Article(id=1276175572887802732, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276175380184695804, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.09.014, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1702310400000, receivedDateStr=2023-12-12, revisedDate=1708444800000, revisedDateStr=2024-02-21, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1782193566771, onlineDateStr=2026-06-23, pubDate=1727193600000, pubDateStr=2024-09-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1782193566771, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-23, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1782193566771, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1782193566771, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1276175380184695804, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, year='2024', volume='45', issue='9', pageStart='1761', pageEnd='1997', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1727193600000', pubDateStr='2024-09-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1782193520816, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782193908264, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1276177005326504448, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276175380184695804, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1276177005326504449, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276175380184695804, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1895, endPage=1901, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1276175573688914798, articleId=1276175572887802732, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=EN, title=Plant Glyceride in the Control of Conopomorpha sinensis in Lichi, columnId=1236292524264968282, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, columnName=Plant Protection & Bio-safety, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Conopomorpha sinensis is a main pest for litchi and longan. Currently, chemical pesticide control is still the primary technique on C. sinensis, which brings negative effects on the environment and increases insect pesticide resistance. Therefore, one imminent task is to develop new control strategies. The insecticidal plant glyceride oil, a new developed agricultural spray oil with no pesticide resistance, has a similar insecticidal effect compared with mineral oil. The contact insecticidal effects on C. sinensis eggs, pupae, adults and oviposition deterrent effect on adults of plant spray oil were evaluated by the spray method, and the evaluation of the field control effect was also conducted. The eggs, pupae, and adults were all susceptible to the oil. With 4.55 g/L of plant spray oil, the mortality rate of adult worms reached 100%, the emergence rate of pupae was less than 20%, the hatching inhibition rate of 1-day-old eggs was over 40%, and the plant spray oil had a certain repelling impact on spawning. Furthermore, the rate of fruit decay in the litchi orchard was greatly decreased by the oil treatment at the concentration of 4.55 g/L. The oil mixed with pesticides could reduce pesticide usage by half, while the rate of fruit decay was reduced to 1%. The results suggested that plant spray oil could be utilized to control C. sinensis in orchards, lessen the application of chemical pesticides, greatly enhance the control effect of C. sinensis, and offer a research foundation for the long-term, healthy growth of the litchi industry.

, authors=null, authorsList=Jiaqi SUO, Jianquan YAN, Xiuqian GUAN, Zuanxian SU, Xingmin WANG, Xiang MENG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Xiang MENG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1276175578277483384, articleId=1276175572887802732, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=CN, title=植物源甘油酯对荔枝蒂蛀虫的防控效果评价, columnId=1236292524520820846, journalTitle=热带作物学报, columnName=植物保护与生物安全, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

荔枝蒂蛀虫(Conopomorpha sinensis)是危害荔枝和龙眼的重要害虫之一。目前,主要通过使用化学农药来防治荔枝蒂蛀虫,这种防治方法存在环境污染、增加害虫的抗药性等问题。因此,寻找新型防控措施防治荔枝蒂蛀虫,是近年来的研究热点之一。植物源甘油酯是一种新开发的农用喷洒油,其杀虫效果与矿物油乳剂相当,且害虫不易产生抗药性。本研究采用喷雾法测定植物源甘油酯对荔枝蒂蛀虫卵、蛹及成虫的触杀及产卵拒避作用,并对其田间防控效果进行评价。结果表明:植物源甘油酯对蒂蛀虫的卵、蛹和成虫均有一定的触杀作用,在植物源甘油酯浓度为4.55 g/L时,对1日龄卵的孵化抑制率达40%以上,蛹羽化率在20%以下,成虫死亡率可达100%,且对雌虫产卵具有一定的拒避作用。此外,田间试验结果表明,使用浓度为4.55 g/L植物源甘油酯后果园内荔枝蛀果率显著降低,与农药混配可使农药使用量减半,且蛀果率降至1%。以上结果表明,植物源甘油酯可用于果园荔枝蒂蛀虫的防控,同时能够降低果园化学农药的使用,显著提高荔枝蒂蛀虫的防治效果,为荔枝产业的健康可持续发展提供研究基础。

, authors=

索佳琪(2000—),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:资源利用与植物保护。

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* 孟翔(MENG Xiang),E-mail:
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索佳琪(2000—),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:资源利用与植物保护。

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Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference (P<0.05).

