Article(id=1276175735823926130, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276175380184695804, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.09.019, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1709740800000, receivedDateStr=2024-03-07, revisedDate=1710777600000, revisedDateStr=2024-03-19, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1782193605618, onlineDateStr=2026-06-23, pubDate=1727193600000, pubDateStr=2024-09-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1782193605618, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-23, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1782193605618, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1782193605618, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1276175380184695804, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, year='2024', volume='45', issue='9', pageStart='1761', pageEnd='1997', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1727193600000', pubDateStr='2024-09-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1782193520816, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782193908264, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1276177005326504448, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276175380184695804, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1276177005326504449, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276175380184695804, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1936, endPage=1946, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1276175736285299572, articleId=1276175735823926130, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=EN, title=Analysis of Volatile Components of Essential Oil of Qi-Nan Agarwood and Its Anti-inflammatory Activity in vitro, columnId=1236286112713470633, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, columnName=Post-harvest Treatment & Quality Safety, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The aim of the study was to explore the anti-inflammatory activity of Qi-Nan essential oil (QEO) based on component analysis combined with the cellular inflammation model. The volatile components of QEO were analyzed by GC-MS. The antioxidant activity of QEO was detected by the measurement of DPPH radical scavenging and total antioxidant capacity. Bioinformatics was used to predict the targets and signaling pathways of QEO related to inflammation. NO and ROS levels were detected by fluorescent probe method. ELISA was used to detect the levels of inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β. Western blot was used to detect the expressions of P-P65, P65, IκB-α and P-IκB-α. The main components of Qinan essential oil were 2-phenethyl-4H-chromen-4-one (50.08%), (-)-caryophyllene oxide (8.45%), patchulane (6.46%), elemol (3.88%), 2-methyl-6-(2-propenyl)-phenol (2.78%). The DPPH radicals scavenging of QEO was 51.98% at a concentration of 1 mg/mL and the total antioxidant capacity increased with the increase of QEO in the concentration range of 1-10 mg/mL. There were 533 intersecting targets of QEO and inflammation, and KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the main signaling pathways involved were MAPK, NF-κB and PI3K-Akt pathways. QEO significantly reduced the production and expression levels of NO, ROS, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β (P<0.001). Meanwhile, the results of western blot showed that QEO also inhibited the expression of P-P65 and P-IκB-α proteins (P<0.001). Therefore, QEO can achieve anti-inflammatory activity through reducing the production of ROS, thereby inhibiting the activation of NF-κB signaling pathway and further drastically decrease the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The results demonstrate that QEO has the potential to be developed as an inflammation inhibitor.

, authors=null, authorsList=Hanjin LU, Shengtao YANG, Yuan YUAN, Liangkun LIAO, Wei ZHOU, Yi ZHANG, Jihua LI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yi ZHANG, Jihua LI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1276175741708534672, articleId=1276175735823926130, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=CN, title=奇楠沉香精油挥发性成分分析及其体外抗炎活性研究, columnId=1236286112877048492, journalTitle=热带作物学报, columnName=采后处理与质量安全, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

本研究基于挥发性成分分析结合细胞炎症模型探究奇楠沉香精油(Qi-Nan essential oil,QEO)对RAW264.7细胞抗炎活性的影响。采用GC-MS方法,分析QEO挥发性成分;通过DPPH自由基清除率和总抗氧化能力测定,检测QEO的抗氧化活性;利用生物信息学预测QEO与炎症相关的靶点和信号通路;应用荧光探针法检测一氧化氮(NO)和活性氧(ROS)水平;应用ELISA法检测TNF-α、IL-6和IL-1β的含量;应用Western blot检测P-P65、P65、IκB-α和P-IκB-α的表达水平。结果表明:QEO主要挥发性成分为2-(2-苯乙基)-色酮(50.08%)、石竹素(8.45%)、绿叶烷(6.46%)、榄香醇(3.88%)、2-烯丙基-6-甲基苯酚(2.78%)。QEO在浓度为1 mg/mL时对DPPH自由基的清除率为51.98%,其总抗氧化能力在1~10 mg/mL浓度范围内随着浓度增大而增大。QEO与炎症的交集靶点有533个,KEGG富集分析显示主要涉及MAPK、NF-κB和PI3K-Akt等信号通路。QEO显著降低NO、ROS、TNF-α、IL-6和IL-1β的产生和表达水平(P<0.001);同时,QEO显著抑制P-P65和P-IκB-α蛋白表达(P<0.001)。以上研究结果表明,QEO可通过减少ROS的产生,抑制NF-κB信号通路的激活,从而显著减少细胞炎症因子的释放,以达到抗炎作用,具有开发成炎症抑制剂的潜力。

, authors=

陆含金(1997—),女,硕士,研究方向:天然产物活性。

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* 李积华(LI Jihua),E-mail:
张怡(ZHANG Yi),E-mail:
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陆含金(1997—),女,硕士,研究方向:天然产物活性。

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陆含金(1997—),女,硕士,研究方向:天然产物活性。

