糖值低于云南元江高、中、低3个剂量组;给药后,大溪地组小鼠血糖值高于云南元江高、中、低3个剂量组,其降糖率为0,其原因可能是大溪地诺丽果汁中添加了西柚汁、葡萄汁等复合成分使其糖分增加,复合成分可能会与大溪地诺丽果汁中的相关功能物质结合而产生拮抗作用,从而使得其失去降糖功效。
张敏等对比分析发现,海南和斐济诺丽果中主要矿物质等成分存在差异[31-32];李戈等[33]对比发现来自海南与云南等地诺丽果中的黄酮等成分含量差异显著;杨焱等[34]研究发现来自印尼、美国、中国海南的诺丽果营养品质存在差异,说明不同地区诺丽果各项成分含量不同,不同产地的诺丽果汁营养成分也呈现明显的产地差异性[35],不同环境的甘草内在成分也具有显著差异[36],但是其药效基本不受环境的影响,可能是因为药效是由药用植物体内的多种药用成分相互作用所表现出来的,这些成分呈动态平衡的状态,本次试验中诺丽引种后其降血糖的功效并没有受到影响,所以不能仅通过种植环境的改变来判断植物药用价值的高低。
本课题组将诺丽从夏威夷引种至云南元江。夏威夷(18°N~19°N)平均海拔270 m,年平均降水量为12 244 mm;元江县(23°N)平均海拔370 m,年平均降水量为770~2400 mm,两地年平均降水量有着极大差异,引种后诺丽果各项成分含量虽然可能发生变化,但引种后其不仅表现出较好的适应性,而且能大量结果,且本研究发现引种后云南元江诺丽果汁同样具有良好的降血糖效果,其降血糖的功效相对于大溪地诺丽果汁而言并未受到明显影响。
此次试验研究了诺丽果从夏威夷引种到云南元江后对正常大鼠血压及糖尿病模型小鼠血糖的影响,分析发现种植环境改变并未改变其降血糖和降血压的作用,可作为高血糖与高血压辅助药物。因此,建议诺丽果能够在更多气候炎热的地区如云南文山、红河、普洱、临沧等地进行推广种植。本研究为开发利用诺丽果降血糖和降血压的功效提供更多理论依据和试验依据。
  • 国家林业和草原局项目([2019]27)
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2024年第45卷第9期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.09.021
  • 接收时间:2023-11-01
  • 首发时间:2026-06-23
  • 出版时间:2024-09-25
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  • 收稿日期:2023-11-01
  • 修回日期:2024-02-05
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国家林业和草原局项目([2019]27)
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    1.西南林业大学园林园艺学院,云南昆明 650224
    2.西南林业大学绿色发展研究院,云南昆明 650224
    3.中国热带农业科学院香料饮料研究所,海南万宁 571533

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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