, figureFileSmall=/dy2AEaYmWpbtLpjjxndtw==, figureFileBig=VCd3eCEsYZLQzQN1ZyFfjg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276465567812939840, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175572887802732, language=CN, label=图1, caption=植物源甘油酯对荔枝蒂蛀虫卵孵化的抑制效果

不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=/dy2AEaYmWpbtLpjjxndtw==, figureFileBig=VCd3eCEsYZLQzQN1ZyFfjg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276465568228175937, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175572887802732, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Action of plant spray oil on pupae of C. sinensis

A: Spraying plant spray oil on the leaves of C. sinensis after pupation; B: Abnormal eclosion of pupae after spraying plant spray oil; C: Contact effect of different concentrations of plant spray oil on C. sinensis pupae. Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference (P<0.05).

, figureFileSmall=K70gDsZElCw8boJfRk8ENg==, figureFileBig=dk1uAsCFazhHuLir32y03g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276465568299479106, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175572887802732, language=CN, label=图2, caption=植物源甘油酯对荔枝蒂蛀虫蛹的毒力测定

A:喷施植物源甘油酯后荔枝蒂蛀虫化蛹后的叶片;B:喷施植物源甘油酯后未正常羽化的虫蛹;C:不同浓度植物源甘油酯对荔枝蒂蛀虫蛹的触杀作用。不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=K70gDsZElCw8boJfRk8ENg==, figureFileBig=dk1uAsCFazhHuLir32y03g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276465568601468995, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175572887802732, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Effect of plant spray oil on spawning behavior of C. sinensis

Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference (P<0.05).

, figureFileSmall=MXvuh4ZuNwq2UPXqCc8mbg==, figureFileBig=wVoUlN07Oifkz7y5KI3T/g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276465568685355076, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175572887802732, language=CN, label=图3, caption=植物源甘油酯对荔枝蒂蛀虫产卵的影响

不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=MXvuh4ZuNwq2UPXqCc8mbg==, figureFileBig=wVoUlN07Oifkz7y5KI3T/g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276465568760852549, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175572887802732, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Comparison of control efficiency between plant spray oil and conventional insecticides

Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference (P<0.05).

, figureFileSmall=07ZFrpKQaIXpXsL+Z9PU3g==, figureFileBig=wGCLvt3eQnKoz451IuBnjQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276465568853127238, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175572887802732, language=CN, label=图4, caption=植物源甘油酯与常规杀虫剂防效比较

不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=07ZFrpKQaIXpXsL+Z9PU3g==, figureFileBig=wGCLvt3eQnKoz451IuBnjQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276465569121562695, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175572887802732, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Toxicity of plant spray oil to adults of C. sinensis

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
浓度
Concentration/(g·L–1
校正死亡率
Adjusted mortality rate/%
致死中浓度
LC50/(g·L–1
毒力回归方程
Tocixity regression equation
95%置信区间
95% confidence interval//(g·L–1
卡平方
χ2
9.100100±0a0.764у=0.834х–0.6370.130~1.1053.425
4.550100±0a
2.28089.26±6.42a
1.14058.52±5.96b
0.60844.81±2.89c
), ArticleFig(id=1276465569180282952, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175572887802732, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