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Inflammation Research, 2022, 71(7/8): 741-758., articleTitle=Inflammatory biomarkers on an LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cell model: a systematic review and meta-analysis, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276465453560099404, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175735823926130, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=23, issue=54, pageStart=1951, pageEnd=1957, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=30, authorNames=高小力, 张倩, 霍会霞, 朱枝祥, 赵云芳, 屠鹏飞, 李军, journalName=中国药学杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=高小力, 张倩, 霍会霞, 朱枝祥, 赵云芳, 屠鹏飞, 李军. 沉香精油通过抑制p-STAT3和IL-1β/IL-6产生抗炎作用[J]. 中国药学杂志, 2019, 23(54): 1951-1957., articleTitle=沉香精油通过抑制p-STAT3和IL-1β/IL-6产生抗炎作用, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276465453690122829, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175735823926130, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=23, issue=54, pageStart=1951, pageEnd=1957, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=31, authorNames=GAO X L, ZHANG Q, HUO H X, ZHU Z X, ZHAO Y F, TU P F, LI J, journalName=Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GAO X L, ZHANG Q, HUO H X, ZHU Z X, ZHAO Y F, TU P F, LI J. Anti-inflammatory effect of chinese agarwood essential oil via inhibiting p-STAT3 and IL-1β/IL-6[J]. Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, 2019, 23(54): 1951-1957. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Anti-inflammatory effect of chinese agarwood essential oil via inhibiting p-STAT3 and IL-1β/IL-6, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1276465450070438443, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175735823926130, awardId=ZDYF2023SHFZ115, language=CN, fundingSource=海南省重点研发计划项目(ZDYF2023SHFZ115), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1276465450129158700, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175735823926130, awardId=322QN381, language=CN, fundingSource=海南省自然科学基金项目(322QN381), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1276465450187878957, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175735823926130, awardId=1630122022003, language=CN, fundingSource=中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(1630122022003), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1276465428100674010, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175735823926130, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276465428109062619, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175735823926130, companyId=1276465428100674010, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276465428117451228, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175735823926130, companyId=1276465428100674010, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.福建农林大学食品科学学院,福建福州 350002)]), AuthorCompany(id=1276465428180365789, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175735823926130, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276465428197143006, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175735823926130, companyId=1276465428180365789, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.Agricultural Products Processing Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Products Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276465428205531615, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175735823926130, companyId=1276465428180365789, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.中国热带农业科学院农产品加工研究所/农业农村部热带作物产品加工重点实验室,广东湛江 524001)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1276465445318291985, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175735823926130, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=GC-MS total ion chromatogram of QEO, figureFileSmall=Mv7M0fdxvCoH4sIGNZtCdA==, figureFileBig=YpfniaeS7VHCNMf262adlQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276465445397983762, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175735823926130, language=CN, label=图1, caption=奇楠沉香精油的GC-MS总离子流示意图, figureFileSmall=Mv7M0fdxvCoH4sIGNZtCdA==, figureFileBig=YpfniaeS7VHCNMf262adlQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276465445737722387, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175735823926130, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Analysis of types of composition of QEO, figureFileSmall=xSJRpjXvRERqVV2GkYg85w==, figureFileBig=bFYsaM3gy4IAnFakLePFtw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276465445813219860, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175735823926130, language=CN, label=图2, caption=奇楠沉香精油成分种类分析, figureFileSmall=xSJRpjXvRERqVV2GkYg85w==, figureFileBig=bFYsaM3gy4IAnFakLePFtw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276465445888717333, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175735823926130, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Antioxidant capacity of QEO

A: DPPH scavenging activity; B: Total antioxidant capacity.

, figureFileSmall=gDnV3sxjMHmx9X523GuEiQ==, figureFileBig=Pahd1g3TCuemb0CRKhKBXQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276465446677246486, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175735823926130, language=CN, label=图3, caption=奇楠沉香精油抗氧化活性

A:DPPH自由基清除率;B:总抗氧化能力。

, figureFileSmall=gDnV3sxjMHmx9X523GuEiQ==, figureFileBig=Pahd1g3TCuemb0CRKhKBXQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276465447050539543, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175735823926130, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Venny diagram of component target-inflammation target, figureFileSmall=Cv1zDT/Nvyo/C6qQXGDPQg==, figureFileBig=Xqm5HQvPuq/gg1Z/kir/VA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276465447411249688, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175735823926130, language=CN, label=图4, caption=奇楠沉香精油成分靶点-炎症靶点韦恩图, figureFileSmall=Cv1zDT/Nvyo/C6qQXGDPQg==, figureFileBig=Xqm5HQvPuq/gg1Z/kir/VA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276465447478358553, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175735823926130, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Anti-inflammatory core components and proteins of QEO

A: QEO-active ingredients-target network; B: PPI network of key targets.

, figureFileSmall=Qnl4U/zM3tQLODnmCsu9XA==, figureFileBig=nzA+bW7on6ztgRwMHv087w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276465447843263002, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175735823926130, language=CN, label=图5, caption=奇楠沉香精油抗炎的核心成分及靶蛋白图

A:奇楠沉香精油-活性成分-交集靶点网络;B:PPI蛋白网络。

, figureFileSmall=Qnl4U/zM3tQLODnmCsu9XA==, figureFileBig=nzA+bW7on6ztgRwMHv087w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276465447906177563, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175735823926130, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=GO and KEGG enrichment analysis of QEO

A: GO function enrichment analysis; B: KEGG pathway enrichment analysis.

, figureFileSmall=+42W5jisABTQeRhr8lFuWg==, figureFileBig=4IAyc+qEjG+fvzd0B/f0uw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276465447977480732, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175735823926130, language=CN, label=图6, caption=奇楠沉香精油GO和KEGG富集分析

A:GO功能富集分析;B:KEGG通路富集分析。

, figureFileSmall=+42W5jisABTQeRhr8lFuWg==, figureFileBig=4IAyc+qEjG+fvzd0B/f0uw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276465448287859229, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175735823926130, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=Effect of QEO concentration on RAW264.7 cell viability

*** indicates extremly significant difference compared with COG (P<0.001).

, figureFileSmall=7/8+yaHzd6HFy5tWi67GXw==, figureFileBig=nzLFtvTdfacF6x6hrc75qQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276465448363356702, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175735823926130, language=CN, label=图7, caption=奇楠沉香精油对RAW264.7细胞存活率的影响

***表示与COG比较差异极显著(P<0.001)。

, figureFileSmall=7/8+yaHzd6HFy5tWi67GXw==, figureFileBig=nzLFtvTdfacF6x6hrc75qQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276465448652763679, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175735823926130, language=EN, label=Fig. 8, caption=Effect of QEO on NO production in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells

### indicates extremly significant difference compared with COG (P<0.001); *** indicates extremly significant difference compared with MOG (P<0.001).

, figureFileSmall=anapMn7VK1QF0OtKe2xhtw==, figureFileBig=/hVW5UzHL4AkJVPr11Yuww==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276465448740844064, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175735823926130, language=CN, label=图8, caption=奇楠沉香精油对LPS诱导的RAW264.7细胞NO产生的影响

###表示与COG比较差异极显著(P<0.001);***表示与MOG比较差异极显著(P<0.001)。

, figureFileSmall=anapMn7VK1QF0OtKe2xhtw==, figureFileBig=/hVW5UzHL4AkJVPr11Yuww==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276465448803758625, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175735823926130, language=EN, label=Fig. 9, caption=Effect of QEO on NO fluorescence level in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells

### indicates extremly significant difference compared with COG (P<0.001); *** indicates extremly significant difference compared with MOG (P<0.001); * indicates significant difference compared with MOG (P<0.05)