植物源甘油酯对荔枝蒂蛀虫成虫的毒力

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
浓度
Concentration/(g·L–1
校正死亡率
Adjusted mortality rate/%
致死中浓度
LC50/(g·L–1
毒力回归方程
Tocixity regression equation
95%置信区间
95% confidence interval//(g·L–1
卡平方
χ2
9.100100±0a0.764у=0.834х–0.6370.130~1.1053.425
4.550100±0a
2.28089.26±6.42a
1.14058.52±5.96b
0.60844.81±2.89c
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植物源甘油酯对荔枝蒂蛀虫的防控效果评价
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索佳琪 1, 2 , 闫建全 2 , 观秀倩 3 , 苏钻贤 4 , 王兴民 1 , 孟翔 2, *
热带作物学报 | 植物保护与生物安全 2024,45(9): 1895-1901
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热带作物学报 |植物保护与生物安全 2024 , 45 (9) : 1895 -1901
植物源甘油酯对荔枝蒂蛀虫的防控效果评价
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China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1276465564071620662, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175572887802732, authorId=1276465563614441523, language=CN, stringName=孟翔, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, *, address=2.广东省科学院动物研究所/广东省动物保护与资源利用重点实验室/广东省野生动物保护与利用公共实验室,广东广州 510260, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1276465558094737420, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175572887802732, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276465558107320333, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175572887802732, companyId=1276465558094737420, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, 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索佳琪1, 2, 闫建全2, 观秀倩3, 苏钻贤4, 王兴民1, 孟翔2, *
作者信息
  • 1.华南农业大学植物保护学院,广东广州 510642
  • 2.广东省科学院动物研究所/广东省动物保护与资源利用重点实验室/广东省野生动物保护与利用公共实验室,广东广州 510260
  • 3.广州大学生命科学学院,广东广州 510006
  • 4.华南农业大学园艺学院,广东广州 510642
通讯作者:
* 孟翔(MENG Xiang),E-mail:
Plant Glyceride in the Control of Conopomorpha sinensis in Lichi
Jiaqi SUO1, 2, Jianquan YAN2, Xiuqian GUAN3, Zuanxian SU4, Xingmin WANG1, Xiang MENG2, *
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
  • 2.Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences / Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization / Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Guangzhou, Guangodng 510260, China
  • 3.School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
  • 4.College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
出版时间: 2024-09-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.09.014
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荔枝蒂蛀虫(Conopomorpha sinensis)是危害荔枝和龙眼的重要害虫之一。目前,主要通过使用化学农药来防治荔枝蒂蛀虫,这种防治方法存在环境污染、增加害虫的抗药性等问题。因此,寻找新型防控措施防治荔枝蒂蛀虫,是近年来的研究热点之一。植物源甘油酯是一种新开发的农用喷洒油,其杀虫效果与矿物油乳剂相当,且害虫不易产生抗药性。本研究采用喷雾法测定植物源甘油酯对荔枝蒂蛀虫卵、蛹及成虫的触杀及产卵拒避作用,并对其田间防控效果进行评价。结果表明:植物源甘油酯对蒂蛀虫的卵、蛹和成虫均有一定的触杀作用,在植物源甘油酯浓度为4.55 g/L时,对1日龄卵的孵化抑制率达40%以上,蛹羽化率在20%以下,成虫死亡率可达100%,且对雌虫产卵具有一定的拒避作用。此外,田间试验结果表明,使用浓度为4.55 g/L植物源甘油酯后果园内荔枝蛀果率显著降低,与农药混配可使农药使用量减半,且蛀果率降至1%。以上结果表明,植物源甘油酯可用于果园荔枝蒂蛀虫的防控,同时能够降低果园化学农药的使用,显著提高荔枝蒂蛀虫的防治效果,为荔枝产业的健康可持续发展提供研究基础。

荔枝蒂蛀虫  /  植物源甘油酯  /  触杀  /  产卵拒避

Conopomorpha sinensis is a main pest for litchi and longan. Currently, chemical pesticide control is still the primary technique on C. sinensis, which brings negative effects on the environment and increases insect pesticide resistance. Therefore, one imminent task is to develop new control strategies. The insecticidal plant glyceride oil, a new developed agricultural spray oil with no pesticide resistance, has a similar insecticidal effect compared with mineral oil. The contact insecticidal effects on C. sinensis eggs, pupae, adults and oviposition deterrent effect on adults of plant spray oil were evaluated by the spray method, and the evaluation of the field control effect was also conducted. The eggs, pupae, and adults were all susceptible to the oil. With 4.55 g/L of plant spray oil, the mortality rate of adult worms reached 100%, the emergence rate of pupae was less than 20%, the hatching inhibition rate of 1-day-old eggs was over 40%, and the plant spray oil had a certain repelling impact on spawning. Furthermore, the rate of fruit decay in the litchi orchard was greatly decreased by the oil treatment at the concentration of 4.55 g/L. The oil mixed with pesticides could reduce pesticide usage by half, while the rate of fruit decay was reduced to 1%. The results suggested that plant spray oil could be utilized to control C. sinensis in orchards, lessen the application of chemical pesticides, greatly enhance the control effect of C. sinensis, and offer a research foundation for the long-term, healthy growth of the litchi industry.

Conopomorpha sinensis  /  plant glyceride  /  contact  /  oviposition deterrent
索佳琪, 闫建全, 观秀倩, 苏钻贤, 王兴民, 孟翔. 植物源甘油酯对荔枝蒂蛀虫的防控效果评价. 热带作物学报, 2024 , 45 (9) : 1895 -1901 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.09.014
Jiaqi SUO, Jianquan YAN, Xiuqian GUAN, Zuanxian SU, Xingmin WANG, Xiang MENG. Plant Glyceride in the Control of Conopomorpha sinensis in Lichi[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2024 , 45 (9) : 1895 -1901 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.09.014
荔枝蒂蛀虫(Conopomorpha sinensis Bradley)属于鳞翅目(Lepidoptera)细蛾科(Gracilariidae),又称爻纹细蛾,是危害荔枝、龙眼的主要害虫之一[1]。荔枝蒂蛀虫幼虫孵化后会蛀入寄主果核为害。幼虫老熟时钻出寄主后会在附近的叶片或枯枝落叶上结茧化蛹[2]。该虫危害隐蔽,防治困难,严重时荔枝、龙眼虫果率达60%~90%[3-4],目前对荔枝蒂蛀虫的防治主要以化学防治为主,如52.25%农地乐乳油、毒死蜱、氯虫苯甲酰胺等[5-7]。但化学农药长期、过量使用,显著增加了荔枝蒂蛀虫的抗药性,同时还会导致荔枝、龙眼果实农药残留超标,严重影响了相关产品的内销与出口,造成了巨大的经济损失[8-9]。因此,寻找荔枝蒂蛀虫的新型、安全的防治措施,降低农药的使用,减少对荔枝和龙眼的农药残留,对荔枝和龙眼产业的健康可持续发展至关重要。
农用喷洒油(agricultural spray oils)是一类具有特定结构和组分的憎水性长链碳氢化合物,主要用于防控体型微小的害虫,如蚜虫、叶螨、蓟马、介壳虫等[10-11]。根据其主要成分的不同来源,主要分为矿物源、植物源和动物源。已有研究表明,农用喷洒油对害虫的作用机理主要为喷洒油分子在害虫体表形成油膜或进入气门堵塞呼吸系统导致害虫窒息死亡[12];油分子穿透害虫组织后溶解、破坏细胞膜,扰乱害虫的正常生理,或呼吸系统受堵导致害虫缓慢死亡[13];以直接或间接干扰害虫的寄主定位和产卵选择等[14]。农用喷洒油的杀虫机理表明其不易使害虫产生抗药性,目前尚未发现农用喷洒油引起的害虫抗药性问题,且农用喷洒油还具有制作成本低、低毒、对人畜及环境安全等优点。目前,农用喷洒油已广泛应用于蔬菜、花卉等价值高且敏感的植物虫害的防控中。其中矿物油乳剂在农用喷洒油中使用最为广泛,联合国粮食及农业组织(2023)统计结果显示,近30年来,国内矿物油乳剂年均用量已接近48 000 t。然而我国高等级矿物油乳剂的基础油,目前全部依赖进口[15-16]。欧阳革成等[17]、刘慧等[18]以中国大宗特色食品生产有机固废提取物为原料,研发出一种植物源喷洒油,经测试对害虫的触杀作用和行为拒避效果与国外生产的高等级矿物油乳剂相当。该成果由广州欧联生物科技有限公司转化,产品为欧丰连®农用植物油,对柑橘木虱[Diaphorina citri(Kuwayama)]、黄曲条跳甲[Phyllotreta striolata(Fabricus)]、柑桔红蜘蛛[Panonychus citri(McGregor)]等体型微小的害虫具有良好触杀作用和行为拒避效果[18-20]。鉴于植物源甘油酯的诸多优点,其是否能够用于果园荔枝蒂蛀虫的防控仍缺乏相关报道。