, figureFileSmall=Dd9poa+Uy77ArhFDOo2sSQ==, figureFileBig=IdkqH97LjTr+tOYr6A1F9A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276465448875061794, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175735823926130, language=CN, label=图9, caption=奇楠沉香精油对LPS诱导的RAW264.7细胞NO荧光水平的影响

###表示与COG比较差异极显著(P<0.001);***表示与MOG比较差异极显著(P<0.001);*表示与MOG比较差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=Dd9poa+Uy77ArhFDOo2sSQ==, figureFileBig=IdkqH97LjTr+tOYr6A1F9A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276465449067999779, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175735823926130, language=EN, label=Fig. 10, caption=Effect of QEO on ROS levels in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells

### indicates extremly significant difference compared with COG (P<0.001); *** indicates extremly significant difference compared with MOG (P<0.001)

, figureFileSmall=/pR8Mhs7Xf4xuIUHQ4HiYQ==, figureFileBig=EKUKkAflPkP1EFyAtV/JiA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276465449139302948, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175735823926130, language=CN, label=图10, caption=QEO对LPS诱导的RAW264.7细胞ROS水平的影响

###表示与COG比较差异极显著(P<0.001);***表示与MOG比较差异极显著(P<0.001)。

, figureFileSmall=/pR8Mhs7Xf4xuIUHQ4HiYQ==, figureFileBig=EKUKkAflPkP1EFyAtV/JiA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276465449210606117, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175735823926130, language=EN, label=Fig. 11, caption=Effect of QEO on inflammatory factors in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells

### indicates extremly significant difference compared with COG (P<0.001); *** indicates extremly significant difference compared with MOG (P<0.001).

, figureFileSmall=rE7QH8oW/LkmEc8Mjt1JaQ==, figureFileBig=OcY9qjXi7hBfuREopkFyYQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276465449504207398, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175735823926130, language=CN, label=图11, caption=奇楠沉香精油对LPS诱导的RAW264.7细胞炎症因子的影响

###表示与COG比较差异极显著(P<0.001);***表示与MOG比较差异极显著(P<0.001)。

, figureFileSmall=rE7QH8oW/LkmEc8Mjt1JaQ==, figureFileBig=OcY9qjXi7hBfuREopkFyYQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276465449567121959, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175735823926130, language=EN, label=Fig. 12, caption=Effect of QEO on NF-κB pathway in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells

A: Protein imprinting map; B: P-IκB-α protein expression; C: P-P65 protein expression; ### indicates extremly significant difference compared with COG (P<0.001); *** indicates extremly significant difference compared with MOG (P<0.001).

, figureFileSmall=k8iT257Wm8jrZhRKELSPRw==, figureFileBig=Bg+JtDnpq50BK18DUIQlYg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276465449642619432, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175735823926130, language=CN, label=图12, caption=奇楠沉香精油对LPS诱导的RAW264.7细胞NF-κB信号通路的影响

A:蛋白印记;B:P-IκB-α蛋白表达;C:P-P65蛋白表达;###表示与COG比较差异极显著(P<0.001);***表示与MOG比较差异极显著(P<0.001)。

, figureFileSmall=k8iT257Wm8jrZhRKELSPRw==, figureFileBig=Bg+JtDnpq50BK18DUIQlYg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276465449726505513, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175735823926130, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Composition analysis of QEO

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号No.保留时间RT/min化合物CompoundCAS编号CAS No.分子式Molecular formula相对含量Relative content/%
19.468榄香烯elemene33880-83-0C15H240.22
214.495没药醇氧化物α-bisabololoxide26184-88-3C15H26O20.24
315.1124-(1,5-二甲基-4-己烯基)-3-环己烯-1-酮
4-(1,5-dimethyl-4-hexenyl)-3-cyclohexen-1-one
100572-83-6C14H22O0.21
415.399α-律草烯α-humulene6753-98-6C15H240.58
515.601绿叶烷patchulane19078-35-4C15H266.46
616.4227,9-二甲基-8-硝基双环[4.3.1]癸烷-10-酮
7,9-dimethyl-8-nitrobicyclo[4.3.1]decan-10-one
129967-66-4C12H19NO30.20
717.864桉叶醇eudesmol98683-12-6C15H26O1.02
817.965紫苏醇p-mentha-1,8-dien-7-ol536-59-4C10H16O0.52
918.126榄香醇elemol639-99-6C15H26O3.88
1018.23913-氧杂双环[9.3.1]十五烷13-oxabicyclo[9.3.1]pentadecane51547-45-6C14H26O1.45
1118.842α-古巴烯-11-醇α-copanne-11-ol41370-56-3C15H24O1.08
1219.3611,3-双-(2-环丙基,2-甲基环丙基)-丁-2-烯-1-酮
1,3-bis-(2-cyclopropyl,2-methylcyclopropyl)-but-2-en-1-one
C18H26O1.01
1319.590异香橙烯环氧化物isoaromadendrene epoxide85710-39-0C15H24O0.82
1420.423石竹素(-)-caryophyllene oxide1139-30-6C15H24O8.45
1520.8721b,5,5,6a-四甲基-八氢-1-氧杂环丙烷并[a]茚-6-酮
1b,5,5,6a-tetramethyl-octahydro-1-oxa-cyclopropa[a]inden-6-one
C13H20O20.32
1621.520反式石竹烯trans-caryophyllene87-44-5C15H240.46
1721.6311,3,3-三甲基-2-乙烯基环己烯
2-ethenyl-1,3,3-trimethyl-cyclohexene
5293-90-3C11H183.34
1821.797异香叶醇isogeraniol5944-20-7C10H18O1.76
1922.384顺式-(Z)-α-双没药烯环氧化物cis-Z-α-bisabolene epoxideC15H24O0.59
2023.461缬草提取物valerenal4176-16-3C15H22O1.10
2124.332脱氧疣内酯deoxysericealactone19892-19-4C16H20O41.93
2224.6404-甲基-3-(2-甲基-2-丙烯基)-2(5H)-呋喃酮
4-methyl-3-(2-methyl-2-propenyl)-2(5H)-furanone
89902-23-8C9H12O20.20
2325.343γ-榄香烯γ-elemene339154-91-5C15H240.58
2425.598α-甜没药醇α-bisabolol515-69-5C15H26O0.24
2526.412穿心莲内酯andrographolide5508-58-7C20H30O50.54
2626.541α-布藜烯α-bulnesene3772-93-8C15H240.30
2727.026氧杂环十四烷-4,11-二炔oxacyclotetradeca-4,11-diyne6568-32-7C13H18O3.56
2827.230除虫菊酯pyrethrolone487-67-2C11H14O20.69
2928.896β-缬草烯β-vatireneneC15H220.26
3032.5892-(2-苯乙基)色酮2-phenethyl-4H-chromen-4-one61828-53-3C17H14O250.08
3133.0552-烯丙基-6-甲基苯酚2-methyl-6-(2-propenyl)-phenol3354-58-3C10H12O2.78
3233.1801-溴-3-甲基-2-丁烯1-bromo-3-methyl-2-butene870-63-3C5H9Br2.19
3333.3053-氨基苯硫酚3-aminobenzenethiol22948-02-3C6H7NS1.24
3433.4256-苄氧基庚-1-烯-4-醇6-benzyloxyhept-1-en-4-olC14H20O20.34
3533.4752-甲基-3-(苯磺酰基)甲基-2-环戊烯-1-酮
2-methyl-3-(phenylsulfonyl)methyl-2-cyclopenten-1-one
11050-62-7C13H14O3S0.24
3633.5452-(2,2,3,3-四甲基环亚丙亚甲基)-4-甲基己酸
2-(2,2,3,3tetramethylcyclopropylidenmethylidene)-4-methyl-hex anoic acid
C15H24O20.42
3735.816邻苯二甲酸二正辛酯di-n-octyl phthalate117-84-0C24H38O40.47
), ArticleFig(id=1276465449915249194, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175735823926130, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