本研究以荔枝蒂蛀虫为研究对象,初步测试植物源甘油酯对荔枝蒂蛀虫卵、蛹、成虫的触杀及产卵拒避作用,以及其在田间条件下对荔枝蒂蛀虫的防治效果,并对比植物源甘油酯、植物源甘油酯与果园常规使用杀虫剂混配减量、果园常规杀虫剂之间的防控差异。研究结果可为使用农用喷洒油对荔枝蒂蛀虫的绿色防控提供参考。
荔枝蒂蛀虫:采集广州增城区东林果业荔枝园(113.764168°E,23.246451°N)的落果,置于室内待其化蛹,温度为(26±1)℃、相对湿度为(80±5)%、光周期为14 L∶10 D),每天收集虫蛹,待成虫羽化后,置于养虫笼内(50 cm×50 cm×50 cm),以5%蜂蜜水饲养。
荔枝蒂蛀虫虫卵收集:将荔枝蒂蛀虫成虫(雌∶雄=1∶1)置于上述养虫笼内,并将由凸凹形产卵纸包裹的新鲜荔枝放入养虫笼中,使荔枝蒂蛀虫在产卵纸上产卵,每天取出并更换产卵纸。
供试药剂:93%植物源甘油酯乳剂,由广州欧联生物科技有限公司生产,广东省科学院动物研究所监制的欧丰连®农用植物油产品(专利:ZL201810995471.9)[17]
荔枝园常规管理用药:除虫脲(上海生农生化制品股份有限公司)、阿维菌素(先正达南通作物保护有限公司)、阿维·高氯(河北农信生物科技有限责任有限公司)、噻虫·高氯氟(上海沪联生物药业股份有限公司)。
(1)对卵的毒力测定。采用喷雾法,用手持喷雾器将3 mL浓度为9.10、4.55、2.88、1.14 g/L植物源甘油酯药液(0.1% Tween-20水溶液配置)均匀喷施到有30粒卵的大小相同的产卵纸(15 cm×15 cm)上。晾干后置于直径为9 cm的培养皿中。以0.1% Tween-20水溶液为对照,每个处理重复3次。随后每天观察并记录卵的存活情况,连续观察10 d。
(2)对蛹的毒力测定。用手持喷雾器将3 mL上述4种浓度的植物源甘油酯溶液按上述喷雾法均匀喷施到荔枝蒂蛀虫已化蛹的荔枝叶片上。以0.1% Tween-20水溶液为对照,每个处理20头虫蛹,每天记录蛹的羽化数量,持续8 d,每个处理重复3次。
(3)对成虫的毒力测定。将10头2日龄荔枝蒂蛀虫成虫接入一次性塑料杯(直径为9 cm,高为9.6 cm)中,用手持喷雾器将1.500 mL浓度为9.100、4.550、2.880、1.140、0.608 g/L的植物源甘油酯药液(0.1% Tween-20水溶液配置)均匀喷施到塑料杯内,用纱布封口。以0.1% Tween-20水溶液为对照,每个处理重复3次。处理3 h后统计成虫死亡数。
分别测定植物源甘油酯浓度为9.10、4.55 g/L时对荔枝蒂蛀虫产卵的影响,以0.1% Tween-20水溶液为对照。将各供试药液用手持喷雾器分别均匀喷施于大小一致的5个荔枝鲜果上,待其充分晾干后(约30 min)将对照组和处理组呈对角线排列置于纱网笼(70 cm×70 cm×70 cm)中,并在每个纱网笼中央处释放已交配且处于产卵期的30头雌成虫,分别于释放1、2 d后用体式显微镜统计荔枝果上的卵粒数,每个处理重复3次。
试验地点设在广东省广州市增城麻车新果场荔枝园实验地,荔枝树(树龄10 a)为统一种植和栽培管理的妃子笑品种。田间试验设3个处理:常规杀虫剂处理区(T1),杀虫剂使用按照荔枝园常规管理用药;4.55 g/L植物源甘油酯+常规杀虫剂用量减半处理区(T2);4.55 g/L植物源甘油酯处理区(T3)。喷施等量无菌水,作为空白对照(CK),其他水肥管理一致。分别于2022年4月5日、4月19日、4月30日、5月18日、5月28日、6月7日各喷1次药剂。每个处理设置4个重复,每个重复5株荔枝树。待荔枝果实收获时,在每株树的东、南、西、北、中5个方位各随机采收鲜果50颗,剖开果实统计虫蛀果实数,计算蛀果率和防治效果。
采用SPSS22.0软件对试验数据进行统计分析,并计算死亡率和校正死亡率、拟合毒力回归方程、LC50及其95%置信区间等参数;利用单因素方差分析对校正死亡率、卵校正孵化抑制率进行分析,并应用Duncan’s新复极差法比较处理之间的差异显著性。
采用以下公式计算相关指标:卵孵化抑制率=未孵化的卵数/处理总卵数×100%;卵校正孵化抑制率=(处理组卵的孵化抑制–对照组卵孵化抑制率)/(1–对照组卵孵化抑制率)×100%;蛹羽化率=孵化蛹数/总蛹数×100%;成虫死亡率=死亡虫数/供试总虫数×100%;成虫校正死亡率=(处理组死亡率–对照组死亡率)/(1–对照组死亡率)×100%。
为了明确植物源甘油酯对荔枝蒂蛀虫卵的影响,分别测试不同浓度植物源甘油酯对不同日龄卵的孵化抑制效果(图1)。结果显示,植物源甘油酯对不同日龄荔枝蒂蛀虫卵的孵化均具有抑制效果,且抑制效率随着植物源甘油酯浓度的增加而增大,其中,9.10 g/L植物源甘油酯对荔枝蒂蛀虫1日龄卵孵化的校正抑制率达40%以上。
根据荔枝蒂蛀虫幼虫的化蛹习性,测试不同浓度植物源甘油酯对荔枝蒂蛀虫蛹羽化的影响,结果表明,喷施植物源甘油酯后,药液分布于荔枝叶表面,随后汇集于叶尖蒂蛀虫化蛹部位(图2A)。显微观察虫蛹后发现,植物源甘油酯能够浸润和渗透荔枝蒂蛀虫蛹膜(图2B)。与CK相比,喷施植物源甘油酯后荔枝蒂蛀虫蛹的羽化率显著降低,并且随着使用浓度的增大,虫蛹的羽化率逐渐降低,在浓度为4.55 g/L时荔枝蒂蛀虫蛹的羽化率降至20%以下(图2C)。
为了测定不同浓度植物源甘油酯对荔枝蒂蛀虫成虫的触杀作用,测试了植物源甘油酯对荔枝蒂蛀虫成虫的毒力,结果显示,荔枝蒂蛀虫成虫的校正死亡率随着植物源甘油酯浓度的升高而显著增加,处理3 h时植物源甘油酯对荔枝蒂蛀虫成虫的致死中浓度(LC50)为0.764 g/L(95%置信区间为0.130~1.105 g/L)。并且植物源甘油酯浓度为4.55 g/L时,荔枝蒂蛀虫成虫的死亡率可达100%(表1)。
对荔枝蒂蛀虫雌虫产卵拒避作用的测试浓度为9.10、4.55 g/L植物源甘油酯,结果表明,使用9.10、4.55 g/L植物源甘油酯处理后,在1 d时植物源甘油酯处理的荔枝蒂蛀虫的产卵数量显著低于CK(P<0.05,F=19.768),但在2 d时,这种拒避效果逐渐减弱并消失(图3)。
根据上述试验结果,选定浓度为4.55 g/L植物源甘油酯用于果园荔枝蒂蛀虫的防控测定,并比较其与常规杀虫剂减量混配及常规杀虫剂单独使用时三者防治效果的差异。结果表明,使用4.55 g/L植物源甘油酯(T3)处理后荔枝的蛀果率显著低于CK,与常规杀虫剂(T1)使用后的防效相当,且配合减半杀虫剂(T2)处理后,则进一步降低果园中荔枝的蛀果率(图4)。
荔枝是广东农业的传统优势产业。随着绿色农业的兴起,利用新型害虫防控措施、降低化学农药的使用已成为提高荔枝品质、增加荔枝园经济收入的必要技术手段。为此,本研究测定了植物源甘油酯对荔枝蒂蛀虫卵、蛹和成虫的防控效果,并在果园初步测定了喷施植物源甘油酯、植物源甘油酯与常规农药减量混配以及常规农药后荔枝的蛀果率,以期为利用农用喷洒油对荔枝蒂蛀虫进行绿色防控提供研究基础。
植物源甘油酯符合国内外有机食品生产允许使用的农药范围,且成本比矿物源乳剂和其他植物源乳剂低,能对木虱、粉虱等小型害虫和一些叶面微生物病害的防控起一定作用[18-20]。本研究的室内测试结果表明,植物源甘油酯对荔枝蒂蛀虫成虫具有较高的触杀效果,且随着植物源甘油酯浓度的增加而增大,在浓度为4.55 g/L时,植物源甘油酯对荔枝蒂蛀虫成虫有完全杀灭的效果。这与用植物源甘油酯防治柑橘木虱成虫和黄曲条跳甲成虫的防治效果相似[18-19]。研究还发现植物源甘油酯对荔枝蒂蛀虫卵的孵化具有显著的抑制效果,这可能是由于植物源甘油酯堵塞虫卵的气门,致其缺氧窒息或生命力下降而亡[21]。此外,在试验过程中发现,植物源甘油酯可浸润并渗透蛹膜,干扰蛹的发育,使其无法正常羽化而死亡,但具体的原因仍需进一步探究。