奇楠沉香精油成分分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号No.保留时间RT/min化合物CompoundCAS编号CAS No.分子式Molecular formula相对含量Relative content/%
19.468榄香烯elemene33880-83-0C15H240.22
214.495没药醇氧化物α-bisabololoxide26184-88-3C15H26O20.24
315.1124-(1,5-二甲基-4-己烯基)-3-环己烯-1-酮
4-(1,5-dimethyl-4-hexenyl)-3-cyclohexen-1-one
100572-83-6C14H22O0.21
415.399α-律草烯α-humulene6753-98-6C15H240.58
515.601绿叶烷patchulane19078-35-4C15H266.46
616.4227,9-二甲基-8-硝基双环[4.3.1]癸烷-10-酮
7,9-dimethyl-8-nitrobicyclo[4.3.1]decan-10-one
129967-66-4C12H19NO30.20
717.864桉叶醇eudesmol98683-12-6C15H26O1.02
817.965紫苏醇p-mentha-1,8-dien-7-ol536-59-4C10H16O0.52
918.126榄香醇elemol639-99-6C15H26O3.88
1018.23913-氧杂双环[9.3.1]十五烷13-oxabicyclo[9.3.1]pentadecane51547-45-6C14H26O1.45
1118.842α-古巴烯-11-醇α-copanne-11-ol41370-56-3C15H24O1.08
1219.3611,3-双-(2-环丙基,2-甲基环丙基)-丁-2-烯-1-酮
1,3-bis-(2-cyclopropyl,2-methylcyclopropyl)-but-2-en-1-one
C18H26O1.01
1319.590异香橙烯环氧化物isoaromadendrene epoxide85710-39-0C15H24O0.82
1420.423石竹素(-)-caryophyllene oxide1139-30-6C15H24O8.45
1520.8721b,5,5,6a-四甲基-八氢-1-氧杂环丙烷并[a]茚-6-酮
1b,5,5,6a-tetramethyl-octahydro-1-oxa-cyclopropa[a]inden-6-one
C13H20O20.32
1621.520反式石竹烯trans-caryophyllene87-44-5C15H240.46
1721.6311,3,3-三甲基-2-乙烯基环己烯
2-ethenyl-1,3,3-trimethyl-cyclohexene
5293-90-3C11H183.34
1821.797异香叶醇isogeraniol5944-20-7C10H18O1.76
1922.384顺式-(Z)-α-双没药烯环氧化物cis-Z-α-bisabolene epoxideC15H24O0.59
2023.461缬草提取物valerenal4176-16-3C15H22O1.10
2124.332脱氧疣内酯deoxysericealactone19892-19-4C16H20O41.93
2224.6404-甲基-3-(2-甲基-2-丙烯基)-2(5H)-呋喃酮
4-methyl-3-(2-methyl-2-propenyl)-2(5H)-furanone
89902-23-8C9H12O20.20
2325.343γ-榄香烯γ-elemene339154-91-5C15H240.58
2425.598α-甜没药醇α-bisabolol515-69-5C15H26O0.24
2526.412穿心莲内酯andrographolide5508-58-7C20H30O50.54
2626.541α-布藜烯α-bulnesene3772-93-8C15H240.30
2727.026氧杂环十四烷-4,11-二炔oxacyclotetradeca-4,11-diyne6568-32-7C13H18O3.56
2827.230除虫菊酯pyrethrolone487-67-2C11H14O20.69
2928.896β-缬草烯β-vatireneneC15H220.26
3032.5892-(2-苯乙基)色酮2-phenethyl-4H-chromen-4-one61828-53-3C17H14O250.08
3133.0552-烯丙基-6-甲基苯酚2-methyl-6-(2-propenyl)-phenol3354-58-3C10H12O2.78
3233.1801-溴-3-甲基-2-丁烯1-bromo-3-methyl-2-butene870-63-3C5H9Br2.19
3333.3053-氨基苯硫酚3-aminobenzenethiol22948-02-3C6H7NS1.24
3433.4256-苄氧基庚-1-烯-4-醇6-benzyloxyhept-1-en-4-olC14H20O20.34
3533.4752-甲基-3-(苯磺酰基)甲基-2-环戊烯-1-酮
2-methyl-3-(phenylsulfonyl)methyl-2-cyclopenten-1-one
11050-62-7C13H14O3S0.24
3633.5452-(2,2,3,3-四甲基环亚丙亚甲基)-4-甲基己酸
2-(2,2,3,3tetramethylcyclopropylidenmethylidene)-4-methyl-hex anoic acid
C15H24O20.42
3735.816邻苯二甲酸二正辛酯di-n-octyl phthalate117-84-0C24H38O40.47
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奇楠沉香精油挥发性成分分析及其体外抗炎活性研究
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陆含金 1, 2 , 杨胜涛 2 , 袁源 2 , 廖良坤 2 , 周伟 2 , 张怡 1, * , 李积华 1, 2, *
热带作物学报 | 采后处理与质量安全 2024,45(9): 1936-1946
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热带作物学报 |采后处理与质量安全 2024 , 45 (9) : 1936 -1946
奇楠沉香精油挥发性成分分析及其体外抗炎活性研究
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陆含金1, 2, 杨胜涛2, 袁源2, 廖良坤2, 周伟2, 张怡1, * , 李积华1, 2, *
作者信息
  • 1.福建农林大学食品科学学院,福建福州 350002
  • 2.中国热带农业科学院农产品加工研究所/农业农村部热带作物产品加工重点实验室,广东湛江 524001
通讯作者:
* 李积华(LI Jihua),E-mail:
张怡(ZHANG Yi),E-mail:
Analysis of Volatile Components of Essential Oil of Qi-Nan Agarwood and Its Anti-inflammatory Activity in vitro
Hanjin LU1, 2, Shengtao YANG2, Yuan YUAN2, Liangkun LIAO2, Wei ZHOU2, Yi ZHANG1, * , Jihua LI1, 2, *
Affiliations
  • 1.College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
  • 2.Agricultural Products Processing Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Products Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China
出版时间: 2024-09-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.09.019
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本研究基于挥发性成分分析结合细胞炎症模型探究奇楠沉香精油(Qi-Nan essential oil,QEO)对RAW264.7细胞抗炎活性的影响。采用GC-MS方法,分析QEO挥发性成分;通过DPPH自由基清除率和总抗氧化能力测定,检测QEO的抗氧化活性;利用生物信息学预测QEO与炎症相关的靶点和信号通路;应用荧光探针法检测一氧化氮(NO)和活性氧(ROS)水平;应用ELISA法检测TNF-α、IL-6和IL-1β的含量;应用Western blot检测P-P65、P65、IκB-α和P-IκB-α的表达水平。结果表明:QEO主要挥发性成分为2-(2-苯乙基)-色酮(50.08%)、石竹素(8.45%)、绿叶烷(6.46%)、榄香醇(3.88%)、2-烯丙基-6-甲基苯酚(2.78%)。QEO在浓度为1 mg/mL时对DPPH自由基的清除率为51.98%,其总抗氧化能力在1~10 mg/mL浓度范围内随着浓度增大而增大。QEO与炎症的交集靶点有533个,KEGG富集分析显示主要涉及MAPK、NF-κB和PI3K-Akt等信号通路。QEO显著降低NO、ROS、TNF-α、IL-6和IL-1β的产生和表达水平(P<0.001);同时,QEO显著抑制P-P65和P-IκB-α蛋白表达(P<0.001)。以上研究结果表明,QEO可通过减少ROS的产生,抑制NF-κB信号通路的激活,从而显著减少细胞炎症因子的释放,以达到抗炎作用,具有开发成炎症抑制剂的潜力。

奇楠  /  精油  /  抗炎  /  RAW264.7细胞  /  信号通路

The aim of the study was to explore the anti-inflammatory activity of Qi-Nan essential oil (QEO) based on component analysis combined with the cellular inflammation model. The volatile components of QEO were analyzed by GC-MS. The antioxidant activity of QEO was detected by the measurement of DPPH radical scavenging and total antioxidant capacity. Bioinformatics was used to predict the targets and signaling pathways of QEO related to inflammation. NO and ROS levels were detected by fluorescent probe method. ELISA was used to detect the levels of inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β. Western blot was used to detect the expressions of P-P65, P65, IκB-α and P-IκB-α. The main components of Qinan essential oil were 2-phenethyl-4H-chromen-4-one (50.08%), (-)-caryophyllene oxide (8.45%), patchulane (6.46%), elemol (3.88%), 2-methyl-6-(2-propenyl)-phenol (2.78%). The DPPH radicals scavenging of QEO was 51.98% at a concentration of 1 mg/mL and the total antioxidant capacity increased with the increase of QEO in the concentration range of 1-10 mg/mL. There were 533 intersecting targets of QEO and inflammation, and KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the main signaling pathways involved were MAPK, NF-κB and PI3K-Akt pathways. QEO significantly reduced the production and expression levels of NO, ROS, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β (P<0.001). Meanwhile, the results of western blot showed that QEO also inhibited the expression of P-P65 and P-IκB-α proteins (P<0.001). Therefore, QEO can achieve anti-inflammatory activity through reducing the production of ROS, thereby inhibiting the activation of NF-κB signaling pathway and further drastically decrease the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The results demonstrate that QEO has the potential to be developed as an inflammation inhibitor.