已有研究显示,农用喷洒油还具有很强的展着性,寄主植物完全被喷洒油覆盖变干后对害虫的行为特性产生影响,如干扰害虫的寄主定位、取食、产卵行为等[19,22]。在本研究中还发现,植物源甘油酯在短时间内可引起荔枝蒂蛀虫雌虫拒避选择荔枝鲜果产卵,与蓖麻油田间防治小菜蛾[Plutella xylostella(Linnaeus)]的结果类似,均可拒避雌虫产卵[23]。因此,在喷施植物源甘油酯的短时间内,与性信息素等引诱剂联合应用,构成拒避-诱杀系统,对荔枝蒂蛀虫实行推拉防控策略。
此外,油乳剂与化学农药混配可增加化学药剂的展着性和渗透性,弥补油乳剂在持效性能方面的不足,以减少化学农药的使用量并提高防治效果[20,24]。孙泉良等[25]研究发现怀农特(WETCIT)TM高效植物油助剂对吡蚜酮防治褐飞虱[Nilaparvata lugens(Stal)]具有增效作用,可使吡蚜酮的速效性、最大防治效果和持效性等方面得到改良;阳廷密等[26]研究发现在防治柑橘红蜘蛛时,一定浓度的甲基化植物油、d-柠檬烯对螺螨酯悬浮剂具有明显的增效减量作用。田间试验结果表明,植物源甘油酯与常规杀虫剂减量混合使用时,其防控效果略低于杀虫剂和植物源甘油酯单施区,与孙泉良等[25]将怀农特TM高效植物油助剂与吡蚜酮混配对褐飞虱的防治效果相似,均达到增效减量的作用。这表明植物源甘油酯作助剂与荔枝园常规杀虫剂混用,不仅能够控制果园内荔枝蒂蛀虫的蛀果率,同时能够降低化学农药的使用量,达到增效减量的目的,该方法还可起到延缓蒂蛀虫产生抗药性的作用,降低对环境的污染。
植物源甘油酯是一种新型的农用喷洒油药剂,对环境安全友好,且不会使害虫产生抗药性,但对其杀虫能力的评价仍较少。本研究发现植物源甘油酯对荔枝蒂蛀虫具有较好的防治效果,可有效降低果园内荔枝蒂蛀虫的蛀果率,还能显著减少化学农药的使用。植物源甘油酯对荔枝果园内其他害虫是否也具有防治效果及其作用机理,仍需进一步探究。
  • 广州市重点研发计划项目(2023B03J1372; 2023B03J1272)
  • 广州市农村科技特派员项目(2023E04J0904)
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2024年第45卷第9期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.09.014
  • 接收时间:2023-12-12
  • 首发时间:2026-06-23
  • 出版时间:2024-09-25
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  • 收稿日期:2023-12-12
  • 修回日期:2024-02-21
基金
广州市重点研发计划项目(2023B03J1372; 2023B03J1272)
广州市农村科技特派员项目(2023E04J0904)
作者信息
    1.华南农业大学植物保护学院,广东广州 510642
    2.广东省科学院动物研究所/广东省动物保护与资源利用重点实验室/广东省野生动物保护与利用公共实验室,广东广州 510260
    3.广州大学生命科学学院,广东广州 510006
    4.华南农业大学园艺学院,广东广州 510642

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* 孟翔(MENG Xiang),E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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