Qi-Nan  /  essential oil  /  anti-inflammatory  /  RAW264.7 cells  /  signaling pathway
陆含金, 杨胜涛, 袁源, 廖良坤, 周伟, 张怡, 李积华. 奇楠沉香精油挥发性成分分析及其体外抗炎活性研究. 热带作物学报, 2024 , 45 (9) : 1936 -1946 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.09.019
Hanjin LU, Shengtao YANG, Yuan YUAN, Liangkun LIAO, Wei ZHOU, Yi ZHANG, Jihua LI. Analysis of Volatile Components of Essential Oil of Qi-Nan Agarwood and Its Anti-inflammatory Activity in vitro[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2024 , 45 (9) : 1936 -1946 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.09.019
沉香是瑞香科沉香属(Aquilaria)或拟沉香属(Gyrinops)植物含有树脂的芯材[1],主要分布于印度、缅甸、老挝、越南、中国、柬埔寨、泰国等亚洲国家[2]。在我国,主要分布在广东、海南、广西、福建和台湾等地区。沉香作为一种热带特色作物,具有抗氧化、镇痛抗炎、降糖等良好功效[3]。近年来,随着沉香的市场需求增加,香农们从白木香天然林内选育出一类具有优良特性的品系,该品系具有结香早、结香快、结香质量高等优点,俗称易结沉香,即为奇楠沉香。奇楠又称伽南、伽楠、伽蓝、棋楠等,英文名有Kanankoh、Kyara、Chi-Nan、Qi-Nan等[4],其价格是普通沉香的上百甚至上千倍。随着奇楠人工培育技术逐渐成熟,奇楠沉香已初步形成产业[5]。奇楠沉香与普通沉香的主要区别在于其香气更加持久绵长、质地较软,油脂含量丰富,提取物得率及色酮含量比普通沉香更高[6]。张琳等[7]从奇楠沉香中分离的6-羟基-2-[2-(3-羟基-4-甲氧基苯)乙基]色酮能抑制由LPS诱导RAW264.7细胞产生NO的作用,初步说明奇楠沉香具有抗炎活性。
奇楠沉香精油(Qi-Nan essential oil,QEO)作为奇楠沉香最重要的活性成分,具有多种生物活性,但目前针对QEO的研究主要集中在成分分析鉴定和简单活性评价。有研究团队对从水蒸气蒸馏法提取的QEO进行成分分析,发现其倍半萜类化合物含量差异很大,分别为76.31%[8]和90.28%[9],说明QEO成分可能与品种、品质和种植地等因素有关。余珍[10]对3种不同品种的QEO进行研究,发现QEO的主要成分均为倍半萜类、2-(2-苯乙基)色酮类和简单芳香族化合物,且具有抑制NO产生的效果。此外,陈细钦等[11]对比了分别用水蒸气蒸馏和超临界萃取的普通沉香精油和QEO,结果表明超临界萃取的精油抗氧化活性均强于水蒸气蒸馏精油,并且QEO对于LPS诱导的RAW264.7细胞存活率的抑制作用最佳,这可能是奇楠沉香中的色酮类成分含量远高于普通沉香。在现有关于QEO的研究中,已初步证实其具有抗炎活性,但鲜有对超临界CO2萃取法提取QEO的抗炎活性进行系统研究的报道。
本研究拟以超临界CO2萃取法提取的QEO作为研究对象,通过GC-MS分析QEO挥发性成分,并对QEO的抗氧化活性进行评价。然后,采用生物信息学手段对QEO与炎症相关的靶点、主要活性成分及相关的信号通路进行预测。最后利用LPS诱导RAW264.7细胞建立炎症模型验证QEO的抗炎活性,以期为奇楠沉香产业的深入开发和高效利用提供理论基础。
奇楠沉香木种植于广东省茂名市茂南区山阁镇黄杰村委会塘尾村(110°57′9.594″E,21°42′47.5272″N)。小鼠巨噬细胞(RAW264.7)购自中国科学院细胞库。DMEM培养基、PBS缓冲液、双抗(ThermoFisher Scientific Gibco)、脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide,LPS)购自Sigma公司;胎牛血清(FBS)购自Serana公司;CCK-8试剂盒、一氧化氮(NO)检测试剂盒、活性氧(ROS)试剂盒购自碧云天生物技术有限公司;P65、P-P65、P-IκB-α、IκB-α、β-Actin、二抗购自Santa Cruz公司。
气相色谱质谱连用仪,日本岛津公司;二氧化碳恒温培养箱,美国Thermo Scientific公司;酶标仪,美国BIO-TEX公司;倒置荧光显微镜,日本Olympus公司;电泳系统、电转系统,美国Bio-Rad公司;凝胶成像系统,中国Tanon公司。
奇楠沉香木粉碎后过80目筛,准确称取100 g放入萃取罐。设置萃取条件为30 MPa,45 ℃,二氧化碳流量为20 L/h,萃取4 h。然后将萃取物放入专用的分子蒸馏中进行分离纯化,并收集馏出物,即获得QEO。
将QEO溶解于正己烷中,使用0.22 μm尼龙膜过滤,备用。采用HP-5弹性石英毛细管柱(0.25 mm×30 m,0.25 μm),进样量为1 μL。分别设置流速(1.0 mL/min)、分流比(30∶1)、进样温度(250 ℃)和传输线温度(280 ℃)。起始温度120 ℃,3 min,然后以3 ℃/min升至180 ℃,再以10 ℃/min升至250 ℃,保持10 min。EI电离70 eV,离子源温度为230 ℃,四级杆温度150 ℃,扫描方式为全扫描,扫描范围为35~600 m/z
将QEO溶液与DPPH的甲醇溶液混合,常温避光反应30 min,测定517 nm处的吸光值,记为A。等量的无水乙醇和DPPH的甲醇溶液混合作为空白反应体系,并测得吸光值,记为A0。以维生素C(Vc)作为阳性对照。DPPH的清除能力按以下公式计算:
将FRAP工作液与QEO充分混匀,室温避光反应10 min,蒸馏水调零,于593 nm处测其吸光值,VC作为阳性对照。以FeSO4溶液作为标准品绘制标准曲线,总抗氧化能力值以Fe2+含量表示,单位为µmol/mL。
在PubChem网站检索QEO的成分Smlies,然后将Smlies导入Swiss Target Prediction数据库,使用Uniprot数据库校正靶点。以inflammation为关键词,在GeneCards、Disgenet、OMIM数据库检索,结果采用Venny 2.1.0构建韦恩图,获取QEO与炎症的交集靶点。将交集靶点导入String数据库,保存蛋白交互信息文件。使用Cytoscape 3.9.1软件构建药物成分靶点网络图和蛋白质互作网络图(protein-protein interaction,PPI)。通过David数据库对交集靶点进行KEGG和GO富集分析,并使用微生信平台对结果进行可视化。
RAW264.7细胞采用DMEM完全培养基(10% FBS和1%双抗)于37 ℃、5% CO2细胞培养箱中培养。
试验组分别加入不同浓度的QEO(1、10、20、50 µg/mL),空白组加入等体积的DMEM培养基,于细胞培养箱中孵育24 h。使用CCK-8法检测QEO对细胞毒性的影响:弃除培养液,加入CCK-8试剂,培养箱中孵育30 min,采用酶标仪在450 nm波长下测定每孔吸光值,计算细胞的活力。
试验组加入不同浓度的QEO(1、10、20 µg/mL),培养2 h,无QEO为空白组(COG);然后加入终浓度为1 μg/mL的LPS刺激24 h,COG中加入LPS处理为模型组(MOG)。取上清液并依次加入NO含量检测试剂,测定540 nm处的吸光值,根据NO标准曲线计算浓度。
如1.2.8处理细胞后,吸取并弃除培养基,加入浓度为5 μmol/L的DAFFM DA,37 ℃孵育30 min后,用PBS清洗3次。利用倒置荧光显微镜拍照并记录细胞荧光强度。
如1.2.8处理细胞后,吸取并弃除培养基。加入浓度为10 μmol/L的DCFH-DA工作液,37 ℃避光孵育30 min后,用PBS清洗3次。利用倒置荧光显微镜拍照并记录细胞荧光强度。
细胞处理同1.2.8。使用ELISA试剂盒对培养基中炎症因子(TNF-α、IL-6和IL-1β)含量进行检测。
细胞处理同1.2.8。使用细胞刮收集细胞后加入裂解液在冰上进行快速裂解,然后进行4 ℃、13 000 g高速离心,吸取上清备用。调整蛋白浓度后进行变性即获得蛋白样品。然后通过电泳和转膜将目标蛋白转移至NC膜上,并采用常温封闭(1 h)、一抗(4 ℃过夜)和二抗(常温,1 h)孵育得到目标蛋白条带。最后采用化学发光系统进行图像采集。
每次试验重复3次以上,各组数据以平均值±标准差的形式表示,使用Origin 2021和Prism 9.0软件作图。
采用GC-MS方法对QEO挥发性成分进行分析,得到总离子流色谱图(图1)。结果如表1所示,从QEO中鉴定出37种成分,其主要的化合物类别为色酮类(50.08%)、倍半萜类(26.28%)、芳香族化合物(12.59%)(图2)。通过峰面积归一化法测定相对百分含量前5位从高到低依次为2-(2-苯乙基)-色酮(50.08%)、石竹素(8.45%)、绿叶烷(6.46%)、榄香醇(3.88%)、2-烯丙基-6-甲基苯酚(2.78%)。其中,相对含量最高的成分为2-(2-苯乙基)-色酮,说明其为QEO的主要挥发性成分。此外,研究发现从白木香中分离出的2-(2-苯乙基)-色酮[12]及其衍生物[13]能够显著抑制LPS诱导RAW264.7细胞NO的过量产生,表明其具有良好的抗炎活性。
本研究测试1~50 mg/mL浓度范围内QEO清除DPPH自由基的能力。从图3A可以看出QEO对DPPH自由基清除能力随着QEO浓度增大逐渐增强,在浓度为1 mg/mL时,QEO清除率为51.98%。此外,可明显看出QEO清除DPPH自由基的能力在20 mg/mL时达到最大值,说明QEO在1~50 mg/mL范围具有一定的清除DPPH自由基的能力。如图3B所示,QEO总抗氧化能力的结果以每毫升含有的Fe2+含量表示。FeSO4标准曲线回归方程为y=4.8772x+0.001,R2=0.9998,说明线性良好,可用于抗氧化能力的计算。在1~10 mg/mL浓度范围内,随着QEO浓度增大,Fe2+含量逐渐增加,表示QEO的还原力也逐渐增强,说明QEO的总抗氧化能力与浓度存在一定的量效关系。
通过数据库筛选得到QEO活性成分靶点有594个,炎症靶点15 394个,QEO与炎症的交集靶点共有553个(图4)。图5A为QEO活性成分交集靶点网络图,根据degree值的大小,排名前15的关键活性成分为紫苏醇、榄香醇、α-古巴烯-11-醇、1,3-双-(2-环丙基,2-甲基环丙基)-丁-2-烯-1-酮、异香橙烯环氧化物、石竹素、1b,5,5,6a-四甲基-八氢-1-氧杂环丙烷并[a]茚-6-酮、异香叶醇、顺式-(Z)-α-双没药烯环氧化物、缬草提取物、α-甜没药醇、氧杂环十四烷-4,11-二炔、除虫菊酯、2-(2-苯乙基)色酮、2-甲基-3-(苯磺酰基)甲基-2-环戊烯-1-酮。从图5A中可看出QEO发挥抗炎活性时具有多成分、多靶点的作用特点。如图5B所示,QEO发挥抗炎活性的关键靶点主要包括SRC、MAPK1、AKT、HSP90AA1、PI3K3CA等。在David数据库中对QEO作用炎症的553个交集靶蛋白进行GO注释分析和KEGG信号通路富集分析。如图6A所示,QEO发挥抗炎活性可能与细胞质膜上的靶点、以及蛋白磷酸化和ATP结合等作用环节有关。KEGG富集分析得到186条信号通路,以P值作为富集程度显著性标准,取排名前20条通路建立气泡图。如图6B所示,QEO作用炎症反应较显著的通路主要有NF-κB、MAPK和PI3K-Akt等炎症信号通路,以上结果说明QEO可能是通过上述信号通路发挥抗炎作用。因此,本研究在生物信息学的基础上重点考察QEO对NF-κB信号通路的调控作用。
图7所示,将1、10、20、50 μg/mL QEO作用于RAW264.7细胞24 h后对细胞存活率进行检测。与COG相比,在QEO浓度为50 μg/mL时,细胞存活率为43.24%,显示出极显著毒性。当QEO浓度在1~20 μg/mL浓度范围内,细胞活力与COG相比均无明显差异。因此,选取1、10、20 μg/mL浓度的QEO进行后续试验。
根据说明书,以NaNO2作为标准溶液绘制NO标准曲线,回归方程为y=0.0082x-0.007,R2=0.9996,说明在此浓度范围内线性良好,可用于NO含量的计算。如图8所示,LPS使对照组中的NO含量显著升高到COG的5倍,说明LPS能显著刺激RAW264.7细胞产生炎症反应,而1、10、20 μg/mL QEO处理组能够极显著地抑制NO的过量产生(P<0.001),且呈浓度依赖性。
图9所示,与空白组相比,LPS导致细胞中荧光强度显著增强(P<0.001),表示LPS刺激使得细胞中的NO含量显著增加。而加入QEO的处理组,随着QEO浓度的增加,其荧光强度逐渐减弱。说明LPS能够刺激RAW264.7细胞产生明显的炎症反应,而QEO处理使得这种炎症反应有所缓解。
在LPS诱导的炎症过程中,细胞可能会受到刺激产生过量的ROS,导致ROS和抗氧化剂之间的失衡,诱发免疫功能紊乱[14]。细胞中ROS的荧光强度如图10所示,和COG相比,LPS刺激RAW264.7细胞产生了大量的ROS。但经过1、10、20 μg/mL QEO处理后,细胞内ROS的含量呈浓度依赖性极显著降低(P<0.001),其中20 μg/mLQEO处理组的荧光水平与COG基本一致。
RAW264.7细胞被激活时,炎症因子(TNF-α、IL-6和IL-1β)会过度释放,这将使炎症反应进一步加重甚至失控,最终导致机体炎性病理损伤[15]。如图11所示,与COG相比,MOG中的TNF-α、IL-6和IL-1β经过LPS刺激后,其含量均极显著增加(P<0.001),而在1、10、20 μg/mL的QEO预处理的试验组,TNF-α、IL-6和IL-1β的含量随着QEO浓度的增加呈极显著降低(P<0.001),说明QEO能够剂量依赖性地抑制LPS诱导RAW264.7细胞炎症因子的过度产生。结果表明QEO可以显著抑制由LPS刺激导致的RAW264.7细胞的炎症反应。
为了进一步研究QEO发挥抗炎活性的作用机制,通过蛋白免疫印迹实验对NF-κB信号通路进行研究。如图12所示,当RAW264.7细胞被LPS刺激后,P-P65和P-IκB-α蛋白的表达极显著增加(P<0.001)。然而,经过QEO的预处理能极显著下调细胞中P-P65和P-IκB-α蛋白的表达(P<0.001),并且随着QEO的增加,其磷酸化蛋白的表达水平逐渐下降,说明QEO对于P65和IκB-α蛋白磷酸化的抑制具有显著效果,能够抑制NF-κB通路的激活,进而发挥良好的抗炎活性作用。
目前有关沉香的研究不断加深,沉香功效也得到了更多发掘和利用。QEO作为奇楠沉香最重要的活性成分,开发价值巨大。本研究从QEO中共鉴定出37种成分,其主要的化合物类别为色酮类、倍半萜类和芳香族化合物,含量分别为50.08%、26.28%和12.59%。大量研究发现从沉香中分离出的色酮类[16]和倍半萜类[17]化合物具有较好的抗炎作用,能够减轻炎症损伤。此外,YANG等[18]对野生和人工栽培的奇楠沉香进行成分比较,发现其中的色酮类含量明显不同,分别为72.43%和95.61%,本研究结果与此也有较大差异,这可能与奇楠沉香的种植地、结香方式不同有关。通过体外抗氧化活性试验发现,QEO在1~50 mg/mL浓度范围的DPPH自由基清除率和总抗氧化能力随着浓度的增加而上升,结果表明QEO具有较好的抗氧化活性。研究发现大多数的抗氧化剂的有效成分均具有抗炎特性[19],综合以上分析表明QEO在抗炎方面具有巨大的潜力。
本研究基于上述结果,采用生物信息学方法预测分析QEO的抗炎作用机制。筛选出QEO与炎症交集靶点553个,通过拓扑分析得到的成分-靶点网络图可以看出QEO中的核心成分类型为倍半萜类化合物和2-(2-苯乙基)色酮,这些结果提示QEO具有多组分、多靶点的作用特点。GO和KEGG富集分析结果表明QEO主要通过细胞质膜、细胞质、树突等细胞组分参与基因表达的调控,主要涉及蛋白磷酸化、炎症反应、细胞增殖的正向调节等生物过程,且发挥抗炎活性与NF-κB、MAPK、PI3K-Akt等信号通路有关。其中,NF-κB是一条经典的与炎症密切相关的信号通路。在炎症过程中,NF-κB通路能够激活iNOS,iNOS是一种重要的功能酶,可以促使细胞分泌大量的NO[20]。为了进一步明确QEO在发挥抗炎活性过程中与NF-κB信号通路的相关性,研究使用RAW264.7细胞的炎症模型进行验证。研究发现QEO在1~20 μg/mL浓度范围对LPS刺激的RAW264.7细胞NO具有极显著的抑制作用。为了验证上述结果,本研究对NO荧光水平进行分析,发现QEO在20 μg/mL时能够显著降低细胞内的NO水平,表现出良好的抗炎活性。
此外,研究表明ROS会在细胞受到刺激后大量产生并激活NF-κB信号通路,促进炎症相关基因的转录和表达[21]。为了进一步深入探究QEO的抗炎活性,本研究对RAW264.7细胞中的ROS水平进行检测,结果发现QEO处理显著抑制了细胞氧化应激水平,减少了ROS的表达量。NO水平的升高可以促使RAW264.7细胞分泌促炎因子TNF-α,而TNF-α又可以调节IL-6和IL-1β细胞因子级联反应,使细胞损伤级联效应放大,加重炎症损伤[22]。因此,抑制炎症因子的过度释放是一种有效的抗炎方式。本研究发现QEO能够显著降低TNF-α、IL-6和IL-1β等炎症因子的含量,且呈浓度依赖性。此前高小力等[23]的研究表明白木香精油能够显著抑制LPS诱导的RAW264.7细胞模型中炎症细胞因子IL-1β和IL-6的产生和释放,这与本研究中的QEO发挥抗炎效果的方式一致。此外,本研究发现QEO能够下调P65和IκB-α蛋白的磷酸化水平,表示QEO具有使P65和IκB-α的活化受到抑制的作用,说明QEO能够通过抑制NF-κB信号通路的激活,从而表现出良好的抗炎活性作用。
综上所述,QEO的挥发性成分有2-(2-苯乙基)色酮、石竹素、绿叶烷、榄香醇、2-烯丙基-6-甲基苯酚等,且具有一定的抗氧化能力。生物信息学预测QEO与炎症共有553个交集靶点,且QEO发挥抗炎活性与MAPK、NF-κB、PI3K-Akt等信号通路有关。此外,本研究揭示了QEO能够显著抑制由LPS诱导的过量ROS的产生,抑制NF-κB信号通路的激活,进而抑制NO、TNF-α、IL-6和IL-1β的大量产生,从而发挥抗炎活性的作用机制。本研究通过挥发性成分分析和分子细胞生物学的方法对QEO的抗炎活性进行了阐释,为进一步开发和高效利用奇楠沉香资源提供理论基础。
  • 海南省重点研发计划项目(ZDYF2023SHFZ115)
  • 海南省自然科学基金项目(322QN381)
  • 中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(1630122022003)
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2024年第45卷第9期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.09.019
  • 接收时间:2024-03-07
  • 首发时间:2026-06-23
  • 出版时间:2024-09-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-03-07
  • 修回日期:2024-03-19
基金
海南省重点研发计划项目(ZDYF2023SHFZ115)
海南省自然科学基金项目(322QN381)
中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(1630122022003)
作者信息
    1.福建农林大学食品科学学院,福建福州 350002
    2.中国热带农业科学院农产品加工研究所/农业农村部热带作物产品加工重点实验室,广东湛江 524001

通讯作者:

* 李积华(LI Jihua),E-mail:
张怡(ZHANG Yi),E-mail:
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rdzwxb/CN/10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.09.019
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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